When to take antibiotics for colds

Whether to drink antibiotics at cold at children or adults?

Everyone who received a diploma from any medical institute is firmly aware and remember that antibiotics for colds, ARVI and flu do not help. This is remembered by doctors in polyclinics, practicing doctors in hospitals. However, antibiotics are prescribed and not infrequently simply prophylactically. Because when you go to a doctor at the hospital, the patient needs treatment.

And in cases with a cold, acute respiratory viral infection, in addition to all the known rules - abundant drinking, bed rest, vitaminized, limited (diet) food, medicamentous means and folk methods for rinsing the throat, washing the nose, inhaling, rubbing with warming ointments - nothing else is needed, this all treatment of the common cold is limited. But no, a person expects medicines from the doctor, often just begging for an antibiotic.

Worse, the patient can independently start taking any antibiotic according to his experience or someone's advice. Appealing to a doctor today takes a long time, and medicines are very easy to acquire. No civilized country has such open access to medicines, as in Russia. Fortunately, today most antibiotics dispense prescription antibiotics, but there is always a chance to get a drug without a prescription (having mercilessly dispensed a pharmacist or choosing a pharmacy that values ​​its turnover most of all).

As for the treatment of a cold in a child, the situation is often overshadowed by the fact that the pediatrician is simply reinsured, appoints an effective, good, "child" antibiotic for colds for prevention, in order to avoid possible complications. If the child begins to drink abundantly, moisturize, ventilate the room, give fever at a high temperature for children, apply all known means for colds and folk methods - the body must cope with the majority of respiratory viral infections.

And why, then, did the pediatrician prescribe antibiotics?

Because complications are possible. Yes, the risk of complications in preschool children is very high. Today, not every mother can boast of strong immunity and the general good health of her child. And the doctor in this case is guilty, did not notice, did not check, did not appoint. Fear of accusations of incompetence, inattention, danger of prosecution pushes pediatricians to prescribe an antibiotic for children with colds as prevention.

It should be remembered that a cold in 90% of cases is of viral origin, and viruses do not cure antibiotics.

Only in cases when the body did not cope with the virus and there were complications, a bacterial infection joined, localized in the oral cavity, nose, bronchi or lungs - only in this case antibiotics are indicated.

Can I understand by analysis that antibiotics are needed?

Laboratory tests that confirm the bacterial nature of the infection are not always performed:

• Since sputum cultures, urine for today is quite expensive for polyclinics and they are trying to save on them.
• Exceptions are swabs from the pharynx and nose with angina to the stick of Lefler (causative agent of diphtheria) and selective sowing of detachable tonsils with chronic tonsillitis or urine in pathologies of the urinary tract.
• More chances to get bacteriological confirmation of microbial infection in hospital patients.
• Indirect signs of bacterial inflammation will be changes in the clinical blood test. Here the physician can orient on the rise of ESR, the increase in the number of leukocytes and the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left (increase of stab and segmented leukocytes).

How to understand by feeling that there were complications?

By eye, the attachment of bacteria can be determined by:

• Changing the color of the separated nose, pharynx, ear, eyes, bronchi - from transparent it becomes cloudy, yellow or green.
• Against the background of bacterial infection, as a rule, there is a repeated rise in temperature (for example, with pneumonia, which complicated ARVI).
• With bacterial inflammation in the urinary system, urine will most likely become turbid and a visible sediment will appear in it.
• When lesions of the intestinal microbes in the feces appear mucus, pus or blood.

Understand that there are complications of acute respiratory viral infection is possible on the following grounds:

• If after the onset of an acute respiratory infection or a cold, after the improvement on day 5-6, the temperature rises again to 38-39C, feeling, cough worse, there is shortness of breath or pain in the chest with breathing and coughing - the risk of pneumonia is high.
• Increases in sore throat at high temperature or there are raids on tonsils, cervical lymph nodes increase - it is necessary to exclude angina or diphtheria.
• There is pain in the ear, which increases with pressure on the tragus, or from the ear flowed - the average otitis is likely.
• Against the backdrop of a cold there was a pronounced nasal voice, headaches in the forehead or face that intensified when leaning forward or lying down, the sense of smell completely disappeared - there are signs of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Many ask the question what antibiotics to drink with a cold, what antibiotic is better for a cold? If complications arise, the choice of antibiotic depends on:

• localization of complications
• age of the child or adult
• anamnesis of the patient
• drug tolerance
• and of course, resistance to antibiotics in the country where the disease occurred.

