Review of antiviral drugs in cases of influenza and influenza
Any disease, especially ARVI and the Flu is easier, cheaper and safer not to treat, but not to prevent, to prevent its occurrence. Recently, especially worried about the "point" - it's safer. Should I take antiviral pills at all? In today's complex world, how to understand the issues:
- Will the effect of using an expensive antiviral drug?
- Which drug is better for adults to take flu, children?
- Do not it cause harm to health?
- Is there the best cure for flu?
- Effective antiviral drugs - is it advertising, business, dummy or not?
Antiviral drugs for Orvy on the Russian pharmaceutical market are as follows:
Virtually all antiviral drugs for orvi and flu have no evidence base for their antiviral efficacy. Studies are very expensive, conducted by the manufacturers themselves and those interested in the positive conclusion of the parties. Today, most clinical trials of new drugs are regularly falsified in order to bring "miraculous" drugs to the market with a new price tag. Given the fabulous commercial benefits of selling expensive antiviral drugs during the epidemic, honesty and objectivity of research is not believed. As you know, pharmacological publications, even in medical journals today, are about 90 percent - these are custom-made articles of an advertising nature.
Today in the pharmacy chains an abundance of various medicines, some of which in fact "Medicines" are not, because there are a lot of fakes, frank dummies and inefficient means. Advocates of patients' rights in Ukraine, for example, argue that in 4 drugs registered as antiviral - the active substance was not found. However, a wide advertising company allows producers to earn millions of hryvnias on them per year.
Antiviral drugs for Orvi are conventionally divided into:
- Vaccines - stimulation of the production of antibodies before infection with the virus
- Immunostimulants - drugs that temporarily enhance nonspecific immunity, which promote the production of interferons
- Antiviral drugs are agents that affect neuraminidase (a viral enzyme) by suppressing the multiplication of the virus (Oseltamivir, Zanamivir) and blockers of M2-channels Amantadine, Remantadin - these drugs have proven clinical effectiveness, but as any means have a number of side effects effects.
Most antiviral drugs for orvi and influenza are developed and applied no more than 10-40 years. The drug should have a greater "trial period" in order to draw a conclusion about its effectiveness and side effects. As for immunostimulants, these funds can have delayed consequences (development risks autoimmune diseases, oncological diseases of the blood, etc.) and should be prescribed according to strict indications.
Immunity modulators and antiviral agents
The immunostimulants produced today show the activation of immune reactions at the biochemical level (what is called "In vitro"), but their real benefits and long-term consequences of use are rather complex, poorly understood region. Since information on many mechanisms of immunity has become known relatively recently, scientists are getting more and more information about its functioning every year. Therefore, there is no confidence in the safety and correctness of general stimulation of the "under-researched" immune system (see Fig. what is immunity and whether drugs are needed to improve it). Especially prudent should be the preventive use of immunostimulants and the treatment with antiviral medicines for children.
"Pharmacy immunostimulants can not only help the body, but also harm" - says Ph.D. Tatyana Tikhomirova, immunologist-allergist. Such a state as hyperactivation of the immune system, as well as immunodeficiency is extremely dangerous, the human body functions normally only with the balance of the immune system. And if a person each time stimulates ("to increase self-immunity"), then, in the presence of predisposing factors, this may result in pathological inflammation, launching of immune aggression on healthy tissues, hyperactivation of the immune system and theoretically (in extreme cases) to the development of autoimmune or oncological disease.
If the next of kin has any autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent sugar diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, etc.), then under no circumstances should a person use any immunostimulants. Even if a person is healthy, there is already a violation of the immune system, and one can live with them all his life, but if he is rude and persistently try to stimulate their immune system, it can end with the debut of an autoimmune disease.
Fortunately, for most healthy people, without the presence of any predisposing factors, it is difficult to "achieve" your immunity so as to seriously damage your health. Since most of the known immunostimulants either do not work at all, or almost do not work. One part of the drugs - an ordinary deception, another - ineffective means. But it should be remembered that any drug has side effects.
| Drug Groups | Act | Names of drugs |
| Interferon preparations | Blockade of viral mRNA translation, presentation of viral antigens | Recombinant alpha / gamma interferons |
| Etiotropic means | Neuraminidase inhibitors |
|
| Ion channel blockers | Rimantadine (Remantadin, Orvirem) | |
| Antiviral drugs with varying degrees of evidence of action | Enabling synthesis endogenous interferons |
|
| Specific HA chaperone |
|
|
| NP-Protein Inhibitors |
|
Alexander Khadzhidis, Chief Clinical Pharmacologist, St. Petersburg states the following: "Some doctors for some reason first appoint patients antipyretic drugs, and then immunomodulators, supposedly for the production of interferon - which is illogical and generally is absurd. That is, first, knocking down the temperature - "forbid" the body to fight the virus (at high temperature, antibodies are produced against the virus and infection), and then artificially "forced" do.
In developed countries, interferonogens (drugs that stimulate the production of interferon) are not at all. Interferons can work only with parenteral (intravenous) administration, and even then, their effectiveness is questionable. In Russia, these drugs are extremely popular, despite the fact that they are useless.
