Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults in tablets

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Antibiotics for pneumonia - the main component of the healing process. Lung inflammation begins acutely, with fever, a strong cough with brown or yellowish sputum, chest pains with coughing and breathing.

Treatment of pneumonia requires an urgent hospitalization of the patient in the therapeutic or resuscitation department (depending on the severity of the condition). Indicated bed rest, vitamin nutrition, and it is also important to consume a large amount of liquid - tea, juice, milk, mineral water.

Since inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to specific microorganisms, the most correct way to fight the pathogen is the introduction of antibiotics intramuscularly and intravenously. This method of administration makes it possible to keep a high concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the fight against bacteria. Most often, pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, since it is impossible to identify the pathogen immediately, and the slightest delay can cost lives.

In general, for the treatment of pneumonia, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of treatment, antibiotics are administered according to a special scheme. At the first stage, the antibiotic is administered parenterally - intramuscularly or intravenously, and then antibiotics are given in tablets.

Despite the wide choice of antibiotics in pharmacies, you should not self-medicate, but it is better to seek help from experienced specialist, since antibiotics are selected strictly individually, based on the analysis of the pathogen pneumonia. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is based not only on antibiotic therapy, but includes several stages in the general treatment regimen.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be most effective is established laboratory. To do this, bacterial culture of sputum is done on a special medium, and depending on which colony of bacteria begins to develop, the causative agent is established. Then they make a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, and based on these results, the patient is assigned a specific group of antibacterial drugs. But, as the process of identifying the pathogen can take up to 10 days or more, at the initial stage of treatment of pneumonia, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the concentration of the drug in the blood, it is administered by both intravenous and intramuscularly, combining with anti-inflammatory, resolving agents, vitamins, etc., eg:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. In antipnevmokokkovoy therapy prescribed benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, derivatives of cephalosporins of the third generation, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, macrolides.
• Haemophilus influenzae. With the detected hemophilic rod, aminopenicillins or amoxicillin are prescribed.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics effective against Staphylococcus aureus - oxacillin, protected aminopenicillins, cephalosporins I and II generations.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antibiotics for the treatment of mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia are macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones.
• Legionella pneumophila. Antibiotic, effective against legionella - erythromycin, rifampicin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
• Enterobacteriaceae spp. Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia caused by klibsiella or E. coli are cephalosporins of the third generation.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics can be the reason for the selection of ineffective drugs or if the intake of antibacterial agents is not taken properly - an incorrect dosage, a violation of the regimen. In normal course, antibiotics are taken to normalize the temperature and then after 3 more days. In severe cases of pneumonia, treatment may take up to 4-6 weeks. If during this period the positive dynamics of the disease is not fixed, then the cause is in the wrong antibacterial treatment. In this case, a second analysis is performed on the bacteria, after which a course of correct antibacterial therapy is conducted. After full recovery and positive results of radiography, spa treatment, smoking cessation, and increased vitamin nutrition are indicated.

In the additional treatment with antibiotics after pneumonia, the patient may need to:

• Wrongly chosen antibiotic for treatment.
• Frequent change of antibiotics.

Also, antibiotic treatment after pneumonia may be necessary in the event of a recurrence of the disease. The reason for this - long-term treatment with antibiotics, depressing the defenses of the body. Also, a similar result arises from self-medication and uncontrolled administration of antibiotics at unidentified doses.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics should be carried out in a hospital, by systematic radiographic monitoring. If after 72 hours the clinical picture does not change or if during the treatment termination the focus of inflammation on X-ray image is not reduced, a second course of treatment is shown, but already with another antibiotic, consultation is also necessary phthisiatrician.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults are prescribed depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. Pneumonia is most often caused by a variety of bacteria, less often fungi and protozoa. At the first stage of treatment, up to the end results, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, and also patient, whether he had previously had pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, is not smoker. In addition, in elderly patients, pathogens differ from similar cases in younger patients.

If the prescribed drug is ineffective and until the bacteriological analysis of sputum is obtained, the recommended antibiotic should not be changed within 3 days. This is the minimum time frame for the antibiotic concentration in the blood to reach its maximum, and it began to act on the lesion site.