The appointment should be made only by the attending physician.

When antibiotics are not indicated for colds or uncomplicated ARVI

• Muco-purulent rhinitis (rhinitis), lasting less than 10-14 days
• Nasopharyngitis
• Viral conjunctivitis
• Viral tonsillitis
• Tracheitis, bronchitis (in some cases at high temperature and acute bronchitis antibacterial drugs are necessary)
• Attachment of herpetic infection (herpes on the lips)
• Laryngitis in children (treatment)

When it is possible to use antibiotics for uncomplicated cases

• At the expressed signs of the lowered immunity - constant subfebrile temperature, more than 5 r / year catarrhal and virus diseases, chronic fungal and inflammatory diseases, HIV, any cancer or congenital immunity disorders
• In a child under 6 months of age - rickets in infants (symptoms, treatment), various malformations, with a lack of weight
• Against the background of some blood diseases (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).

Indications for prescribing antibiotics are

• Bacterial angina (with simultaneous exclusion of diphtheria by taking swabs from the throat and nose) requires treatment with penicillins or macrolides.
• Purulent lymphadenitis requires broad-spectrum antibiotics, consultation of a surgeon, sometimes a hematologist.
• Laryngotracheitis or acute bronchitis or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or bronchoectatic disease will require macrolides (Macropen), in a number of cases, a chest X-ray to exclude pneumonia.
• Acute otitis media - the choice between macrolides and cephalosporins is performed by an ENT doctor after otoscopy.
• Pneumonia (see p. the first signs of pneumonia, treatment of pneumonia in a child) - treatment with semisynthetic penicillins after radiologic confirmation of the diagnosis with mandatory control of the effectiveness of the drug and X-ray control.
• Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, etmoiditis) - the diagnosis is established by X-ray and characteristic clinical signs. Treatment is conducted by an otolaryngologist (see p. signs of sinusitis in adults).

Here is an example of a study conducted on the basis of data from a single pediatric clinic, when analyzing medical history data and outpatient cards 420 children 1-3 years old. In 89% of cases, children were registered with ORVI and ARI, 16% with acute bronchitis, 3% with otitis and only 1% with pneumonia and other infections.

And in80% of casesOnly with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with acute respiratory illness and Orvi antibiotics were prescribed, with pneumonia and bronchitis in 100% of cases. Most doctors theoretically know about the inadmissibility of using antibacterial drugs for a cold or a viral infection, but for a number of reasons:

• administrative settings
• early age of children
• preventive measures to reduce complications
• reluctance to go for assets

they are still prescribed, sometimes in short 5-day courses and with a decrease in dose, which is highly undesirable. Also, the spectrum of pathogens in children was not considered. In 85-90% of cases it is viruses, and among bacterial agents it is 40% pneumococcus, in 15% hemophilic rod, 10% fungi and staphylococcus, less often atypical pathogens - chlamydia and mycoplasma.

With the development of complications against the background of the virus, only according to the doctor's prescription, according to the severity of the disease, the age, the patient's anamnesis, such antibiotics are prescribed:

• Penicillin series - in the absence of allergic reactions to penicillins, semi-synthetic penicillins can be used (Flemoxin solutab, Amoxicillin). In severe resistant infections among penicillin preparations, doctors prefer "protected penicillins »(amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), Amoxiclav, Ecoclave, Augmentin, Flemoclav Solutab. This is the first-line drugs in angina.
• Cephalosporin series - Cefixim (Suprax, Pansef, Iksim Lupine), Cefuroxime aksetil (Zinacef, Supero, Aksetin, Zinnat), etc.
• Macrolides - are usually prescribed for chlamydial, mycoplasmal pneumonia or infections of the ENT organs - Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zetamaks, Zitrolid, Hemomycin, Z-factor, Azitrox), Macropen - a drug of choice in bronchitis.
• Fluoroquinolones - are prescribed in cases of intolerance to other antibiotics, as well as the resistance of bacteria to penicillin preparations of the series - Levofloxacin (Tavanic, Floracid, Hailefleks, Glevo, Flexi), Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Plevilox, Mossimac). The fluoroquinolones are completely banned for use in children, since the skeleton is not yet formed, and also because they are drugs "reserve", which can be useful to a person when he grows up, in the treatment of infections with drug resistance.

