Bundles and tendons: what's the difference, what's the difference?

Treatment of ligaments and joints

How to treat stretchings, how to train in a situation where you have injured muscles or ligaments.

When we talk about sports injuries received in the gym, in most cases we mean exactly stretching ligaments and tendons.

But the object of injury can be other parts of the body, such as bone tissue, muscle tissue, etc.

What is the difference between ligament and tendon

Bundles- are the structures by which two bones indirectly through the joint are connected to each other. Bunches are slightly elastic, which is why they can often break, damage and stretch.

What is a tendon

The tendon is very strong in its elasticity and structure similar to the ligament. The main difference between tendons and ligaments is that they connect the bone to the muscle tissue.

1. Bundles- connect the two bones indirectly through the joint.
2. Tendon- these are the structures by which the muscles are attached to the bone.
3. BonesThis is our inner frame, on which all the other structures of our body are attached. Of bones is a skeleton.
4. JointIs a moving joint of two bones, thanks to which our skeleton can exercise motor activity due to muscular strength.

Stretching- this is a trauma to ligaments or tendons, in which they stretch more than they should and as a result are deformed or even torn.

Dislocation- this is an injury to the articular ends of your bones, as a result of which their proper contact with each other is broken. Dislocations are divided into two types:

• Complete (you can not use the limb).
• Subluxations (you can move your bones, you can move, but you feel very strong pain).

What are the causes of injury?

Remember, all the causes of trauma are reduced to the same - it is unusual for a given (specific) moment for a person to work. Factors that lead to this, can be both internal and external.

External factors- these are different training factors: too fast execution speed, too much braking during the exercise, too much weight, too cold ligaments, etc.

Internal factors- this is something that is not in the gym, but inside you: accumulated stress (overloaded muscles), inadequate nutrition.

If a person is injured, then at this particular moment the load that he gave during training, was not familiar to his body.

3 main variants of trauma

• Too fast growth of muscle mass (this is when the growth of muscle mass outstrips the growth of your ligament apparatus). All exercises in bodybuilding are aimed at muscle hypertrophy, few people do static exercises, partial exercises. As a result, an imbalance results, as a result, when the load is high, the weakest link - the bundle - is torn. It is necessary to develop in parallel in everything, so that there are no partial lag.
• Bad workout. As a rule, a person comes to the hall, makes one warm-up approach and immediately grabs a heavy working weight. Muscles and ligaments are cold, they are heavier deformed and more fragile, easier to tear.
• External injuries - this is when a person is engaged in addition to bodybuilding yet, by any sports, for example, martial arts. Let's say a person fell, stretched a bunch, etc.

There are 5 most dangerous exercises

• Deadlift
• Squats
• Chest and delta presses
• French Press
• Pull-ups

How to find out what's happened

If you have a backache, neck, thighs, or sore calves, then most likely you have pulled your tendons.

If you have pain after lifting the bar to the biceps areas of the elbow, then you have a pain in ligaments.

Trauma of ligaments and tendons is a painful thing, it is treated long enough. If you tear a ligament or tendon, you can hear it in a rushing sound.

As a rule, the place of injury is swollen, because traumatized, lying around the lying blood vessels and places around the trauma are filled with blood.

All this leads to swelling and a bloody bruise.

A few days later, we have a process of regeneration. The process of regeneration begins with the work of microphages. Microphages are peculiar scavengers of our body.

These are cells that devour other cells (dead), after the microphages have eaten dead tissue, only then do fibroblasts, produce collagen and treat your damaged tissue.

A very important point:Fibroblasts can begin their work only after they have been cleared by microphages for them.

That is why it is very important to put your limb in the cold immediately after the injury, to tighten it, in order to minimize the number of dead cells in your limb.

Then the regeneration process will start faster.

In power sports such as bodybuilding and powerlifting, the extreme degree of damage to your ligaments and tendons is very rare.

There are several stages of damage to your ligaments and tendons

1. When you tore up a part of your ligament, but you do not have a bruise. In this mode, your limb does not change in any way, the only thing that you feel in terms of discomfort is pain in training. You can not work in the mode you are used to.
2. When more severe damage to your ligaments and tendons occurs, they are accompanied by bruising, tumor and you really hurt to perform the necessary movements, but you are able to move your pain through limbs.
3. When you completely severed the ligament or tendon. The action for which she replied you can not perform.

In bodybuilding, most often the first type of injury occurs when you stretched the tendon ligament and partially it was ripped apart, it does not manifest itself in anything, but you can not fully train, because you painfully.

How to treat it, if it suddenly happened

It is necessary to remember 4 points

• Cold (ice)
• peace
• pressure
• height

First 2 daysnot in any way, no heat, no warm water, no massages, no movement.

If you follow these simple recommendations, the regeneration process in your damaged part of the body will start much faster than that person who warmed up and massaged the damaged area.