• Inflammation of the lungs in patients under 60 years with a mild course appoint Avelox 400 mg per day (or Tavanik 500 mg in day) - 5 days, with him Doxycycline (2 tablets per day - the first day, the rest days - 1 tablet) - 10-14 days. You can take Avelox 400 mg and Amoxiclav 625 mg * 2 times a day - 10-14 days.
• A patient under 60 years of age, with a major illness and other chronic diseases, also a patient over 60 years old are assigned Avelox 400 mg plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram 2 times a day at least 10 days.
• Severe course of pneumonia at any age. A combination of Levofloxacin or Tavanic, intravenously plus Ceftriaxone 2 grams twice a day or Fortum, Cefepime in the same doses intramuscularly or intravenously is recommended. It is possible to administer Sumamed intravenously plus Fortum intramuscularly.
• In extremely severe pneumonia, when the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, appoint: combinations of Sumamed and Tavanik (Leflotsin), Fortum and Tavanik, Targotsida and Meronem, Sumamed and Meronema.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children begin to enter immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Obligatory admission to therapy or in a complex current in the intensive care unit are children, if:

• The child's age is less than two months, regardless of the degree of severity and localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
• A child up to three years old, diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
• The child is up to five years old, the diagnosis is the loss of more than one lobe of the lung.
• Children with a history of encephalopathy.
• A child up to a year old, a confirmed fact of intrauterine infection.
• Children with congenital defects of the heart muscle and circulatory system.
• Children with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, with diabetes mellitus and malignant blood diseases.
• Children from families who are registered with social services.
• Children from orphanages, from families with insufficient social and living conditions.
• The hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations and treatment at home is indicated.
• Children with severe pneumonia.

With mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the penicillin group, both natural and synthetic, are indicated. Natural antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and others. Semisynthetic penicillins are commonly divided into isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin), aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin), ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, piperacillin).

The described scheme of antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the results of bacterial analysis and detection of the pathogen. After identifying the pathogen further treatment is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

The names of antibiotics for pneumonia indicate which group the drug belongs to: ampicillin - oxacillin, ampiox, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalosporins - claforan, cephobid and others. For the treatment of pneumonia in modern medicine are used as synthetic and semi-synthetic, and natural antibiotics. Some types of antibiotics act selectively, only on a certain type of bacteria, and some on a fairly wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics of a wide spectrum and it is customary to start antibacterial treatment of pneumonia.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics for pneumonia:

An antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action is prescribed, proceeding from the course of the disease, the color of expectorated sputum.

• Conduct BAC sputum analysis to identify the pathogen, put the test on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics.
• Prescribe a scheme of antibiotic therapy based on the results of the analysis. In this case, take into account the severity of the disease, the effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug into the blood, the time of excretion from organism. Most often, two antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for example, an antibiotic group of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Hospital pneumonia is treated with amoxicillin, ceftazidime, with inefficiency - ticarcillin, cefotaxime. Also a combination of antibiotics is possible, especially in severe conditions, mixed infection, weak immunity. In such cases, appoint:

• Cefuroxime and gentamicin.
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
• Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
• Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

With community-acquired pneumonia, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, fluoroquinolone are prescribed, in severe conditions - cefotaxime, clarithromycin. Combinations of the listed antibiotics are possible.

Independently to change a line of treatment by antibiotics it is not necessary, so it can lead to development of stability microorganisms to certain groups of drugs, as a result - inefficiency of antibacterial therapy.

Course of antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed by the attending physician, based on the patient's age, severity of the disease, the nature of the pathogen and the body's response to antibacterial therapy.

In severe community-acquired pneumonia, the following treatment is prescribed:

1. Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin / clavulanate. Children at an early age are prescribed with aminoglycosides.
2. Possible treatment options:
   • Ticarcillin antibiotics
   • Cephalosporins of II-IV generations.
   • Fluoroquinolones

With aspiration bacterial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin or clavulanate (Augmentin) intravenously + aminoglycoside.
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen, purpose:
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III n-y + aminoglycosides.
   • Lincosamides + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Carbapenem + vancomycin.

With nosocomial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. With an easy course of pneumonia, the use of protected aminopenicillins (Augmentin).
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen are the appointment of cephalosporins II-III n-th.
3. In severe cases, combined treatment is required:
   • inhibitor-protected carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin / clavulanate) and aminoglycosides;
   • cephalosporins III n-i, cephalosporins IV n-y with aminoglycosides.