In general, the problem of choosing an antibiotic for today is a task for the doctor, which he must decide in such a way as to maximally help the patient in the present and not harm in the future. The problem is complicated by the fact that in the pursuit of today's profits, the pharmacampany absolutely does not take into account the seriousness of the increasing resistance of pathogens diseases to antibiotics and throw out in a wide network those antibacterial novelties that could be for the time being in reserve.

If your doctor has prescribed an antibacterial drug, you should read 11 rules. How to drink antibiotics correctly.

Main conclusions:

• Antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections, and the common cold in 80-90% has a viral origin, therefore their reception is not only senseless, but also harmful.
• Antibiotics have serious side effects, such as inhibition of liver and kidney function, allergic reactions, they reduce immunity, cause imbalance of intestinal microflora and mucous membranes in the body.
• The use of antibiotics as a prophylaxis for complications of viral-bacterial infections is unacceptable. The task of the child's parents in time to consult a doctor, and the therapist or pediatrician in time to detect a possible deterioration state of health of the child or adult and only in this case to take "heavy artillery" in the form of antibiotics.
• The main criterion for the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is a decrease in body temperature to 37-38 ° C, relief of the general condition, in the absence of this antibiotic should be replaced by another. The effectiveness of the antibiotic is estimated within 72 hours and only after this the preparation changes.
• Frequent and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance of microorganisms, and each time a person will more aggressive drugs are required, often simultaneous use of 2 or more antibacterial agents.

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What antibiotics for colds are effective for adults, the child: the list and the names

Antibiotics for colds are prescribed by a doctor in the case when the human body can not independently cope with the infection.

Usually dangerous signals of attack by malignant bacteria is the body temperature rise to a mark more than 38 ° C, as well as a runny nose, reddened throat and other symptoms, often accompanying a cold: inflammation of the mucous eyes, choking in the throat, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache, etc. Antibacterial drugs will help cope with bacteria, but appoint their reception should be exclusively a medical specialist, because uncontrolled self-medication with antibiotics can adversely affect human health.

Treatment of colds with antibiotics

Antibiotics for colds are necessary in extreme cases, when immunity does not cope with the pathogens that attacked the human body. Many of us, at the first symptoms of a cold, are wondering what antibiotic to take, perceiving it as a miracle cure for all diseases. However, this is a profound misconception, since antiviral drugs are indicated for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory diseases, and only in the case when the patient's condition worsened and the bacterial infection "connected", the correctly selected antibiotic will help. Thus, it is unacceptable to drink an antibiotic at the first sign of a cold!

Treatment of a cold with antibiotics should be rational, and for this, consultation of an experienced physician is required, which will determine the degree the severity of the patient's condition and prescribe the antibacterial drug that will be most effective in a particular case.

Colds (ARVI) can be considered a rather insidious disease, which manifests itself regardless of age, state of human health, as well as weather conditions. Acute respiratory disease is one of the most common diseases worldwide and without complications lasts an average of a week. Usually adults suffer from a cold on average two or three times a year. To date, physicians have more than two hundred viruses that cause inflammation of the respiratory system. It should be noted that the common cold refers to infectious diseases - it can be transmitted by airborne droplets and often affects bronchi, trachea, lungs. The viral infection lives longer in mucus than in air or a dry place. In order to start treatment on time, one should objectively assess the patient's condition. The main symptoms of a cold are:

• inflammation of the lymph nodes, which manifests itself in the form of seals on the back of the neck, behind the ears, under the lower jaw, when pressed, the patient has painful sensations;
• abundant discharge of mucus from the nose (runny nose), stuffy nose, and unusual dryness of its mucosa;
• sore throat, dry cough, hoarse voice;
• redness of the eyes and lacrimation;
• increase in body temperature from 37 to 38.5 ° C;
• indigestion, nausea and vomiting (with rotavirus damage to the body).

The cold never runs asymptomatically, therefore at the first signs of its development it is necessary to consult a doctor to prevent possible complications in time.