After 2 days, you need to accelerate the process of regeneration. These are any ways that increase blood circulation in your damaged part of the body.

First of all, this heating, at this stage, in contrast to the stage of inflammation, you can warm up and even need to. Warming in wet ways, hot bath.

The method of accelerated regeneration of ligaments and tendons

This is the training of the opposite limb.

In a situation where you have damaged a bunch on the right bicep, you need peace so that it will heal faster, but in the resting state of the circulation is very dull, so the healing does not go as fast as it could. We have two opposite tasks: it would be nice to train her to have more blood flow, but she is traumatized and can not be trained. How can this be solved?

To train the opposite part, sports physiologists have long proved that our body is symmetrical.

If you dynamically train your left hand, but forget about the right hand, then in the end, the left hand, say, grows 3 cm, and the right hand, if you did not even train it, will grow by 2 cm. These are the features of our physique.

The recommendation is very simple:traumatized right ankle - train left, injured right ligament on biceps - train left bicep.

What pharmacology can help in the healing of sports injuries

Main sports products

Ointments

• Diklak 5%
• Finalagel
• Fastumgel
• Traumeel C

"Building material" for ligaments and joints

• Collagen
• Calcium and Vitamin D
• Chondroitin Sulphate
• Glucosamine Sulphate

A source: http://pro-kachaem.ru/raznoe/rastyazheniya/lechenie-svyazok-i-sustavov

Methods of strengthening ligaments and tendons

The musculoskeletal system is one of the important and complex systems in the human body.

From her condition depends the work of many organs and the well-being of the person as a whole.

Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the musculoskeletal system, especially in the case of joints and ligaments, which have an increased load.

Why is it necessary to strengthen ligaments and tendons?

Stretching or rupturing of ligaments and tendons is a fairly common trauma. To get it, do not necessarily raise the bar, dance or exercise. You can simply stumble and tuck your foot or pick up a heavy bag with groceries in the supermarket.

As a result, a partial or complete rupture of fibers occurs, which can lead to various complications and even the loss of some functions of the leg or arm.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to strengthen the ligaments and tendons. Moreover, everyone needs to do this, especially those who, by the nature of their activities, are forced to withstand great physical exertion.

Strengthening ligaments and tendons is also necessary for athletes. Do not think that the cast muscles will be saved from stretching or rupturing the ligaments.

The fact is that under physical loads the muscles grow much faster than the ligamentous tendon complex can adapt to this. There is an imbalance, which leads to injuries.

Therefore, athletes too, it is not superfluous to know how to strengthen the ligaments.

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

Starting to strengthen the musculoskeletal system, it is important to understand what the ligaments of the tendons are. Bundles are flexible enough formations that surround the joint, support it, do not allow you to move in the wrong direction.

To avoid injuries to ligaments and tendons, they must be strengthened and "nourished". And it needs to be done simultaneously in several directions. This complex includes:

1. Balanced diet.
2. Special preparations.
3. Physical exercises.

Diet for ligaments

A full meal will perfectly strengthen the ligaments, make them strong and elastic, which will protect against accidental injuries. On what in the diet should pay attention.

Such food should become a lifestyle, only in this case you can hope for good results. It is also important to give up harmful products and monitor your weight.

Normalization of weight

Under the right diet is meant the normalization of body weight. Extra pounds create an additional burden on the musculoskeletal system, including. and on the ligaments. At the same time, one must remember that an excessive interest in diet can also lead to negative consequences.

Prohibited and Authorized Products

Negatively affects the osteoarticular system and the use of products containing preservatives and colorants that interfere with the normal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. The body does not receive these important elements together with food and begins to extract them from the musculoskeletal system. And as a result, ligaments and tendons suffer.

All these products should be excluded from the diet, instead they need to eat those that contain a large number of vitamins C, E, B12. After all, they are just necessary to strengthen the tendons and ligaments. Vitamin E is found in large quantities in products such as:

• carrot;
• parsley;
• rose hips;
• sea ​​buckthorn;
• wheat germ;
• gray bread.

A necessary amount of vitamin C can be obtained, including in the diet of citrus, tomatoes, cabbage, sweet peppers, kiwi, currants, gooseberries.

Collagen and proteins

Collagen is an important component for connective tissue. Thanks to him, the tendons become elastic and easily cope with the loads. Contained collagen in dishes that are prepared on the basis of gelatin - in a cold, jellied, jelly.

They contain vitamin D and the desired amino acids. Fish is also an important product.

Fats, which are contained in it, help protect the fibers of the tendons from various overloads.

Do not forget about dairy products, because they are the source of calcium, necessary for bones and joints.

Preparations for strengthening of ligaments and joints

Often the amount of nutrients and vitamins that a person receives with food is not enough to strengthen the musculoskeletal system.

