Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Antibiotics for pneumonia - the main component of the healing process. Lung inflammation begins acutely, with fever, a strong cough with brown or yellowish sputum, chest pains with coughing and breathing.

Treatment of pneumonia requires an urgent hospitalization of the patient in the therapeutic or resuscitation department (depending on the severity of the condition). Indicated bed rest, vitamin nutrition, and it is also important to consume a large amount of liquid - tea, juice, milk, mineral water.

Since inflammation of the lung tissue most often occurs due to specific microorganisms, the most correct way to fight the pathogen is the introduction of antibiotics intramuscularly and intravenously. This method of administration makes it possible to keep a high concentration of antibiotic in the blood, which contributes to the fight against bacteria. Most often, pneumonia is prescribed antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, since it is impossible to identify the pathogen immediately, and the slightest delay can cost lives.

In general, for the treatment of pneumonia, macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, spiramycin) and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin). To increase the effectiveness of treatment, antibiotics are administered according to a special scheme. At the first stage, the antibiotic is administered parenterally - intramuscularly or intravenously, and then antibiotics are given in tablets.

Despite the wide choice of antibiotics in pharmacies, you should not self-medicate, but it is better to seek help from experienced specialist, since antibiotics are selected strictly individually, based on the analysis of the pathogen pneumonia. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is based not only on antibiotic therapy, but includes several stages in the general treatment regimen.

What antibiotics for pneumonia will be most effective is established laboratory. To do this, bacterial culture of sputum is done on a special medium, and depending on which colony of bacteria begins to develop, the causative agent is established. Then they make a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, and based on these results, the patient is assigned a specific group of antibacterial drugs. But, as the process of identifying the pathogen can take up to 10 days or more, at the initial stage of treatment of pneumonia, the patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. To maintain the concentration of the drug in the blood, it is administered by both intravenous and intramuscularly, combining with anti-inflammatory, resolving agents, vitamins, etc., eg:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. In antipnevmokokkovoy therapy prescribed benzylpenicillin and aminopenicillin, derivatives of cephalosporins of the third generation, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone, macrolides.
• Haemophilus influenzae. With the detected hemophilic rod, aminopenicillins or amoxicillin are prescribed.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics effective against Staphylococcus aureus - oxacillin, protected aminopenicillins, cephalosporins I and II generations.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antibiotics for the treatment of mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia are macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics, as well as fluoroquinolones.
• Legionella pneumophila. Antibiotic, effective against legionella - erythromycin, rifampicin, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
• Enterobacteriaceae spp. Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia caused by klibsiella or E. coli are cephalosporins of the third generation.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics can be the reason for the selection of ineffective drugs or if the intake of antibacterial agents is not taken properly - an incorrect dosage, a violation of the regimen. In normal course, antibiotics are taken to normalize the temperature and then after 3 more days. In severe cases of pneumonia, treatment may take up to 4-6 weeks. If during this period the positive dynamics of the disease is not fixed, then the cause is in the wrong antibacterial treatment. In this case, a second analysis is performed on the bacteria, after which a course of correct antibacterial therapy is conducted. After full recovery and positive results of radiography, spa treatment, smoking cessation, and increased vitamin nutrition are indicated.

In the additional treatment with antibiotics after pneumonia, the patient may need to:

• Wrongly chosen antibiotic for treatment.
• Frequent change of antibiotics.

Also, antibiotic treatment after pneumonia may be necessary in the event of a recurrence of the disease. The reason for this - long-term treatment with antibiotics, depressing the defenses of the body. Also, a similar result arises from self-medication and uncontrolled administration of antibiotics at unidentified doses.

Treatment of pneumonia after antibiotics should be carried out in a hospital, by systematic radiographic monitoring. If after 72 hours the clinical picture does not change or if during the treatment termination the focus of inflammation on X-ray image is not reduced, a second course of treatment is shown, but already with another antibiotic, consultation is also necessary phthisiatrician.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults

Antibiotics for pneumonia in adults are prescribed depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition. Pneumonia is most often caused by a variety of bacteria, less often fungi and protozoa. At the first stage of treatment, up to the end results, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed, and also patient, whether he had previously had pneumonia, tuberculosis, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, is not smoker. In addition, in elderly patients, pathogens differ from similar cases in younger patients.

If the prescribed drug is ineffective and until the bacteriological analysis of sputum is obtained, the recommended antibiotic should not be changed within 3 days. This is the minimum time frame for the antibiotic concentration in the blood to reach its maximum, and it began to act on the lesion site.

