The protrusion of the spinal discs, what is it? symptoms, treatment

Protrusion of the intervertebral disc: symptoms and treatment

The protrusion is the swelling of the intervertebral disc between the vertebral bodies while maintaining its anatomical integrity.

This medical definition sounds unclear. To understand what it is a protrusion of the disc, you need to turn to the structure of the human spine.

Protrusion from the point of view of anatomy

The vertebral column consists of separate bones - vertebrae, whose bodies are interconnected by a cartilaginous layer, called the intervertebral disc. Due to it, the spine simultaneously has stability and mobility.

Each intervertebral cartilage is similar in shape to a magnifying lens. Although its structure seems homogeneous, it is divided into 2 parts:

• a fibrous ring located at the periphery;
• gelatinous nucleus, located in the center.

Fibrous ring consists of strong fibrous cartilage. It performs a supporting function and connects the vertebrae to each other.

The gelatinous nucleus is formed from an elastic substance and serves as a shock absorber.

A healthy disc has elasticity and elasticity, it allows it to withstand the load that is on the spinal column with the weight of a person and movements.

Under the influence of a number of reasons, the intervertebral cartilage can dehydrate, lose its elasticity, decrease in height. Microcracks appear in its fibrous ring. All this leads to a weakened attachment of the vertebrae to each other.

The most common protrusions of the lumbar spine (46%) and lumbosacral (48%). This is due to the heavy workload they are experiencing.

Approximately 6% of cases is protrusion of the cervical spine.

The rarest type is the damage to the intervertebral disc of the thoracic region, which is due to its limited mobility.

Causes of development

The protrusion of intervertebral discs develop as a result of:

1. destruction of their structure;
2. injury.

Disorders of the structure of the intervertebral disc

Most often it develops due to osteochondrosis of the spine. Under osteochondrosis is meant involutionary, that is, gradual destructive, processes in the spinal column.

The intervertebral disc approximately up to the age of 20 years has blood vessels that nourish it and provide a quick recovery.

After 20 years, the vessels gradually overgrow, and the disk receives the necessary substances directly from the bodies of the vertebrae adjacent to it.

The more movements are performed by the spine, the faster and more efficiently the process of nutrition takes place.

With a decrease in the motor load on the spine, there is a gradual deterioration in the nutrition of the intervertebral disc, which leads to a disruption in its recovery. It loses its elasticity and strength. This leads to the formation of protrusion.

Causes contributing to the reduction of motor activity in the spine:

• elderly age;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• sedentary work;
• overweight.

Injuries to the spine

They can be as sharp (impact, fall, sharp slope), then protrusion of the intervertebral disc develops immediately at once, or chronic, then its destruction occurs gradually.

Chronic traumatization of intervertebral discs develops:

1. athletes weightlifters;
2. for workers in professions that require constant monotonous movements and involve prolonged vibrations.

On the location of the bulging of the disk protrusions can be divided into the following types:

• lateral (lateral);
• posterior (dorsal);
• front;
• posterolateral;
• the central ones.

The most significant is the dorsal protrusion of the disc. In this case, the area of ​​the cartilaginous tissue swells in the direction of the spinal canal, as a result of which the spinal cord can be compressed.

Dorsal protrusions of intervertebral discs most often develop in the lumbar spine.

In this case, the lesion area can reach 50% of the entire surface of the disk.

Such a large volume of pathological tissue that protrudes between two vertebrae can lead to simultaneous jamming of the nerve roots from both sides.

Symptoms of protrusion of intervertebral discs

The main symptoms of protrusion are common for all pathology localizations:

1. pain;
2. a violation of sensitivity (paresthesia - tingling, a feeling of runniness);
3. motor disorders.

Clinical manifestations are caused by compression:

• roots of the dorsal nerves that exit through the holes between two adjacent vertebrae;
• arteries;
• of the spinal cord.

The localization of symptoms depends on the department of the spine in which the damaged disc is located.

Neck

The protrusion of the cervical region has distinctive symptoms, which are due to its anatomical structure.

The fact is that through the cervical vertebrae are the arteries that feed the brain.

When protrusions occur, they can be squeezed, which is manifested in symptoms of cerebral circulation disorders.

The protrusion of the C5-C6 disc of the cervical vertebrae is most common. The following symptoms are observed:

1. pain in rest in the neck, between the shoulder blades, in the region of the heart, in the hands (one or both);
2. soreness in movement in the cervical region;
3. limitation of mobility in the shoulder joint;
4. reduction of muscle strength in the hand;
5. numbness of the skin of the hands, a feeling of tingling, crawling;
6. dizziness;
7. loss of consciousness when the head is tilted;
8. headache.

Thoracic department

The protrusion of the spinal discs in this department is characterized by:

• back pain at the thoracic level at rest and during movement;
• girdling pains;
• pain in the chest;
• rapid fatigue of feet while walking;
• numbness of the skin of the chest and back.

Lumbar and lumbosacral section

The most common variant is protrusion of intervertebral discs of the lumbar region. Its main manifestations: pain and restriction in movement - are known in the people under the name "chamber".