In this case, you need to take care of additional nutrition for ligaments, joints and bones, which can provide dietary supplements.

They are biologically active supplements that are taken with food.

In addition, the strengthening of ligaments with the help of bioadditives will be cheaper than treatment with medications.

Preparations that are designed to strengthen connective tissue, joints and bones may contain:

• chondroitin;
• glucosamine;
• collagen;
• vitamins.

The most popular drugs for the health of joints and ligaments are dietary supplements containing chondroitin and glucosamine. The combined action of these two substances will effectively protect and repair damaged areas of ligaments and joints:

1. Supplements with chondroitin are excellent chondroprotectors, they protect and strengthen joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons. Since chondroitin refers to substances that are produced by the body itself, the side effects are completely absent.
2. Supplements with glucosamine positively affect the metabolic processes that occur in connective tissue, its structure. Since the active substance of this drug is part of the cartilage, bones, skin of the vessels, it has a complex effect on the entire body. BADs with collagen are a compulsory drug for strengthening ligaments. In addition, they stop the inflammatory process, provide additional nutrition and protection for the ligamentous tendon complex.

Supplements can contain only one component, but most often in the additive there are two or three active substances, for example, glucosamine with chondroitin or collagen with vitamin C. As supplements to these dietary supplements should be taken calcium, vitamin D, other vitamins and minerals.

Special exercises

In addition to proper nutrition and use of dietary supplements for the prevention of stretching, you must perform special exercises. They are needed in order to provide a static load on certain ligaments or tendons.

The effectiveness of these exercises was proved as early as the beginning of the 20th century by the famous strong man Alexander Sass.

He was by no means a major athlete, but the way he tore in the arena of the chain and bent metal rods struck imagination.

Iron Samson (the so-called Zassa) believed that all the strength is not in the muscles, but in the tendons and ligaments.

Expediency and effectiveness of exercises to strengthen the ligaments is an obvious fact. For example, the use of an expander and dumbbells is suitable for the hands.

You can also do exercises on the crossbar, push up from the floor or stand on your hands.

Bundles on the lower limbs can be trained by jumping rope or squatting.

Strengthening the ligaments of the ankle

Most ankle joint is prone to injury. It is here that the famous Achilles tendon is located. The ankle should withstand the weight of the body and ensure its correct distribution when walking. Therefore, its vulnerability is of great importance.

Even with sedentary work, you can perform exercises to strengthen the ankle joints. To do this, you can roll your feet with a bottle of water, a tennis ball or perform a circular motion with your feet. This will strengthen both the ankle and the foot itself.

You can scatter small items on the floor and collect them with your toes, folding into a box. But the best exercise for the ankle will be running on sand or small pebbles.

Strengthening the ligament of the foot

It is equally important to train the ligaments of the foot itself. In this case, it will be appropriate to exercise with the ball, as well as alternate walking on socks and heels. In addition, a rubber band can be used to train the foot. Variants of exercises can be several:

1. You can tie a ribbon of feet and, standing on the heels, try to dissolve them in the sides.
2. It is possible to fasten one end of the elastic band to the support, and the other to put on the leg. Then pull the foot towards you, stretching the rubber.
3. The resultant strengthening exercise will be stretching. To do this, you need to stand up barefoot on the step, so that the front of the foot is on it, and the heel - on the weight. After this, the heel should be lowered as far as possible, without tearing off the sock, and return to its original position.

Exercises are simple, they do not require much time, but they will save a person from serious injuries.

A source: http://MedOtvet.com/vosstanovlenie-sustavov/sposoby-ukrepleniya-svyazok-i-suhozhilii.html

Tendons and ligaments of horses: recovery, nutrition, what is, the degree of injury to the horse

Muscles, ligaments, tendons - we often used these terms together. But one who knows medicine knows: muscles, ligaments and tendons form part of the locomotor system of a horse, have different functional characteristics, and develop in different ways.

They and the ability to recover are different. To begin with, we will say that tendons and ligaments tend to develop more slowly than muscles. According to its development, ligaments and tendons in the horse, lag eight times from the muscular apparatus.

On the development and timing of the restoration of the horse's muscles is sufficient for about a week, and the time for restoring the tendons can last up to 8 months. Trainers who do not take into account this pattern, can cause imbalance in their wards.

For example, at 6 years the horse can freely jump the routes of 140 cm, but the tendons that have not had time to ripen and sufficiently develop can stretch.

Tension of the tendons

Nature has enabled the horse's muscles to develop more quickly, but has not taken into account the man's addiction to excessive sport. Because of this, the tendons and ligaments in the horse are very vulnerable.

They do not have effective mechanisms for accelerated development and growth.

Professional instructors are obliged to remember the basics of sports veterinary medicine, they must correctly calculate the load in preparation for the competition.