For the treatment of a cold, an accurate diagnosis is needed, which will allow you to choose the optimal medicine, i.e. antibiotic. Each group of antibacterial drugs is designed to treat a particular type of bacteria, so an antibiotic is prescribed depending on the lesion. For example, with inflammation of the respiratory tract, it is necessary to choose a drug that effectively fights bacteria that cause inflammatory processes in the respiratory organs: for example, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin (ie, antibiotics of the penicillin group). With various respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, it is necessary to take into account that they are caused by bacteria, most of which are very resistant to penicillin. For this reason, it is best to use Levofloxacin or Avelox to treat this disease. Antibiotics group cephalosporins (Supraks, Zinnat, Zinatsef) will help cure bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and macrolides (Sumamed, Hemomycin) will cope with atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma.

Treatment for a cold with antibiotics should depend on the category of the disease. In ARVI, first of all, it is necessary to use antiviral drugs, t. they purposefully influence the immunity, strengthening it and helping to cope with the virus attack. Antibiotics with this diagnosis are useless, and this is contraindicated by doctors. The earlier treatment of acute respiratory viral infection with an effective antiviral drug began, the more likely it is to finish it. However, if the cold is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics should not be neglected. In this case, it is very important to pay attention in time to the condition of your own organism and to find out the exact cause of the onset of the cold in order to choose the most optimal antibacterial drug. After all, antibiotics should be treated very seriously, because they can not only help, but also harm in case of wrong choice. So, it is necessary to clearly define the limits that determine when antibiotics can be prescribed, and in which cases it is impossible. In our time, indications for antibiotic therapy are:

• purulent tonsillitis (sore throat);
• laryngotracheitis;
• purulent otitis (inflammation of the middle ear);
• suppurative sinusitis (purulent frontitis or sinusitis);
• purulent lymphadenitis;
• pneumonia, pneumonia.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds

Antibiotics for colds, as effective drugs that suppress the growth of pathogens, occur only in cases of complications caused by the development of bacterial infection in the body. Their use makes it possible to suppress the growth of not only pathogenic bacteria, but also certain fungi, thereby facilitating the life of a patient with a cold. One should remember the danger of self-treatment with antibacterial agents, especially when it comes to children and pregnant women. In such cases, it is necessary to take antibiotics as responsibly as possible, following only the recommendations and competent appointments of an experienced doctor.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds should be chosen in view of their effect on the fetus and only in those extreme cases that do require the use of these drugs. To select the most suitable antibiotic for the treatment of a pregnant woman, you should first determine the causative agent of the disease, as well as to reveal its sensitivity to one or another drug. If it is impossible to conduct such a study, antibiotics of a broad spectrum of action are usually prescribed. The antibiotics of the penicillin series (for example, Ampicillin, Oxacillin etc.), as well as cephalosporins (eg, Cefazolin) and some macrolides (Erythromycin and Azithromycin can be isolated from them). It is these drugs that doctors give preference to when prescribing treatment for pregnant women.

The dosage of an antibiotic for a pregnant woman is determined by a doctor, usually it does not differ from the dosage of the drug for the rest. A future mother should carefully follow the recommendations of the doctor and in no case should not reduce the dose of the medicine, tk. this can provoke the opposite effect: in such a situation, the antibiotic will not have such an effective action aimed at the destruction of microbes, and will not be able to completely suppress the bacterial infection.

Be sure to take into account the fact that antibiotics maximize their effectiveness only in the treatment of infectious diseases of bacterial origin. In other cases, they are not able to provide the desired action and can even harm the body. For example, antibacterial drugs will be powerless when:

• ARVI and influenza (in this case, the diseases are caused by viruses, for the destruction of which it is necessary to use antiviral drugs);
• inflammatory processes (antibiotics are not anti-inflammatory drugs);
• elevated temperature (do not confuse the effect of antibiotics with the action of antipyretic and analgesic drugs);
• coughing in pregnant women in those cases if it is caused by a viral infection, an allergic reaction, development of bronchial asthma, but not the action of microorganisms;
• intestinal disorders.

If we consider the impact of antibiotics on the fetus, then according to the results of numerous medical studies, we can conclude that these drugs do not provoke the development of any birth defects in the child and do not affect his genetic apparatus. But at the same time, some groups of antibacterial drugs have so-called. embryotoxic effect, i.e. can lead to a violation of the function of the kidneys of the fetus, the bookmark of the teeth, affect the auditory nerve, and cause a number of other adverse changes.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds have the most unfavorable effect on the fetus in the first trimester pregnancy, so if there is such an opportunity, treatment is recommended to be moved to the second trimester. However, if there is an urgent need for such treatment, the doctor should appoint a future mother antibiotics with the lowest degree of toxicity, as well as strictly monitor the condition of the pregnant woman.

