Vaccination against influenza - contraindications
The flu epidemic has become habitual for a long time, and preparation for it has turned into something self-evident. Even children know how important prevention is. It is also well known that one of the best means for preventing influenza is vaccination. And only those who directly faced the problem know that the flu vaccine is not universal - it has contraindications. That is, not everyone can protect themselves from the disease with the help of a vaccine. More details about the negative aspects of vaccination against influenza will be described in the article.
Side effects of vaccination against influenza
Vaccines against influenza are of different types:
- Injection is more popular. There are no live viruses, but it gets into the body thanks to a shot.
- The second type of vaccine is aerosol. This means contains live viruses. Weakened, they do not pose a threat to the body, but contribute to the development of strong immunity.
Like any other vaccine, a flu shot can cause side effects. Different organisms perceive vaccination in their own way. The most frequent negative manifestations of vaccination are the following:
- Immediately after vaccination a person can feel weakness, fatigue, drowsiness. Sometimes the patient is tormented by fever and fever.
- Many people get a headache after the vaccination.
- One of the most unpleasant consequences of vaccination is a runny nose or a pharyngitis.
- The most serious and harmful complication of vaccination against influenza is anaphylactic shock. Fortunately, this side effect is extremely rare.
- A fairly frequent unpleasant consequence of vaccination is pain, swelling and redness at the injection site.
Most of the side effects the patient forgets about a couple of days after the vaccination. And in order to avoid more serious and complex consequences, it is necessary to get acquainted with the list of contraindications before vaccination.
Who is against the flu vaccine?
Despite the large number of benefits, some groups of patients may not be vaccinated against influenza. An alternative method of protection against a disease is recommended in the following cases:
- First, it is strictly forbidden to get a flu shot from people suffering from colds or ARVI. Vaccination is allowed at least a month after recovery.
- Secondly, an inoculation against influenza is contraindicated to people with an allergy to chicken protein.
- Specialists are in no hurry to vaccinate patients who did not have a good previous vaccination.
- This method of preventing influenza is not recommended for people with diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems.
- Additionally, patients suffering from kidney and adrenal problems should consult.
- Vaccination against influenza Grippol and its analogs are contraindicated for chronic diseases of the lungs, bronchi and upper respiratory tract.
- You can not vaccinate babies.
- Asthma, anemia, hypertension and general cardiac
Insufficiency can also serve as a contraindication to vaccination.
As you can see, there are a lot of contraindications to vaccination against influenza for adults. Therefore, in order to really benefit the vaccination, the procedure must necessarily be consulted with specialists and with understanding to treat their detailed inquiries about the state of health and the transferred diseases.
Do not forget that the vaccine is not a panacea. To completely protect yourself against the flu, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle, for the time of the epidemic, to supplement your diet with nutritious foods, fruits and vegetables.
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Vaccination against influenza: contraindications. Do I need a flu vaccine?
Seasonal flu is a disease that affects millions of citizens annually. The most favorable time for the disease is autumn and winter, when human immunity is weakened and can not cope with viruses so effectively. Different strains of viruses can cause the development of an acute respiratory disease, but, despite the nature of the pathogen, the symptoms are very similar in all cases. The patient has a fever, a sore throat, a cold, a cough and a headache.
Inoculation against influenza
To prevent the onset of many infectious diseases, vaccination is given. After the opening of the first vaccine, doctors saved hundreds of millions of lives. Against the flu every year, millions of people are vaccinated, because the vaccine is today considered to be the main preventive method in the fight against infections.
Sometimes potential patients have a question: do I need a flu vaccine? The vaccine is a weakened viral material that can not reproduce in the body. When a vaccine material is introduced to a person whose set of proteins is identical to the active virus, his immune system starts producing antibodies against the virus.
Time for vaccination
To be vaccinated against the flu is best in the fall (from September to November), because the epidemic of the disease at this time is becoming a massive one. Inflammation is administered to children and adults. It is not recommended to vaccinate the vaccine in the spring or summer, as the amount of antibodies decreases with time, and the effect from it is not so strong.
You can get a vaccine against the flu even after the epidemic begins. If the vaccination was carried out and the next day the person was infected, the vaccine will not worsen the course of the disease. Much worse the flu will leak if such vaccinations are not done, even there is a risk of serious complications.
