What should be first aid for eye trauma?

Any damage to the eyes can lead to a deterioration in the visual function in the future or even complete blindness. In order to minimize possible risks, the victim needs to correctly provide first aid. It will help to maintain eyesight, prevent the development of intraocular outflows, loss of the eyeball, purulent infection of the wound. Types of injuries are also different - these are burns, penetrating wounds, bleeding and foreign body entry. First aid, accordingly, must also be carried out according to special rules.

Types of eye injuries

Injuries of the eye are light, of medium severity and heavy.They are also divided into different categories depending on the nature of occurrence (there are household, industrial, sports, transport, agricultural), places of localization (eyeball or appendages), propagation (isolated, complex, multiple, single). ABOUT

The main causes of trauma to the organs of the visual system are burns, penetrating wounds, foreign body entry.

Foreign body

The ingress of a foreign body into the eye is not accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the sclera or cornea, as with penetrating wounds. Under the foreign body, this may mean grains of sand, small insects, and so on. Its removal is usually performed under local anesthesia, after which the eye is washed with an antiseptic. During the week (on average), you will need to apply ointments and drops with an antibiotic.

The foreign body is usually removed under local anesthesia.

Burns

Burns represent a high risk for visual function - they cause significant (and often irreversible) changes in visual tissues.To treat burns is not easy, moreover, the visual function can not be restored.

Approximately 40% of people after eye burns become visually impaired.

75% of all burn injuries are burned with acids - these substances are very aggressive and cause so-called coagulation necrosis. The consequences, as well as the severity of such trauma, can be determined only after a few days, since the acid in the eye tissue penetrates gradually.

The most dangerous burns are acid-alkaline, accompanied by thermal exposure.

25% of burns occur as a result of alkali exposure, accompanied by dissolution of tissue proteins. The defeat of the structures of the eye in this case can take as several minutes, and several days. An accurate assessment of the victim's condition is carried out three days later.

There are still burns by welding, as a rule, common among people involved in this field of activity. This type of burns is referred to as radiation. The occurrence of burns of this type is not immediately apparent, but 4-6 hours after injury.

In all cases, after first aid, as a rule, the patient is prescribed analgesics such as Inokain, corticosteroids or antihistamines (hydrocortisone ointment), preparations for swelling (VitA-PIC), and antibiotics in form of drops.

Ointment Hydrocortisone is used for eye burns

Bleeding

Bleeding occurs as a result of cut injuries of the eyelids.In this case, you need to make a bandage of clean cloth, gauze or cotton wool and carefully fix it. If possible, a healthy eye is also covered.

Penetrating wound

Penetrating wounds to the eyes are one of the most dangerous, because they are accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the shells.The nature of such wounds is chipped, torn, cut.

Penetrating wounds to the eyes - one of the most dangerous. The sooner you seek medical help, the better.

As a result of trauma of the eye membranes, such pathologies as ecophthalmus, ptosis, and ophthalmoplegia develop.It is impossible to exclude the possibility of damage to the optic nerve. If a penetrating wound is accompanied by ingress of the foreign body into the eye, purulent complications often develop. When a wound falls on the so-called limbal region, a vitreous body may fall out.

With penetrating wounds, treatment is performed exclusively surgically.If the structures are damaged, surgeons try to restore all the injured areas, depending on the degree of severity. In extreme cases, enucleation is performed. Most often, with such injuries, the cornea and the lens suffer, so the patient can be assigned a donor cornea transplant or a lens replacement for the IOL.

It is important to follow all the prescriptions of the doctor in the postoperative period, because during this time, most patients experience changes in the intraocular pressure, which can lead to glaucoma, poor performance of the eye muscles (on the basis of their paralysis, strabismus may develop).

If the eye of the penetrating wound has changed color - the rim of the sclera has become brown or yellow-green - it means that metal particles have fallen into it (these may be very small fragments).

What not to do

Many complications from the organs of vision after trauma arise due to the fact that the victim was not given proper help.But even worse, you can do if you perform those actions, which in this case are categorically unacceptable.

After trauma, the eyes can not be rubbed, pressed, washed, put on them cotton pads.

So, in case of eye injury, it is strictly forbidden:

• Rub the injured eye and put pressure on it.
• Touch the foreign body and, moreover, try to remove it yourself.
• Wash the eye(with penetrating wounds - rinsing can be carried out only when chemical solutions fall).
• Try to neutralize the action of the acid with an alkaline solution,
• Use cotton wool for dressing(except for the wounds of the eyelids, accompanied by severe bleeding).

Trauma of the eye is a dangerous condition, regardless of the cause of its occurrence. Do not aggravate the situation by inept actions.

What should be done

In case of eye injuries, the action should be taken immediately. In many ways, they depend on the nature of the damage:

1. With cut wounds centuryit is necessary to cover the damaged area with a clean cloth or gauze, fix it with a bandage (tight, but not squashing). The second eye is desirable to cover up to stop the movement of the eyeball.
2. Blows- First aid should be the same as in the case of cut wounds, but instead of dry bandages you will need to use a cold compress.
3. When chemicals hitflush eyes with plenty of running water. Close with a clean gasket and contact the clinic.
4. When foreign matter entersThe eye should be closed and seek medical attention. Independently to get metal and other solid objects it is impossible.

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conclusions

Any trauma to the eye can result in irreversible consequences, cause a significant decrease in vision or even the development of complete blindness. The main types of injuries are burns, bleeding, foreign body entry, penetrating wounds. To rub, to press on the damaged eye it is impossible, wash it only in case of hit of a chemical substance. The sooner you seek medical help, the better.