With regard to antipyretics with the virus - to knock down the temperature better with paracetamol and once with a rise in temperature, rather than 4 p / day - "just in case." Taking Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in ARVI, especially in children under 12 years old, is contraindicated, it can become the cause of severe damage to the central nervous system and the liver, it is not recommended to apply it to those who suffered from peptic ulcer disease Gastrointestinal tract. "
Well-known in Russia doctor Alexander Myasnikov says that all immunomodulators widely advertised in our country are a waste of money. In the United States and Western Europe, it is already unequivocally recognized and proven that these remedies are ineffective, but most Russian doctors continue to believe in the power of immunomodulators in treating Orvi.
Cytovir 3
Pharmacological action: Integratedimmunostimulating, an antiviral drug,
has an interferonogenic effect. As part of the drug - Timogen sodium, ascorbic acid, bendazole. Timogen synthetically obtained dipeptide, it enhances the nonspecific resistance of the organism. Ascorbic acid normalizes the permeability of capillaries, reducing the activity of the inflammatory process. Bendazol stimulates the production of endogenous interferon in the body.Side effects: in people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia, causes a decrease in blood pressure.
Contraindications: in pregnancy, children under 1 year, thrombophlebitis, severe hypotension, diabetes mellitus, stomach ulcer, urolithiasis.
Issued: since 2001 in capsules, for children since 2006 in syrup, in powder for the preparation of solution
Research: There is no reliable information about clinical trials confirming its efficacy and safety. Often, doctors and pharmacists recommend this tool for children, but use it to treat children should be used with caution or not used at all.
References: Quite a lot of reviews in patients who use Citovir, about the effectiveness and absence of side effects. Improvement of well-being is observed on the second-third day, in single cases the drug did not help.
Price: Cytovir 3 - average240-580rub.
Kagocel
Pharmacological action: inducer of interferon synthesis, antiviral,immunomodulatingeffect. Composition: the sodium salt of the copolymer, which causes the formation of late interferon, which has high antiviral activity. The greatest effect occurs if you start treatment within the first 24 hours of the disease, but not later than the 4th day after the onset of an acute infection. With a view to prevention, it is possible to take it at any time, preferably immediately after contact with a sick Orvy or a flu.
Side effects: the emergence of allergic reactions.
It is issued: It is registered in 2003, since 2005 it is made in tablets, since 2011 it is resolved to use for children over 3 years old for the treatment of influenza, as an prevention for children can be used for children older than 6 years.
Research efficiency and safety: There is conflicting information. The active ingredient is the sodium salt of the gossypol copolymer with carboxymethyl cellulose.
And Gossipol itself is a natural polyphenol, it has been banned in the world since 1998 due to its toxicity. Gossypol for a long time and actively studied by some countries as a contraceptive, with its continued intake completely stops spermatogenesis. Chinese and Brazilian scientists say that host gossypol boys and men may suffer infertility in the future. However, Kagocel is not pure gossypol, it is the sodium salt of the copolymer, which has other properties that differ from the properties of the chemical itself.The manufacturer actively advertises the drug and claims that the salt in Kagocel is negligible, 4 times lower than the concentration from the international standards allowed. Multiple stages of purification of the product ensure the absence of free Gossypol in the final drug, which is checked by monitoring the quality of each series of Kagocel tablets. The method used to check the availability of free gossypol is very accurate, it can reveal its content higher, 036%. In early 2013, data were published on tests performed on rats - no changes in reproductive function were detected in animals.
That is, research on primates was not done? It is known that gossypol for different animal species has its maximum dose of toxicity, according to the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) for rats the limiting toxic dose is 2200-3300 mg / kg.,for pigs 550, for guinea pigs up to 300 mg / kg. The research carried out by the manufacturer consisted in the administration of therapeutic doses to male rats, and doses 25 times higher than therapeutic doses250 mg / kg). Can you trust the rest of the statements and "studies"?
Neither in Western Europe nor in the United States Kagocel is not used, there are no WHO medicines on the list. The effectiveness of the drug is not proven according to the representatives of the Formulary Committee of the RAMS and SDMX. There were no statistical studies on the development of side effects as of autumn 2013.
The drug is actively recommended for use by adults and children, but evidence of the safety of this medicines for children 3-6 years old no, clinical studies for this age group are not was produced.
Reviews: Many help, some children and adults are allergic reactions in the form of rashes, swelling, itching.
Price: Kagocel - average180-280rub. In 2012, the volume of sales amounted to - 2.64 billion. rubles
Tyloron (Amiksin, Lavomax)
Pharmacological action: active ingredient Tiloron, possesses antiviral andimmunomodulatingaction, it is a synthetic inducer of interferon that stimulates the formation of interferons alpha, beta, gamma.
Side effects: short-term chills, allergic reactions, contraindicated in breastfeeding and pregnancy.
Issued: almost 40 years ago, children under 7 years of age are strictly prohibited.
Research: The benefits of the drug are unquestionable for both treatment and prevention of viral diseases, but this can overlap with potential harm to the body. In the 80's in the US, after tests on mice, the drug was banned, as it had a highly toxic effect,in experimental animals, retinal bundle, liver lipidosis and other side effects were observed. It does not apply in the US and the European Union. In our country, continue to produce antiviral Amiksin and doctors appoint it to patients.
A small study involved 14 patients who received tilorone in a dose of 152 and 189 g, in 2 the drug caused keratopathy and retinopathy (while the visual acuity did not decrease), these effects were reversible. The authors of the study concluded about the potential danger of the drug for health.