Who needs an inoculation
To date, inoculations are already done by infants from 6 months of age. There is a category of people who need a vaccination against the flu in the first place. In the high-risk zone, there are elderly people, patients who are on inpatient treatment, pregnant women. It is necessary to vaccinate children and adolescents (from 6 months to 18 years), especially if they have been using aspirin for a long time for the purpose of treatment. Such patients may have severe complications after the flu. This category includes people with kidney, lung, heart problems, metabolic disorders, patients with immunodeficiency, with hemoglobulinopathies, with staphylococcal infection, as well as students and schoolchildren, who are constantly in the community.
Vaccination against influenza: contraindications
The main material for the manufacture of the vaccine is chicken embryos. Not every organism is susceptible to them, and there are a number of cases when a flu vaccine is not recommended. Contraindications are primarily to those patients who suffer from an allergic reaction to chicken protein. It is not necessary to vaccinate people during the period of exacerbation of chronic diseases. Vaccination is undesirable for two weeks after the final recovery, because the body is weakened and may react incorrectly.
It is not necessary to inoculate patients with progressive forms of neurological diseases, as well as with an allergy to influenza vaccines.
What is the flu?
The disease belongs to the category of acute viral infections, is accompanied by a general infectious syndrome in severe form and affects the respiratory tract. Not all patients realize the full danger of this disease. In some cases, the flu begins with a cough, fever and a runny nose, and can end with the death of the patient. Statistics show that annually about 40 thousand people from developed countries die from the flu and complications caused by it.
Types of the causative agent of influenza
The causative agent of the virus is divided into three independent types: A, B and C. The constant mutation of the virus, which leads to a change in its antigenic structure, leads to the fact that qualitatively new varieties of the influenza virus actively appear and multiply. The danger for the population is that the immunity to them in the human body has not yet developed, so the virus affects the patient and can cause unpredictable complications. The transmission of the influenza virus from a sick person is carried out by airborne droplets, which allows it to spread to all categories of the population.
Influenza A type instantly spreads over vast areas and is pandemic or epidemic in nature. Local spread of the influenza B virus type allows recording its individual outbreaks and taking timely measures. Sporadic outbreaks of infections cause influenza type C.
Benefits of Inoculation
The vaccine helps the body develop a permanent immunity, which will help to avoid getting infected with the flu. If even a vaccinated person has taken up an infection, then the disease goes on without complications and in a lighter form than those who refused to vaccinate. Specific prophylaxis is carried out by live and inactivated vaccines. The vaccine against influenza for children over three years old is of domestic origin. Imported vaccines, which have all the necessary licenses, are intended for children between the ages of 6 to 12 months.
The maximum amount of antibody is reached 14 days after vaccination. The annual vaccination is explained by the fact that the vaccine provides the body with short-term immunity (6-12 months). Vaccination should be carried out before and during the epidemic season.
Vaccines against influenza
Vaccines aimed at fighting the flu are divided into several types. The first is live vaccines. They are made from strains of the virus that are safe for humans. With intranasal administration, they contribute to the development of local immunity. Vaccination before the beginning of the epidemic period. Live vaccines vary depending on who they are intended for - children or adults.
People who are older than 7 years are assigned inactivated vaccines. It is a concentrated and purified influenza virus, grown on chick embryos and inactivated by UV radiation and formalin. Inactivated vaccines include flu-like liquid chromatographic, centrifugal and eluate-centrifugal.
Subunit and split vaccines have domestic and imported varieties. These include drugs such as Grippol, Agrippal, Begrivac, Vaxigrip, Inffluvac, Fluarix.
Refusal of vaccination
Increasingly, people refuse to vaccinate. This is explained by the fact that often after vaccination against influenza, unwanted reactions of the organism to the material occur. Illiterate introduction, poor quality of the vaccine or non-compliance with the rules after vaccination leads to complications. Another reason for not taking vaccinations is that parents think this is harmful to the health of their child.
Refuse can be from all vaccinations or from some specific. Refusal to vaccinate against influenza should be argued and notified about this decision of employees of the polyclinic.
There are a number of cases when medical workers confirm that it is undesirable to vaccinate against influenza. Contraindications relate primarily to the health of the child, when he suffered a trauma or is ill. But after the state of the baby is normalized, the vaccine still has to be done.
To refuse the vaccination, you must write a special application in two copies (one for yourself, and the second for a school, kindergarten or polyclinic). The application must be registered in the institution's records of the institution, it must have: a deciphered signature, a number, a document number, a seal. It is also worth remembering that the refusal of vaccinations is a decision to take responsibility for the diseases against which vaccination is carried out.
