Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Treatment of any form of pneumonia is almost impossible without the appointment of antibiotics. Thanks to the fact that today you can see a fairly wide range of this type of drug, doctors can choose the right medicine for each individual case. But antibiotics for inflammation of the lungs sometimes bring a negative effect on the body, especially if it is wrong to take them.

Indications for use of antibiotics for pneumonia

To cure pneumonia, doctors often prescribe antibiotics with an antimicrobial effect. But it is worth noting that the use of such drugs should be under the supervision of a specialist. It is also necessary to remember some important rules for the use of antibiotics. First, if you have already started the course, it must be completed. It is important to observe exactly the dose that the doctor prescribed for you. Indications for the use of antibiotics for inflammation of the lungs completely depend on the severity of the disease, as well as on what kind of microbes or bacteria caused it. Today, antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action are very popular. They can be divided into these types:

1. Penicillin: oxacillin, penicillin, augmentin, ampicillin, amoxicillin).
2. Cephalosporin type: cefexim, cephalexin, cephilim.
3. Macrolide: clarithromycin, erythromycin.
4. Aminoklikozid: azithromycin, kanamycin, gentamicin.
5. Tetracycline: minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline.
6. Fluoroquinol: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin.

Only after the cause of infection has been established, a specialist can prescribe a course of treatment.

Form of issue

The form of release of antibiotics for pneumonia can be completely different. To date, produce antibiotics in the form of powder, tablets, capsules, solutions for injection. Depending on the severity of pneumonia, as well as what caused this inflammation, prescribe different medications. The most popular in recent years are injection solutions, which are not very pleasing to the patients themselves. The latter can be explained by the fact that courses of antibiotic treatment are usually seven days. Powders are quickly absorbed by the body, therefore within the first 24 hours after admission the patient can feel considerable relief, but do not interrupt treatment or reduce the dose of powder prescribed doctor. Tablets and capsules do not have such a rapid action as solutions and powders. They are prescribed for mild stages of pneumonia, when the patient is treated at home.

Pharmacodynamics

Antibiotics for pneumonia are various drugs that are prescribed in a variety of cases. Farmakodinamika them can differ from each other. We decided to show you the basic properties of preparations of this kind on the example of the popular antibiotic "Ceftriaxone".

This drug belongs to the semi-synthetic antibiotic cephalosporins from the third generation. Due to its chemical structure, it is highly effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antibiotic quickly inhibits the synthesis of membranes in cells.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of different antibiotics, which are used for inflammation of the lungs, can be completely different. Therefore, we consider it using the example of the popular preparation "Ceftriaxone".

This antibiotic is injected intramuscularly rather quickly after absorption by the body. The largest amount in the blood plasma is seen after 90 minutes after administration. Half-excreted from the body after eight hours. This period increases in infants and reaches the day. During the next 24 hours, the blood retains a high bactericidal concentration of the drug. Very quickly and without problems penetrates into the tissues, in small amounts is visible on the mucous membranes. Two days after the injection, partially (50%) is excreted along with the urine.

Use of antibiotics for pneumonia during pregnancy

Despite the fact that this is a rather serious disease, with the proper selection of antibiotics and other drugs, pneumonia is treated quickly and without complications during pregnancy. It is very important to remember that not all antibiotics can be safely used by future mothers. Of course, light drugs that treat the first stages of the disease do not harm pregnant women. They usually do not even have side effects. In severe pneumonia, antibiotics can be prescribed only when there is a risk to the life of the mother.

Contraindications for use

Some types of antibiotics that are used to treat pneumonia may have contraindications to the use. That is why it is very important to talk about this with your doctor before he appoints a course. Typically, antibiotics for inflammation of the lung have such contraindications as: an allergic reaction to the components of the drug, renal or hepatic insufficiency, a child's age, pregnancy. More specific information can always be read in the leaflet.

Side effects

Some antibiotics do not have serious side effects. Sometimes patients report skin rashes, facial puffiness, headache, dizziness, panic attacks, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. If you feel yourself in one of the above, you should immediately stop taking antibiotics and go to your doctor to change the course of treatment.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

Here everything depends on the degree of pneumonia. When hospitalized with pneumonia, when a patient simply has to stay in the hospital under the supervision of doctors, the following antibiotics are usually prescribed.

Amoxicillin. Antibiotic with antibacterial effect, which is a semi-synthetic penicillin. It is indicated for use in severe pneumonia. Due to its high acid resistance, it is absorbed in the intestines quite quickly and without consequences. Before you prescribe the drug, the doctor must find out if a person is sensitive to it. A special analysis is carried out for this purpose. The dose is usually set individually and depends on many factors. Assign to adults and children after ten years. Among the main side effects is possible to identify possible allergic reactions (mainly urticaria), rhinitis, Quincke's edema, fever, conjunctivitis. The drug is contraindicated in patients with erythema, infectious mononucleosis. Also not recommended for pregnant women.

Ticarcillin. This antibiotic is also a semi-synthetic penicillin. Has an antibacterial effect against a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The drug is not recommended during pregnancy, as well as those who have impaired renal function. An antibiotic is usually sold in the form of a solution for injection. The course of treatment depends on the patient. Among the side effects are the following: hypokalemia, vomiting with nausea, diarrhea, allergic reactions to the skin. During the introduction of the drug into the body feels burning, pain, and redness may appear.

