Nutrition for gastroenteritis

In diseases of the digestive system,is given to medical nutrition. The diet can reduce the functional load on the organs, normalize the motor activity of the stomach and intestines, improve the secretory function and promote bile secretion.

The diet for acute gastroenteritis may be almost the only prescription of the doctor, except for sorbents, for example, activated carbon or Smecta, since medications can have an aggressive effect on the inflamed mucosa.

Importance of the diet for inflammation of the digestive tract

In gastroenteritis, the inner shell of the stomach and small intestine is inflamed, so vomiting and diarrhea, cramping pains often occur, with the onset of myalgia and headaches, weakness. If the inflammation of the organs is strong, then internal bleeding may begin, which will be clear from the presence of blood in the stool.

Gastroenteritis can be a chronic disease. The disease can occur in mild, moderate form, and also severe. Since the body temperature rises to febrile values ​​with average and severe flow, and there is vomiting and diarrhea up to 10 times a day, dehydration often occurs.

Dehydration is manifested by dry mouth, darkening of urine and its small amount, weakness, fever, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appearance( circles under the eyes, redness of the skin, pointed chin).Diet with gastroenteritis helps minimize the aggressive effect on the gastric mucosa, prevent dehydration, reduce fermentation in the intestine.

What are the recommendations for nutrition during the period of the

illness? Do doctors recommend not to eat 24 hours after the onset of symptoms when treating the disease. Only by releasing the stomach( vomiting) and intestines( diarrhea) the body, will clean off the toxins or virus, which caused the pathology. Because there is a lot of liquid, it needs to be constantly replenished, drinking a lot of liquid.

Water or herbal tea should be warm( 15-55 ⁰С) and drink them in small sips for a long time to avoid vomiting. A little help a little pipe. With severe diarrhea and vomiting, it is advisable to take a rehydration solution, which you can buy at the pharmacy or cook yourself( add a teaspoon of sugar and three quarters of a small spoonful of salt to 200 ml of orange juice).

Some experts believe that if there is an appetite, then do not starve the patient, but you need to give him food that will not irritate mechanically or chemically the mucous membrane of the stomach. The main dietary recommendations for gastroenteritis:

• fractional meals( every 3 hours);
• dishes should be cooked steamed, baked or boiled;
• it is impossible to use something very cold or, conversely, hotter( not to irritate the mucous membrane);
• products should be sparingly sparing.

The purpose of the diet is to prevent stress on the intestines and to reduce fermentation in it.

Diet in case of gastroenteritis

. In case of pathology, the gastroenterologist appoints nutritional food № 4. The diet assumes a decrease in the amount of salt( up to 10 grams per day) and sugar, a decrease in calories due to cutback of carbohydrates and proteinsenergy value is 2000 kcal), you need to eat 5-6 times a day, but in small portions. The diet is also suitable for those diagnosed with gastroenterocolitis( inflammation of the stomach, small and large intestine).

The patient should receive up to 90 grams of protein per day, 70 grams of fat and 250 grams of carbohydrates. If gas formation is increased, the use of proteins and carbohydrates should be further restricted. If the exacerbation of chronic gastroenteritis, it is recommended to follow the No4B diet. It allows you to consume up to 120 grams of protein and fat, up to 500 grams of carbohydrates( energy value 2800-3600 kcal).

All dishes are served with mashed and cooked steamed or boiled. This diet should be kept for 2-4 weeks. Diet with gastroenteritis in adults is the same as in children, the difference is only in its energy value and the ratio of nutrients( in children, they are established based on the age norm and are reduced by 15-50%, depending on the severity of the disease).At 4-5, day with positive dynamics, the daily volume of food should approach the normal, that is, the discharge period ends.

What you can eat in the acute period

Nutrition for gastroenteritis should be consistent with the attending physician, consideration should be given to the severity of the symptoms, the age of the patient, the accompanying pathology. As a rule, when you have an appetite, you can eat rusks without additives, rice porridge, bananas. These products envelop the gastric mucosa and prevent the gastric juice from aggressively acting on the irritated mucosa.

Doctor will tell you what you can eat and how long to adhere to the diet in each case.

Bananas should be ripe, you can not give rotten or green. This fruit is rich in potassium, which helps restore the electrolyte balance in the body, as well as inulin, which accelerates the growth of useful microflora in the intestine.