Reviews: The occurrence of allergic reactions, the high cost of medicine.
Price: Amiksin - on average500-560rub. Sales volume in 2012 amounted to 7 billion. rub.
Additionally! Medicines, the so-called immunomodulators - Lycopid, Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon, Proteflazide, Timogen, Panavir, Isoprinosine, Neovir, Groprinosin and others. - should not be used to treat children (for various diseases) without immunograms and serious indications as they do not have the proper clinical trials of efficacy and safety in the treatment children.
Antiviral drugs
Below are just some of the antiviral medications from Orvi, reviews about them, a brief description, comments on known studies of their effectiveness, the average price in pharmacies.
Ingavirin
Pharmacological action: active substance imidazolylethanamide pentandioic acid. It is active against adenovirus infection, influenza A, B, respiratory syncytial infection, parainfluenza. It is an immunomodulator that affects the functional activity of the interferon system.
Side effects: allergic reactions
Contraindicated: children under 18 years.
Produced: as a drug for the treatment of influenza and orgi from 2008, before that, according to prof. Vlasova Vasilia Vitaglutam (imidazolylethanamide pentane diacid) was used in Russia before 2008 as a stimulant for hematopoiesis in cancer patients receiving an anticancer therapy.
Research: According to the manufacturers, the idea of producing Ingavirin arose in the 1980s, but Only after many years of research into its safety and efficacy was the drug submitted for registration by 2008 year. When Vitaglutam was used in patients with oncological diseases, there was no convincing evidence of its effectiveness. And when in 2008 Ingavirin appeared on the pharmaceutical market without full-fledged studies, the "epidemic of swine flu" began in the country, therefore Ingavirin was actively sold. The drug was recommended by the Ministry of Health and Social Development, even despite the absence of placebo-controlled studies, reasonable evidence of its effectiveness.
One study conducted at 105!!! of patients with confirmed influenza showed the following results:
- Receiving ingavirin reduced the duration of fever to 3 hours (if used in the first 1 days after the onset of the disease)
- In the placebo group, this is 72 hours
- In the group taking Arbidol - 48 hours
Analyzing the duration and intensity of flu symptoms - weakness, headache, dizziness in patients with ingavirin was confirmed to reduce the severity of the disease, side effects are not revealed.
In May 2009, Alexander Chuchalin, chief therapist of the Russian Federation, (he led a team of drug developers) gave an interview to the magazine Ogonek: "The new antiviral agent Ingavirin efficiency is much higher than that of the AmericanTamiflu. The Russian drug is quickly and easily integrated into the genome of the A / H1N1 virus, immediately destroying it. It is also effective with other dangerous viruses. "
Reviews: Most drug does not help, isolated cases confirm the reduction in the timing of the disease.
Price:380-460rub. From January to June 2010, the sales volume of Ingavirin was 220 million. rubles, 467 thousand packages were sold.
Arbidol
Pharmacological action: Antiviral, has the ability to suppress viruses of influenza A and B, SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, associated coronavirus. Arbidol is also used in the complex therapy of acute rotavirus intestinal infections.
Active substance: Methylphenylthiomethyl-dimethylaminomethyl-hydroxybromoindole carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
Side effects: use of children under 3 years is prohibited, individual
allergic reactions.Produced: invented in 1974, in 1992, it began its industrial production.
Research: Until 2013 there was no convincing evidence in its effectiveness and safety. Studies conducted in the USSR have not been published. In Russia in 2008, a study of 300 people showed that Viferon was more effective than Arbidol. In 2004, in China, tests for 230 patients with symptoms of Orvi showed it was not effective, in contrast to Tamiflu and Ingaverin. In 2009, in the journal of the UK "Antiviral Research the authors of the research stated that strains resistant to Arbidol are formed less frequently than those of Remantadine and Amantadine.
The Office of Quality Control of US Medicines denied registration of Arbidol in the United States, and WHO has never considered this drug as an effective antiviral drug.
Update on the drug: At the end of 2013, the World Health Organization Arbidol (umifenovir) as an antiviral drug with a direct effect, assigning it an individual code J05AX13. Thus, Pharmstandard received a nominal permission for widespread use of the drug on the territory of the Russian Federation, where Arbidol is included in the standards of treatment and prevention of influenza and ARVI in children and adults.
Nevertheless, the multicenter test of the effectiveness of Arbidol, which was planned to be completed in 2013, has not been completed to this day, and its terms have been postponed to 2015. The results of this test, which has serious sponsors and does not suffer from a shortage of patients, could put a dot over I in the arbidol epic, but for unknown reasons this is not occurs. I.eevidence of effectiveness is not present until now, it remains to wait ...
Reviews: The same number of positive reviews and opinions about the ineffectiveness of its use. There are isolated cases of allergic reactions in the form of dermatitis, angioedema, pain in the epigastric region.
Price: Arbidol - on average130-710rub. In 2012, the volume of sales - more than 5 billion. rub.
Tamiflu
Pharmacological action: an antiviral drug, which includes oseltamivir carboxylate (active metabolite), suppresses influenza A and B viruses. When Orvi is not effective.