The protrusion of the L4-L5 disc is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. pain in the lumbar spine, worse with sneezing, coughing;
2. the spread of pain from the waist to the buttock and to the lateral surface of the thigh, shin, down to the inner edge of the foot (the big toe);
3. acute attack of pain - lumbago (lumbago), which occurs at the time of physical stress (lifting gravity);
4. decrease in strength in the muscles of the thigh, lower leg, buttocks.

The protrusion of the disk L5-S1, located in the lumbosacral spine, has its own characteristics. It is characterized by back pain, which spreads on the outer-posterior surface of the buttocks, hips and lower legs, dropping to the little finger of the foot.

The protrusion of the discs of the lumbar spine is often a little symptomatic, that is, it has not manifested itself for many years.

Diagnosis of protrusion of intervertebral discs

Spinal disc protrusion is diagnosed on the basis of patient complaints, neurological examination and the results of instrumental methods.

When assessing complaints, attention is drawn to the duration of the symptoms, the onset of the onset, provoking factors (climbing the stairs, lifting the gravity), the profession, playing sports, age.

From instrumental methods, radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used. The most modern method to date is MRI. In the photographs, one can see not only the exact location of the protrusion, but also the detailed condition of the fibrous ring and the gelatinous nucleus of the disc.

Treatment of protrusions

Treatment of protrusion of intervertebral discs has two main goals: the cessation of pain and the removal of compression of the nerve roots, blood vessels and spinal cord.

Methods of treating protrusions are divided into a conservative, that is, without surgery, and surgical (in rare cases).

Conservative methods of treatment of protrusion

Conservative methods include: physical therapy, massage, physiotherapy (electrophoresis), hydrotherapy, laser, manual therapy, acupuncture, stretching, orthopedic correction (wearing corsets), spa and spa treatment (radon baths, mud).

As a drug treatment of disc protrusion, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen), B vitamins, chondroprotectors (chondroxide), novocaine blockade. The choice of a particular technique depends on the location of the protrusion, the duration of the disease and the severity of the symptoms.

In the treatment of protrusion of the cervical spine, restriction of movement is used by wearing the orthopedic collar of Shantz.

In the treatment of protrusions of the lumbar spine, bed rest is used for 2-3 days. The patient should lie on a firm surface in a comfortable position.

It is useful to lightly dry heat on the waist. Appoint anesthetics and anti-inflammatory drugs inside, in the form of ointments and gels, and in severe cases in the form of injections.

Then therapeutic gymnastics and physiotherapy are prescribed.

The success of treating protrusions of the lumbar discs directly depends on the state of the back muscles.

Flabby muscular corset is unable to fix the spine and creates additional prerequisites for its instability.

Therefore, all patients are recommended mandatory complexes of physiotherapy exercises aimed at strengthening the dorsal muscles.

Surgical methods of protrusion treatment

Surgical treatment of spinal disc protrusions may be necessary only if the patient has persistent pain that does not respond to other methods.

In addition, the operation must be prescribed to patients with severe motor impairment (paresis) and impaired functions of the pelvic organs (rectum, bladder), which are caused by compression of the nerve roots and spinal cord in dorsal diffuse protrusions disks.

The protrusion of the intervertebral disc is a serious pathology that can lead to the development of health hazards.

In order for this to happen, you need to consult a neurologist in time.

Only he can assess the true severity of the disease and choose the right treatment.

A source: http://sustavy-svyazki.ru/zabolevaniya-spiny/187-protruzija-mezhpozvonochnogo-diska

Protrusion of the spine of the lumbar spine: treatment, gymnastics

The protrusion of the discs of the lumbar spine is diagnosed most often, since this part of the spinal column experiences the greatest loads. In addition, a certain role is played by a greater mobility of the lumbar region in comparison with the cervical or thoracic segment of the spinal column.

The disease occurs due to osteochondrosis, injuries and other pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and develops gradually, in several stages. What do you need to know about the nature of the disease, its symptoms and methods of treatment? You will learn about this from our article.

What is the protrusion of the spine of the lumbar spine?

Disc protrusion is a pathological condition characterized by degenerative and dystrophic processes affecting the cartilaginous tissues of the vertebrae.

In this case, there is a protrusion of the disc tissues in the lumbar spine.

This process is not accompanied by rupture of the fibrous ring, but it causes severe pain due to infringement of the nerve roots and often precedes such a condition as a herniated intervertebral disc.

Cartilage tissue due to various diseases of the spine loses its elasticity, dries up, and the distance between the spinal discs decreases. As a result, the gelatinous pulpous nucleus is displaced and provokes the protrusion of the disc beyond the vertebrae.

Any protrusion creates an obstacle to the normal functioning of the spine, leading to a jamming of the nervous rootlets, inflammation and edema of surrounding tissues, causes a pain syndrome and other unpleasant sensations.

The patient has a weakened muscle tone, impaired coordination of movements and other changes that prevent the performance of familiar physical work.