If the original scheme did not bring the expected results, use such antibiotics for pneumonia.

Cefepime. It is a highly effective antibacterial agent. Helps cure pneumonia, which was caused by gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, as well as those that already have resistance to third-generation drugs. Very quickly enters the affected cell. Effective fights with many infectious diseases. It is usually released as a solution for injection and is administered intravenously or intramuscularly (depending on the individual situation). The main feature of the drug is the fact that it can be prescribed to young children and even infants from two months. The course of treatment is usually seven to ten days. There were practically no side effects from the drug, as it is well tolerated. Do not prescribe to patients with allergic reactions to the main substances of the antibiotic.

With community-acquired pneumonia, when the patient can be treated at home, such antibiotics are prescribed.

Azithromycin. The drug has a wide spectrum of action. As a rule, it is prescribed to patients for non-severe forms of pneumonia. Before the doctor prescribes an antibiotic for you, you need to analyze the sensitivity of your body. It is taken on an empty stomach (it is possible before meals or two hours after eating). Produced in the form of tablets. The drug can be given to children with a body weight of at least 10 kg. Among the main side effects, it is worth highlighting possible diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, allergic rashes. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy and during lactation. Be wary appoint patients with malfunctioning kidneys.

Clarithromycin. Quite a strong antibacterial drug. Usually it is prescribed in order to cure the various infectious processes that were caused by bacteria. Produced in the form of tablets, which can be taken regardless of the use of food. It is very important to go through the entire course of treatment prescribed by the doctor to the end. Usually the duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and is 4-12 days. Among the main side effects should be distinguished: skin rashes allergic type, stomatitis, nausea and vomiting, glossitis, changes in taste, dizziness, headache, insomnia, tachycardia, hypoglycemia. Do not take children under 12 years old, as well as those who may have allergies to the drug.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in tablets

Among the main antibiotics for pneumonia in tablets is:

1. Ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic in the form of tablets, which acts on a fairly wide range of different bacteria. It is often prescribed for pneumonia. Quickly absorbed if taken on an empty stomach. The standard course of treatment is five to fifteen days, depending on the severity of the disease. The antibiotic is well tolerated. In some cases, allergic reactions, abdominal pain, swelling of the face, voice change, nausea, and lack of appetite are possible. The drug is contraindicated in patients with epilepsy, during pregnancy and lactation, in childhood.
2. Doxycycline. Antibacterial drug, which refers to semisynthetic tetracyclines. It has a wide spectrum of action. Used to treat infections that were caused by those bacteria that are sensitive to the components of the drug. Produced in the form of tablets or capsules, which must be drunk after eating. It is very important to drink the product with plenty of liquid. Usually the course of taking the drug lasts up to fourteen days. After taking the antibiotic in some patients, nausea, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, allergies, swelling, and itching were seen. The drug should not be taken in the second half of pregnancy, with breastfeeding. It is forbidden to appoint children under the age of nine, patients with leukopenia, liver failure and porphyria.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in the form of injections

Among the main antibiotics in the form of injections, which are used to treat pneumonia, we can distinguish:

1. Benzylpenicillin. An antibiotic, which is often prescribed for pneumonia. Has a wide range of effects on most bacteria that can cause pneumonia. Usually it is prescribed for severe disease. It is produced in the form of a powder, by means of which a solution for injections is made. During pregnancy, it is prescribed only if the life of the mother is threatened by a severe form of pneumonia. Among the side effects are allergic reactions, eosinophilia, rashes, swelling, vomiting and nausea, headache. The course of treatment is strictly individual.
2. Ceftriaxone. The antibiotic is available in the form of a powder, which is used to prepare a solution for injections. It is usually administered intramuscularly, after which it is very well absorbed. Sometimes in individual cases, injected intravenously. Side effects are not always evident, as the drug is very well tolerated by patients. In some cases, there may be vomiting, nausea, headache, or diarrhea. Allergic skin reactions also appear. The course of admission is prescribed depending on the severity of the disease. Sometimes candidiasis can develop. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy or with liver failure.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

The basis of any treatment of pneumonia is the appointment of antibiotics. Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults is treated, approximately, seven to ten days. It is very important to take exactly the amount of medicine that the doctor prescribed for you. The duration of the course usually depends on many factors: the form of the disease, how weak the immune system is in the patient, what its general condition is. Typically, in order to cure pneumonia in adults, the following treatment regimen is used:

1. At first, antibiotics are prescribed, which have a fairly large range of action on different bacteria (ceftriaxone or suprax). Until the time when the exact causative agent of infection is detected, it is very important that a small amount of these antibacterial drugs is constantly present in the body. In accordance with this, an individual course is selected.
2. If the patient has symptoms similar to the so-called atypical infections, you should immediately write out special antibiotics (clarithromycin, sumamed). At the same time, drugs that were prescribed earlier should not be refused.
3. To achieve an effective result, whole combinations of different drugs are often prescribed. The most popular recently are: sumamed and suprax, ceftriaxone and clarithromycin (or vice versa).
4. Sometimes the inflammation begins to progress, moving to other segments of the lungs. In this case, the best option would be such combinations: amikacin and ceftriaxone or augmentin with suprax.
5. At the same time, adults are prescribed antibiotics that help to bring out sputum faster, eliminate alveolar inflammation (eg, ambroxol).
6. If pneumonia is accompanied by fever, antipyretic agents should also be used.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Bacterial pneumonia in children requires mandatory use of antibiotics. Before the results of tests for the types of bacteria that caused the disease are used, antibiotics of a wider scope (sumamed, augmentin, cefazolinum, ceftriaxone) are used. In addition, it is important to determine the clinical type of the disease in order to prescribe another drug, depending on it (immunal or ferocious). Before prescribing drugs, you need to make sure that the child does not have allergies to their ingredients. Antibiotics for pneumonia in children are taken no more than ten days. Even if wheezing and fever have disappeared, it is necessary to continue taking medications for another two to three days.

Methods and dosages of antibiotics for pneumonia

Usually, the methods of administration and doses of antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed individually, depending on the patient's condition, the severity of the disease and the attendant symptoms. Sometimes the course can last even up to 15 days. But, remember, if you did not see improvement in the state after three to four for after the beginning of the admission, it is better to change the course of treatment.

Overdose

Since the course of taking antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed strictly by a doctor, an overdose is practically not possible. Do not try to increase or decrease the dose, this can lead to serious consequences.

Interactions with other drugs

Most antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed in combination with other drugs (antipyretic, relieving inflammation, from sputum). Therefore, we can say that they interact well with other means.

Storage conditions

The storage conditions for antibiotics depend on the form in which they are manufactured. Usually injectable solutions and powders are used in a shorter time. Also it is worth remembering that an open drug with a solution can not be reused, even if there is a drug left there. For more information, see the instructions that always come with the product.

Shelf life

First of all, it is worthwhile to understand that taking antibiotics with expired shelf life is unacceptable. This can lead to serious consequences. Overdue drugs most often cause side effects. No doctor can accurately predict how exactly this drug will behave in the body. That's why always check the expiration date of antibiotics, which are usually written on the drug package.

The best antibiotic for pneumonia

It is difficult to say that a single drug is better than the rest for the treatment of pneumonia. But recently the following antibiotics have proved to be well: tavanik, avelox, loxof. Usually they are taken one tablet once a day. It is best to combine antibiotics with other drugs (for example, with augmentin or amoxiclav). Within ten to fourteen days with this course of treatment, you can completely overcome pneumonia. In the event that even on the fourth day of antibiotics you do not see an improvement in your condition, and the body temperature keeps at a high level, you should consult your doctor. In such cases, azitro-sandoz or sumamed is often prescribed instead of augmentin.

ilive.com.ua

Are there any doctors here? Pneumonia. Appointed nyxes in the clinic. 2 times a day.

Answers:

Ksenia Girman

pneumonia (pneumonia) is a disease of the lung tissue that is caused by a pathogenic pathogen-on the x-ray is manifested by darkening the affected lobe of the lung. the disease is very serious, even if the intoxication syndrome is not strongly pronounced. Cough in this case is more reflex, but at the end of the disease, sputum may appear antibiotic therapy - a necessary condition. Citrofax is cephalosporin (an antibiotic of the 3rd generation) with a wide spectrum of action. it is very important to puncture for at least 5 days. otherwise the causative agent of the disease will develop resistance. In parallel, detoxification, symptomatic and restorative therapy is necessary.

Irina Chernookaya

You are prescribed the right treatment, antibiotics should be stitched as much as indicated. Cough after treatment may persist for a while, then it will pass. After injections, vitamin-containing drugs are prescribed, preparations for general recovery, everything should be done exactly as directed by doctors. Inflammation of the lungs is a very serious disease.

Julia Sergeeva

Unfortunately, there is only one way to prescribe an antibiotic that exactly kills an infection: it can only be done after sowing the infection for sensitivity to antibiotics, but there is usually no time for this. Such an analysis will take more than one day. Therefore, as a rule, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is prescribed. If within 3-4 days there is no effect, it is replaced by another one. Until the inflammation cures, the cough will not pass. And after curing a cough for a while can be. Doctors are not gods ...

Ivan Ivanych

Yes, such treatment is effective, and, as we, doctors, it is said, is adequate. And what exactly bothers you?

Vasiliy Terkin

You have been given the right antibiotic and surprisingly correctly chosen solvents, pneumonia is not as scary now as 200 years ago, so go ahead, for injections ...

S.K.