What antibiotics to drink for a cold?

Antibiotics for colds should be used according to the doctor's recommendations in those cases when the patient's condition indicates the development of complications, such as tonsillitis, purulent sinusitis, pneumonia. However, first of all, with a cold, you need to use proven folk remedies and drink antiviral drugs, the action of which is directed at the destruction of a viral infection. Do not resort to antibiotics if the cause of the disease has not been established. It is necessary to weigh all the factors "for" and "against" the intake of antibacterial drugs, taking into account their side effects and possible complications.

What antibiotics to drink with a cold, only the doctor knows, who will determine the degree and type of complications caused by a cold, and then prescribe the antibiotic of the corresponding group:

• Penicillins (Augmentin, Ampicillin, etc.) have a pronounced bactericidal effect and are effective in the treatment of infections bacterial character and severe forms of ENT diseases (angina, purulent otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, etc.). The action of these antibacterial drugs is aimed at destroying the walls of bacteria, which causes their death. A positive feature of penicillins is their low level of toxicity, so they have found wide application in pediatrics.
• Cephalosporins have an active bactericidal action aimed at destroying the bacterial cell membrane. Usually antibiotics of this group are prescribed for the treatment of pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia and are injected (intravenously or intramuscularly), only cephalexins are taken orally. They cause less allergic reactions than penicillins, but in rare cases, there are allergic manifestations, as well as disruption of the kidneys.
• Macrolides (azalides and ketolides) have an active bacteriostatic effect and are effective in treating atypical pneumonia. The first macrolide was Erythromycin, which was used by patients with an allergic reaction to penicillins.
• Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, etc.) are used to kill gram-negative bacteria (mycoplasma, pneumococcus, chlamydia, E. coli). Quickly penetrating the cells, they hit the microbes that are there. Today they are the most nontoxic antibacterial drugs that do not cause allergies and are safe to use.

To find out what antibiotics to drink in case of a cold in this or that case, you should consult a medical specialist. For example, for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases in our time often prescribed drug Flemoxin Solutab, containing amoxicillin. With bronchitis, pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and otitis, pneumonia and a number of other infectious and inflammatory diseases, Suprax can be prescribed, the reception of which must be administered in accordance with the recommendations of the doctor, tk. In the case of uncontrolled treatment of the common cold, this drug may cause adverse reactions in the form of a violation of the intestinal microflora. This can lead to the development of severe diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis. An effective antimicrobial is Levomycetin, which is used for infectious diseases. Dosage of the drug and the duration of treatment, as in other cases, should be strictly established by the attending physician.

A good antibiotic for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used in the event that after taking antiviral drugs in the early days of the disease did not occur any improvement, and especially when the patient's condition worsened: this means that, in addition to viruses, the organism was also attacked by bacteria. Such medications are good "helpers" in ridding the human body of toxins and all sorts of pathogenic microbes, However, the choice of antibiotic in this or that case remains with the doctor, tk. must correspond to the indications and the course of a particular disease. The fact is that an insufficiently strong antibacterial drug may not cope fully with complications, caused by a cold or flu, and the antibiotic "powerful" action can damage the immune system of the body.

The beginning of the use of antibiotics in medical practice dates back to 1928 and is associated with the name of the Englishman Fleming. It was he who discovered the substance "penicillin", capable of leading to the death of many microbes and bacteria, and thereby made a real revolution in medicine, because since then, many previously fatal diseases became curable: scarlet fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and the like. During the Second World War, thanks to antibiotics, doctors managed to save the lives of millions of wounded people. To this day, these faithful "helpers" help doctors fight for the health of many patients.

A good antibiotic for colds is a drug that is chosen to take into account the type and course of the disease. Treatment with antibiotics should be done carefully, after consulting with a doctor who will choose the optimal drug from the four main classes antibiotics of different action, which have proved to be effective agents in the treatment of various complications caused by bacterial infections. These classes include: penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, etc.); macrolides (Azithromycin and others): fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, etc.); cephalosporins (Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Suprax, etc.).