Why does pathology develop?

protrusion develops due to osteochondrosis

In the overwhelming majority of cases (up to 90%) protrusion develops due to osteochondrosis, which causes degenerative changes in the tissues of the vertebrae.

Another cause is a high load on the lumbar region, which also has a large amplitude of movements.

In addition, among the provoking factors leading to the development of the disease, the following reasons stand out:

1. Hereditary factor and related features of the structure of the spinal column;
2. Passive way of life, sedentary work;
3. Heavy physical activity;
4. Metabolic disorders, endocrine system diseases;
5. Infectious and autoimmune diseases;
6. Incorrect posture and undeveloped muscular corset;
7. Age changes in the body;
8. Physical trauma of the spine;
9. Unbalanced diet, excess weight.

The formation of protrusion in the lumbar spine is largely promoted by sports injuries, so this disease is a frequent companion of professional athletes. An important role is played by the age factor, since with the number of lived years, degenerative changes are increasing, leading to the destruction of the cartilaginous tissue of the vertebrae.

Main symptoms and forms of the disease

At the initial stages, the disease manifests itself by quick fatigue and aching pain in the lower back, which is aggravated by forced staying in one position or prolonged walking. Therefore, be more attentive to your health and if you see such alarming signs, contact your doctor in a timely manner.

In the future, the severity of clinical symptoms largely depends on the shape and degree of protrusion of the disc. In accordance with this, several variants of protrusions are distinguished:

1. Circular. Disk protrusion occurs along the entire perimeter of the vertebral column.
2. Central. It is located behind the intervertebral disc and is directed towards the spinal cord.
3. Diffuse. The intervertebral disc protrushes unevenly.
4. Lateral. The disk swells to the right or to the left.
5. Dorsal. Swelling occurs inside the spinal canal.
6. Dorsal protrusion of the lumbar spine is considered the most unfavorable variant of the course of the disease, since in this case irritation and compression of the spinal structures occurs. As a result, the main symptoms of the disease are associated with such manifestations as weakness and numbness in the legs, accompanied by a burning sensation or tingling sensation, paresis and paralysis of the extremities are noted. Dysfunction of the bladder and sexual dysfunction are often observed.

In general, the disease can develop for a long time asymptomatically, sometimes declaring itself weak pains, to which few people pay attention. In the future, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms are noted:

• Stiffness in the lumbar region;
• Strong and sharp back pain;
• Unpleasant sensations at slopes, long stay in one pose;
• Fast fatiguability;
• Numbness of toes, burning sensation or tingling sensations;
• Muscular weakness of the lower extremities.

If the discs from the first to the fifth sacral vertebra are subjected to lesion, the patient is diagnosed with a protrusion of the lumbosacral spine l5 s1. This type of ailment is diagnosed most often (in 40-50%) cases.

In addition, protrusions l4 s1 and l4 l5 are isolated, in which protrusion of the disc occurs respectively between the first and fourth and fourth and fifth vertebrae.

Such manifestations of the disease bring no less discomfort, and significantly worsen the quality of life of the patient.

It should be noted that the symptoms of protrusion depend on the form and severity of the disease.

Thus, in the lateral (lateral) form, when the fibrous ring protrudes to the right or to the left of the spine, The course of the disease can be virtually asymptomatic, but eventually leads to ring rupture and formation hernia.

In other cases, neurologic symptoms are expressed quite clearly, so the course of treatment is more complicated.

In such cases, the spinal cord structures are involved, which is accompanied by severe pain syndrome and can lead to horse tail syndrome.

The horse's tail is called a bundle of nerve fibers, which is located below the lumbosacral articulation of the spinal column.

If the pathological process touches this bundle of nerve plexuses, the symptomatology becomes pronounced and is manifested by intense pain, limited movement, violation of urination and bowel movement.

Specialists distinguish 3 main stages of the disease:

1. 1 stage - inside the fibrous ring there is a displacement of the pulpous nucleus. But the changes are insignificant and do not lead to the protrusion of the disk.
2. 2 stage (protrusion) - the intervertebral disc protrudes between the vertebral bodies, but the gelatinous pulpous nucleus is still inside the fibrous membrane.
3. Stage 3 (hernia) - the integrity of the fibrous ring is broken and the pulpous nucleus goes out, the intervertebral hernia is formed.

In the first 2 stages of the disease, one can cope with the help of conservative methods of treatment and physiotherapeutic procedures, whereas protrusion at the third stage requires surgical intervention.

How to treat protrusion of the lumbar spine?

In the early stages of the disease, it is easy to cope with conservative methods, which include:

• Medication
• Physiotherapeutic procedures
• Manual therapy
• Therapeutic physical training (LFK)

To medical therapy resort to the acute stage of protrusion of intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine. Complex treatment includes the following activities.

Analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids in the form of tablets, injections or external agents (ointments, creams) are prescribed to relieve pain and inflammation.

The treatment regimen necessarily includes chondroprotectors and vitamin complexes that normalize metabolic processes, improve the nutrition of cartilaginous tissue and contribute to its recovery.