Side effects: Nausea, insomnia, diarrhea, dizziness, lethargy, cough, headaches, with caution to pregnant women and lactation. Contraindicated for children under 1 year.
Produced: since 1996, the pharmaceutical company "F. Hoffmann-La Roche "registered the right to develop
preparations containing oseltamivir.Research: Tamiflu has a disadvantage - it complicates the diagnosis, because side effects are similar to the symptoms of influenza. It is dangerous in the epidemic period with long-term admission. Optimum effective only short-term use - a few days at the beginning of the flu. Independent researchers demanded a standard report from the Swiss manufacturer of 4-5 research modules. To which the pharmaceutical company provided only the first modules, repeated requests for full information were never satisfied.
Since 2004, cases of neuropsychic disorders began to be registered, more often in children and adolescents, who took Tamiflu during influenza - hallucinations, nightmares, confusion, convulsions, anxiety, etc.
Japanese postmarketing studies of this drug in 2006 have indicated a risk of developing impaired consciousness in humans - psychosis, depression, suicidal tendencies, especially in children. And there were also 54 deaths after Tamiflu, 16 of which were in adolescents 10-19 years (15 killed suicide, 1 died, hitting a car), the rest died of kidney failure (it is possible that due to severe flu).
The latest information about this drug:Back in April 2014, the Cochrane Society (an independent health research network) represented by Tom Jefferson and the British Medical the journal published data from the Cochrane review of studies that did not confirm the efficacy of Tamiflu and Relenza in the treatment and prevention influenza. Also, the efficacy of reducing influenza complications with these drugs has also been questioned. The firm attempts of Roche firm to fight back with a firm promise to provide undeniable evidence in the form of results of randomized trials have so far not been successful. Evidence is expected to present.
April 10, 2014, the Cochrane Collaboration website published the results of these 26 clinical trials Relenza and 20 clinical trials of Tamiflu, in which 2, 00 people participated.
As a result of the research it was found that:
- Oseltamivir as a preventive agent slightly reduces the risk of developing influenza in families, without reducing the ability of the influenza virus to be transmitted from person to person.
- The duration of symptoms is reduced by 16 hours (from 7 to, days), in children this effect is absent altogether.
- The drug has no effect on the risk of serious complications (sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, bronchitis), that is, does not reduce the likelihood of complications.
- The medicine is recognized as sufficiently toxic, increasing the risk of nausea, vomiting in both children and adults.
- When used for preventive purposes, the drug was dangerous to health, because it leads to mental disorders, impaired renal function, in some cases found that it helps to reduce the production of their own antibodies to the virus.
Based on these studies, health officials of the world's leading countries should decide to stop mass procurement of antiviral drugs with the current substance Oseltamivir due to the high risk of side effects and low effectiveness as a medicine for the therapy and prevention of influenza virus in the period epidemic.
reference: only on the basis of the claims of the manufacturer Tamiflu that the drug significantly reduces the risk of serious complications and hospitalization of patients during the epidemic, countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States in 2009 in connection with the epidemic of swine flu, these drugs were purchased at 40 million doses (The USA, bln. dollars, Great Britain 424 million. f.St.).
Based on recent data on the low efficacy and non-safety of this antiviral agent, an international group experts in evidence-based medicine called on the governments of the world's leading countries to stop mass purchases of Tamiflu and Relenza.
Reviews: There are enough reviews about side effects in the form of vomiting, dizziness, psychosis, headache. The effectiveness of influenza is confirmed by many.
Price: Tamiflu-on average1200-1300rub.
Remantadine (Rimantadine)
Pharmacological action: antiviral drug, an adamantane derivative, suppresses various strains of the influenza A virus (swine flu including).
Side effects: contraindicated in pregnant women, children under 1 year. Reduces concentration of attention, causes dizziness, nervousness, headache, increased fatigue, nausea, vomiting, dryness in
mouth.Produced: information on the first uses of the drug are known since 1968.
Research: The tests were conducted from 1981 to 2006, mainly they showed a lower toxicity of Remantadine in comparison with Amantadine. One study showed the effectiveness of preventing Amantadine influenza infection by 61% in compared with the placebo group and in the event that a person fell ill, then for 1 day reduced febrile syndrome. In the same study, he was compared to Tamiflu, he gave an efficacy of 73% of the placebo group. Rimantadine (Remantadine) is currently considered a drug with proven clinical efficacy, but the possible resistance to it of some strains of the influenza virus.
Reviews: There are reviews that Remantadin causes side effects - dizziness, tachycardia, bitterness in the mouth. In general, the reviews are positive.
Price: Remantadine - average50-150rub.
It is during the flu (including swine) with the first symptoms of therapists and pediatricians recommend: adults - Remantadin, Tamiflu. Children over 1 year old are shown by Orvir (rimantadine syrup), Viferon. Children older than 8 years can - Remantadin (in the table), Tamiflu.
Interferon preparations
Interferons are informant proteins, which are excreted by cells infected with viruses. They seem to inform other cells about the infection and the required inactivation of the virus. Alpha interferons produce lymphocytes, beta - fibroblasts. In addition to Viferon, the alpha group includes Intron, Reaferon, Kipferon.
Viferon
The creation of the drug was scientifically justified in the period 1990-1995. group of scientists of the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. N.F. Gamaleia under the guidance of prof. Malinovskaya V.V.Since December 1996 on the basis of the same SRI, serial production of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in suppositories begins. Viferon - a candle with a different content of the active substance.