Consequences of refusal of vaccinations
Not always refusing to vaccinate the flu (sample - below) is the right decision by the parents. Preventive vaccinations are protected by law, and their absence makes life difficult for citizens. Thus, they are prohibited from traveling to countries that require specific vaccinations. Citizens may be temporarily denied admission to health or educational institutions, especially if there is a threat of epidemics or infectious diseases. In the absence of the necessary vaccinations, citizens have problems in hiring, where there is a risk of contracting infectious diseases. In other words, non-vaccinated children and adults are not allowed into the collective if there are suspicions of an epidemic.
Effects of flu vaccination
Vaccination against influenza, contraindications to which have already been thoroughly studied, may also negatively affect human health. It is about the occurrence of side effects. Before you do the vaccination, you need to go through the examination and consult with your doctor. The maximum caution should be exercised in the case of vaccination of children, pregnant women and elderly people. Vaccination does not save from all diseases (in this case from influenza) at all, but it at times reduces the possibility of infection. Untimely vaccination can lead to flu. But even then, the disease will be much easier to transfer than by giving up the vaccine.
After vaccination, allergic reactions and chronic illnesses can become aggravated. To avoid this, you need to warn the doctor about their availability. Children should be vaccinated only healthy, because even a slight runny nose during vaccination can turn into a child's insomnia, loss of concentration and reduced immunity. Also, you must follow the rules of care for the vaccination, in order to avoid local problems on the skin. If the organism somehow reacted to previous vaccinations, then the following should be abandoned.
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Who should not get a flu shot
Opponents of the vaccination believe that it is possible to get rid of it from the flu. But this is just an absurd delusion. The vaccine itself can neither provoke its outbreak nor aggravate the disease if the vaccinated person is still clotted. On the contrary, it is transferred easier, passes faster and does not end with complications. True, vaccination would be the best protection against influenza, if not for some contraindications that limit its use.
Contra-indications for adults
If, for example, you transferred the flu vaccine last year badly, then it is clearly contraindicated to you. And it is better not to experiment, making repeated attempts.
All types of influenza vaccines are made on the basis of chicken protein. If you do not eat eggs of chickens, because they cause you to have allergic reactions, you will have to refuse vaccinations once and for all.
Some vaccines include antibiotics such as "Polymyxin" or "Gentamicin", "Neomycin" (and others of this series), as well as formaldehyde, octoxynol-9. They can cause the strongest allergy. These drugs, of course, are absolutely contraindicated to such a category of patients.
As for allergies, if the painful reactions occurred earlier on vaccinations against any other diseases, this type of prevention will have to be excluded.
The vaccine "Grippovac" has its own contraindications. These are immunodeficient conditions, cancerous tumors, diffuse connective tissue diseases (lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, etc.), severe diseases of the nervous system, adrenal lesions. Live vaccines that are introduced into the nasal cavity, in addition to all this, are contraindicated in pregnancy.
The patient at the time of vaccination should feel relatively healthy. You can not do it, if you experience malaise, the temperature is slightly increased, there are signs of a cold, even a slight rhinitis. Of course, vaccination is out of the question for acute infection.
Exacerbation of chronic diseases is also a contraindication, but temporary. Vaccination can be started as soon as it subsides or recuperation occurs. The vaccine should be determined only by a doctor.
Very rarely after the introduction of the vaccine, Guillain-Barre syndrome develops. This is an acute polyradiculitis with a partial loss of muscle sensitivity and restriction of movements. If it does not pass for a month and a half, vaccination should not be done.
There are diseases in which the issue of influenza vaccination in each case must be addressed with a doctor. Much depends on the stage of the disease, the severity of its course, complications. This bronchial asthma, hypertension, heart failure, kidney damage, diabetes, blood diseases.
Contraindications for children
You can not vaccinate against the flu of babies who have not turned six months old. But babies from 6 months to 2 years should be vaccinated, because at this age they do not yet have a stable immunity against viruses.
As adults, children are not allowed to be vaccinated for allergies to chicken protein, as well as for pseudo-allergy to cold. The introduction of the vaccine is excluded and with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Do not vaccinate children if they have had adverse reactions after previous vaccinations, even if they are very poorly expressed.
Check with your doctor
To vaccinate has only benefited, before doing it, consult your therapist. Did you have a good vaccination last year? But in a year a lot can change. And it is better to make sure that you do not have contraindications.
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