Widely used muscle relaxants, removing muscle spasms, decongestants and drugs that improve blood circulation. In combination, these drugs help to reduce the compression of nerve roots and reduce neurologic manifestations and pain syndrome.

Methods of physiotherapy

After the removal of acute conditions, it is recommended to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures. The most popular methods are:

1. Electro - and Phonophoresis
2. Magnetotherapy
3. Laser Therapy
4. Acupuncture
5. Patients with protrusions are helpful for acupressure and manual therapy sessions, which must be performed by a qualified and experienced specialist. The doctor, engaged in manual therapy, using special techniques can restore the normal position of intervertebral discs and vertebrae. During the massage, all manipulations should be performed in a gentle manner, without the use of sudden movements, while direct impact on the affected area can not be provided.

An excellent therapeutic effect has a procedure for stretching the spine, allowing to release the pinched nerve plexuses and relieve the pain syndrome.

Extension of the spine is carried out both dry and underwater. Regular procedures help lower the pressure inside the discs and stop the displacement of the joints.

A good result is the wearing of special corsets, hirudotherapy (treatment with leeches), as well as yoga, with which you can cope with the pain in the back.

Physiotherapy

The complex of exercises with protrusions of the lumbar spine is aimed at strengthening the muscle tissue, increasing motor activity, reducing inflammation and pain syndrome.

Physicians recommend to attend special classes and perform exercises under the guidance of a coach. But if there is no such possibility, it is possible to carry out the appointed complex of gymnastics independently, at home.

To trainings should be started only after the doctor individually selects therapeutic gymnastic procedures.

It is recommended that you take a warm shower before starting. This will reduce muscle spasm and prepare them for physical exertion.

During the exercises, you need to monitor your feelings and if there is pain, the activity should be stopped.

Remember that a positive result can be achieved only with prolonged and regular training, so do not drop the job started halfway and bring the course to the end.

Gymnastics with protrusion of the lumbar spine includes the following exercises:

1. Lying on your back, bend your knees, keep your hands parallel to your torso on the floor. Slowly lift the pelvis, leaning on the shoulders, shoulder blades and feet. To fix the pelvis at the highest point for a few seconds, then just as slowly take the starting position.
2. Lying on your back, doing your feet with the "horizontal scissors" exercise.
3. Exercise on the support. As a support you can take a stool. She needs to lie on her stomach and gradually bending forward, try to maximally stretch the spine, while trying to distribute the weight of the body between the abdomen and the shoulder girdle. Lateral stretching of the spine is done in the same way. Only in this case, on the stool should lie first right, and then left side.
4. In the prone position, straighten your arms and legs. Then tighten your chin, and try to touch their breasts, while pulling your toes to them. This exercise will help stretch the spine.
5. Walking on all fours. You need to go down on all fours, keeping your back straight and in this position several times around the room.
6. The most effective exercise for lumbar protrusions is considered to be on the horizontal bar or the Swedish wall. With its help eliminate the squeezing of the nerve roots and stop the pain syndrome.
7. In the early days, do a minimum amount of exercise and perform them on a special training mat, on a hard surface. Gradually increase the number of repeats, while doing the exercises slowly, before each change of position take a break for 2 minutes.

Remember that the complex of curative gymnastics should not include sharp slopes and turns, which can cause increased pain and provoke dislocation of the disc.

When protruding the lumbar discs, any medical exercises, yoga exercises and other strengthening and restorative physiotherapy procedures should be performed outside the stage of exacerbation.

Folk remedies

The use of folk recipes at home will help alleviate suffering and reduce pain. As a supplement to the main treatment you can use broths and tinctures of medicinal herbs, make compresses and rubbing.

• Garlic compress is used to relieve acute pain. To prepare the medicinal composition, 300 g of chopped garlic pour 200ml of vodka and insist in a warm, dark place for 10 days. In case of exacerbations, the gauze napkin should be moistened in garlic infusion and applied to a sore spot for 30 minutes. Longer keep the compress on the skin is not recommended, otherwise you can provoke irritation or even a burn.
• Turpentine bath. Hot water is drawn into the bath (the temperature should be 40 ° C). 10 g of baby soap rubbed on a grater and added to water, then pour in a pharmacy bubble of salicylic acid, 200 ml of turpentine and pour 50 g of salt. Such a procedure will have a powerful stimulating effect, restore blood circulation and relieve pain. Take a bath can be no more than 10 minutes. Procedures with turpentine are contraindicated for those who have cardiovascular diseases.

In addition, for compresses and grindings used decoction of wormwood, Kalanchoe, use oil extracts of birch leaves and St. John's wort.

These methods can not eliminate the cause of the disease, but it is quite possible to significantly alleviate the condition of the patient.

Before using folk remedies, do not forget to consult with your doctor and get his approval for the procedures at home.