Application:
- Viferon-1 (150000 IU) is designed for babies from birth to 7 years. It is used in ARVI, herpetic infection, as an additional remedy for prolonged pneumonia or sepsis, including in preterm infants with intrauterine infections. The drug is given a course for 5 days. Children under 7 years are recommended 1 candle 2 times a day. Preterm, born on a period of more than 34 weeks - as children under 7 years. With a shorter gestation period - 1 candle three times a day. If necessary, after a five-day break, the course can be repeated for another 5 days.
- In children older than seven years, an adult drug in candles for 50, 00 IU is used twice a day for five days. Possible use of viferon in pregnant women.
- Candles with viferon content of , 0, 00 and , 0, 00 IU are used in the treatment of viral hepatitis and herpetic infections.
- The preparation in the form of ointment is intended for the therapy of herpes on the skin and mucous membranes in adults and children older than a year.
Side effects: the main side effect of drugs viferon may be an allergic reaction, which happens infrequently.
Research: As for the effectiveness of the drug, it is not included in list A of evidence-based pharmacology. I.e,wide randomized trials in humans consistent with international standards were not performed. However, a positive practical experience of treatment with viferon in pediatric practice is available. (By the way, nitroglycerin also does not have randomized studies that prove its effectiveness, which does not make it an ineffective first-line drug for stenocardia). Publications of these clinical trials of the drug are available only in Russian and were conducted only in domestic clinics. Value for money allows pediatricians to recommend a drug for ARVI treatment in children younger than seven years. For adults in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, the drug is of limited use because of rectal administration and the availability of alternative drugs.
The main arguments of the opponents of the drug:
- high molecular weight of protein molecules that can not be absorbed in the gut
- lack of clinical trials that meet international standards.
Kipferon
In candle light a little expensive for the treatment of common colds. Therefore, it is replaced by viferon. But, with severe forms of intestinal dysbiosis in children of the first two years of life, the drug shows good clinical results.Studies: Randomized trials were not conducted, that is, the drugrefers to the list of drugs with unproven effects. The main claims:
- High molecular weight, which prevents normal absorption
- Adding to the drug components of the donor blood, which can cause fever and allergies.
Cycloferon
Cycloferon was originally registered as a veterinary drug in 1993 for the treatment of animals with viral infections, in 1995 it was already honey. a drug.
The drug Cycloferon is approved for use in adults and children older than four years. Produced in solution for injection, tablets, liniment. Refers to immunomodulating drugs, is an inducer of interferon, enhancing its production and exhibiting antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties.
Application: on the territory of the Russian Federation is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, viral hepatitis, herpes infection, human papillomaviruses and other urological and gynecological pathologies (eg, candidiasis, chlamydia).
Contraindications: The drug is not recommended for pregnant and lactating. May cause an allergic reaction.
Research: Cycloferon is an immunostimulant that stimulates the immune system and the production of interferons. To date, allclinical trialsthis drug, published in the medical literature,were conducted only in the territory of the Russian Federation and do not meet international standards.
There are no serious clinical trials for cycloferon that would prove its effectiveness or refuted the absence of long-term adverse effects of this drug (development of autoimmune diseases). It is not superfluous to recall that all drugs that are on the pharma market for less than five years are still at the fifth level pharmacological tests and it is quite possible to identify previously unknown undesirable effects from drugs such series. In the presence of newly identified harmful effects, the drug will be withdrawn from the pharmacy networks and discontinued, and most of those who have been treated with this remedy and have earned some disruptions in health are unlikely to receive at least some compensation.
Conclusions:
Ineffectiveness of antiviral agents due to the stability of strains of the virus
The lack of a positive effect with the use of certain antiviral drugs for influenza is possible, and because there are drug-resistant viruses and a specific influenza strain may already be resistant to a particular drug (eg, Remantadin).
Other treatments and placebo effect
It is also possible that patients whose reviews indicate the efficacy of such remedies were quickly recovered by other methods of symptomatic treatment, and the placebo effect is not excluded (cf. amazing facts about placebo).
Strong immunity
In a healthy organism, after 2-3 days, the immune system produces enough protective antibodies against the virus, it does not need additional medicines. It is enough to comply with all the known rules - bed rest, plentiful hot drink, vitaminized foods and drinks, clean air in the patient's room, gargling, etc.
Rapid recovery with antiviral drugs
In various life situations, reducing the duration of the disease even for one day can be very important, for example - wedding day, urgent business trip, important business deal, exam, interview and etc. It is in such cases that the use of antiviral drugs, which reduce the duration of the illness by 2-3 days, may make sense.
There are no adequate studies
Absence of benign studies on the study of effectiveness and side effects (on a large group of people, different ages, during long time), most antiviral agents from Orvi and influenza suggest the caution of their use or even the rejection of them.
Do not spend money on pacifiers
Spending money, in some cases, considerable, on drugs with unproved efficacy, side effects, questionable safety, perhaps, is not advisable. Any medicine, even useless or empty, can damage the body.