What are tendons and ligaments?

Tendons and bundles of horse - we will understand the definition of these terms. The tendon is what the muscle attaches to the bone.

They are a connecting fiber between the muscle and bone.

The binder connects the bones of the skeleton and represents a dense formation of connective tissue.

Building material for ligaments and tendons

Bundles and tendons of a horse differ little in their structure. They are like ropes - many threads are stretched in parallel and packed in one package.
This design has remarkable perversity and flexibility, but the longitudinal elasticity of such a design is small.

The ligaments of the ligaments and tendons are made up of fibers of the collagen protein. There are difficulties for athletes. The formation of protein-collagen is a rather difficult and long process. Collagen is formed through complex chemical reactions, with the help of vitamins and a variety of mineral elements.

Collagen is not digested in its original form, you can not just take the horse's collagen as a feed. Something to replace collagen is impossible - this is a rare protein.

No protein contains enough hydroxyprol found in collagen.

Hence, the formation of tendons and ligaments can not be stimulated with the help of food additives.

However, the society of the food industry has invented something all the same. Food companies began to produce protein decay products, rather than protein. These are polypeptides, free vitamins, amino acids.

In the digestion, these products do not need, they come directly into the blood and participate in the production of protein inside the body.

Since collagen formation is a complex process, the effect of decay products (polypeptides, vitamins, amino acids) is limited.

The elasticity of the tendon protects the body from rupture under considerable loads and with abrupt movements.

Within normal limits, the greater the elasticity of the connective tissue, the safer the muscle tension.

Due to the parallel collagen fibers tendons acquire elasticity. Traumatized fibers after the injury grow together chaotically.

Therefore, at first, after injury, the fused place is less elastic. They have very low strength.

For a long time, the collagen filaments will be reconstructed into clearly defined patterns, and the operability of the ligaments will be restored.

It takes some time to restore and reconstruct the protein fibers into the prescribed circuits. This is also a point of delay in the development of tendons and ligaments. Having studied these facts, we see that the development of tendons and ligaments lags eight times from the development of muscles.

The period of supercompensation of muscles, as we know from previous articles, lasts from 7 to 10 days, then tendon-ligament apparatus regrouping and recovery of collagen fibers does not take less than 2 months.

Supercompensation effect

Rehabilitation and rehabilitation period

The period of rehabilitation of the tendons and ligaments in the horse after injury is divided into 3 stages:

1. A few days will last the stage of inflammation. At this stage, the permeability of the capillaries increases. Therefore, a fluid rich in building ingredients, from the capillaries and small veins, moves into the tendon tissues. When moving this fluid, the damaged area is filled with immune cells. Persistent swelling in the tissues of the tendons and joints indicates a flowing inflammation. This is the body's response to the excess of the partial loads for this stage of development of tendons, permanent microtrauma in the future. The competitive horse is completely freed from training and work under the saddle for the duration of the injury. To walk an injured horse should be very careful. A quiet pace and a short time.
2. The proliferation stage lasts for a long time. At this stage, the tendon tissue proliferates - the fibers regenerate. Collagen fibers accumulate randomly. The tendon filaments are not parallel, but chaotic. The process of growth can last several weeks - it depends on the amount of initial damage. After the termination of growth of fabrics, the restored tendon loses former elasticity and flexibility. At the stage of proliferation, it is necessary to exclude sharp jumps, because even though the tissues began to recover, the elasticity of the tendons has not returned. At the first serious load the horse will return to the first period of inflammation. If the temperature of the ligament in a calm state has returned to normal, edema is absent, with free lynx movement free unbound - the stage of proliferation is over.
3. The period of remodeling will last for some time. This is the stage when the veins of collagen are rearranged in the direction of the load. It is necessary to understand that the fibers have just started to be rebuilt, so very light loads are needed. Once the tendon is restored, its strength and adaptation to mechanical stress increases. While the period of remodeling of the load takes place must be increased neatly and gradually, the dryness and temperature of the tendons should be strictly monitored. Every day we must carefully examine the condition of the restored tissues of the horse. In the case of the appearance of edema, changes in temperature, softening of tissues, it is necessary to reduce the intensity of the loads.

Remember!

Nutrition and support and tendons

In the tendons is well developed lymphatic network, but very few blood vessels. Means, feeding of tendons is carried out due to substances of intercellular liquid.

This explains why the drugs for recovery are applied externally, and not through the digestive system or through the blood.

Given the peculiarities of the tendons and ligaments in horses in the possibility of feeding and their lag in development, consider external stimulating substances as an essential element in the care of a young athletic horse.

But the use of bandages and other fixing tendons can not always be, this will cause the tendons and ligaments to lag eight times from the muscular apparatus.