Treatment of pneumonia, a long and serious process and attempts at self-medication with antibiotics not only can lead to complications, but and cause the impossibility of correct antibacterial therapy due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to drug.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics caused by Klebsiella

When found in sputum Klibsiella pneumonia treatment with antibiotics is the main method of pathogenic therapy. Klebsiella - a pathogenic microorganism, normally occurs in the human intestine, and with high concentration and a decrease in immunity can cause lung infections. Approximately 1% of cases of bacterial pneumonia are caused by Klebsiella. Most often, such cases are recorded in men over 40, patients with alcoholism, with diabetes, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The clinical course of pneumonia caused by klibsiella is similar to pneumococcal pneumonia, often the focus of inflammation is localized in the right upper lobe of the lung, it can spread to other lobes. Develops cyanosis, shortness of breath, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea. Often, pneumonia is complicated by abscess and empyema lung, the reason is that the klibsiella are the cause of tissue destruction. With community-acquired pneumonia, Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter are found in sputum.

Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter have a different degree of sensitivity to antibiotics, so treatment begins with the designation of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins of the third generation, mezlocillin, amikacin is effective against the Serratia strain.

With proper and timely treatment, pneumonia caused by klibsiella, without complications, is completely cured in 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day. Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day.

Treatment with antibiotics mycoplasmal pneumonia

If a mycroplasma is detected in the sputum, pneumonia is treated to fight a particular pathogen. Getting into the body, mycoplasma is introduced into the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, where secreting a special secret causes first a strong inflammation, and then begins the destruction of intercellular membranes, epithelial tissues, which ends with necrotic degeneration tissue.

In the pulmonary vesicles, mycoplasma rapidly multiply, the alveoli increase, and possibly the interalveolar septa. Mycoplasmal pneumonia develops slowly, the onset of the disease looks like a cold, then the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, a violent cough begins. The temperature lasts about 5 days, then drops sharply, fixing at around 37-3 degrees, and holds for a long time. On the X-ray image clearly visible darkened foci, degeneration in connective tissue septums.

The difficulty of treating mycoplasmal pneumonia is that the pathogen is inside neutrophils, and this makes penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides ineffective. First of all, macrolides are prescribed: azithromycin (sumamed), spiromycin (rovamycin), clarithromycin, applied 2 times a day, no more than 2 weeks, with a smaller rate of relapse.

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia appoint a course of at least 2 weeks. Congestive pneumonia develops with prolonged bed rest, in elderly people, weakened, as well as complication after complicated operations. The flow of congestive pneumonia is slow, asymptomatic, there is no chill, fever, cough. The patient can be disturbed only by shortness of breath and weakness, drowsiness, later there is a coughing.

To treat congestive pneumonia it is possible and at home, but adhering to all prescriptions, and only under the control of a doctor, so most often the patient is hospitalized in a hospital. If a bacterial infection is found in the sputum (congestive pneumonia does not always have a bacterial character), antibiotics - cefazolin, digitum or protected penicillin - are prescribed. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

With congestive pneumonia, developing against a background of heart failure, additionally prescribed glycosides and diuretic medicinal complexes, along with antibacterial, bronchodilator, expectorant means. In addition, therapeutic exercise is shown, a diet rich in vitamins. With aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy is mandatory.

In general, with a timely diagnosis and antibiotic therapy, quality prevention and maintaining the patient's body, complications with congestive pneumonia does not develop, and recovery comes through 3-4 weeks.

Combination of antibiotics in pneumonia

The combination of antibiotics in pneumonia is introduced by the doctor into the treatment regimen under certain conditions that aggravate the clinic. In the clinic, the use of two or more antibiotics is not approved, due to the high burden on the body - the liver and kidneys of a weakened person can not cope with so many toxins. Therefore, in practice, the treatment of pneumonia with a single antibiotic, whose effect on the pathogenic flora is very high, is acceptable.

Combinations of antibiotics for pneumonia are acceptable when:

• Severe course of pneumonia, with secondary pneumonia.
• Mixed infection.
• Infections with oppressed immunity (with cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, use of cytostatics).
• Dangers or development of resistance to the selected antibiotic.

In such cases, a treatment regimen is developed, based on the introduction of antibiotics that affect Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms - penicillins + aminoglycosides or cephalosporins + aminoglycosides.