• Inflammation of the lungs in patients under 60 years with a mild course appoint Avelox 400 mg per day (or Tavanik 500 mg in day) - 5 days, with him Doxycycline (2 tablets per day - the first day, the rest days - 1 tablet) - 10-14 days. You can take Avelox 400 mg and Amoxiclav 625 mg * 2 times a day - 10-14 days.
• A patient under 60 years of age, with a major illness and other chronic diseases, also a patient over 60 years old are assigned Avelox 400 mg plus Ceftriaxone 1 gram 2 times a day at least 10 days.
• Severe course of pneumonia at any age. A combination of Levofloxacin or Tavanic, intravenously plus Ceftriaxone 2 grams twice a day or Fortum, Cefepime in the same doses intramuscularly or intravenously is recommended. It is possible to administer Sumamed intravenously plus Fortum intramuscularly.
• In extremely severe pneumonia, when the patient is hospitalized in the intensive care unit, appoint: combinations of Sumamed and Tavanik (Leflotsin), Fortum and Tavanik, Targotsida and Meronem, Sumamed and Meronema.

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children

Antibiotics for pneumonia in children begin to enter immediately after confirmation of the diagnosis. Obligatory admission to therapy or in a complex current in the intensive care unit are children, if:

• The child's age is less than two months, regardless of the degree of severity and localization of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
• A child up to three years old, diagnosed with lobar pneumonia.
• The child is up to five years old, the diagnosis is the loss of more than one lobe of the lung.
• Children with a history of encephalopathy.
• A child up to a year old, a confirmed fact of intrauterine infection.
• Children with congenital defects of the heart muscle and circulatory system.
• Children with chronic diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, with diabetes mellitus and malignant blood diseases.
• Children from families who are registered with social services.
• Children from orphanages, from families with insufficient social and living conditions.
• The hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations and treatment at home is indicated.
• Children with severe pneumonia.

With mild bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics from the penicillin group, both natural and synthetic, are indicated. Natural antibiotics: benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and others. Semisynthetic penicillins are commonly divided into isoxazolylpenicillins (oxacillin), aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin), carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin), ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, piperacillin).

The described scheme of antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in children is prescribed until the results of bacterial analysis and detection of the pathogen. After identifying the pathogen further treatment is prescribed by the doctor strictly individually.

Names of antibiotics for pneumonia

The names of antibiotics for pneumonia indicate which group the drug belongs to: ampicillin - oxacillin, ampiox, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalosporins - claforan, cephobid and others. For the treatment of pneumonia in modern medicine are used as synthetic and semi-synthetic, and natural antibiotics. Some types of antibiotics act selectively, only on a certain type of bacteria, and some on a fairly wide range of pathogens. It is with antibiotics of a wide spectrum and it is customary to start antibacterial treatment of pneumonia.

Rules for prescribing antibiotics for pneumonia:

An antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action is prescribed, proceeding from the course of the disease, the color of expectorated sputum.

• Conduct BAC sputum analysis to identify the pathogen, put the test on the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics.
• Prescribe a scheme of antibiotic therapy based on the results of the analysis. In this case, take into account the severity of the disease, the effectiveness, the likelihood of complications and allergies, possible contraindications, the rate of absorption of the drug into the blood, the time of excretion from organism. Most often, two antibacterial drugs are prescribed, for example, an antibiotic group of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Hospital pneumonia is treated with amoxicillin, ceftazidime, with inefficiency - ticarcillin, cefotaxime. Also a combination of antibiotics is possible, especially in severe conditions, mixed infection, weak immunity. In such cases, appoint:

• Cefuroxime and gentamicin.
• Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
• Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
• Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
• Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

With community-acquired pneumonia, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, fluoroquinolone are prescribed, in severe conditions - cefotaxime, clarithromycin. Combinations of the listed antibiotics are possible.

Independently to change a line of treatment by antibiotics it is not necessary, so it can lead to development of stability microorganisms to certain groups of drugs, as a result - inefficiency of antibacterial therapy.

Course of antibiotics for pneumonia

The course of antibiotics for pneumonia is prescribed by the attending physician, based on the patient's age, severity of the disease, the nature of the pathogen and the body's response to antibacterial therapy.

In severe community-acquired pneumonia, the following treatment is prescribed:

1. Aminopenicillins - amoxicillin / clavulanate. Children at an early age are prescribed with aminoglycosides.
2. Possible treatment options:
   • Ticarcillin antibiotics
   • Cephalosporins of II-IV generations.
   • Fluoroquinolones

With aspiration bacterial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Amoxicillin or clavulanate (Augmentin) intravenously + aminoglycoside.
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen, purpose:
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Metronidazole + cephalosporins III n-y + aminoglycosides.
   • Lincosamides + cephalosporins III pen.
   • Carbapenem + vancomycin.