A source: https://glavvrach.com/protruziya-diskov-pozvonochnika/

The protrusion of the spinal discs is what it is and how to treat it

Modern doctors note that this is a fairly common phenomenon. The protrusion of the spinal discs is what is it and how to treat it? Is it possible to avoid this? After allcartilage deformity does not form spontaneously, but in the aftermath of the impact of the previous illness.

The term denotes cartilage dystrophy with bulging cartilage contour beyond the vertebral crown, without damaging the ring enveloping the base.

Weight lifting, negligent attitude to health can provokeserious deformations in the structure of cartilaginous tissue. The body thus signals about those problems with the spine that act on the body.

If the protrusion of the discs is not treated, this will inevitably lead to the formation of an intervertebral hernia. For a more detailed study of the concept of protrusion of the vertebrae, the photo will help in this.

Most do not even attach importance to fatigue and aching in the lower extremities at the end of the day.

If you lie on a flat surface,feeling of discomfort in the whole spine.

It is important for people not to ignore signals and wait for miraculous healing, but to act.

In official medicine, the presence of cartilage dystrophy is a signal about the active effect of osteochondrosis, is cured by therapeutic methods.

Protrusion of spinal discs symptoms

Often, cartilage degeneration is asymptomatic. But there are a number of signs that inform about the presence of internal processes. What does it mean to 80% of people.

Sometimes the symptoms are pronounced, because the cartilage can compress and clamp the nerve column. The brightest and most unpleasant sign can bepain syndrome of the damaged site.

There are also less striking indicators worth attending:

• stable pain syndrome of the site;
• the presence of pain in various parts of the spine, which has the properties of migrating or radiating;
• symptoms of sciatica;
• reduction of muscle elasticity;
• the sensitivity of the hands and feet deteriorates;
• stiffness, tingling;
• Possible loss of hearing, vision, causeless migraine.

The intensity of manifestation of pathology is different, because of the individual capabilities of the organism.

Diffusive protrusion of the spine

Is the diffuse appearance of pathology so terrible and what is it? Pathology can develop both in men and in women.

The most negative factor is that the lesion occurs in different areas of the musculoskeletal system at the same time.

The amount of time spent fighting the pathology,depends on the degree of lesion of the sites of the spine.

In the absence of timely medical assistance, the nutrition of the affected area with nutrients disintegrates, and the blood flow to the vital organs slows down. Ill become practically incapacitated, feels bad - a small part of the manifestations of dystrophy.

Etiology of origin:

1. osteoporosis;
2. trauma of different strength;
3. presence of congenital anomalies;
4. pregnancy.

Symptomatic dystrophy of the cartilage of the lumbar spine is traced by signs of radiculitis, paresthesia of the hands and feet. In individual cases of damage, urinary function is impaired.

Dystrophy of the cervical cartilageprovokes severe pain syndrome. If there are any symptoms, immediately begin treatment, after consulting with a doctor. The lesions of c5-c6 disks signal themselves with such signs:

• lumbago, in many cases there may be a paralyzing effect;
• impossibility of rotating head movements;
• causeless migraines, vertigo;
• impotence of the hands;
• violation of blood pressure.

A protrusion of the vertebrae requires a complete examination of the body.

Circular spinal protrusions of the spine

Most adults do not need to tell what it is.Intervertebral cartilage falls in a circle, leading to a serious infringement of roots of nerves, neurological problems are noted. Often it can be cured therapeutically.

Often, the vagina is diagnosed in the lumbar region, which can affect the normal functioning of the peritoneum, due tocompression of the nervous column.

A circular anomaly of the cartilaginous structure between the l4-l5 vertebrae is the uniform loss of them between these vertebrae. Often the factor of occurrence is osteochondrosis, and affects the site of L5-S1. The anomaly is accompanied by lumbulgia, which eventually loses its legs.

Paresthesia and desensitization are noted. With the timely consultation of a specialist pathology is completely cured by modern medicine. Ignoring abnormal pathology provokesrupture of the cartilage shell, called a hernia, and incapacity.

Dorsal protrusion of the spinal discs

A separate type of cartilage dystrophy is dorsal dystrophy, followed by damageup to 25% of the disk. It develops directly next to the bone marrow thereby affecting it, which can cause serious consequences. Signs of a dorsal anomaly:

1. the manifestation of painful sensations, the echoes of which are felt in the lower back;
2. tension and swelling of both legs;
3. causeless migraines.

The protrusion of the cartilage posterior is characterized by its prolapse from behind. What is it and what is characterized? The cartilaginous membrane is closely connected with the bone marrow because of whatchronic pain is felt, desensitization of some sites is noted.

Diagnosed dorsal protrusions should be treated immediately, because the forecasts of this type are among the most unfavorable. Because of its directproximity to the brain substance, bear the greatest threat to health.

The spine in the lumbar region is flexible and dynamic, and it is damaged more often than others. If this happens, minimize the amount and severity of the work and immediately begin therapy.

Dorsal protrusion of the spinal discs

Dorsal protrusion is characterized byposterior bulging of intervertebral cartilaginous tissue. Factors for the development of anomalies:

• severe injury;
• allergic reactions that provoked cartilage damage;
• poor blood supply;
• inflammatory process, affecting the musculoskeletal system or acting in the spinal column.