The development of the tendon-ligament apparatus is characterized by the same laws of supercompensation, which are applied to the muscles. This means that the tendon must respond to irritation with super-recovery and strain.

Development of tendons is not due to the elimination of the load bandages, but due to the correct training program, selected for each horse without taking into account bandages.

To advise to apply bandages it is possible only for the period of proliferation, for training with the big intensity and in the period of competitions.

Degrees of Injury

There are various injuries of ligaments and tendons in horses. The severity of sprain is divided into three degrees:

• slight pain with a slight rupture of the ligament fibers;
• moderate pain, disability, edema;
• severe pain, ligament rupture and joint instability.

Also three degrees of severity is classified and stretching the tendon:

1. moderate (loss of 25% of fibers) pain during exercise:
2. average degree of damage (loss of 25-75% of fibers), prolonged pain during rest:
3. full rupture (more than 75%), severe pain, damaged muscle can not be reduced.

A source: https://VseOKone.ru/suxozhiliya-i-svyazki-otstaem-v-vosem-raz.html

Tendons and ligament difference

Find out what causes connective tissue ruptures, not only for professional athletes, but also for ordinary visitors to the gym.

In sports, ligament ruptures are very common, but this does not mean that an ordinary person is completely immune from this damage.

A rupture of the ligament of the shoulder or knee joints is easy enough to make and this can happen when only one sharp movement occurs.

However, in a zone of special risk, no doubt, there are people experiencing great physical exertion. Today we will tell you why ligaments and tendons are torn.

Rupture of ligaments and tendons - what is it?

First it is worthwhile to tell about what the ligaments and tendons are. In this case, it will be much easier to understand the causes and mechanisms of their damage.

Ligaments are special formations of connective tissue that connect parts of the skeleton or internal organs. Also one of their functions is the direction of movement of the joint. As a result, when the ligament is ruptured, the joint can not work properly either.

In comparison with conventional connective tissues, the ligaments are very strong, since the fibers are not directed along, but have an oblique or cross-over.

Some ligaments are able to withstand a long time load of a hundred kilos. Agree that it is not entirely clear why the ligaments and tendons are torn.

However, we will talk about this later.

The tendons also consist of connective tissues, and their main task is the attachment of muscles to the skeleton. They consist of small parallel bundles of collagen fibers, between which there are fibrocytes.

In comparison with the ligament tendons are even more strength, but inferior to them in the ability to stretch. Since the tendons attach the muscles to the bones, they also transfer efforts to the bone levers.

Let's return to the question of why ligaments and tendons are torn, but first we should say about the presence of two types of this trauma:

1. Full Gap- the integrity of all fibers of the ligament is impaired. This concerns the rupture of the ligament in two parts, as well as the damage to the attachment site.

• Partial break- this damage is often called sprain, and only a fraction of the fibers break. In this situation, the functionality of the bundle is practically not violated.

So we came to the question of why ligaments and tendons are torn. In total, doctors distinguish two types of causes of ligament damage:

1. Degenerative- are associated with the processes of wear fibers of ligaments or tendons and they can be considered natural, as with age the body wears out. In addition, degenerative ligament rupture can be caused by a decrease in the quality of blood supply.
2. Traumatic- damage of this type is the result of heavy lifting, sudden movement or falling. The main symptom of such damage is acute pain.

If we talk about the consequences of ligament rupture, then with timely intervention, problems do not arise. Another thing is if after the ligament rupture the treatment was not started in time, then the most serious consequences are possible.

Symptoms of rupture of ligaments and tendons

We already know why ligaments and tendons are torn, and now I want to talk about the symptoms of this trauma, because they can be general and specific, depending on the joint. Among the common symptoms it is worth noting the following:

• Painful sensations arise not only when performing movements, but also at rest.
• In the area of ​​the source of pain, movement is limited, for example, you can not bend your arm.
• The instability of the joint, located near the source of pain.
• Edema of this joint.
• During the movement, there are strange sounds, say, crunching or clicking.
• On the damaged part of the body there is a feeling of tingling and numbness.

And now we will consider the specific symptoms of this damage, because with the question of why ligaments and tendons are torn, everything is clear.

1. The rupture of the ovaries.The main symptoms of damage to these ligaments are wheezing and frequent coughing. In addition, on the bundles can be formed, the so-called "singing knots and the voice can completely or partially disappear. This trauma is common among vocalists, since the ligaments have a serious load.