With nosocomial pneumonia, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

1. With an easy course of pneumonia, the use of protected aminopenicillins (Augmentin).
2. Possible variants of the treatment regimen are the appointment of cephalosporins II-III n-th.
3. In severe cases, combined treatment is required:
   • inhibitor-protected carboxypenicillins (ticarcillin / clavulanate) and aminoglycosides;
   • cephalosporins III n-i, cephalosporins IV n-y with aminoglycosides.

Treatment of pneumonia, a long and serious process and attempts at self-medication with antibiotics not only can lead to complications, but and cause the impossibility of correct antibacterial therapy due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to drug.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics caused by Klebsiella

When found in sputum Klibsiella pneumonia treatment with antibiotics is the main method of pathogenic therapy. Klebsiella - a pathogenic microorganism, normally occurs in the human intestine, and with high concentration and a decrease in immunity can cause lung infections. Approximately 1% of cases of bacterial pneumonia are caused by Klebsiella. Most often, such cases are recorded in men over 40, patients with alcoholism, with diabetes, chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

The clinical course of pneumonia caused by klibsiella is similar to pneumococcal pneumonia, often the focus of inflammation is localized in the right upper lobe of the lung, it can spread to other lobes. Develops cyanosis, shortness of breath, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea. Often, pneumonia is complicated by abscess and empyema lung, the reason is that the klibsiella are the cause of tissue destruction. With community-acquired pneumonia, Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter are found in sputum.

Klebsiella, Serratia and Enterobacter have a different degree of sensitivity to antibiotics, so treatment begins with the designation of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins of the third generation, mezlocillin, amikacin is effective against the Serratia strain.

With proper and timely treatment, pneumonia caused by klibsiella, without complications, is completely cured in 2-3 weeks.

Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day. Treatment of severe pneumonia caused by klibsiella, appoint aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin from 3 to 5 mg / kg per day) or amikacin 15 mg / kg per day with cephalothin, cefapyrin, 4 to 12 g in day.

Treatment with antibiotics mycoplasmal pneumonia

If a mycroplasma is detected in the sputum, pneumonia is treated to fight a particular pathogen. Getting into the body, mycoplasma is introduced into the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, where secreting a special secret causes first a strong inflammation, and then begins the destruction of intercellular membranes, epithelial tissues, which ends with necrotic degeneration tissue.

In the pulmonary vesicles, mycoplasma rapidly multiply, the alveoli increase, and possibly the interalveolar septa. Mycoplasmal pneumonia develops slowly, the onset of the disease looks like a cold, then the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, a violent cough begins. The temperature lasts about 5 days, then drops sharply, fixing at around 37-3 degrees, and holds for a long time. On the X-ray image clearly visible darkened foci, degeneration in connective tissue septums.

The difficulty of treating mycoplasmal pneumonia is that the pathogen is inside neutrophils, and this makes penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides ineffective. First of all, macrolides are prescribed: azithromycin (sumamed), spiromycin (rovamycin), clarithromycin, applied 2 times a day, no more than 2 weeks, with a smaller rate of relapse.

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia

Antibiotics for congestive pneumonia appoint a course of at least 2 weeks. Congestive pneumonia develops with prolonged bed rest, in elderly people, weakened, as well as complication after complicated operations. The flow of congestive pneumonia is slow, asymptomatic, there is no chill, fever, cough. The patient can be disturbed only by shortness of breath and weakness, drowsiness, later there is a coughing.

To treat congestive pneumonia it is possible and at home, but adhering to all prescriptions, and only under the control of a doctor, so most often the patient is hospitalized in a hospital. If a bacterial infection is found in the sputum (congestive pneumonia does not always have a bacterial character), antibiotics - cefazolin, digitum or protected penicillin - are prescribed. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

With congestive pneumonia, developing against a background of heart failure, additionally prescribed glycosides and diuretic medicinal complexes, along with antibacterial, bronchodilator, expectorant means. In addition, therapeutic exercise is shown, a diet rich in vitamins. With aspiration pneumonia, bronchoscopy is mandatory.

In general, with a timely diagnosis and antibiotic therapy, quality prevention and maintaining the patient's body, complications with congestive pneumonia does not develop, and recovery comes through 3-4 weeks.

Combination of antibiotics in pneumonia

The combination of antibiotics in pneumonia is introduced by the doctor into the treatment regimen under certain conditions that aggravate the clinic. In the clinic, the use of two or more antibiotics is not approved, due to the high burden on the body - the liver and kidneys of a weakened person can not cope with so many toxins. Therefore, in practice, the treatment of pneumonia with a single antibiotic, whose effect on the pathogenic flora is very high, is acceptable.

Combinations of antibiotics for pneumonia are acceptable when:

• Severe course of pneumonia, with secondary pneumonia.
• Mixed infection.
• Infections with oppressed immunity (with cancer, lymphogranulomatosis, use of cytostatics).
• Dangers or development of resistance to the selected antibiotic.