Do not engage in self-medication, as the necessary dosage of the drug can be prescribed only by a doctor, and with insufficient doses of antibiotic simply the resistance of microorganisms to the drug will develop, and at too high a dose cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, dysbiosis, severe form of anemia. In addition, some antibiotics for pneumonia, when combined, simply reduce the effectiveness of each other (for example, antibiotics + bacteriostatic drugs).

Best antibiotic for pneumonia

The best antibiotic for pneumonia is one to which the bacteria are most sensitive. For this purpose, special laboratory tests are carried out - bacteriological sprouting of the sputum is done to determine the pathogen and then put the test on sensitivity to antibiotics.

The main direction in the treatment of pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. Until the pathogen is identified, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillin with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, etc.), macrolides (rulid, rovamycin, etc.), cephalosporins of the 1st generation (kefzon, cefazolinum, tsoufalexin, etc.) are prescribed.

At hospital pneumonia appoint: penicillin in clavulanic acid, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (klaforan, ceftide, fortum, etc.), fluoroquinolones (peflacin, ciprobai, taravid, etc.), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), carbapenems (thienes).

The full complex of therapy consists not only of a combination of antibiotics (2-3 species), but also directed to restoration of drainage of bronchi (introduction of euphyllinum, beroduala), for liquefaction and excretion of sputum from bronchi. Also inject anti-inflammatory, absorbable drugs, vitamins and components that stimulate the immune system - freshly frozen plasma intravenously, antistaphylococcal and anti-influenza immunoglobulin, interferon and etc.

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed according to a special scheme:

• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, intravenous and intramuscular injections of penicillin or cephalosporin preparations of the 1 st, 2 nd generation - cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxine.
• With the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are prescribed.
• Atypical course of pneumonia appoint macrolides - azithromycin, midekamycin, as well as cephalosporins of the third generation - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.
• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci, cephalosporins of the 4th generation - cefipin, carbapines - to thienes, meronem, etc., are prescribed.
• With the predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are additionally prescribed aminoglycosides.
• With the prevalence of fungal infection, cephalosporins of the third generation plus fluconazole are prescribed.
• With the predominance of intracellular organisms - mycoplasma, legionella, etc. appoint macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, etc.
• In case of anaerobic infection, inhibitor-protected penicillins-lincomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and others-are prescribed.
• With penvmotsistnoy pneumonia appoint cotrimoxazole and macrolides.
• With cytomegalovirus pneumonia, ganciclovir, aciclovir, and cytotect are prescribed.

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Treatment of pneumonia in an adult

Diseases of the respiratory system have a high risk for humans. One such common pathology is pneumonia, which causes inflammation of the lung tissue and irreversible changes in it. To avoid oxygen starvation of tissues, the disease must necessarily start on time to treat.

How to treat pneumonia at home in adults

Pneumonia often has a viral nature, but even in other cases, it is joined by bacterial infection, so adults are required to perform antibiotic therapy, appointing 1-2 drugs Simultaneously. The treatment standards take into account several factors:

• type of pneumonia;
• volume of damage to lung tissue;
• state of health and age of the patient;
• concomitant diseases of the heart, kidneys or lungs.

Antibiotics

Adults prescribe antibiotics for pneumonia, taking into account their age, and even with negligible the effectiveness of a single drug does not change it within 3 days or until a sputum test is decoded patient. For the treatment of pneumonia use modern popular drugs under the names:

1. Ceftriaxone. As a form of release, white powders are used for the preparation of injections. The course of treatment of pneumonia is determined by the doctor depending on the degree of severity. For an adult, the dose is 1-2 g daily. A solution for injections is prepared from 500 mg of the drug and 2 ml of a 1% solution of lidocaine, and for the droppers 5 ml of sterile water are used. The price is from 25 rubles, it is sold by prescription.
2. Sephpotek. Antibiotic, also allowed a child with 12 years. Effective in the treatment of pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections. Adults need to take 200 mg - 1 tablet, with an interval of 12 hours. End the course of treatment is necessary in 2 weeks. Price from 120 rub.
3. Sumamed. In addition to tablets, it is available as a powder or lyophilizate. It is indicated for infectious and inflammatory diseases, including respiratory tract. From pneumonia, you need to take 500 mg of the drug per day treatment course, equal to 3 days. The price from 520 r.