• Rupture of ligaments of the shoulder.In this case, all the main symptoms are typical and the person does not manage to perform those movements that require the operation of the shoulder joint. If the fracture was partial, then surgical intervention is often not required. Frequent cases where people complain about the rupture of ligaments of the biceps are common, which is not always the correct statement. If a crash was heard during the injury, and the symptoms resemble a ligament rupture, the tendons were probably damaged.
• Rupture of ligament cords.If, with a passive retraction of the forearm, you feel pain (movement is performed by an unauthorized person, not injured), then we can talk about the rupture of the ligaments of the elbow joint. Also often in this situation, you can observe the displacement of the forearm outward.
• Rupture of ligament brushes.In this situation, the victim feels a sharp pain on the ulnar side of the wrist, as well as clicks when you press a certain point. It is also noticeable displacement of the elbow and radius in the direction of the palm.
• Rupture of ligament.In this case, you can observe the deviation of the phalanx in any direction. If the rupture of the interphalangeal ligament was complete, the finger is straightened and remains in this position. In comparison with healthy fingers, the difference is very good.
• Rupture of ligaments of the hip joint.In addition to the main symptoms, it should be noted the appearance of pain when trying to tilt the body.
• Rupture of knee ligaments.The knee joint has a rather complex structure, and when talking about why ligaments and tendons are torn and what symptoms are manifested, one should talk about each ligament in more detail. Very often people get damage to the lateral ligaments of the knee joint. Determine the trauma can be visually by the characteristic deviation of the ankle out (trauma of the inner lateral ligament) or inside (damage to the outer ligament). If the cruciate ligament was torn, the patient feels the syndrome of the "drawer". In simple terms, the flexion of the knee is significantly shifted back or forward. Another common injury is the tearing of the meniscus, which is often accompanied by a fracture. Among athletes this damage is widespread. The main symptom of the injury lies in the desire of the injured not to unbend the knee joint. Otherwise, there is a sharp pain.
• Rupture of ligaments of the foot (ankle).Most often, bruises appear quickly on the damaged area of ​​the body, and when you try to stand on your leg, an acute painful sensation appears. Before the beginning of treatment of this trauma an additional examination is always conducted, consisting in the use of X-ray, CT or MRI. If the gap turned out to be partial, then in most cases the matter does without surgical intervention.

What to do and how to treat ligament ruptures?

If a ligament is to be ruptured, it is necessary to immobilize that part of the body that has suffered.

Until a medical worker arrives, the victim should try not to move.

You can also attach ice to the damaged area of ​​the body to slow the blood flow and calm pain. Also in this case, edema will be much less.

We have already said that if the ligament is ruptured, additional diagnostic tools can be used:

• Computed Tomography (CT)- helps not only to determine the degree of injury, but also to track the results of treatment.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- gives an opportunity to know the number of damaged fibers, as well as the degree of complexity of the injury.
• X-ray- provides an opportunity to clarify the consequences of the injury, for example, will reveal a fracture.

Answering a question, why ligaments and tendons are torn, it is necessary to tell and about possible ways of treatment of this damage.

If the gap was partial, then in most cases enough conservative methods of treatment.

In this case, a dressing is applied to the damaged area of ​​the body, which can limit the mobility of the joint. It is also necessary to start taking anti-inflammatory medications.

After a successful operation, you must additionally work on the complete restoration of ligament functions. For this, various methods of physiotherapy are used, for example, diadynamic methods.

During the rehabilitation period, massage, as well as warming compresses or ointments, are extremely effective.

However, it is important to withstand a certain time after getting injured, so that the ligament is fully grown together.

When the ligaments of the ankle are ruptured, it is often recommended to wear special shoes, or for a certain period of time to continue using strong bandages. Another excellent tool for accelerating recovery is exercise therapy.

Thanks to her, the damaged ligaments completely restore their former capacity for work. However, you must remember that all exercises for physiotherapy are selected by a medical professional.

This is due to the need to use an individual approach to each specific injury.

A source: http://hw11.ru/8413

The role of ligaments and tendons in arm-wrestling | CMT: Scientific Approach

I was always struck by the amazing illiteracy of most arm wrestlers in matters relating to the tendon-ligament apparatus.

First, they constantly mix ligaments with tendons. Secondly, they attribute some amazing qualities to the bundles.

The thickness of the tendons confidently declare a genetic predisposition to arm-wrestling.

One gets the impression that most of the handlers never opened an anatomy textbook. But no, it did.

The same athletes are well aware of the round and square pronator, the muscle supinator, the functions of the brachial muscle.

That is, those anatomical moments about which the average visitor of the gym has a very vague idea. So why such ignorance in the question of ligaments and tendons? Honestly, I do not know.

I hope that my article will allow you to better understand the role of the tendon-ligament apparatus in arm-wrestling and will force to reconsider the generally accepted provisions.

Bundles

Bundles are connective tissue bands, whose strength is increased by the fact that their constituent fibers do not go in parallel, but have a cross and oblique course.

Some of the ligaments, such as the iliac-femoral or the long plantar, can withstand the tensile load of several hundred kilograms. (M. F. Ivanitsky).

Constructed ligaments from dense connective tissue, rich in collagen fibers. Elastin in the ligaments is higher than in the tendons, so they are more stretchable.