Strange affair! Inflamed THIRD lung, that is, SHARE, hence it is croupous pneumonia. And at such diagnosis you have not placed in a hospital? Moreover - injections are prescribed in the polyclinic, that is, a person with croupous pneumonia should twice a day to hang out. FIG knows where? Well, doctors are on you pokrenu, as well as on others, but you are something yourself, a suicide? Demand hospitalization, you may develop respiratory failure within minutes and stupidly move horses if there is no intensive care unit nearby.

ewgeny gasnikov

To me, 10 years ago, at the same time, a course of antibiotics (21 days) was prescribed, 18 days passed, both before the bath and after the bath, that is, the result is equal to
zero. They said that on Monday they will be discharged from the hospital (it was Thursday);
decided to heal himself-every morning did, for 15 minutes - ** solar breath **
with the wise ** Dragon head. ** As a result, for three in the morning, he achieved that they could not do antibiotics, for 18 days.

Antibiotics for bronchitis

The thunderstorm of the autumn-spring period is bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - sore throat or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only the doctor will say. Many people avoid using strong medicines and are treated with folk remedies. Often this is the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis in the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken alone - be sure to contact your doctor.

Scheme of treatment of bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is carried out in a hospital or outpatient. Light bronchitis is successfully eliminated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and apply different healing procedures. Thus, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• having a tendency to allergies;
• the nature of the disease (acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used (speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics powerfully affect the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant intake of antibiotics inhibits immunity, promotes the emergence of dysbiosis, adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it can not be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature (more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for longer than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifesting severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if the analysis of sputum revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink in adults with bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is used based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With bronchitis of acute type, drugs of penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. With chronic it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, they switch to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed and others.

For the elderly, Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone are prescribed. If sputum analysis was not performed, then a wide range of antibiotics are preferred: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracycin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes directed drugs. The decision on what antibiotics to take when bronchitis in adults is taken by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. Drugs are taken strictly according to the instructions (dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is unacceptable to skip the reception of tablets.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

Children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is extremely undesirable and dangerous. It is allowed to use drugs only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. Children should take penicillin group drugs. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. In the rest the treatment scheme of the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Assign:

• bed rest, child care;
• drugs to reduce temperature;
• means for eliminating cough and sore throat;
• application of traditional medicine.

Groups of antibacterials of new generation

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as "Amoxiclav "Augmentin "Panklav etc. They have a bactericidal effect, they affect the formation of the protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the ability to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is started and the drugs with penicillin do not have the proper effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. The brightest representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are preparations "Erythromycin "Claricin "Sumamed". The mechanism of action is directed to the disturbance of the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are good for people who are allergic. In combination with penicillins reduce their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, hemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, the drugs are presented by "Afelox "Afenoxin and medications that are of the same name with the main active substance, for example, "Moxifloxacin". This group is used as a medicine for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not affect the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins (active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed "Cefalexin "Cefuroxime axetil "Cefotaxime". Limited to the effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics absolutely do not affect pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasmas, listeria. Preparations of the first generation are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are administered in the form of injections.

Which antibiotics are the most effective?

Amoxicillin. Form release - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg (1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if the bronchitis in severe form is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on the age. To facilitate admission for children, a suspension is prepared - in half a glass of water, the antibiotic is diluted and shaken. The method of intake is only oral, by injection the drug is not administered.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Produced by tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, course 3-5 days. Children dose determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medicine per 1 kg. More accurate and correct dosage will be told only by a specialist, do not neglect medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. They are positioned as antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults (over 18 years of age). Highly effective in pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by a plentiful drink. Avoid direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin. The form of release - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day for 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced by powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections per day on, 5-1 g. Therapeutic course - 7-10 days. The child's dose is determined proportionally to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stabbing - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustment is performed.

Side effects

Antibiotics because of their nature have an extensive list of side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbiosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the urogenital organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. On the part of the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

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Antibiotics for pneumonia

Antibiotics for pneumonia - the main component of the healing process. Lung inflammation begins acutely, with fever, a strong cough with brown or yellowish sputum, chest pains with coughing and breathing.

Treatment of pneumonia requires an urgent hospitalization of the patient in the therapeutic or resuscitation department (depending on the severity of the condition). Indicated bed rest, vitamin nutrition, and it is also important to consume a large amount of liquid - tea, juice, milk, mineral water.

Since inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to specific microorganisms, the most correct way to fight the pathogen is the introduction of antibiotics intramuscularly and intravenously. This method of administration makes it possible to keep a high concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the fight against bacteria. Most often, pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, since it is impossible to identify the pathogen immediately, and the slightest delay can cost lives.

In general, for the treatment of pneumonia, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of treatment, antibiotics are administered according to a special scheme. At the first stage, the antibiotic is administered parenterally - intramuscularly or intravenously, and then antibiotics are given in tablets.

