Disease of optic neuritis: symptoms and treatment

Pathologies associated with the eyes require prompt treatment! If they progress, there may be swelling, reddening of the mucous membrane. Some diseases are characterized by the separation of purulent exudate from the conjunctival sac. Neuritis of the optic nerve proceeds in different ways: manifestations depend on its form and cause. In medicine, you can find the concept of "Optical neuritis". It is quite extensive and includes many pathologies that differ in symptoms.

Definition of disease

Optic neuritis is a pathological condition in which the optic nerve is affected.The disease can arise due to violations of demyelinating nature. There are 2 types of neuritis: intrabulbar and retrobulbar.Diseases are manifested in different ways, but it is worth noting that they have a number of similar symptoms.

With neuritis, visual acuity decreases. Depending on the type of pathology, pain in the eye can be felt. To confirm the diagnosis, ophthalmoscopy is necessary.

Causes

1. Neuritis develops against the backdrop of inflammatory processes affecting the eye orbits.
2. Pathology can have a connection with brain diseases (encephalitis, meningitis).
3. Often, cases when neuritis occurs as a result of angina, sinusitis.
4. Pathology can develop in a person who has had an infectious disease.
5. In rare cases, neuritis occurs with a complicated pregnancy.
6. The cause may be an autoimmune disorder, an endocrine disease (diabetes).

The concept of "neuritis" characterizes the inflammatory process in the optic nerve.

When this disease manifests edema (a symptom leads to the fact that the visual fibers are squeezed, and in the future - are subjected to degenerative changes). Pathological reactions affect the visual acuity: it decreases gradually. When the symptoms subsided, the fibers begin to recover, the vision improves.

Types of disease

Classification depends on what causes optic neuritis. Several types of pathology can be distinguished:

• ischemic;
• autoimmune;
• infectious;
• toxic.

The cause of ischemic neuritis is ONMI. Symptoms of toxic neuritis may occur in people who have been poisoned with methyl alcohol. Intrabulbar neuritis is characterized by a change in the optic nerve disk.

The disease often affects children. Retrobulbar neuritis occurs if the optic nerve is damaged and leaves the orbit. This form of pathology is associated with multiple sclerosis. If you perform ophthalmoscopy with retrobulbar neuritis, you can not detect violations.

Symptoms

Intrabulbar neuritis

The disease has a pronounced clinical picture. In a person, vision deteriorates noticeably. The nature of the disturbance depends on how much the optic nerve is affected.If there is a total process, visual acuity decreases, and blindness may occur. When intrabulan neuritis, spots appear in the field of vision. They have different outlines.

The symptom of progressive intrabulbar neuritis is a decrease in the perception of shades. Adaptive opportunities in the dark deteriorate.

A characteristic sign of intrabulan neuritis is swelling. Vessels are moderately expanded.The duration of such symptoms: 4 - 5 weeks. After this time passes swelling, the hemorrhage dissolves.If intrabulbar neuritis occurs in severe form, the optic nerve becomes atrophic. In the course of ophthalmoscopy, a pale disc appears, whose vessels are narrowed.

Retrobulbar neuritis

This form of the disease proceeds in different ways. Axial inflammation manifests itself as a violation of central vision. The lesion affects the deep layers of the nerve.The patient has pain in the eye, they are worse when moving with the eyeballs. In the transversal form of retrobulbar neuritis, optic nerve tissues are affected.Pathology can lead to a complete loss of vision. With transversal neuritis, a gradual decrease in visual acuity is observed.

The course of retrobulbar neuritis is not characterized by changes in the optic disc.

Possible complications

Neuritis can lead to such consequences:

1. Atrophy of the optic nerve, in which vision falls.
2. Blindness.

Diagnostics

It is necessary to come to the reception to the ophthalmologist.The doctor will collect anamnesis, check the visual acuity. A differential examination will be required. Additional procedures will help to determine the degree of the disease.The doctor may prescribe angiography of the fundus, a lumbar puncture. To identify the causes of neuritis, you will need to carry out an MRI of the brain. You may need a blood test. After taking the tests, the ophthalmologist will refer you to the infectious disease specialist.

Treatment

Medication

Therapy depends on the nature of the ailment.It is carried out in a hospital.The doctor appoints:

• anti-inflammatory;
• metabolic;
• antibacterial;
• desensitizing drugs.

In some cases, antibiotics, corticosteroids are prescribed. Individual forms of the disease require medication with potassium, vitamins B.

If a person is poisoned with methyl alcohol and he has a neuritis, you need to immediately rinse your stomach.Inside is introduced 30% ethyl alcohol: it is an antidote. The medicine displaces poisonous methyl alcohol.If signs of optic nerve atrophy are revealed, the doctor prescribes drugs that improve blood microcirculation.

Prevention

1. Timely treatment of pathologies.
2. Refusal of questionable methods of therapy and self-treatment.
3. Healthy lifestyle.
4. Replenishment of vitamin deficiency.
5. Eye protection in contact with harmful substances.

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conclusions

Neuritis of the optic nerve is dangerous complications. It is necessary to take seriously the treatment of this disease. Drugs prescribed by a doctor are taken in accordance with dosages. Self-treatment of optic neuritis is unacceptable!

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