The function of the ligaments is to strengthen the joints. With muscles, they are not related and therefore do not take any part in muscle contraction. Therefore, it is impossible to download a bundle in principle.

At the same time, the synthesis of protein under the influence of growth hormone (GH) occurs in the ligaments.

Therefore, performing exercises in statodynamics, namely this mode promotes maximum GH secretion, we increase the concentration of growth hormone in the blood, and from the total blood flow, part of the hormones will be absorbed and tissue ligaments. So the ligaments are enough for ordinary training without any specialization to maintain their condition.

Constant stretching load on the ligaments does not lead to training them, but to overexertion. And this process is irreversible.

Former athletes - swimmers, representatives of rhythmic gymnastics and other sports, requiring athletes with increased flexibility, at the end of their careers often suffer from loose joints and the spine. They have only two options: either to perform an operation to remove part of the ligament, or continue to the end of life, strength training. Then the muscles take on the function of stabilizing the joints. But if you just stop exercising, the muscle tone falls and the joints start to fly out again.

The wrestlers often have a habitual dislocation of the shoulder. Some of them even managed to get their hands on it. It is nothing more than a hyperextension of the ligaments of the shoulder joint and it can be cured only by surgery.

Elbow joint

The elbow joint is a fairly strong joint.

Stability is provided by the shape of the block-shaped shoulder-elbow joint, annular ligament, weave radial collateral and fan-shaped ulnar collateral ligaments.

For any technical variant used in armwrestling, the main movement is the pronation of the shoulder, performed in a static mode.

Accordingly, in the process of struggle to the joint, there will always be a force applied in the direction of his supination, turning the bones of the forearm out of the joint. It would seem that the restraining role of the medial ligaments of the joint should be crucial, but this is not entirely true.

First, the joint greatly strengthens the strained muscles, and as the muscles of the forearm, which are attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, both and flexors of the forearm, which, although they apply a force perpendicular to the acting force, but a strong flexor tension, balanced counteracting force of the partner, contributes to the stabilization of the joint and reduces the load from the ligament apparatus in any direction of the attached force. That is, first of all, the load does not fall on the ligaments, but on the muscles and tendons, especially the forearms.

Therefore, diseases and injuries of the medial ligaments of the forearm are extremely rare, while diseases and injuries of the tendons are not found more often.

For example, the medial epicondylitis known to everyone, the elbow of a golfer.

This inflammation of the tendons, attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the following muscles: round pronator, radial flexor of wrist, ulnar flexor of wrist, superficial flexor fingers.

Secondly, the strength of the elbow joint is high enough and even if the muscle tone decreases, for example, in the position of the fight in a dangerous position, when the shoulder in the frontal plane comes forward grip, there is no rupture of ligaments, and helical fracture of the humerus - the most common injury in armwrestling. So the strength of the ligaments is not a limiting link, in contrast to the strength of the tendons. Constant fighting in a dangerous situation during training may not lead to a fracture, but will lead to overextension of the medial ligaments and subsequent destabilization of the joint, the consequences of which I have already wrote.

Tendons

Tendons are the connective tissue part of the muscles by which they attach to the bones. The tendon consists of compact parallel bundles of collagen fibers, between which are rows of fibroblasts.

As already mentioned, the tendons are more durable and less tensile than the ligaments.

The main functional significance of tendons is that, by fixing the places of attachment of muscles to the bones, they ensure the transmission of muscular efforts to the bone levers.

Despite the fact that the tendons are directly involved in muscular work, they themselves do not have contractile elements and represent, by and large, simply the cables connecting the muscles to the bones, and they do not exert significant influence on the manifested force influence. Imagine that you are going to pull out of the mud a jammed car comrade. You customize your car and attach a tow rope to the cars.

So pull the car you can only if the power of your car will be able to create the necessary effort for this. And if you use one cable or hang five, it does not matter.

If the strength of one cable is sufficient to withstand the necessary force, then there is no need to add others. So in muscular work. The tendon is the same cable, and the muscle is the towing machine.

The width and strength of the tendon does not give any advantages, because the traction force creates only the myofibrillar apparatus of the muscles. Though here it is necessary to make a reservation.

A wide and strong tendon indirectly indicates a large number of muscle fibers, and this is an indicator of genetic endowments for power sports.

But the strength is determined not by the number of fibers in the working muscle, but by the number of myofibrils. Muscle fiber (MB) can increase its diameter by 5 times due to the increase in the number of myofibrils.

And an athlete with a relatively small amount of hypertrophic CF will have more myofibrils than an athlete with a lot of MB, but of medium size.

And although the first tendon will be thinner, it will have an advantage in strength.

It is not for nothing that ancient times it is said about people of heroic composition and about people wiry, not inferior to them in power.