Despite the wide choice of antibiotics in pharmacies, you should not self-medicate, but it is better to seek help from experienced specialist, since antibiotics are selected strictly individually, based on the analysis of the pathogen pneumonia. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is based not only on antibiotic therapy, but includes several stages in the general treatment regimen.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be most effective is established laboratory. To do this, bacterial culture of sputum is done on a special medium, and depending on which colony of bacteria begins to develop, the causative agent is established. Then they make a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, and based on these results, the patient is assigned a specific group of antibacterial drugs. But, as the process of identifying the pathogen can take up to 10 days or more, at the initial stage of treatment of pneumonia, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the concentration of the drug in the blood, it is administered by both intravenous and intramuscularly, combining with anti-inflammatory, resolving agents, vitamins, etc., eg:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. In antipnevmokokkovoy therapy prescribed benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, derivatives of cephalosporins of the third generation, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, macrolides.
• Haemophilus influenzae. With the detected hemophilic rod, aminopenicillins or amoxicillin are prescribed.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics effective against Staphylococcus aureus - oxacillin, protected aminopenicillins, cephalosporins I and II generations.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antibiotics for the treatment of mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia are macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones.
• Legionella pneumophila. Antibiotic, effective against legionella - erythromycin, rifampicin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
• Enterobacteriaceae spp. Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia caused by klibsiella or E. coli are cephalosporins of the third generation.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics can be the reason for the selection of ineffective drugs or if the intake of antibacterial agents is not taken properly - an incorrect dosage, a violation of the regimen. In normal course, antibiotics are taken to normalize the temperature and then after 3 more days. In severe cases of pneumonia, treatment may take up to 4-6 weeks. If during this period the positive dynamics of the disease is not fixed, then the cause is in the wrong antibacterial treatment. In this case, a second analysis is performed on the bacteria, after which a course of correct antibacterial therapy is conducted. After full recovery and positive results of radiography, spa treatment, smoking cessation, and increased vitamin nutrition are indicated.

In the additional treatment with antibiotics after pneumonia, the patient may need to:

• Wrongly chosen antibiotic for treatment.
• Frequent change of antibiotics.

Also, antibiotic treatment after pneumonia may be necessary in the event of a recurrence of the disease. The reason for this - long-term treatment with antibiotics, depressing the defenses of the body. Also, a similar result arises from self-medication and uncontrolled administration of antibiotics at unidentified doses.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics should be carried out in a hospital, by systematic radiographic monitoring. If after 72 hours the clinical picture does not change or if during the treatment termination the focus of inflammation on X-ray image is not reduced, a second course of treatment is shown, but already with another antibiotic, consultation is also necessary phthisiatrician.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults are prescribed depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. Pneumonia is most often caused by a variety of bacteria, less often fungi and protozoa. At the first stage of treatment, up to the end results, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, and also patient, whether he had previously had pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, is not smoker. In addition, in elderly patients, pathogens differ from similar cases in younger patients.

If the prescribed drug is ineffective and until the bacteriological analysis of sputum is obtained, the recommended antibiotic should not be changed within 3 days. This is the minimum time frame for the antibiotic concentration in the blood to reach its maximum, and it began to act on the lesion site.

• Inflammation of the lungs in patients under 60 years with a mild course appoint Avelox 400 mg per day (or Tavanik 500 mg in day) - 5 days, with him Doxycycline (2 tablets per day - the first day, the rest days - 1 tablet) - 10-14 days. You can take Avelox 400 mg and Amoxiclav 625 mg * 2 times a day - 10-14 days.
• A patient under 60 years of age, with a major illness and other chronic diseases, also a patient over 60 years old are assigned Avelox 400 mg plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram 2 times a day at least 10 days.
• Severe course of pneumonia at any age. A combination of Levofloxacin or Tavanic, intravenously plus Ceftriaxone 2 grams twice a day or Fortum, Cefepime in the same doses intramuscularly or intravenously is recommended. It is possible to administer Sumamed intravenously plus Fortum intramuscularly.
• In extremely severe pneumonia, when the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, appoint: combinations of Sumamed and Tavanik (Leflotsin), Fortum and Tavanik, Targotsida and Meronem, Sumamed and Meronema.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children begin to enter immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Obligatory admission to therapy or in a complex current in the intensive care unit are children, if:

• The child's age is less than two months, regardless of the degree of severity and localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
• A child up to three years old, diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
• The child is up to five years old, the diagnosis is the loss of more than one lobe of the lung.
• Children with a history of encephalopathy.
• A child up to a year old, a confirmed fact of intrauterine infection.
• Children with congenital defects of the heart muscle and circulatory system.
• Children with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, with diabetes mellitus and malignant blood diseases.
• Children from families who are registered with social services.
• Children from orphanages, from families with insufficient social and living conditions.
• The hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations and treatment at home is indicated.
• Children with severe pneumonia.

With mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the penicillin group, both natural and synthetic, are indicated. Natural antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and others. Semisynthetic penicillins are commonly divided into isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin), aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin), ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, piperacillin).

The described scheme of antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the results of bacterial analysis and detection of the pathogen. After identifying the pathogen further treatment is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

The names of antibiotics for pneumonia indicate which group the drug belongs to: ampicillin - oxacillin, ampiox, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalosporins - claforan, cephobid and others. For the treatment of pneumonia in modern medicine are used as synthetic and semi-synthetic, and natural antibiotics. Some types of antibiotics act selectively, only on a certain type of bacteria, and some on a fairly wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics of a wide spectrum and it is customary to start antibacterial treatment of pneumonia.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics for pneumonia:

An antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action is prescribed, proceeding from the course of the disease, the color of expectorated sputum.