In such cases, a treatment regimen is developed, based on the introduction of antibiotics that affect Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms - penicillins + aminoglycosides or cephalosporins + aminoglycosides.

Do not engage in self-medication, as the necessary dosage of the drug can be prescribed only by a doctor, and with insufficient doses of antibiotic simply the resistance of microorganisms to the drug will develop, and at too high a dose cirrhosis, renal dysfunction, dysbiosis, severe form of anemia. In addition, some antibiotics for pneumonia, when combined, simply reduce the effectiveness of each other (for example, antibiotics + bacteriostatic drugs).

Best antibiotic for pneumonia

The best antibiotic for pneumonia is one to which the bacteria are most sensitive. For this purpose, special laboratory tests are carried out - bacteriological sprouting of the sputum is done to determine the pathogen and then put the test on sensitivity to antibiotics.

The main direction in the treatment of pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. Until the pathogen is identified, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. In case of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillin with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, etc.), macrolides (rulid, rovamycin, etc.), cephalosporins of the 1st generation (kefzon, cefazolinum, tsoufalexin, etc.) are prescribed.

At hospital pneumonia appoint: penicillin in clavulanic acid, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (klaforan, ceftide, fortum, etc.), fluoroquinolones (peflacin, ciprobai, taravid, etc.), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), carbapenems (thienes).

The full complex of therapy consists not only of a combination of antibiotics (2-3 species), but also directed to restoration of drainage of bronchi (introduction of euphyllinum, beroduala), for liquefaction and excretion of sputum from bronchi. Also inject anti-inflammatory, absorbable drugs, vitamins and components that stimulate the immune system - freshly frozen plasma intravenously, antistaphylococcal and anti-influenza immunoglobulin, interferon and etc.

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia

Modern antibiotics for pneumonia are prescribed according to a special scheme:

• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, intravenous and intramuscular injections of penicillin or cephalosporin preparations of the 1 st, 2 nd generation - cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxine.
• With the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are prescribed.
• Atypical course of pneumonia appoint macrolides - azithromycin, midekamycin, as well as cephalosporins of the third generation - ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, etc.
• With the predominance of gram-positive cocci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci or enterococci, cephalosporins of the 4th generation - cefipin, carbapines - to thienes, meronem, etc., are prescribed.
• With the predominance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins of the third generation-cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, are additionally prescribed aminoglycosides.
• With the prevalence of fungal infection, cephalosporins of the third generation plus fluconazole are prescribed.
• With the predominance of intracellular organisms - mycoplasma, legionella, etc. appoint macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, etc.
• In case of anaerobic infection, inhibitor-protected penicillins-lincomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and others-are prescribed.
• With penvmotsistnoy pneumonia appoint cotrimoxazole and macrolides.
• With cytomegalovirus pneumonia, ganciclovir, aciclovir, and cytotect are prescribed.

ilive.com.ua

Antibiotics for pneumonia - which medications are effective. Treatment of pneumonia in adults and children with antibiotics.

Inflammation begins immediately with pain in the chest with breathing, a strong cough with sputum, a fever. The disease urgently requires hospitalization. The patient is shown bed rest, a special vitamin nutrition, and the main component of the therapeutic process is the treatment with antibiotics.

What is pneumonia?

Inflammation of the lungs in people called pneumonia. It is an infection of the lower respiratory tract with an incubation period of 2 to 10 days, in which pulmonary tissues are involved. There are several types of disease:

1. Atypical. Called chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasmas, that is, an atypical microflora.
2. Aspiration. It arises from the ingress of water, food or foreign objects into the respiratory tract.
3. Hospital. The disease develops while the patient is in the hospital.
4. Community-acquired. Occurs as a complication after a viral infection. Often is the cause of mortality due to a strong decrease in immunity.

New generation antibiotics help to avoid the complication of pneumonia, in which lung abscess, empyema of the pleura, pneumothorax and other serious diseases can develop. The most serious consequence of pneumonia is respiratory failure. This pathology develops in patients with other chronic diseases or in elderly patients who do not receive adequate antibiotic treatment. Often, failure leads to death.

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Given the acute course of the disease, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed without waiting for laboratory tests. Doctors distinguish three degrees of severity of inflammation of the lungs. At the mildest stage, the organism becomes intoxicated (weakly expressed), the patient's body temperature does not exceed 38 ° C, the heart beats in a normal rhythm. Consciousness of the patient remains clear, and with the X-ray study, a small focus of inflammation is seen localizing in the upper lobe of the lung.