Resilient, so the tendons are clearly visible under the skin, which is possible when they are away from the joint.

Such people apply much less muscle effort in performing a certain motor action than their less gifted rivals. Therefore, do not be surprised that, having a smaller diameter of the working muscle, they are able to develop greater strength. The laws of mechanics!

So remember, if the lean guy in training can easily deal with more massive his opponents are not stronger than the ligament or tendon, and the attachment points of the tendons are further from the axis of rotation the joint.

But all these speculations of the great athlete have no scientific justification. Strength is determined solely by the development of the muscular component. In no way do I want to belittle Zass's greatness.

On the contrary, I consider him one of the greatest athletes of all time and people and I plan to write a series of articles about him and his training system.

But
Zass was not a scientist, he was not a doctor and did not even have a higher education.

He developed his system based on his own experience and experiments.

Zass had a unique genetics, just in terms of the great distance from the attachment point of the tendons to the axis rotation of the joints, which allowed him to show outstanding power results with a modest muscular mass. By the way he got genetics from his father. He without any training easily broke the horseshoe.

Zass's isometric gymnastics from the point of view of sports adaptology has no advantage for development of tendons before dynamic training, although it is sufficiently effective for the growth of strength. The growth of the tendon occurs together with hyperplasia of myofibrils.

Myofibrils grow 10-14 days, and their end parts, entering the tendon 50-90 days. With a properly organized training process, the growth of myofibrils is always accompanied by a thickening of the tendons.

Unfortunately, in sports such a process is practically impossible. Impact loads, struggle with the start injure the tendons, and they need about 50 days to recover.

But no athlete will not stop developing training for such a period.

But the growth of the connective tissue of the tendon is much slower than muscle growth and when applying shock loads, plyometric exercises, sparring from the start, the tendon wears and tears. I must say that there is no rupture of the tendon as such.

Separation always occurs in the place of attachment of the tendon to the bone.

In 2012 at competitions to me have torn off a distal tendon of a biceps. The next morning they had an operation, put it on a titanium anchor. The operating surgeon showed me the pictures.

I was struck by how much my tendon was worn, thin and defective. The doctor said that all athletes have a similar picture. The reality of big sport is that no one gives time to restore tendons.

A two-month break in a season no one can afford, and injuries accumulate and tendons wear out.

The tendon is disintegrated and ends of the collagen filaments scratch the walls of the tendon sheath. Hence the constant aching pain.

In order for these protruding threads to die and to be destroyed, it is necessary to stop or significantly reduce the burden, otherwise this slow inflammatory process will continue.

The best way in this case is the treatment with nitric oxide using air-plasma apparatus "Plazon" (for more details, see my article "NO-therapy in the treatment of sports injuries ". ZHM No. 9).

Somatropin is absorbed from the general blood stream by active tissues.

Blood vessels enter the tendon from the side of the abdomen of the muscle and from it the GH penetrates into the tendon tissue.

After the basic exercise on the release of GH, it is necessary to perform exercises to strengthen the tendons. This is achieved by volumetric training work of low intensity.

It is desirable that the movements are performed with the maximum possible amplitude for this joint and in all directions. (Zatsiorsky V. M., Seluyanov V. N., Arunin A.S. 1981).

It is this kind of training and work in statodynamics that should be followed with injuries and tenderness in the tendons.

The story of the tendons will be incomplete if we say that when performing quick movements we can still use the elastic properties of the tendons. They provide an increase in the working effect due to the use of additional (non-metabolic) mechanical energy.

Elastic deformation of tendons and exerted muscles with their stretching by external force leads to the accumulation in their substance of a certain voltage potential, which, with the onset of contraction, is used as an essential force additive to the traction force of muscles, increasing their power reduction.

The greater the contribution of such a power additive to traffic, the higher its working effect (for more details, see my interview article with V. N. Seluyanov "Elastic deformation in power sports" LM No. 9).

There she gives a significant increase.

conclusions:

1. The thickness and strength of the tendon do not give an advantage in strength.
2. The thickness of the tendon only indirectly indicates a predisposition to the manifestation of force, assuming a large number of MB.
3. The distance from the attachment point of the tendon to the axis of rotation of the joint is the main criterion of giftedness.
4. Tendon training is required only to reduce injuries.
5. The best way is to apply the low-intensity volume training to the tendons after the basic exercise in statodynamics to increase the secretion of GR and training in the statodynamic regime.
6. Bunches do not participate in muscle work
7. Strength of ligaments is not a limiting factor in armwrestling
8. Bundles do not require specialized training, but are systematically strengthened during the normal training process.

Thus, the role of ligaments in arm-wrestling is greatly exaggerated.

A source: https://cmtscience.ru/articles/rol-svyazok-i-suhozhiliy-v-armrestlinge