People's means

Folk treatment of pneumonia in adults is effective in combination with taking medications if therapy is done at home. To do this, you can use the following recipes:

1. Decoction of raisins. Rinse, art. Dark raisins, pass it through the meat grinder. Gulf a glass of boiling water, soak under the lid for about 10 minutes. To treat inflammation of the lungs with such a decoction it is necessary, drinking on, art. daily.
2. "Milk" milk. Prepare 3 dried white figs. Heat the milk, pour the fruit, cook over a small fire for about half an hour. To treat pneumonia, drink 2 glasses a day until symptoms improve.
3. Nastoy on the nuts. Take 500 ml of dry red wine. Fill them with 50 g of peeled nuts. Strew the remedy on a low heat for about a quarter of an hour. Eat 1 tbsp each. before each meal.

Exercise therapy

To begin with, it is recommended that you change your position frequently in bed and do not lie on your side, which hurts. After 3-4 days, when the acute period of the disease is already behind, you can begin respiratory gymnastics, for which you lie on your back and put your hands on your stomach. You need to exhale after a deep breath, but do it slowly, straining your abdominal muscles. Approaches should be at least 5 per day, each of which includes 15 reps. It is recommended to use LFK and for the prevention of pneumonia.

Features of treatment of pneumonia

Treatment of pneumonia in an adult depends on many factors, the first of which is the type of this disease. Therapy for the elderly is mandatory in the hospital, otherwise the decision is made by the doctor. The algorithm of treatment consists of several stages. First pneumonia is diagnosed, then the focus of inflammation is eliminated with antibiotics. Next, additional medications are prescribed for the remaining signs of the disease.

Segmental

In adults this form arises more often than others and is divided into right-sided and left-sided. A particular species is bilateral, when lesions are present in both lungs. Treatment of pneumonia in an adult is carried out permanently with the use of antibiotics, physiotherapy, inhalations and elimination of allergic reactions. With a one-sided or bilateral form, you need to ensure the correct position of the patient - semi-sitting to improve the performance of the lungs.

Viral

Viruses, bacteria or fungi and parasites lead to the viral form. The first two days for the treatment of pneumonia for an adult are prescribed to take antiviral drugs, such as Tamiflu or Ingavirin in the influenza nature and Acyclovir in the causative agent causing varicella. In addition to these medicines, the patient is prescribed antipyretic, analgesic and cough suppressants that help to sputum. Antibiotics are prescribed only with the addition of bacterial infection.

Bronchopneumonia

This type of pneumonia is also called focal. It develops against the background of bronchitis, therefore it is especially dangerous due to its consequences - pleuropneumonia, abscess and even gangrene, therefore the methods of treatment are chosen only by a doctor. Antibiotics become mandatory in therapy, and they are chosen according to the degree of influence on the intestinal microflora. Ecoantibiotics are often used. In addition, adults are treated with drugs that dilute, excrete phlegm and restore the immune system.

Atypical

The most serious of all is the atypical form, because it is caused by atypical pathogens and often there is such pneumonia in an adult without temperature. The insidious disease is also due to the fact that it has a latent period when the symptoms are practically absent. Antibiotics are often unable to cope with the manifestations of this type of pneumonia, so an adult is prescribed immunoglobulins and special procedures for sucking out fluid in the lungs. Treatment is complemented by a complex of vitamins and antipyretic.

Basal

Another complex form of pneumonia is the radical one. It is difficult to diagnose, because the symptoms are similar to tuberculosis and central lung cancer. Drugs for treatment are prescribed immediately after diagnosis, with several drugs at the same time, that the condition was relieved in 2-3 days and the patient could be prescribed heating and exercise therapy.

Treatment of pneumonia in the hospital

Indications for hospitalization are deterioration of the patient's condition or inability to apply the necessary drugs at home. With timely treatment, relief comes in 2-4 days, but possible complications increase the duration of stay in the hospital to 10 days, and often up to 4 weeks. The patient is given injections or drips with antibiotics, then physiological saline is injected in the same way to detoxify the body. In combination with these drugs, adults are prescribed expectorant and antipyretic agents.

How much is pneumonia treated?

Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is done at home and takes 7 to 10 days. It adds a period for the restoration of the body, which can take from 1 to several months. The same amount can be used to fight chronic pneumonia. The duration of treatment depends on the timeliness of therapy. In addition, the effectiveness of the selected drugs is also important. Inpatient therapy has an average duration of 9-10 days with severe form. Stagnant pneumonia can be cured in 20-25 days.

Video about respiratory gymnastics with pneumonia

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Antibiotics for pneumonia: what are prescribed for children and adults

Antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including those with pneumonia.To treat this disease in medicine, a huge number of drugs are used, so for selection appropriate means to conduct a thorough examination of the patient and find out the cause infection.

Most often, the incompetence of physicians leads to the misapplication of antibiotics, because of which the inflammation of the lungs can not be cured and the disease develops into a chronic form. Often such cases are also fixed when treating patients with sinusitis. This is mainly due to the old treatment regimen and the reluctance of doctors to study the latest developments in modern medicine that can cope with a mutating virus.

It is interesting

Many people at any age are ill with pneumonia. This disease occurs in both adults and children. Most often, a course of antibiotics is prescribed to treat this ailment.

With pneumonia the most effective in the opinion of specialists are the following means:

1. Penicillins, among which the most common are Ampicillinum, Amoxicillinum and others;
2. Cephalosporins - such as Zinnat, Supraks, Zinacef and others;
3. Macrolides - these include Hemomycetin, Sumamed and others;
4. Fluoroquinolones, which include Avelox, Mosaksak and Moxifloxacin.

Depending on the severity of the disease and on the drugs that the patient took earlier, the appointment of a doctor will also depend. The patient also needs to conduct an analysis of sputum, due to which the doctors determine the type of bacteria that led to the inflammatory process. To find out which bacterium the patient is suffering from, it is easy to prescribe a course of treatment.If the treatment does not work, then the doctors prescribe other drugs that will be able to cope with the inflammation.

Nowadays, for the treatment of pneumonia, doctors prescribe drugs such as Avelox and Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Levofloxacin and Loxof, Meronem and Sumamed, Tavanic and Targotsid, Fortum or Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin.

Important

The main thing is to drink the whole course and do not stop halfway, feeling relieved. Otherwise, a relapse may occur and these tablets will not help.

In the fungal nature of pneumonia, not only antibiotics, but also antifungal drugs are prescribed. In viral pneumonia, antibiotics are taken together with antiviral agents.

Antibiotics greatly impair human immunity and intestinal microflora. To avoid the development of dysbacteriosis, it is necessary to take probiotics.

If treatment is carried out correctly, then the patient will recover depending on the state of his immunity.

Many believe that modern antibiotics can guarantee a rapid cure for pneumonia.

Antibiotics allow you to get rid of the bacteria that caused this ailment, but a full recovery will still occur no sooner than three weeks from the start of taking medicines. And with weakened immunity recovery can last several months. That is, all this time will have to take antibiotics to finally get rid of inflammation.

Inflammation of the lungs is a terrible disease that does not tolerate self-treatment. To make the correct diagnosis, you need to go to the doctor and take all the tests to determine the cause of the development of pneumonia.

After the course of preparations, the body must necessarily rest.Two consecutive courses of such strong means are not appointed, so as not to harm other human organs.

The most effective drugs are injectable antibiotics, which are administered intramuscularly or intravenously. However, this is not the case. Since during normal operation of the digestive system, the tablets also act very actively on the causative agent of the infection.

Antibiotic for pneumonia: treatment of adults and children

Antibiotic for pneumonia in adults is chosen depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient. Pneumonia is caused by various bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Initially, the doctor prescribes extensive antibiotics and collects an anamnesis, which indicates previously suffered severe illnesses, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis. It is also important to know whether the patient is abusing tobacco smoking. In elderly and young people, pathogens differ from each other.

While a bacteriological analysis of the sputum is not obtained, the antibiotic takes 3 days. If there are no results, then another antibiotic is prescribed for the same period of time.

It is important to know

The minimum period for taking antibiotics is 3 days. During this time, its concentration in the blood reaches a maximum, and it begins to act actively.