Before you start taking any medications, it is advisable to try to cope with a mild cold, using methods and recipes of traditional medicine. For example, make inhalations, foot baths, put a compress or mustard plasters. It is necessary to increase the volume of consumed liquid, and also to expand the diet with natural vitamins, i.e. fresh fruits and vegetables. At the first signs of worsening with a cold, you should immediately go to the hospital to prevent the development of complications. In the case when a bacterial infection attacks the body, it becomes necessary to urgently "connect" the antibiotic, because in this situation, in a literal sense, it is about saving a patient's life. The patient should understand that only the attending physician can prescribe an antibacterial drug, and at the same time it is necessary to strictly observe the indicated dosage, as well as the intervals of admission. Self-medication can lead to exposure to human health of significant danger.

Antibiotics for colds can have a number of negative consequences, especially when self-medication is chosen incorrectly. Among such side effects, allergy, GI disorders, dysbacteriosis, and depression of the immune system are most common.

It should also be remembered that it is not recommended to take an antibiotic for more than 5 consecutive days, but a reduction in the period of treatment with antibiotics may lead to the fact that the infection will not be eliminated from the body, and this, in turn, will cause complications in the form of failures in the heart and kidneys. If after three days the patient does not feel relief of his condition, it is necessary to ask the doctor about changing the drug to another, more effective. It should also be cautious about combining other drugs with antibiotics, in such cases it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the doctor. In no case should you take an antibiotic, the expiration date of which has expired!

A good antibiotic for colds must give positive results within three days: the patient will feel better, he will have an appetite, and unpleasant symptoms will disappear.

When treating antibiotics, it is important to take care of reducing their negative effects on the body. To this end, the doctor should assign the probiotics to the patient - drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora and thereby prevent the development of dysbiosis, strengthen immunity, favorably affect the work of internal organs, reducing the possibility of side effects and complications.

Antibiotics for colds for children

Antibiotics for colds should be given with extreme caution to children. Such treatment should be appointed by the attending physician, to which you need to seek advice immediately after the first signs of the disease - the occurrence of a cold in the child, cough, fever. Usually, the temperature above 38.5 ° C indicates that the immunity of the child tries to get rid of the virus by itself, in this case the doctor prescribes antipyretic agents. If, after 3-5 days, the baby's health does not improve, and the temperature is still high, it is recommended to start taking the corresponding antibiotic, but only strictly according to the pediatrician and with confirmation of the bacterial nature of the disease.

Antibiotics for colds for children are a serious test for a growing organism, so they should not be used immediately after the onset of symptoms of the disease. If parents believe that taking a "powerful" antibiotic is the only effective method for treating ARVI or ARI is a deep delusion! The effect of antibacterial drugs on the children's body without a special reason can be very negative, and sometimes even devastating. Not to mention the use of antibiotics to treat babies, which in itself is blasphemous. Colds should be treated with antiviral drugs, the result of which usually appears not immediately, but after a 3-5-day period. However, the febrile process in children, which is most often caused by infections of the respiratory tract of the viral type, can fluctuate within 3-7 days, and sometimes even more. It should not be mistaken to believe that antibiotics are an alternative to antitussive drugs, because cough for colds - it's protective the reaction of the child's organism, which usually takes place in the last place, after the disappearance of the remaining symptoms of the disease. The question of prescribing the treatment of a child with antibiotics is decided by an experienced pediatrician who will assess the condition of the baby and only in case of emergency will choose the optimal drug. Parents should carefully follow all the recommendations of the doctor, including about the method of taking and dosing an antibacterial drug. It is also important not to discontinue the treatment of the child before the due date.

Some antibiotics for colds for children are strictly prohibited. First and foremost, these drugs are so called. tetracycline group (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, etc.), which can disrupt the process of formation in the baby of tooth enamel, as well as antibacterial preparations of fluorinated quinolones, having in their names the ending "-floxacin" (for example, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin), which negatively affect the formation of articular cartilage in a child. In pediatrics, also taking Levomycetin, whose action is directed to the development of aplastic anemia (the process of oppression of hematopoiesis), and can lead to a fatal outcome.

Among antibacterial drugs used in pediatrics, you can note Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Levofloxacin, Flemoxin Solutab, Mossimak, Zinnat, Avelox, Amoxiclav, etc. The choice of a particular medicine depends entirely on the experience and professionalism of the child's doctor who should determine which antibiotic will be the best assistant and will benefit in treating complications after a cold in each case.