Video transmission: How the placebo effect works
- sec: 4 min. - about what means are usually prescribed by doctors
- with 2: 0 - about the effect of placebo on the work of the immune system
- with 3: 7 - about the high effect of placebo in children
- with 3: 5 - about preparations-pustachki, appointed or nominated at ORVI
- with 3: 0 - about homeopathy and antiviral drugs in ARVI
- with 4: 7 - on how modern research is conducted
zdravotvet.ru
Prompt a medicine for a flu.
Answers:
Inessa
absolutely safe tablets based on herbs "Mukaltin" help with coughing. Flu
Flu is a type of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). However, it is often considered separately from other diseases of this group, since it differs from them especially heavy current, the presence of severe complications and can result in fatal outcome.
The latter is more relevant to certain groups of people:
* children (especially young children);
* older people (over 60);
* Patients with chronic severe heart diseases (heart diseases, coronary heart disease, severe arterial hypertension) and lungs (bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema).
Therefore, it is these categories of people who must first of all use the means of preventing influenza and are especially attentive to the doctors in case of flu.
Symptoms of influenza:
* The main symptom is a high temperature (up to 4 degrees), which lasts for several days (up to 5);
* Against the background of the temperature there is a headache (mainly in the front part - forehead, eyes, whiskey), aches in the whole body, first of all - in the legs;
* A little later, dry cough joins (tracheitis sign).
Runny nose, sore throat is not characteristic. Also, with the flu there is no diarrhea, if it does, it is either another infection (eg, enterovirus), or a side effect of drugs. Nausea or vomiting can be, especially in young children, they are associated with intoxication.
Like other SARS, the flu does not require special treatment, since there are no effective agents effective for the influenza virus with 100% effect. Antiviral drugs, listed below, contribute to a faster disappearance of symptoms.
The best means of confronting the flu is its prevention. It includes:
* Inoculations against influenza (every year influenza vaccines are issued taking into account the expected strain of the virus) - a very high level of reliability of prevention;
* isolation of patients from non-diseased, the use of personal protective equipment (gauze masks on the face) are effective, but ideally (in fact, it is difficult to strictly adhere to this regime).
The use of preventive medicines does not provide a reliable guarantee against the disease.
Treatment of influenza includes antiviral drugs (referred to above), symptomatic treatment (painkillers, antipyretic drugs), plentiful drink (since at an elevated temperature, a lot of liquid is lost during breathing and sweating) and mode. Bed rest is very important to observe during the entire period of high temperature, since it is the failure to observe this condition often proves to be fraught with complications.
Ascorbic acid and vitamins do not play any role in the prevention and treatment of influenza.
Antipyretic and analgesic drugs are best used only in cases of high temperature (above 39 degrees), except for persons at risk (see p. above), with severe head and muscle pain.
Olgeşa
ocilococcinum, this is the best medicine for today in our market. It is not an antibiotic, it is homeopathic, treats for 3 days. It is checked up on itself.
Olga Valeryevna
Antigrippin and ocillococcinum! Get well!)
NATALI
Eto vse gonevo!!! KOLDFLJU!!! 100% pomozhet! Provereno!
Artem Tsytsyn
In such cases it is necessary to prick injections. Against viruses, Pinicles for example, and necessarily vitamins. B12, B, ATF.
Svetlana Bilić
There are no drugs for influenza, unfortunately. There is only supportive and immunotherapy. With high t-re every 4 hours (not more often) paracetamol, in the intervals you can nurofen (advil, ibuprofen). Drink a lot. Tea with lemon, fruit drinks, juices, mineral water without gas. Vitamin C 1000 units per day. Be sure to get well in bed! The virus itself can be dangerous, but complications after it are especially dangerous, kidneys, heart suffer. The flu must be left out. Get well!
Madina Garankina (Kazbekova)
hello, brother in misfortune!
I have a week worse and worse every week. and all medicines do not help (neither antiviral lekartsvennye, nor homeopathic) yesterday won antibiotics have appointed sumamed - 3 tablets any for 500 r - but che-any reaction in an organism on detected ...
Personal Cabinet Removed
Ocilococcinum, influiferon, cycloferon
Leonid Gontarev
and I use the new domestic Immunostimulus. The doctor recommended. But this, so as not to get sick. And at a temperature of 40 already antibiotics it is time to drink
Yuri Apalko
NOW, a VERY TERRIBLE VIRUS OF SWINE GRYPA WAITS, IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BE DISCOVERED PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE, ALREADY ABOUT 50 PEOPLE DESTROYED FROM HIM. Therefore, my advice to you is to urgently go to the doctors, it's possible to register with the doctors here. http://docdoc.ru/?pid=5531 LIKE A COUPLE MINUTE, TIME WITH SUCH VIRUS IS VERY LIMITED, ADVICE TO HURRY.
Yevgenia Roganova
I am more, all are on the side of preventive drugs. I'm sure that now there are ways to protect your body and prevent flu. For example, there is a good ointment, called evamenol. So, it's just great protection. I before her exit from the house I am smeared and in the underground already without fear to get ill I come.
Alexandra Shevtsova
Amiksin! 10 tablets 125 mg
There are 6 tablets
Anya Fedorova
I agree! Amiksin is a thing in general. really very fast effect, a couple of days on the flu and do not remember
Which pills are more effective against flu?))
