Bactrim

Bactrim is a combined antimicrobial drug related to sulfonamides.

However, in addition to sulfamethoxazole, it includes trimethoprim, which is a derivative of diaminopyrimidine. The mechanism of action of this drug is based on the ability of sulfonamides to influence biological processes, passing inside the bacterial cell, and trimethoprim further strengthens the antibacterial effect.

On this page you will find all information about Bactrim: the full instruction on the application for this medicine, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogs of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already applied Bactrim. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Combined antimicrobial drug consisting of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.

Conditions of leave from pharmacies

It is released on prescription.

Price list

How much does Bactrim cost? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of160 rubles.

Form of issue and composition

The drug is produced in the form of:

• Bactrim tablets containing 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 80 mg of trimethoprim;
• Suspension for ingestion Bactrim, 5 ml (1 measuring spoon) which contains 240 mg of co-Thymoxazole - 200 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 40 mg of trimethoprim;
• Coated Bactrim Forte tablets containing 960 mg of co-Thymoxazole - 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim;
• Bactrim tablets for children containing 100 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 20 mg of trimethoprim.

Pharmacological effect

Bactrim has a bactericidal effect, showing activity against various microorganisms.

These include the E. coli, gonococci, streptococci, staphylococcus, meningococcus, cholera vibrio, salmonella, listeria, hemophilic rod, klebsiella, pertussis, brucella, enterococci fecal, serrata, enterobacter, shigella, citrobacter, morganella, chlamydia, intestinal yersiniosis, toxoplasm, pathogenic fungi, plasmodia, histoplasm, actinomycetes, as well as pathogens of pneumocystis pneumonia, tularemia, nocardiosis, coccidioidosis and legionellosis.

The action of the drug is resistant to microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coryneform bacteria and viruses. The therapeutic effect after taking Bactrim lasts seven hours.

Indications for use

Bactrim is indicated for the following infectious diseases:

• Infections of ENT organs: angina, scarlet fever, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media.
• GI tract infections: cholera, typhoid fever and paratyphoid, cholangitis, gastroenteritis, cholecystitis, dysentery, salmonellae.
• Respiratory tract infections: chronic and acute bronchitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumocystic and croupous pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchoectatic disease.
• Infections of the skin: acne, pyoderma, furunculosis, wound infections.
• Infections of the genitourinary system: gonococcal urethritis, mild chancroid, cystitis, inguinal granuloma, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea, pyelitis, prostatitis, epididymitis, venereal lymphogranuloma.
• Other bacterial infections caused by a number of microorganisms: osteoarticular infections, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, acute and chronic osteomyelitis, actinomycetoma, South American blastomycosis, malaria.

Contraindications

According to the instructions, Bactrim is not prescribed with sensitivity to it (including sulfanilamide preparations), renal and hepatic insufficiency, leukopenia, anemia deficiency and aplastic, pregnancy and lactation, agranulocytosis, insufficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In children, Bactrim can cause hyperbilirubinemia.

Do not prescribe Bactrim to preterm infants and in the first 6 weeks. Bactrim's instructions state that he is appointed with caution in diseases of the thyroid gland, asthma bronchial, acid deficiency folic.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Antibiotic is not considered strictly teratogenic and embryotoxic drug. However, taking it during pregnancy is recommended only if the benefit from it significantly exceeds the possible harmful consequences.

During lactation, it is also better to avoid taking Bactrim, since both of its active ingredients will be ingested to the newborn together with the milk of the mother, after which the child may develop unwanted reactions. Children of this age can not even syrup.

Instructions for use

The instructions for use indicate that before the appointment of a patient Bactrim it is desirable to determine the sensitivity to it of the microflora that caused the disease in this patient. Assign inside after eating (morning and evening).

• Suspension: children 3-6 months - 120 mg 2 times a day, 7 months-3 years - 120-240 mg twice a day, 4-6 years - 240-480 mg 2 times a day, 7-12 years - 480 mg 2 times a day, adults and children over 12 years - 960 mg 2 times a day. Syrup for children: children 1-2 years - 120 mg 2 times a day, 2-6 years - 180-240 mg 2 times a day, 6-12 years - 240-480 mg 2 times a day.
• Inside (tablets), adults and children over 12 years - 960 mg once, or 480 mg 2 times a day. In severe infections - 480 mg 3 times a day, with chronic infections, a maintenance dose of 480 mg 2 times a day. Children 1-2 years - 120 mg 2 times a day, 2-6 years - 120-240 mg 2 times a day, 6-12 years - 240-480 mg 2 times a day.

The minimum duration of treatment is 4 days; After the disappearance of symptoms, therapy is continued for 2 days. With chronic infections, the course of treatment is longer. With acute brucellosis - 3-4 weeks, with typhoid fever and paratyphoid - 1-3 months.