The anatomical feature of man is thatabnormalities of the thoracic region are less common, because the motor activity of the vertebrae is lower there. Sometimes there is also a dystrophy of the discs. Manifestations of dorsal dystrophy:

1. with this type of aching pain that occur due to irritation of the cartilage of the nerve column, muscle tissue and bone marrow envelope;
2. in the morning, the stiffness of the movements is felt;
3. may impair blood circulation and normal skin color.

Do not be in a hurry to get upset if the examinations indicated obvious dystrophy.Visiting a vertebrologistand the appointment of symptomatic and restorative treatment is a very important factor on the way to recovery.

A source: http://womaninc.ru/category/protruziya-diskov-pozvonochnika-chto-eto/

Protrusion of the spine discs: what is it and how to treat it

Diseases of the spine are associated with the lifestyle that modern people lead. The topic is relevant because more than 50% of people on Earth experience discomfort and complain of pain in the spinal cord.

More and more people, especially young people, suffer from degenerative changes in the bone system.

The article will consider the problem of the causes of protrusion, the types and symptoms of the disease, as well as the treatment and measures for its prevention.

What is protrusion? Causes, types and symptoms of the disease

The protrusion is considered a type of complication of the course of osteochondrosis, when the intervertebral disc begins to go beyond the spine, the protective ring does not break.

Causes

The main reason is the unnatural transformation of intervertebral discs. They consist of a pulpous core and a fibrous ring.

Pulpoid nucleus is a semi-liquid substance (90% of water is included in its composition). Dehydration and loss of elasticity triggers a mechanism of protrusion development.

With loss of fluid from the core, sagging of the fibrous ring occurs, and then to the trauma of the structure of the disc fibers.

Disk transformation occurs for the following reasons:

• constant overload;
• hereditary predisposition;
• injuries;
• age changes.

Symptoms and types of protrusion

Passes without symptoms, but only until the pinching of the nerve occurs. They are due to the location and degree of protrusion.

Cervical protrusion

The cervical spine is the most mobile of all the rest. In total, it contains 7 vertebrae. This disease affects about 4% of all cases of protrusions. When the disease occurs, the following symptoms are observed:

1. pain in the neck;
2. weakness of the musculature (arm, elbow, shoulder);
3. numbness of the hands;
4. pain that is given in the hands.

Protrusion in the thoracic region

Manifestations of the disease in this department of the spine are found in 31% of patients. Protection from protrusion is associated with the lack of mobility of disks. But when the disease occurs, symptoms occur:

• pain in the chest or abdomen, in the middle of the back, intercostal space;
• weakness of the musculature of the press;
• numbness of chest or abdomen;
• stiffness of back movements.

You will be interested to read: How to treat arthrosis of the fingers?

Protrusion in the lumbar region

Most often protrusion is manifested in the lumbar region. This is due to increased load on it and its mobility. Of all the cases of the onset of the disease, 65% are accounted for this type of protrusion.

Symptoms of the disease are due to the location and pathological changes in the discs. They can be:

1. stiffness of movements in the lumbar region;
2. pain in the feet, fingers, lower back;
3. weakness of the musculature of the hips and calves;
4. numbness of feet;
5. violation of urination.

Treatment and prevention of the disease

If the disease manifests itself, it requires immediate treatment. It should be appointed by a doctor who will conduct the study and take into account the factors that accompany the disease. In time, the therapy started usually yields positive results, reducing the output of the intervertebral disc.

Methods of treatment

The disease does not require surgical intervention, but it is not treated only with the help of medications. They are used to relax the muscles, relieve swelling and pain, but bring only temporary relief. It is important to eliminate the cause of the disease.

There are many types of therapies that are used, namely:

• exercise therapy (LFK);
• manual therapy;
• some types of massage;
• use of medicines;
• acupuncture (acupuncture);
• use of folk remedies.

Physical exercises

Physiotherapyis an auxiliary method that removes with the help of special exercises painful sensations and strengthening muscular corset of the back.

There are special systems that are aimed at a specific area of ​​the spine: cervical, thoracic or lumbar.

Regular exercise will create reliable protection from protrusions.

Swimmingalso has a beneficial effect on the spine. This kind of exercise is good because in water the load on the back is minimal.

Yogacan be an excellent method of treating the disease. Regular execution of asanas will improve the mobility of the spinal cord.

Remember, in order not to harm your body, you should avoid: pain, sharp movements and twists.

Massage with protrusion should be used with caution, as it can lead to an exacerbation of the disease due to increased blood circulation. First of all, massage is indicated for relaxation of spasmodic muscles.

Before use, consult a therapist.

You will also have to give up vegetarianism in order to get all the necessary substances with food. Acute and fatty food provokes aggravation of inflammatory processes.

Seafood, nuts and dairy products are most useful in case of illness.

Keep your back healthy is not so difficult, if you follow the recommendations that doctors give.