Answers:
Irinka
looking at the flu... if the symptoms are very severe... cough and all the rest, then Arbidol... and if the initial stage, then I'm very well helped by Oscillococcinum... it is possible still tsitovir-3... And as rubbing, tea with malinka or honey and a bed mode))) the prompt convalescence ...
ARINA
Rince helps me a lot.
Severinka
Arbidol, a drug specifically against the flu
Artem Kanunnikov
drops of naphthyzine and hot wine for the night grams so 200)))
Olga Pushin
antigripin, influferon, in fact, any drugs with pheromone in the most effective flu, get well!
Lenochka
Soluble drinking is better than tablets. I drink GripeksMaks, after 2-3 days is healthy.
Wolga
ciprolet.. antibiotic. but we must first check for him the reaction of the body.. and so.. 5 days and all as it was ..
marjam
arbidol + kagocel. start taking nada in the first three days from the onset of the illness.
there was somewhere a scheme of reception, lost, damn ..
Mhlu
Try massage:
STRENGTHENING ANTIVOVIRUS IMMUNITY
Strengthening antiviral immunity should begin with the strengthening of antimicrobial immunity, that is, rub hands and feet. Signal of the presence of the virus in the body and weakened antiviral immunity is the usual headache, or headache, which is detected when tapping the head with cams with moderate force or with a half-liter plastic bottle filled, without bubbles air, water. And now consider the way to strengthen antiviral immunity: 1) We find all the painful areas on the head and begin to massage them. Usually soreness accumulates in the region of the occipital mounds, there are painful whiskeys, the area temporomandibular joint, this joint is in front of the ear canal, the inner upper corner of the eye socket, forehead area. Many people note the occurrence of a headache together with pain in the eye, in the eyes, therefore it is necessary to manipulate the index finger with the pain of the eye through the eyelid. Many, perhaps, will find their special painful points. All the painful points must be massaged from day to day until the soreness disappears from the pressure, for this you will need, from the strength of the week, two, and perhaps you will have their terms. It all depends on your diligence and the degree of neglect of the body. 2) The next method for strengthening the antiviral immunity is tapping the head with jaws or plastic (preferably from under "SPRAYT") a half-liter bottle of water, from day to day, until the pain disappears completely. head. The number of procedures per day can be increased to ten, the duration of the procedure of tapping is different and individual. To begin with, you can tap 3-5 minutes with little force. As the pain in the head decreases, the intensity of the effect increases. 3) Strengthen antiviral immunity can be, if you use more and sneeze. Spontaneous sneezing in a viral infection is just the pure self-healing reflex to the introduction of the virus into the body with a cold. But, when we have comprehended this, we can, already consciously irritating the nasal mucosa to the sneeze, thereby contributing to the strengthening of antiviral immunity, and getting rid of the headache. It is desirable to do and periods of the epidemic of the influenza virus, in order to prevent ARVI. The number of sneezes can be increased from 10 to 20 times a day. Direct the air flow by sneezing preferably through the nose. Irritate the nasal mucosa conveniently with earwax or bury in the nose 4-5 drops of fresh aloe juice or calanchoe 3-4 times a day; the juices of these plants irritate the nasal mucosa and cause multiple sneezing. Some may experience irritation of the nasal mucosa with pepper or snuff.
What is the most effective medicine for flu and cold?
Answers:
Christina
it is from these Arbidol recommended. Antiviral immunostimulating. Since the initial stage, then 2X2 times a day and so 5 days (2 packs)
BLONDE IN CHOCOLATE
We strongly recommend taking antiviral drugs in ARVI. The most optimal from the point of view of efficiency and safety is arbidol. It has a complex mechanism of action. First, arbidol blocks the multiplication of influenza viruses and ARVI. Secondly, it stimulates in the body the production of interferon, an antiviral protein, through which the body fights against the viruses on its own. Thirdly, it improves the state of the immune system and, thereby, strengthens antiviral protection. Thanks to Arbidol, any cold is easier, without complications and there is no post-viral asthenia syndrome. So they call loss of strength, weakness, dizziness and headaches, which persecute us after the disease.
Arbidol is one of the safest drugs. No serious side effect in connection with the use of arbidol has been reported. Therefore, it can be taken and children. This, in fact, a family drug. And buy it better in advance so that it is always at hand. It is not difficult to do this, because arbidol is sold without a prescription.
Tanya kozina
try the dog's fat, how to rub. and take with food,
ANGELOCHEK
yes, these drugs actually help, but only in the first two days, then there is no sense. but I always struggle with temperature - paracetamol (this is an innocuous preparation), plentiful drink, and necessarily a lemon, honey, jam with a currant (in it a lot of useful). good luck
Tatyana Vasilek
An abundant vitaminized drink, at night - a drink: hot tea with raspberry jam, honey, lemon and 1-2 tbsp. spoons of vodka. If a severe cough - inhalation with sage or eucalyptus. Still have foot mustard baths. Wrap up, and sleep until morning.
Sveta Petrova
For me, Amiksin probably the most effective remedy for ARVI. I certainly follow and general recommendations such as bed rest, copious drink, etc., but with Amiksin get better at times faster, for 3 days as a rule. So the remedy is really worthwhile.
What can be treated for swine flu?
In today's life, it is necessary to clearly understand what is swine flu, what to treat this disease, what complications it can give.