• To prevent the recurrence of chronic urinary tract infections, adults and children over 12 years of age - 480 mg once a day at night, children under 12 years - 12 mg / kg / day. Duration of treatment - 3-12 months. The course of treatment of acute cystitis in children 7-16 years - 480 mg 2 times a day for 3 days.
• With gonorrhea - 1920-2880 mg / day for 3 doses.
• With gonorrheal pharyngitis (with hypersensitivity to penicillin) - 4320 mg once a day for 5 days. In pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii, 120 mg / kg / day with an interval of 6 hours for 14 days.

Side effects

What side reactions can the drug "Bactrim" cause? Instructions for use (for children the suspension - although the optimal choice, but still assigned only according to the indications) indicates the following undesirable phenomena:

1. On the part of the respiratory system: bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates.
2. From the side of the nervous system: headache, dizziness; in some cases - aseptic meningitis, depression, apathy, tremor, peripheral neuritis.
3. On the part of the hematopoiesis: leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia.
4. From the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, myalgia.
5. Local reactions: thrombophlebitis (in place of venipuncture), tenderness at the site of administration.
6. From the side of the urinary system: polyuria, interstitial nephritis, impaired renal function, crystalluria, hematuria, increased urea concentration, hypercreatininaemia, toxic nephropathy with oliguria and anuria.
7. On the part of the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, diarrhea, gastritis, abdominal pain, glossitis, stomatitis, cholestasis, increased activity of 'liver' transaminases, hepatitis, hepatonecrosis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
8. Allergic reactions: itching, photosensitivity, rash, exudative erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome), toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), exfoliative dermatitis, allergic myocarditis, fever, angioedema, hyperaemia sclera.
9. Other: hypoglycemia.

Overdose

If the dose of the drug exceeds the allowable, the patient will note nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, pain in the head, fainting, confusion and urine in the form of meat slops due to the presence of blood in the latter. The temperature may rise. If the overdose occurs continuously, the patient's blood formula suffers: conditions such as leukopenia develop (decrease in leukocyte count), thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and megaloblastic anemia (deficiency of B 12 and folic acid).

As methods for controlling the overdose of Bactrim, gastric lavage, increased fluid intake, administration of the calcium salt and folic acid intramuscularly in a dose of 5-15 mg are used. Sometimes, in particularly severe cases of drug poisoning, you have to undergo hemodialysis.

special instructions

Before using Bactrim, you should carefully read the instructions and pay attention to such specific instructions for its use:

• Bactrim suspension is not used to treat pregnant women. During breastfeeding, for the entire period of treatment, the baby is transferred to breastfeeding with adapted milk formulas.
• When carrying out long-term treatment with Bactrim, there is a need to regularly determine the number of uniform elements in the blood. With a significant decrease in the amount of any of the elements, therapy should be canceled. Patients with severe hematologic pathologies can be assigned co-trimoxazole only in the most extreme cases.
• The use of the drug in the elderly, against the background of a deficiency of folic acid in the body can lead to the development of changes in hematological indicators (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia). Therefore, in such categories of patients, the drug is administered with caution, with periodic clinical blood analysis.
• During the treatment, the water balance is monitored in the body and adequate supply of liquid and mineral salts is guaranteed.
• The drug can interact with certain drugs of other pharmacological groups (diuretics, antibiotics, anticoagulants), therefore, before starting its use, it is necessary to warn the doctor about taking other medications.

In pharmacies, the drug is only released on prescription. In case of any doubt, questions regarding his admission, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Drug Interactions

When combined with indirect anticoagulants increase their activity, and also increase the effects of methotrexate and hypoglycemic drugs.

Reviews

Patients who took the drug in question in the form of suspension and tablets, speak about it ambiguously. For some people this medicine seemed highly effective and became an excellent assistant in the fight against various diseases, and for others it caused only side effects.

Experts explain such ambiguous reviews by the fact that Bactrim does have many contraindications, as well as a large list of undesirable reactions. In this regard, his appointment is only useful if other methods of treatment to the patient do not help.

Reviews about this syrup are also varied. They do not provide an opportunity to form a definite opinion on its safety and effectiveness. According to the reports of the parents, this medication should be prescribed only by a pediatrician and only after a thorough medical examination. Only in this case the treatment will be effective and relatively safe for the child.

Analogues

The following preparations are analogues of Bactrim:

• By the active substance: Bi-Septin, Biseptol, Briefeptol, Dvaseptol, Co-trimoxazole, Methosulfabol;
• On the mechanism of action: Sulfaton.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Bactrim is a drug belonging to list B, which is prescribed by a doctor. The rules for its storage are dry, protected from sunlight, at a temperature of up to 25 ° C. If these conditions are met, the shelf life of Bactrim is 5 years.

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