At a severe stage, the body temperature immediately increases to 39 ° C, tachycardia (moderate), intoxication, on X-ray pronounced infiltration. The heaviest degree of pneumonia (pleuropneumonia) is characterized by a body temperature of 40 ° C, the patient raves, suffers from shortness of breath, intoxication is pronounced. Prescribe antibiotics for pneumonia, given the following factors:

• stage and severity of the disease;
• toxicity of drugs;
• contraindications;
• a possible manifestation of allergy;
• spectrum of antibiotic action;
• speed of penetration into the body of the medicine;
• the rate of development of bacterial resistance to this drug.

Penicillins

The first antibacterial drugs that quickly penetrate into tissues and liquids, so they are used for congestive pneumonia. If the causative agent of inflammation are staphylococci or streptococci, then treatment with drugs of this type is effective. When pathology occurs for a different reason, then other antibiotics are prescribed. Penicillins are administered orally (tablets, suspensions) and through injections (injections). Penicillins include:

• Amoxicillin;
• Mesocillin;
• Flemoxin.

Tetracyclines

A group of drugs used in the treatment of pneumonia is becoming less common. Their instability to the action of microorganisms and the ability to accumulate in tissues is the cause. Tetracyclines have many contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age under 7 years, kidney disease. Famous representatives of this group of antibiotics:

• Tetracycline;
• Doxycycline.

Cephalosporins

Actively act on all the bacteria of the cocci group, have excellent antibacterial properties to gram-negative and gram-positive flora, affect microorganisms that are resistant to drugs penicillin group. Among the adverse reactions, allergy is evident. Intravenous or intramuscular route of administration is used. The antibiotics of this group include drugs:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefonucid;
• Ceftithoxime.

Macrolides

This group of antibiotics for pneumonia is used to neutralize chlamydia, legionella, cocci. Macrolides are well absorbed, but food can slow down the process. Side effects and allergic manifestations are extremely rare. Contraindications include liver disease in patients. Representatives of this category of drugs:

• Sumamed;
• Erythromycin;
• Clarithromycin.

Aminoglycosides

They act on gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. They are used when the inflammation of the lungs is caused by several kinds of bacteria, so therapy is prescribed together with antibacterial or antiviral drugs. For example, the action of antibiotic Amikatsina in atypical pneumonia will strengthen antibacterial Metronidazole. When joint admission should be observed at the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidneys (excretory capacity). Representatives of the group are:

• Gentamicin;
• Iepamycin;
• Neomycin.

Fluoroquinols

Medicines actively affect the E. coli, Legionella. To date, fluoroquinolones are one of the leading places in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. These are broad-spectrum drugs with the ability to penetrate deeply into tissues. Resistance of microorganisms to fluoroquinols rarely develops due to structural changes in DNA and permeability of the bacterial wall. Known antibiotics of this group:

• Ofloxacin;
• Pefloxacin;
• Chlamploploxacin.

How to treat pneumonia with antibiotics

What to take antibacterial drugs solves only the doctor. Self-treatment of pneumonia in the home can lead to death. Antibiotic therapy is conducted no more than 10 days, since many drugs are toxic. With bilateral pneumonia, treatment can be prolonged for a longer period. The specialist takes into account the general condition of the patient, his age and the dosage form of the drug. You need this dosage of antibiotic in the blood so that it is effective at a given degree of the disease.

In adults

After 18 years of age, antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia in a dosage calculated individually. An adult doctor can prescribe the use of both a single drug and antibacterial agents in several groups. Most drugs are used in ampoules, because some modern drugs, for example, Ceftriaxone, are not available in tablets. In addition, experts argue that antibiotics are more effective if they are stabbed, not consumed.

If there is no therapeutic effect after 3 days, the doctor should replace the medicine with another group of antibiotics. It is often not recommended to change preparations too, so as not to develop the resistance of microorganisms to them. When the cause of inflammation is the virus, then immunomodulators are additionally prescribed:

• Grogrinosine;
• Amiksin;
• Arbidol.

Children

Especially dangerous is the child's pneumonia, because it arises hidden after the transferred ARVI, and not as an independent disease. The child becomes sluggish, loses appetite, there are coughing, wheezing, high fever. The basis of children's therapy, too, are antibiotics, which are administered parenterally. Kids are prescribed natural and semi-synthetic penicillins or macrolides, in which the duration of treatment lasts no more than 5 days. Pre-pediatricians make a test for sensitivity to a child's prescribed antibiotic.

Video: Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics

sovets.net

Antibiotics for pneumonia: what are prescribed for children and adults

Antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including those with pneumonia.To treat this disease in medicine, a huge number of drugs are used, so for selection appropriate means to conduct a thorough examination of the patient and find out the cause infection.