Basically, swine flu begins just like a normal virus or an acute respiratory disease. To understand if a person is infected with influenza A, a blood test must be performed.Prevention of swine flu
The primary signs of infection with swine flu are similar to those of normal influenza. There is a slight pain in the throat and hoarseness of the voice, begins to pinch in the eyes, as if there is sand. After a while there are painful sensations in the joints and head.Infection with swine flu occurs:
- when in contact with a sick person;
- airborne droplets.
Symptoms of swine flu:
- rapid increase in body temperature, which is almost impossible to knock;
- the head is very painful;
- general weakness of the body and pain in the joints throughout the body;
- very strong cough;
- stuffy nose;
- sore throat is tearing;
- there are cases of vomiting and nausea.
There are some measures to prevent swine flu:
- coughing or sneezing, you need to cover with a napkin, which should immediately be thrown into the garbage;
- it is often necessary to wash hands with soap;
- Do not touch your nose and eyes with unwashed hands;
- in addition to washing, the hands must be constantly treated with a disinfectant alcohol;
- Do not get in touch with an infected person;
- do not need to be in crowded places without the need;
- It is necessary to use a gauze dressing before going out of the room to the street.
But it happens that even with all the preventive methods, infection occurs. Then you need to urgently go to the hospital to avoid complications.
Treatment of swine flu
We can say that there is only one effective drug that can overcome the flu virus. This is oseltamivir (another name is Tamiflu). Of course, there is another drug, but in Russia it is not on sale. It is a means for inhalation, like zanamivir.Tamiflu can block neuraminidase (N), that is, a protein that triggers the onset of the flu. This drug can not be used for any disease, because it can cause a lot of side effects. Yes, and it is expensive. Tamiflu is recommended for use in cases of severe disease, it is prescribed to people at the so-called risk group. It includes pensioners, diabetics or asthmatics. If the doctor has prescribed Tamiflu, then it is worthwhile to go to the hospital for treatment, to be constantly monitored by doctors.
But taking medication is not going to be treated. For effective recovery, you must follow the rules. Here are the main ones:
- You do not need to eat much, basically it is recommended that light, carbohydrate-rich foods.
- It is necessary to drink plenty of fluids. Drinking should be non-flammable (about 37 °). Drink worthy teas, juices, fruit drinks and various broths. You can use special solutions: human, touring, rehydron and the like. It is sold in any pharmacy.
- Nose should be washed with salt solutions.
- High body temperature can be brought down only by drugs that have paracetamol or ibuprofen in their composition. Aspirin in the influenza virus is practically useless. Pregnant women are best treated with paracetamol, which has minimal side effects for fetal development.
Antibiotics for viral diseases are strictly forbidden to use.They contribute to the development of complications in the body.
There are situations when it is just necessary to call a doctor, because the disease is a threat to human life. Here are the symptoms in which it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance:
- After 3 days of illness, there are no symptoms of improvement;
- After a week of illness, the body temperature still rises;
- if a short-term improvement occurred, and then the disease gained new momentum;
- the skin becomes pale, shortness of breath, purulent discharge and severe pain in any part of the body;
- Coughing attacks increase, sputum is not excreted in the process of coughing;
- body temperature can not be knocked down even by paracetamol or ibuprofen;
- the person loses consciousness;
- there are convulsions of the limbs;
- vomiting and pain in the head;
- the neck swells;
- there is a rash on the body.
The World Health Organization has been working for a long time and has published an instruction on the use of drugs against viral infections. Particular attention is paid to oseltamivir and zanamivir. These drugs make it possible to avoid death from complications of H1N1 influenza, and also significantly reduce the period of patients' stay in hospitals.
It is known that people who are sick with swine flu recover for the second week of illness, with no special treatment required. If the disease does not have complications, people should not take antiviral drugs.
The doctor must decide on the method of treating the patient only after a complete examination.
But with a pandemic influenza virus, a sick person should be treated immediately, without waiting for all test results.
.Doctors recommend every year to do preventive vaccination against swine flu. This significantly reduces the risk of contracting this disease.
Complications after swine flu
If you do not start treatment for the flu on time, then you should expect serious complications of the disease. With swine flu, they can appear on the second day of the disease. The main complications are:- Viral pneumonia.
It often causes death of the disease. This disease affects the lung tissue and is not treated with antibiotics. Viral pneumonia causes heart, lung and kidney failure.
The patient's condition with viral pneumonia deteriorates rapidly. Within a day there is a complication of breathing. If you do not carry out ventilation, the patient may suffocate. This complication must quickly begin to be treated with special antiviral drugs, which will help to survive.
- Other lighter complications (sinusitis, otitis, renal failure, convulsions, myocarditis or pericarditis, asthma, as well as diseases of the cardiovascular system).
It can be concluded that swine flu is not so terrible. It practically does not differ from seasonal flu in either symptomatology or treatment. If the effective treatment is carried out in time, then the flu virus does not pose a threat to the life of the patient.
People with H1N1 flu should take their condition very seriously. Adhere to bed rest, drink plenty of fluids, adhere to a certain diet, knock down the body heat with effective antipyretic agents. You also need to remember the precautionary measures. In no case can you contact other people, use common utensils to avoid contamination of family members or acquaintances.
.There are no special medicines for swine flu. This viral infection is treated in the same way as other types of influenza, which there is a huge amount.
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