• Conduct BAC sputum analysis to identify the pathogen, put the test on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics.
• Prescribe a scheme of antibiotic therapy based on the results of the analysis. In this case, take into account the severity of the disease, the effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug into the blood, the time of excretion from organism. Most often, two antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for example, an antibiotic group of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Hospital pneumonia is treated with amoxicillin, ceftazidime, with inefficiency - ticarcillin, cefotaxime. Also a combination of antibiotics is possible, especially in severe conditions, mixed infection, weak immunity. In such cases, appoint:

• Cefuroxime and gentamicin.
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
• Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
• Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

With community-acquired pneumonia, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, fluoroquinolone are prescribed, in severe conditions - cefotaxime, clarithromycin. Combinations of the listed antibiotics are possible.

Independently to change a line of treatment by antibiotics it is not necessary, so it can lead to development of stability microorganisms to certain groups of drugs, as a result - inefficiency of antibacterial therapy.

Course of antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed by the attending physician, based on the patient's age, severity of the disease, the nature of the pathogen and the body's response to antibacterial therapy.

In severe community-acquired pneumonia, the following treatment is prescribed:

1. Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin / clavulanate. Children at an early age are prescribed with aminoglycosides.
2. Possible treatment options:
   • Ticarcillin antibiotics
   • Cephalosporins of II-IV generations.
   • Fluoroquinolones

With aspiration bacterial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin or clavulanate (Augmentin) intravenously + aminoglycoside.
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen, purpose:
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III n-y + aminoglycosides.
   • Lincosamides + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Carbapenem + vancomycin.

With nosocomial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. With an easy course of pneumonia, the use of protected aminopenicillins (Augmentin).
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen are the appointment of cephalosporins II-III n-th.
3. In severe cases, combined treatment is required:
   • inhibitor-protected carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin / clavulanate) and aminoglycosides;
   • cephalosporins III n-i, cephalosporins IV n-y with aminoglycosides.

Treatment of pneumonia, a long and serious process and attempts at self-medication with antibiotics not only can lead to complications, but and cause the impossibility of correct antibacterial therapy due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to drug.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics caused by Klebsiella

When found in sputum Klibsiella pneumonia treatment with antibiotics is the main method of pathogenic therapy. Klebsiella - a pathogenic microorganism, normally occurs in the human intestine, and with high concentration and a decrease in immunity can cause lung infections. Approximately 1% of cases of bacterial pneumonia are caused by Klebsiella. Most often, such cases are recorded in men over 40, patients with alcoholism, with diabetes, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The clinical course of pneumonia caused by klibsiella is similar to pneumococcal pneumonia, often the focus of inflammation is localized in the right upper lobe of the lung, it can spread to other lobes. Develops cyanosis, shortness of breath, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea. Often, pneumonia is complicated by abscess and empyema lung, the reason is that the klibsiella are the cause of tissue destruction. With community-acquired pneumonia, Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter are found in sputum.

Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter have a different degree of sensitivity to antibiotics, so treatment begins with the designation of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins of the third generation, mezlocillin, amikacin is effective against the Serratia strain.

With proper and timely treatment, pneumonia caused by klibsiella, without complications, is completely cured in 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day. Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day.

Treatment with antibiotics mycoplasmal pneumonia

If a mycroplasma is detected in the sputum, pneumonia is treated to fight a particular pathogen. Getting into the body, mycoplasma is introduced into the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, where secreting a special secret causes first a strong inflammation, and then begins the destruction of intercellular membranes, epithelial tissues, which ends with necrotic degeneration tissue.

In the pulmonary vesicles, mycoplasma rapidly multiply, the alveoli increase, and possibly the interalveolar septa. Mycoplasmal pneumonia develops slowly, the onset of the disease looks like a cold, then the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, a violent cough begins. The temperature lasts about 5 days, then drops sharply, fixing at around 37-3 degrees, and holds for a long time. On the X-ray image clearly visible darkened foci, degeneration in connective tissue septums.

The difficulty of treating mycoplasmal pneumonia is that the pathogen is inside neutrophils, and this makes penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides ineffective. First of all, macrolides are prescribed: azithromycin (sumamed), spiromycin (rovamycin), clarithromycin, applied 2 times a day, no more than 2 weeks, with a smaller rate of relapse.

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia appoint a course of at least 2 weeks. Congestive pneumonia develops with prolonged bed rest, in elderly people, weakened, as well as complication after complicated operations. The flow of congestive pneumonia is slow, asymptomatic, there is no chill, fever, cough. The patient can be disturbed only by shortness of breath and weakness, drowsiness, later there is a coughing.

To treat congestive pneumonia it is possible and at home, but adhering to all prescriptions, and only under the control of a doctor, so most often the patient is hospitalized in a hospital. If a bacterial infection is found in the sputum (congestive pneumonia does not always have a bacterial character), antibiotics - cefazolin, digitum or protected penicillin - are prescribed. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

With congestive pneumonia, developing against a background of heart failure, additionally prescribed glycosides and diuretic medicinal complexes, along with antibacterial, bronchodilator, expectorant means. In addition, therapeutic exercise is shown, a diet rich in vitamins. With aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy is mandatory.