It is necessary to monitor posture, avoid excessive loads on the back, control body weight, and also strengthen the muscle corset.

One of the recommendations is the adjustment of all equipment for their own growth (for example, a seat in a car, a computer monitor, etc.).

The protrusions are treated, but it is better not to bring to the disease and take preventive measures. A healthy back is mobility, which is a component of a long and happy life.

If the disease manifests itself, then immediately contact your doctor, he will choose the right and effective treatment, help to eliminate the complication of the disease. Self-medication can damage your health.

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Protrusions: what is it? Protrusion of intervertebral discs

Protrusion is one of the most common diseases, which manifests itself in the form of dystrophic disorders in intervertebral discs, which leads to their degradation. As a rule, this disease occurs in 80 percent of the population over the age of 30.

Protrusions - what is it?

This disease, in the first place, signals serious changes in the musculoskeletal system. Basically, this ailment is a consequence of the development of one of the stages of osteochondrosis.

In this case, protrusion is the initial form of the intervertebral hernia. The main and first of its symptoms are acute pain in the affected area. In this case, the displaced disks exert an interaction on the spinal cord roots, as well as on the spinal cord itself.

If a person does not turn in time for help to a medical institution, he risks getting a more serious disease - the intervertebral hernia, which will eventually have much worse consequences. Also protrusion of the spine, which will grow into a hernia, is much harder to be treated and very dangerous for human health.

Protrusion formation

The appearance of protrusion is accompanied by dystrophic changes in the fibrous ring of intervertebral discs, that is, by other In words, their structure changes, elasticity is lost, as a result of which the disk is flattened and protrudes beyond vertebra. But it should be noted that the fibrous disc retains its shape and integrity, so that the gelatinous core remains inside.

A protrusion of the spine can be of several levels of complexity: 1.

The protrusion from 0 to 3 millimeters is not the cause of any uncomfortable sensations, and has no harmful effect; 2.

3. The protrusion from 5 millimeters - this condition is regarded as an intervertebral hernia.

The causes of protrusion

To date, there are several main causes that lead to the emergence of protrusion of the lumbar spine. To such reasons it is possible to carry:

• uncontrolled posture;
• insufficient development of the muscular structure of the body;
• hereditary predisposition;
• the presence of excess weight;
• failure of metabolic processes of the body;
• age changes;
• large irrational loads on the back and spine;
• presence of severe infectious diseases of the body.

As already mentioned, protrusions are the most common diseases of posture. What it is, is clear to everyone, but very few people know how to prevent the appearance of this ailment.

Stages of formation of protrusions

To date, doctors have identified several stages in the formation of protrusions:

1. In the first stage, up to 70% of the structure of the intervertebral discs (disc) is destroyed. They lose their elasticity and form cracks in the fibrous membrane. This stage is manifested by acute local pain in the affected area.
2. The second stage of the disease is characterized by the protrusion of the disc. Thus the pulpous nucleus moves from the center to the edge, thus, the tissues of the fibrous disc are stretched. At this stage, the disc is bulged up to 2-3 millimeters, as a result of which sharp pains and discomfort in the transverse section can be felt.
3. The last stage is characterized by a strong protrusion of the vertebral disc. In this case, there is a rupture of the fibrosis of the disc and the formation of a vertebral hernia, pain in the affected area and there will be various neurological disorders, for example numbness extremities.

Classification of protrusions

It is known that one of the most common diseases of the spine are protrusions. What it is, and what are the reasons for their appearance - is already clear. Let's find out by what parameters this disease is classified.

So, the protrusion is classified by type, type of protrusion and location.

1. By type of protrusions are classified into circular and diffuse.

• Diffuse protrusion is a chronic type of disease. In this type of disc is bulged out unevenly. If you do not treat the disease in time, sooner or later it will lead to loss of ability to work and disability.
• Circular protrusion - when the intervertebral disc protrudes evenly. At this type there is a nervous infringement that becomes the reason of development of a neurologic symptomatology - occurrence of a painful sensation, a numbness of nervous extremities.

2. The protrusion of the lumbar spine is divided according to the type of protrusion:

1. Central protrusion (median) - protrusion occurs in the direction of the center of the spinal canal. In most cases, this type of disease has no manifestations, but there is a great risk, since exposure to the spinal cord can lead to disruption of its functioning.
2. Back protrusion - protrusion of the intervertebral discs occurs from the abdomen to the back. Very often this kind of negatively affects the spinal cord, which leads to a violation of its functionality. Feels strong pain in the area of ​​the lesion, a violation of sensitivity, in some cases, a violation of the functionality of the pelvic organs.
3. Lateral protrusion (lateral) - the disc protrudes to the right or left side of the spine. It can cause the formation of spinal cord roots. Until the nerves are damaged, the disease has no symptoms.
4. Zadonebkovaya intervertebral protrusion (posterolateral) - the intervertebral discs protrude back to the back and to the right or left side. Has a harmful interaction on the roots and structure of the spinal cord. Up to the moment of infringement of nerves there are no symptoms.