Most often, the incompetence of physicians leads to the misapplication of antibiotics, because of which the inflammation of the lungs can not be cured and the disease develops into a chronic form. Often such cases are also fixed when treating patients with sinusitis. This is mainly due to the old treatment regimen and the reluctance of doctors to study the latest developments in modern medicine that can cope with a mutating virus.

It is interesting

Many people at any age are ill with pneumonia. This disease occurs in both adults and children. Most often, a course of antibiotics is prescribed to treat this ailment.

With pneumonia the most effective in the opinion of specialists are the following means:

1. Penicillins, among which the most common are Ampicillinum, Amoxicillinum and others;
2. Cephalosporins - such as Zinnat, Supraks, Zinacef and others;
3. Macrolides - these include Hemomycetin, Sumamed and others;
4. Fluoroquinolones, which include Avelox, Mosaksak and Moxifloxacin.

Depending on the severity of the disease and on the drugs that the patient took earlier, the appointment of a doctor will also depend. The patient also needs to conduct an analysis of sputum, due to which the doctors determine the type of bacteria that led to the inflammatory process. To find out which bacterium the patient is suffering from, it is easy to prescribe a course of treatment.If the treatment does not work, then the doctors prescribe other drugs that will be able to cope with the inflammation.

Nowadays, for the treatment of pneumonia, doctors prescribe drugs such as Avelox and Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Levofloxacin and Loxof, Meronem and Sumamed, Tavanic and Targotsid, Fortum or Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin.

Important

The main thing is to drink the whole course and do not stop halfway, feeling relieved. Otherwise, a relapse may occur and these tablets will not help.

In the fungal nature of pneumonia, not only antibiotics, but also antifungal drugs are prescribed. In viral pneumonia, antibiotics are taken together with antiviral agents.

Antibiotics greatly impair human immunity and intestinal microflora. To avoid the development of dysbacteriosis, it is necessary to take probiotics.

If treatment is carried out correctly, then the patient will recover depending on the state of his immunity.

Many believe that modern antibiotics can guarantee a rapid cure for pneumonia.

Antibiotics allow you to get rid of the bacteria that caused this ailment, but a full recovery will still occur no sooner than three weeks from the start of taking medicines. And with weakened immunity recovery can last several months. That is, all this time will have to take antibiotics to finally get rid of inflammation.

Inflammation of the lungs is a terrible disease that does not tolerate self-treatment. To make the correct diagnosis, you need to go to the doctor and take all the tests to determine the cause of the development of pneumonia.

After the course of preparations, the body must necessarily rest.Two consecutive courses of such strong means are not appointed, so as not to harm other human organs.

The most effective drugs are injectable antibiotics, which are administered intramuscularly or intravenously. However, this is not the case. Since during normal operation of the digestive system, the tablets also act very actively on the causative agent of the infection.

Antibiotic for pneumonia: treatment of adults and children

Antibiotic for pneumonia in adults is chosen depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient. Pneumonia is caused by various bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Initially, the doctor prescribes extensive antibiotics and collects an anamnesis, which indicates previously suffered severe illnesses, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis. It is also important to know whether the patient is abusing tobacco smoking. In elderly and young people, pathogens differ from each other.

While a bacteriological analysis of the sputum is not obtained, the antibiotic takes 3 days. If there are no results, then another antibiotic is prescribed for the same period of time.

It is important to know

The minimum period for taking antibiotics is 3 days. During this time, its concentration in the blood reaches a maximum, and it begins to act actively.

• Adults under the age of 60 years with mild illness are prescribed Avelox 400 mg or Tavanik 500 mg, which should be taken for 5 days. In addition, prescribe Doxycycline, a course of 2 weeks.
• In complex forms of the disease and patients older than 60 years for treatment will require other drugs. In these cases, appoint Avelox 400 mg and injections of Ceftriaxone 1 gram. The course lasts 5-7 days.
• In severe inflammatory processes, identified at any adulthood, injections of Levofloxacin with Tavanic, Ceftriaxone or Cefepime are recommended twice a day.
• With neglected forms of pneumonia, the patient is referred for inpatient treatment and Sumamed is used with Leflotsin, Fortum with Tavanik, Targocid or Sumamed with Meronem.

For the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed after confirmation of the diagnosis.

Children of a certain group are to be treated in a hospital:

• Newborns up to 2 months at any degree of disease.
• With lobar pneumonia in the age of up to 3 years.
• If two or more lobes of the lung are involved in the blows, up to 5 years of age.
• With early encephalopathy at any age.
• Children under one year with intrauterine infection.
• With defects of the circulatory system and the heart muscle.
• In chronic diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.
• With diabetes and blood diseases.
• Those who are registered with the social services or living in an orphanage.
• Hospitalization of children with non-compliance with medical recommendations for severe pneumonia has been reported.