In general, with a timely diagnosis and antibiotic therapy, quality prevention and maintaining the patient's body, complications with congestive pneumonia does not develop, and recovery comes through 3-4 weeks.

Combination of antibiotics in pneumonia

The combination of antibiotics in pneumonia is introduced by the doctor into the treatment regimen under certain conditions that aggravate the clinic. In the clinic, the use of two or more antibiotics is not approved, due to the high burden on the body - the liver and kidneys of a weakened person can not cope with so many toxins. Therefore, in practice, the treatment of pneumonia with a single antibiotic, whose effect on the pathogenic flora is very high, is acceptable.

Combinations of antibiotics for pneumonia are acceptable when:

• Severe course of pneumonia, with secondary pneumonia.
• Mixed infection.
• Infections with oppressed immunity (with cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, use of cytostatics).
• Dangers or development of resistance to the selected antibiotic.

In such cases, a treatment regimen is developed, based on the introduction of antibiotics that affect Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms - penicillins + aminoglycosides or cephalosporins + aminoglycosides.

Do not engage in self-medication, as the necessary dosage of the drug can be prescribed only by a doctor, and with insufficient doses of antibiotic simply the resistance of microorganisms to the drug will develop, and at too high a dose cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, dysbiosis, severe form of anemia. In addition, some antibiotics for pneumonia, when combined, simply reduce the effectiveness of each other (for example, antibiotics + bacteriostatic drugs).

Best antibiotic for pneumonia

The best antibiotic for pneumonia is one to which the bacteria are most sensitive. For this purpose, special laboratory tests are carried out - bacteriological sprouting of the sputum is done to determine the pathogen and then put the test on sensitivity to antibiotics.

The main direction in the treatment of pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. Until the pathogen is identified, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillin with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, etc.), macrolides (rulid, rovamycin, etc.), cephalosporins of the 1st generation (kefzon, cefazolinum, tsoufalexin, etc.) are prescribed.

At hospital pneumonia appoint: penicillin in clavulanic acid, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (klaforan, ceftide, fortum, etc.), fluoroquinolones (peflacin, ciprobai, taravid, etc.), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), carbapenems (thienes).

The full complex of therapy consists not only of a combination of antibiotics (2-3 species), but also directed to restoration of drainage of bronchi (introduction of euphyllinum, beroduala), for liquefaction and excretion of sputum from bronchi. Also inject anti-inflammatory, absorbable drugs, vitamins and components that stimulate the immune system - freshly frozen plasma intravenously, antistaphylococcal and anti-influenza immunoglobulin, interferon and etc.

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed according to a special scheme:

• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, intravenous and intramuscular injections of penicillin or cephalosporin preparations of the 1 st, 2 nd generation - cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxine.
• With the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are prescribed.
• Atypical course of pneumonia appoint macrolides - azithromycin, midekamycin, as well as cephalosporins of the third generation - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.
• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci, cephalosporins of the 4th generation - cefipin, carbapines - to thienes, meronem, etc., are prescribed.
• With the predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are additionally prescribed aminoglycosides.
• With the prevalence of fungal infection, cephalosporins of the third generation plus fluconazole are prescribed.
• With the predominance of intracellular organisms - mycoplasma, legionella, etc. appoint macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, etc.
• In case of anaerobic infection, inhibitor-protected penicillins-lincomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and others-are prescribed.
• With penvmotsistnoy pneumonia appoint cotrimoxazole and macrolides.
• With cytomegalovirus pneumonia, ganciclovir, aciclovir, and cytotect are prescribed.

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Injections with bronchitis adults from cough: antibiotics and hot prick (calcium gluconate)

The injections from bronchitis to adults are rarely prescribed, with especially severe forms of the disease or when there is no possibility to take antibiotics orally.

Currently, injections of cough are almost not used, including because all the drugs are in the form of tablets.

Only the doctor will be able to determine whether the patient needs injections of bronchitis.

Treatment of acute bronchitis

In most cases, the disease in adults appears suddenly. After a few hours or 24 hours a person has a wet cough and sputum, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi begins.

Acute bronchitis is formed due to such negative factors:

• bacteria and viruses,
• an unfavorable ecological situation,
• severe hypothermia of a person.

Bronchial and viral bronchitis, most often occurs after ARI.

As a rule, acute bronchitis, which does not have complications, is treated on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is indicated for cardiovascular diseases, problems with the lungs and in old age in conjunction with chronic ailments.

Therapy of acute form of bronchitis in adults involves the use of temperature-lowering agents, and mustard plasters are placed on the sternum.

From medicines it is necessary to apply those that effectively dilute sputum, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs:

• Amidopyrine,
• Indomethacin,
• Prodectin,
• Acetylsalicylic acid.

Antibiotics are necessary without fail, if there is purulent sputum.

An enormous role is played by drugs with expectorant action in the treatment of the disease. Among them there are the most effective:

1. Bronchicum,
2. Lazolvan,
3. Ambroxol,
4. Bromhexine.

Preparations for the treatment of chronic bronchitis

If the bronchial tubes become inflamed annually, there is a list of concomitant symptoms and the condition is observed for more than three months, then doctors diagnose a person with chronic bronchitis and prescribe antibiotics.

