Angina is a phenomenon that occurs with ischemic heart disease as a result of atherosclerotic disease. Cholesterol plaques clog vessels that feed the heart muscle, which is the cause of the pain in the heart.
The more narrow the lumen of the vessels, the more frequent angina attacks occur. With arteries narrowing by 75% or more, this condition can occur several times a day.
Most people suffer after the age of 45 years. The attack manifests itself by sudden sharp pain in the chest.
Angina attacks can also occur with the following pathologies:
- thickening of the heart muscle;
- severe anemia;
- violation in the operation of the heart valve;
Symptoms in men and women
The main symptom of an attack of angina is a sudden pain syndrome behind the sternum, withPeople describe this state in different ways. Some complain of the appearance of
Others feel raspiruyuschie pain, giving under the shoulder blade or in the stomach, neck, throat. The attack lasts no more than 15 minutes and passes by itself or after taking nitroglycerin .If this condition does not pass, it may mean that acute myocardial infarction has occurred.
The most common angina is manifested when:
- fast walking;
- climbing the ladder;
- excitement;
- output to the cold;
Angina can manifest itself and at rest, for example, during a night's sleep. This occurs as a result of spasms of the coronary vessels passing over the surface of the heart. This form of angina is called "rest angina", which is considered a more severe manifestation of the disease.
Similar pain sensations can occur also in neuroses, chondroses of the upper spine, heart defects, lung diseases or gastrointestinal tract, with myocardial infarction.
During seizures, may occur with nonspecific symptoms of angina pectoris: nausea, vomiting, weakness in the muscles, excessive sweating, dizziness, panic.
Severe sudden pain in the heart area may appear in young men in the early morning or at night .Spasm of blood vessels that feed the heart muscle does not always occur as a result of atherosclerosis. Such angina is called vasospastic or stenocardia of Prinzmetalla.
Women are less likely to experience shortness of breath or attacks of pain giving .More often they experience sensations in the form of a pulsation or pricking, nausea, the appearance of pain in the abdominal region. The most common complaints in men are sharp pains in the heart with recoil under the shoulder blade or in the arm.
First urgent help: what to do, what medicines to take
We will tell in detail about the algorithm of action for providing urgent first aid for angina pectoris.
If an attack occurs during physical activity, it is important to stop, if possible, lie down or sit down .Often, such rest helps to relieve symptoms. At the first sign of angina pectoris, it is best to take nitroglycerin, which helps rather quickly.
If the pain symptom does not persist for two minutes, the preparation of should be repeated. If there is no result, it is necessary to call for medical help, since myocardial infarction is possible.
If you have headaches, you can drink analgesic .If the pulse is greatly elevated and reaches 110 beats per minute or more, you need to take anaprilin.
If the attack happened at rest, the patient should be planted so that his legs were lowered .We need to loosen the collar, open the window and use nitroglycerin.most often require medical attention.
Seek medical attention if:
- exacerbation occurred within two months of the onset of myocardial infarction;
- symptoms are accompanied by vomiting;
- pain does not go away after nitroglycerin for 15 minutes;
- a blue skin appeared;
- a loss of consciousness occurred;
- blood pressure significantly increased or decreased;
- , each subsequent attack for a month proceeds more and more, and the effectiveness of nitroglycerin decreases.
In the usual course of an attack and long-term heart disease, if all the measures taken are effective, there is no need to call for emergency care and emergency hospitalization.
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Medical treatment
The main task of emergency physicians is to recognize the attack, eliminate the threat to life, identify the development of myocardial infarction, and medication.
First of all, the physician listens to complaints and diagnoses the pain symptom , conducts blood pressure monitoring, ECG.If the patient does not tolerate nitroglycerin, then a Valsalva trial is performed, a massage of the sino-carotid zone. The patient is given Corvalol 30 drops.
In the absence of the result, heparin is injected, oxygenotherapy, neuroleptoanalgesia, the patient is given ½ aspirin tablets for chewing.
If respiratory depression is observed, naloxone solution is administered. As a sedative apply seduxen .When detecting extrasystoles, slowly inject lidocaine.
What is undesirable to do with this problem
Some people, just feeling the pain behind the sternum, immediately cause urgent help. In such cases, is better not to rush, but to try to help yourself .Often enough to relieve the attack is enough to ensure peace.
If after a couple of minutes the pain does not go away, you need to take nitroglycerin under the tongue. If there is no effect after 5 minutes, take another tablet. If the pain does not go away after these measures, you should call for medical attention.
Some, on the contrary, neglect the medical assistance of and wait for self-care of heart pains, refusing even medication. This attitude is fraught with deterioration of the state and the emergence of a threat to life.
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Prevention
For the prevention of angina pectoris, it is important to adhere to the basic rules and, first of all, the of the correct way of life .To do this, you should give up alcohol and smoking. In foods, avoid foods high in cholesterol. Control over body weight is also necessary.
The important point is minimizing the stress and agitation of .If the seizures already existed earlier, it is necessary to carry nitroglycerin with you and know the rules of its use. After consultation with a doctor, you can conduct courses of aspirin-containing drugs.