With the usual pneumonia, children are prescribed penicillin antibiotics.Natural forms include benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. To semisynthetic - oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin or piperacillin.

Such drugs are also prescribed until the sputum test results are obtained to determine the cause of the disease. When receiving tests, the doctor reviews the course of treatment and makes appointments according to the results obtained.

The main treatment for pneumonia is antibacterial therapy. While the causative agent is not defined, antibiotics of wide action are taken. After receiving the tests, the appointment is revised and more drugs are prescribed.

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gajmorit.com

What antibiotics are recommended by doctors for pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that usually occurs when bacteria and viruses enter the respiratory tract. First pathogenic bacteria affect the nasopharynx, then the bronchi and, sinking down, settle on the lungs. Therefore, the disease often occurs not in itself, but as a consequence of the transmitted viral and colds.

What antibiotics are recommended by doctors for inflammation of the lungs?

Inflammation is one of the most common diseases. Often, many doctors prescribe antibiotics. How to drink them, and which of the drugs in this group are considered the most effective? Most effective:

1. group of penicillins: Amoxiclav, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin;

2. group of cephalosporins: Aksetin, Zinnat, Cefixim, Supraks, Zinacef;

3. group macrolides: Hemomycetin, Azithromitsyn, Sumamed.

4. group fluoroquinolones: Avelox, Levofloxacin, Mossimak, Moxifloxacin;

The purpose of antibiotics depends both on the severity of the disease, and on what drugs a person used earlier. It should also take into account the sensitivity of the patient's body to antibiotics. In order not to be mistaken in this procedure, sputum analysis is performed. As a result, the type of bacteria that contribute to the inflammatory process is revealed. On its basis, antibiotics are determined, which must be drunk. After all, only certain drugs will help to cope effectively with the inflammation of the lungs of a particular type. If nothing is obtained then the doctors by trial and error reveal an antibiotic that can cope with the disease.

How to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia?

What antibiotics are most effective for the disease, usually prescribed by a doctor. First of all, it depends on the severity of the disease, and on what antibiotics the patient took earlier, on the sensitivity of the organism to this or that drug.

To determine the sensitivity, sputum tests are carried out, as a result of the analysis, the presence of bacteria is revealed which triggered the disease. Also on the basis of these analyzes determine the range of antibiotics that must cope with pathogenic organisms.

In medicine, there is such a thing as an antibioticogram, when sensitivity to antibiotics is carried out with the help of this method, if sputum analysis has not yielded a positive result. It often happens that one person has been helped by an appointed antibiotic, and the other is not, in that case, and use an antibioticogram. This often happens because of the insensitivity of the body to the drug.

Principles of therapy for pneumonia with antibiotics

In the treatment of a disease such as pneumonia, a whole complex of medicines is used. First of all, these are antibiotics, antiviral, antimicrobial drugs, as well as sulfonamides. It should be taken into account that the intake of the latter must necessarily be combined with alkaline-containing preparations, for example, mineral water Borjomi. In addition to antibiotics prescribe drugs that can alleviate the general condition of a person - antipyretic, expectorant, tonic.

Another reason why pneumonia is recommended to be treated in a hospital is the excessive "self-activity" of patients. Feeling relieved, they stop taking medication, and pneumonia whose antibiotic treatment is not completed, usually returns.

1. patients under the age of 60 years without any other diseases - need antibiotics from the penicillin and macrolides. Pneumonia occurs without complications. This group of people are treated at home under the supervision of a doctor with the use of auxiliary home remedies;

2. people after 60 years with other diseases (diabetes, hypertension, mentally ill, with cardiovascular insufficiency, suffering from alcoholism and drug addiction). Write out antibiotics of the third generation - aminopenicillins, cephalosporins. Treatment is due in the hospital, as complications can occur dramatically;

3. people of any age category with very severe course of the disease - they are prescribed antibiotics of the fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin). They need urgent hospitalization and analysis of the composition of the microflora of the respiratory organs to determine the causative agent of pneumonia.

How to choose an antibiotic in the inflammatory process of the lungs?

What should be considered before choosing an antibiotic for inflammation of the lungs:

• severity of the disease;
• type of generation and spectrum of the drug (bacteriostatic or bactericidal), as well as its toxicity;
• the rate of development of resistance of microbes to a specific antibiotic;
• the presence of contraindications and the possibility of allergic reactions.

Myths about the use of antibiotics for pneumonia in the lungs

Very often, when making the diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection in humans, it is also itching to crush all bacteria with antibacterial drugs, most often antibiotics. As a result, the body is weakened, and, among the bacteria that live in it, there necessarily will be those on which the swallowed antibiotic will not work. They are the source of the disease, but not simple, but caused by microbes with resistance to antibiotics. Proceeding from this, it turns out that preventive antibiotic therapy increases the risk of the disease at times.