3. The disease is subdivided at the location: cervical, thoracic and lumbar protrusion.

Cervical protrusion

Cervical protrusions very often lead to the development of a variety of complications that can trigger an overload of the spine.

The consequence of this can be the formation of new protrusions, and as a result - the development of the intervertebral hernia.

Signaling about the appearance of this disease can be the following symptoms:

Local pain in the neck is chronic or acute.

• Restriction of mobility of the neck.
• Manifestations of headaches, dizziness.
• Pain with irradiation along the arm.
• Numbness and tingling in the hands.
• Weakness in the muscles of the shoulders and arms.

Protrusion of thorax discs

Due to the structure of the human skeleton, the protrusion in the thoracic region develops very rarely. About the appearance of this disease in the thoracic department may indicate the following symptoms:

1. Chronic or acute pain in the thoracic spine, discomfort.
2. Chronic pain in the intercostal space or between the shoulder blades.
3. Tingling in the abdomen and chest, numbness of the limbs and impaired sensation.
4. Failure in the work of organs that are located in the affected area (heart, liver).
5. Weakness in the muscles of the press.

Lumbar protrusion

It is known that this disease is most often found in the lumbar spine. This is due to the fact that this region of the back is constantly subjected to great dynamic and statistical loads. The protrusion of the lumbar spine is most often accompanied by:

Chronic and acute pain in the lumbar region.

• The presence of painful and cramped sensations in the lumbosacral zone.
• Education of sciatica.
• The manifestation of weakness in the legs.
• Violation of the sensitivity of individual parts of the body - numbness, sensations of "goosebumps pricking.
• The emergence of irradiation of pain in one or both legs.
• In certain cases, the activity of the urethra and genital organs may also be impaired.

Symptomatic of protrusion

Symptoms of this disease directly depend on which disc is damaged. But until the pinching of the various spinal cord nerves occurs, the protrusion can occur absolutely without any symptoms.

In general, the symptoms of protrusions can always manifest themselves with varying strength, it all depends on how much the spinal cord is irritated and the nervous system is damaged by the intervertebral disc. The most frequent symptom of protrusion is severe pain in the affected area, which can eventually lead to a disruption of sensitivity.

In addition, it is also possible to identify a number of other indicators that may indicate the presence of a protrusion:

1. Chronic or acute pain in the affected area (neck, loin, thoracic spine).
2. The presence of migrating and irradiating pain.
3. Manifestation of radiculitis.
4. Loss of muscle elasticity and weakening of the muscular corset in the affected area.
5. Loss of sensitivity of individual upper and lower extremities.
6. Presence of a feeling of stiffness and burning in the diseased department.
7. Reducing the sensitivity of the organs of hearing, vision, manifestation of headaches, dizziness.

The most commonly degraded intervertebral discs

The protrusion of the disk l5, L4 / S1 occurs most often, since these discs are subjected to the greatest load when performing any actions. l5, L4 are the spinal intervertebral discs, which are located in the lumbar region.

When lifting heavy loads or sitting, there is a lot of pressure on these disks, which causes them to degrade. S1 is the first disc from the pelvic bone, which is also often subjected to stress.

For these reasons, these disks are most often degraded.

As practice shows, there are practically no noticeable symptoms of protrusions before the age of 30, basically all of them arise precisely after this age, since it is during this period that the human body is exposed to a large number of interactions that negatively affect the state of its health.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis with the appearance of symptoms of protrusions, usually begins with physical examination of the patient by the attending physician. To do this, experts use a series of manual tests that allow you to determine the affected area.

If suspected of intervertebral protrusions, the patient is assigned an additional examination - ultrasound, MRI, KG, EMG, X-ray and so on.

X-ray allows you to determine the complexity of the disease, MRI - to establish compression of neural bundles, and the scale of damage to nerve fibers helps to learn EMG.

Treatment under the supervision of experienced doctors

From the foregoing, it can be concluded that protrusion is a very common and health-threatening disease. Therefore, its treatment should be conducted under the supervision of experienced doctors.

Treatment of protrusions is a complex of various procedures. They should be aimed at the removal of pain, swelling of the tissues, restoration of motor functions and normalization of sensitivity.

In order to forget what a protrusion is, treatment should also be carried out with the help of various medications. To fully cure and restore today, various analgesics, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

Also, great help in the treatment of this disease is provided by special massages, which can be done only by highly qualified specialists.

Ways to prevent protrusion

As stated above, one of the most terrible diseases is protrusions. What it is, and how they appear, is already clear. But there are ways that can significantly reduce the possibility of the appearance of this disease.

It is not difficult to guess that the lumbar protrusion in most cases appears due to deformation intervertebral discs, so you need to constantly strengthen your back while doing sports, namely athletics. This kind of sport helps to strengthen the muscle mass and ligaments, which, in fact, keep the entire structure of the back.

Conclusion: one of the most common diseases of the back, with which today every second person lives, is a protrusion.

A source: http://.ru/article/156213/protruzii-chto-eto-takoe-protruziya-mejpozvonochnyih-diskov-lechenie