Inflammation of the bronchi in adults can be non-infectious or infectious, in any case there is:

• cough,
• secretion of thick sputum (mucus),
• dyspnea.

Chronic bronchitis is an ailment of adults that is rarely diagnosed in children.

The disease is divided into primary and secondary bronchitis. The primary form of the disease is not associated with previous lesions of the lungs. The secondary form acts as a complication of an already existing lung function disorder, it is a question of pneumonia and lesions of the bronchi or trachea.

To treat chronic bronchitis in adults is necessary in a comprehensive manner, which implies the use of various medications and procedures:

1. use of medicines,
2. physiotherapeutic procedures,
3. sanation of the lungs,
4. physiotherapy,
5. healthy lifestyle.

In bronchitis, the work of the epithelium layer of the bronchi is disrupted, its plasticity decreases and the viscosity of the moist secret increases. As a result, the overall production of mucus is increased and the drainage activity of the bronchi decreases.

The cause of the disease is viral or bacterial damage to the mucous membrane, as well as irritation with mechanical particles, dust or chemicals.

Doctors often note focal lesions of the lungs and bronchi. Therapy significantly improves the situation, but bronchitis can constantly progress and change the stage.

At first the disease can be in long periods of remission, then they are shortened. If a person is not treated, then in a few years there will be a respiratory failure, and in fact it was possible to do inhalations with bronchitis, and do not run so sick.

All drugs have their own categories:

• antibacterial,
• anti-inflammatory,
• bronchodilators,
• expectorating,
• fortifying preparations: calcium gluconate, nutritional supplements and vitamins.

Antiviral and antibacterial agents are shown during exacerbation, as well as purulent phenomena in the bronchi and when the temperature rises.

If, prior to initiation of therapy, the patient has not been given an antibioticogram - a test for the sensitivity of bacteria to the antibiotic, then penicillin is administered intramuscularly.

Antibiotics are effective against pneumococci and hemophilic rod. If an antibioticogram is done, then one of the following drugs is prescribed:

1. Azithromycin,
2. Sumazid,
3. Zitrolide,
4. Sumamed,
5. Hemomycin,
6. Azitroxy,
7. Ampicillin,
8. Oxacillin,
9. Levomycetin,
10. Tetracycline,

Classical dosage of drugs is, - 2 g per day. In addition, Rondomycin is administered in an amount of, g per day. Antibiotics are combined with sulfonamides.

The patient may take drugs in the form of injections or injections, which option is preferable - the doctor decides on the basis of the features of the course of the disease. Injections of bronchitis in adults can be done both in a hospital setting and in a treatment room.

Antibiotics are used for as long as the doctor decides, based on the condition of the person and the stage of the disease. As a rule, recovery occurs in 10-12 days. Together with this, you can take bronchodilators.

Obstructive chronic bronchitis occurs when ordinary bronchitis does not pass despite treatment. This complication is characterized by shortness of breath and changes in bronchial tissue.

Antibiotics in this case show less effect, because in the bronchi there is a change mechanical properties of tissues and their structure, as a result of which the volume of mucus increases and appears bronchospasm.

Obstructive chronic bronchitis is subsequently complicated by hypertension or emphysema of the lungs.

Disease in neglected form is life-threatening. To increase the resistance of the body, the doctor can prescribe drugs:

• Methyluracil,
• Potassium orotate,
• Pentoxyl.

Anti-inflammatory effect is possessed by Presocil and Sodium Salicite. The general strengthening and stimulating effect is provided by: Ascorutin, Ascorbic acid and Galaxorbin.

In the treatment of bronchitis, these agents are used, which have resorptive functions, for example:

1. extract of aloe,
2. vitreous body,
3. calcium gluconate,
4. FIBS preparation (extract with coumarins and cinnamic acid).

Injections with bronchitis based on these drugs are done subcutaneously. The course of treatment is 3-35 injections.

It is important to know which adaptogens have a positive effect, it is a tincture of magnolia vine, ginseng and pantocrine.

There are bronchodilators that are used if there is asthma that does not respond to bronchospasmolytic therapy:

1. Atropine,
2. Belladonna,
3. Ephedrine,
4. Beta-adrenostimulants,
5. Euphyllinum.

When obstructive bronchitis is prescribed corticosteroids, which is especially important when there is an asthmatic syndrome.

Hydrocortisone should be taken intravenously, the first dose - 125 mg per day. After improvement, the dose is reduced by 25 mg every 2-3 days.

Calcium gluconate

When bronchitis is often used calcium gluconate intravenously, as an auxiliary. It has the following functions:

• improves the transmission of nerve impulses,
• normalizes the work of the heart muscle,
• participates in contractions of smooth muscles,
• helps maintain blood clotting,
• reduces vascular permeability.

Calcium gluconate also has side effects:

1. nausea,
2. necrosis in the area of ​​injection,
3. hypercalcemia;
4. digestive disorders.

When calcium gluconate is administered, several conditions must be observed. Contraindicated "hot" prick, the temperature of the ampoule should be at room temperature. Calcium gluconate is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. All you need to know about bronchitis is in the video in this article.

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