• Adults under the age of 60 years with mild illness are prescribed Avelox 400 mg or Tavanik 500 mg, which should be taken for 5 days. In addition, prescribe Doxycycline, a course of 2 weeks.
• In complex forms of the disease and patients older than 60 years for treatment will require other drugs. In these cases, appoint Avelox 400 mg and injections of Ceftriaxone 1 gram. The course lasts 5-7 days.
• In severe inflammatory processes, identified at any adulthood, injections of Levofloxacin with Tavanic, Ceftriaxone or Cefepime are recommended twice a day.
• With neglected forms of pneumonia, the patient is referred for inpatient treatment and Sumamed is used with Leflotsin, Fortum with Tavanik, Targocid or Sumamed with Meronem.

For the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed after confirmation of the diagnosis.

Children of a certain group are to be treated in a hospital:

• Newborns up to 2 months at any degree of disease.
• With lobar pneumonia in the age of up to 3 years.
• If two or more lobes of the lung are involved in the blows, up to 5 years of age.
• With early encephalopathy at any age.
• Children under one year with intrauterine infection.
• With defects of the circulatory system and the heart muscle.
• In chronic diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.
• With diabetes and blood diseases.
• Those who are registered with the social services or living in an orphanage.
• Hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations for severe pneumonia has been reported.

With the usual pneumonia, children are prescribed penicillin antibiotics.Natural forms include benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. To semisynthetic - oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin or piperacillin.

Such drugs are also prescribed until the sputum test results are obtained to determine the cause of the disease. When receiving tests, the doctor reviews the course of treatment and makes appointments according to the results obtained.

The main treatment for pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. While the causative agent is not defined, antibiotics of wide action are taken. After receiving the tests, the appointment is revised and more drugs are prescribed.

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What antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia?

Antibiotics - this is a group of drugs, which you have to face in this or that case, almost every person. Despite the fact that these drugs are considered serious, unfortunately, it is impossible to do without them, in particular, in the treatment of pneumonia. Which antibiotics for pneumonia are used especially often and why they are the most effective means to combat this disease, we will discuss in the article.

What factors influence the choice of a particular medication for pneumonia?

In medicine, pneumonia refers to a group of severe and life-threatening ailments. The causative agents of this disease can be both viruses and fungi. But most often the disease is caused by infection with bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, etc. The area of ​​the lung at the same time stops functioning normally, causing many severe consequences for the body.

Not so long ago, the main antibiotics for fighting lung inflammation were easy to identify, since this ailment was treated only with penicillin drugs. But, as it turned out, bacteria are able to develop resistance to drugs. Now these antibiotics may not be so effective, researchers had to develop new drugs. Nowadays, a huge number of them appeared, which is good, and at the same time it is difficult for the doctor, since now he has to take into account a lot of factors in order to find an adequate treatment.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be prescribed, now depends on many factors: not only the form disease, but also its causes, the susceptibility of the body to this drug, as well as what preparations of this group have already been used by patients earlier.

How is the treatment prescribed for pneumonia?

In order to make the diagnosis as accurate as possible, the composition of the sputum of the patient determines the laboratory type of bacteria that triggered the disease. In the analysis of the analysis, as a rule, the pharmacological group is indicated, and among its preparations the doctor selects the one that has the least contraindications and side effects. This is mainly about the following groups of antibiotics:

• cephalosporins (Aksetin, Supraks, Cefixim, Zinat, etc.);
• fluoroquinolones ("Levofloxacin "Avelox "Moximak "Moxifloxacin etc.);
• macrolides ("Azithromycin "Chemomycetin "Sumamed etc.),
• group of tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, etc.).

Each of them contains active substances that allow the specialist to choose the most precisely what to treat pneumonia. Antibiotics are selected on the basis of a specific case, and in order to expand the scope of drugs, it is often necessary to designate funds from two groups at once.

The use of antibiotics depending on the pathogen

It is not so difficult to guess that each of the listed series best copes with certain types of pathogens of pneumonia. Thus, macrolides act best on the activity of pneumococci, which provoked pneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics from the group of fluoroquinolones in this case is ineffective, and to the preparations of the tetracycline series, these microorganisms are practically insensitive.

For the hemophilic rod, the most active drugs are fluoroquinolones, and if the disease is caused by enterobacteria - drugs from the group of third-generation cephalosporins. In the treatment of mycoplasmal or chlamydial pneumonia, as a rule, macrolides and antibiotics from the tetracycline group are chosen.