The fruit contains pectin, which is able to bind fluid from the lumen of the intestine, and the colloidal mass during movement "captures" undigested food remains and microorganisms with products of their vital activity.

Bananas help you quickly get rid of hunger, while they do not overload the digestive system. In a day, you can eat 2-3 bananas, while they also need to be kneaded to a puree state. The rice should be strongly boiled, so that the mucous does not get injured. If you do not want to eat, then you can drink only rice decoction.

In the early days of the disease, porridge is prepared without the addition of milk, butter or dried fruit. Rice reduces the manifestations of flatulence, protects the mucous membrane, promotes the elimination of toxins, improves peristalsis, normalizes the formation of stools, absorbs excess moisture. The first day after the start of gastroenteritis, you can also drink a weak chicken broth, eat a baked apple, vegetable puree from potatoes and carrots. In apples and carrots also contains pectin.

After the main manifestations of gastroenteritis pass( stop vomiting and diarrhea), you can expand the menu

You can use the following foods and dishes:

• yesterday's white bread, cookies "Mary" and the like, biscuit;
• soups on vegetable, meat or fish broth( you can not add beans to it);
• cutlets, meatballs, puree from dietary meat or from lean fish. Cook them can be a couple or bake;
• vegetables( carrots, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower, broccoli, tomato, potatoes).They must be boiled and chopped in a blender or fork;
• porridge from buckwheat, rice, semolina or oatmeal;
• sour-milk products( kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, yogurt, ryazhenka).It is desirable that they were low-fat;
• cream and vegetable oil;
• eggs boiled soft-boiled or scrambled eggs.

What you can and can not drink during illness

You can drink green, black or herbal tea, ordinary or mineral water, decoction of rose hips, dried fruit compote, cranberry or cranberry fruit juice, juices diluted with water. Get rid of diarrhea can help decoctions based on chamomile, St. John's wort, yarrow, oak bark, sage, thyme, linden, blueberry or bird cherry, cones of alder.

With nausea, tea with mint or melissa with the addition of lemon will cope. In the drinks you can add a small amount of honey. Restore the flora of the intestines are capable of sour-milk products, so it is desirable to drink kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurts. Products with bifidobacteria or lactobacilli( yogurt, bifiquefir, acidolact) improve digestion, promote the absorption of fats and calcium, stimulate the secretory and motor activity of the intestine, destroy the pathogenic flora, which accelerates recovery.

Well-behaved kissels, they envelop the mucous, and starch is a sorbent and cleanses the intestines from toxins. You can not use alcohol, milk, cocoa, coffee, freshly squeezed concentrated juices, kvass, coffee, fizzy drinks with gastroenteritis.

A minimum of 2 liters of

fluid should be consumed per day. What can not be eaten with inflammation in the digestive tract

During the acute form of gastroenteritis, in order not to irritate the inflamed gastric mucosa and not to aggravate the condition and bleeding, the following foods should be excluded from the patient menu:

• all fresh vegetables, berries and fruits;
• beans( peas, beans, lentils);
• mushrooms;
• fresh milk;
• sweets( including chocolate, ice cream);
• fatty, fried, hot and smoked, as well as pickled vegetables;
• fresh baked goods;
• products with essential oils( onion, garlic, radish, radish).

These products are able to irritate the mucous or hard to digest, cause increased gas production and increase the load on the digestive system. Sweet negatively affects the intestinal microflora, and products with a large number of spices increase appetite. Fresh baked goods and kvass promote fermentation in the intestines, which worsens the patient's condition.

It is necessary to adhere to a sparing diet for at least two weeks. To expand the diet after gastroenteritis should be carefully, this process can last for a month or two. After the addition of the "dangerous" product, it is necessary to follow the reaction of the body, if there was a heaviness in the abdomen, a flatulence appeared, it is still too early to include it in the menu.

Fruits and berries help to fill the supply of essential vitamins and trace elements. After the disease, first you need to enter sweet apples, pears, grapes, quince, watermelon, citrus, black currant, pomegranates, cherries( preferably fruits without skin).From vegetables the last add cucumbers, white cabbage, radish.

If you do not adhere to a diet with acute gastroenteritis, then due to insufficient digestive, motor and evacuation activities, it can go on into a chronic form. It is desirable to eat fully in just one week after the signs of gastroenteritis have disappeared. Since diet No4 does not satisfy the physiological needs of the body, it is always necessary to adhere to a healthy diet or at least 2 months.