Widely advertised on television and in the press, medicines often contain only symptomatic remedies, which only facilitate the course of the disease, but do not affect its outcome in any way. Moreover, they can lead to unpleasant residual phenomena and complications. On the other hand, the availability of a wide range of safe and effective antibiotics allows doctors to treat most patients at home, with appropriate care.

With proper treatment of pneumonia, the rate of recovery usually depends on the general state of the patient's immunity. There are two common misconceptions about modern antibiotics:

1. modern antibiotics - a guarantee of rapid recovery. Of course, antibiotics can provide a favorable prognosis, however, the period of full recovery from this is not changes - 21 days on average (in people with a normal level of immunity - 10 days, and with a weakened - up to three months). This does not mean that the patient is obliged to take antibiotics throughout the treatment period. Antibiotics are prescribed by the course, after the end, which must be given to the body to regain its strength;

2. the most effective antibiotics are injectable. By no means. In the normal gastrointestinal tract, various antibacterial drugs taken internally are no less effective.

Pneumonia is a disease that can not be treated independently under any circumstances. This requires a large professional experience of the doctor and competent use of antibiotics, suitable in each case.

AstroMeridian.ru

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs, often a consequence or complication of bronchitis. Treatment of pneumonia is carried out with antibiotics on a mandatory basis, because the causative agents of the disease are bacteriological infections.

Types of disease

There are pneumonia:

1. Hospital.
2. Community-acquired.

Depending on the treatment regime, different regimens for antibiotics are selected.

Rules for prescribing:

1. Choose a wide-spectrum antibiotic. This will be first line antibiotic therapy. The cause of the disease is assumed based on the color of sputum separated from the lungs and the nature of the course of pneumonia.
2. Conduct an analysis to identify the bacteria that caused the disease, as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics.
3. Correct the treatment scheme according to the results of the smear analysis of the sputum to be separated.

When choosing which antibiotics to drink in acute bronchitis and pneumonia, you should also consider:

• severity of the disease;
• contraindications;
• possible allergic reactions;
• toxicity of drugs;
• the tendency of development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics;
• the speed of penetration of the drug in body fluids;
• the speed at which the therapeutic dosage is reached in the foci of inflammation;
• spectrum of action of the drug.

Ineffectiveness of antibiotic in pneumonia

Such situations are quite a rarity. Basically they arise because of previous self-treatment of the patient with the help of bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents. Causes of lack of effectiveness of drugs can also be:

• frequent use and change of antibiotics;
• development of resistance of microorganisms to the selected drug;
• incorrect choice of dosage and duration of treatment.

The solution to the problem is replacing the drug with another, or combining several drugs.

What antibiotics to treat hospital pneumonia?

Hospital type of pneumonia involves a constant finding of a patient in a hospital hospital and supervision by a doctor.

First line.The following drugs are used:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Penicillin.
3. Cefepime.
4. Ceftazidime.
5. Cefoperazone.

When intolerance of the above antibiotics or the occurrence of allergic reactions, it is possible to use alternative agents:

1. Ticarcillin.
2. Piperacillin.
3. Cefotaxime.
4. Ceftriaxone.
5. Ciprofloxacin.

In some cases, a combination of antibiotics is required to quickly improve the patient's condition and achieve the necessary concentration of the active substance in the body.

The basis for its use are:

• severe course of the disease;
• mixed infection;
• rapid development of microbial resistance to a single form of antibiotic;
• inflammatory process occurs against the background of oppressed immunity;
• The causative agent of infection is a combination of microorganisms that do not fall within the spectrum of exposure of any drug.

Antibiotics used together:

1. Cefuroxime and gentamicin;
2. Amoxicillin and gentamicin.
3. Lincomycin and amoxicillin.
4. Cephalosporin and lincomycin.
5. Cephalosporin and metronidazole.

The second line.If the initial treatment regimen is ineffective or in accordance with the correction according to the results of the pathogen analysis:

1. Cefepime.
2. Ticarcillin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Imipenem.
5. Meropenem.

Antibiotics against community-acquired pneumonia

At a mild and moderate stage of the disease, such antibiotics are used:

1. Clartromycin.
2. Azithromycin.
3. Fluoroquinolone.
4. Doxycycline.
5. Aminopenicillin.
6. Benzylpenicillin.

Names of antibiotics in the severe stage of pneumonia:

1. Cefotaxime.
2. Ceftriaxone.
3. Clarithromycin.
4. Azithromycin.
5. Fluoroquinolone.

Combinations of the above drugs can be used.

To choose the best suitable antibiotic for pneumonia, certainly, should the doctor. This will prevent the aggravation of the course of the disease and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the body.

WomanAdvice.ru

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