What antibiotics are used most often

Of course, in medical practice, there are antibiotics, with pneumonia the doctors are most popular. So, if the patient has not reached the age of 60, he does not have diabetes or pathologies of the cardiovascular system, then for the treatment of segmental or focal pneumonia specialists prefer the well-proven drugs "Avelox" and "Tavanik" (which, by the way, is preferable to its cheaper analogue "Loksof" or "Levofloxacin"). If they are taken in combination with the tablets "Amoxiclav" or "Augmentin then a positive effect can be achieved within two weeks after the beginning of the reception.

If the patient's condition does not improve and the temperature does not drop even on the fourth day, then other antibiotics should be selected against pneumonia. As a rule, in such cases, drugs "Azitro-Sandoz" or "Sumamed" instead of "Augmentin" are prescribed.

A good combination is also the use of "Sumamed" tablets (1 table. 1 time per day) in combination with intramuscular or intravenous injections of Fortum (2 mg 2 times a day).

Popular injections: antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotic injection for pneumonia usually takes seven to ten days. But in no case this treatment can not be carried out independently, without the appointment and supervision of a doctor, or to interrupt the prescribed course, having decided that the state of health has already improved. All this in the end will provoke the resistance of the surviving bacteria to the drugs, and the untreated or returned pathology will be more complicated, and it will be worse to treat.

Most often in the form of injections, the following antibiotics are used for pneumonia:

• "Ceftriaxone" (it is injected every 12 hours, diluting previously in a solution of novocaine).
• "Amoxicillin" in combination with the drug "Sulbaktam" (3 r. in a day).
• "Azithromycin" is administered intravenously. This is done slowly, drip, because this drug can not be injected intramuscularly.

By the way, it should be noted that with the appointment of antibiotics, there are several features. So, the conclusion that you need to replace this drug, you can do it only 2-3 days after the start of treatment. The reason for this decision may be the risk of serious side effects or excessive toxicity of any antibiotic that will not allow them to take them for a long time.

Basic rules for injection from pneumonia

Effective antibiotics for pneumonia can be selected only by a doctor. But if the patient is shown out-patient treatment, then someone will have to inject him. In this case, in order not to cause unnecessary complications, several rules should be observed.

1. Remember that the course of antibiotic treatment for pneumonia can not be less than 10 days.
2. When prescribing drugs for injection, which are available in the form of powders, remember: they can be diluted only immediately before the procedure. Do not do this in advance!
3. To dilute antibiotics use saline, novocaine, lidocaine or water for injection. They are taken in the standard proportion: 1 g of the drug - 1 ml of liquid.
4. Before the first injection, make a skin test. To do this, scratch with a sterile disposable needle from the syringe skin and apply a few drops of the prescribed remedy on the wound. If after 15 minutes she did not blush and began to itch, then there is no allergy to this medicine. Otherwise, it must be replaced.
5. If after the injections remains a painful infiltration - it is applied to the iodine grid to accelerate resorption.

What antibiotics are considered to be reserve

In the case of severe pneumonia, the patient is assigned the so-called reserve drugs. That is, potent antibiotics, which are "left" by doctors for an extreme case (all this is done because of the easily developed resistance of bacteria to drugs).

Therefore, it is worth remembering their name. Antibiotics for pneumonia with severe course are "Ceftazidime "Timentine "Sparfloxacin "Tientam "Grimipenem". They are not prescribed in the case of mild or moderate severity of the disease, because no one is insured in the future from surgical interventions and similar health problems, when their application will be especially necessary.

What antibiotics should not be used

In view of the previously mentioned high resistance to drugs of microorganisms that caused pneumonia, treatment with antibiotics listed below will not give the desired effect. To such means carry:

• simple penicillins ("Bicellin "Ampicillin "Oxacillin etc.),
• cephalosporins of the first and second generation ("Cefazolin "Cefalexin "Cefamizin"),
• fluoroquinolones of the first and second generation ("Nalidixic acid "Norfloxacin "Ofloxacin" and "Ciprofloxacin").

Do not prescribe antibacterial therapy!

Finally, I want to emphasize that self-administration of antibiotics is very dangerous, but not only because they can cause serious side effects.

Regardless of what antibiotics are treated for pneumonia, microorganisms very quickly develop drug resistance to them. So, every new case, which will have to take these drugs, threatens that the expected action will not happen. This, of course, will prolong the course of the disease and cause various difficulties. Therefore, in order not to put yourself in the future in a difficult situation, do not engage in self-medication. And be healthy!

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