So, antibiotics for colds should be used to treat children only in cases of acute need. This will not lead to the desired recovery, but only exacerbate the situation, because the effect of an antibacterial drug can become destructive to the immunity of the baby, which will increase the risk of infection return.

Names of antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be selected especially carefully, without resorting to self-medication, and after consulting a doctor who will determine the degree of complications and appoint the most effective remedy. In addition, when taking antibiotics should follow these recommendations:

• in the treatment should be used only one, the most effective drug from a certain group;
• if after the first reception of the antibiotic after two days the patient's condition has not improved and the temperature has not decreased, there may be a need to change the drug;
• It is impossible to combine the antibiotic with antipyretic drugs, because they "lubricate" its effect;
• the period of antibiotic treatment should be at least 5 days, or even more. It is this length of treatment that allows the drug to fully cope with the causative agent of the infection;
• In severe cold and complications, the patient should immediately be hospitalized, and antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

The names of antibiotics for colds (at least a few of them) are useful to everyone, because, in this way, a person will have at least some idea of ​​the drug that the doctor will appoint. Antibiotics have traditionally been divided into several classes:

• penicillins,
• macrolides,
• fluoroquinolones,
• cephalosporins.

The penicillin class includes such names of antibiotics as Ampicillinum, Augmentin, Amoxicillinum, Amoxiclav, and others.

The most common names for the class of macrolides are Erythromycin, Azithromycin, etc. (such drugs are considered to be the most potent in the treatment of bacterial infection). The antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone class include levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and to the class of cephalosporins - Aksetil, Cefixim (Supraks), Cefuroxime axetil and others.

The main goal in the treatment of various infectious complications caused by the common cold is to provide the body with an effective assistance, aimed at the fastest disposal of pathogens and toxic substances. For treatment to give a quick positive result, you need to make the right choice of antibiotic, and this can only be done by an experienced doctor.

It should be remembered that antibiotics for colds are not so harmless as it may seem, they can cause a number of side effects, especially if they are not used in those cases. For example, many do not understand or simply do not know that only an antiviral drug can cope with a viral infection of the respiratory tract, and begin to use antibiotics immediately when cold symptoms such as a runny nose, cough, fever occur. This is a great misconception, because improper intake of antibiotics can cause great harm to the already weakened immunity of a person. Such drugs are needed only to treat bacterial infections, the development of which can be caused by complications of the common cold. Usually, antibiotics are prescribed if, after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, the patient does not experience an improvement in condition or, on the contrary, it becomes worse.

Amoxiclav for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used purposefully, depending on the condition of the patient and the features of the course of the disease. Among the common drugs used in modern medicine, a separate place is occupied by an effective antibacterial drug Amoxiclav. It has established itself as a reliable tool for treating various complications caused by colds and other unfavorable factors, in particular, such as the occurrence of infections after surgical operations.

Amoksiklav for colds is successfully used in modern medicine to treat so-called. "Mixed" infections, as well as to prevent possible infection of the patient during surgical intervention. A mixed type of infection is most often caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as by anaerobes (including strains), manifesting as chronic forms of otitis, sinusitis and osteomyelitis, cholecystitis, odontogenic infections, aspiration pneumonia, various infections of the abdominal cavity, and the like.

Amoksiklav - a combination of two substances: aminopenicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which has a pronounced bactericidal effect. A detailed medical study of the microbiological properties of this preparation gives grounds to state that Amoxiclav due to the combination of the above-mentioned active substances is oppressive acts on the synthesis of bacterial walls and has a stable antibacterial effect on a host of pathogenic microorganisms: Neisseria spp., Streptococcus spp. (different groups), Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter spp., Haemophilus influenzae and many others. other

Pharmacokinetic properties of Amoxiclav indicate its pronounced advantages in comparison with other penicillins. So, after taking the drug, rapid absorption of components from the digestive tract, regardless of food intake, is observed. The maximum level of drug concentration is reached approximately 45 minutes after admission. The main way to remove the drug from the body is its release together with urine, calves, and exhaled air.

Amoxiclav for colds, due to the pronounced antimicrobial activity and unique pharmacokinetic properties, It is used for the treatment of a number of infectious diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes:

• infections of the respiratory system (in particular, acute and chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, zagrug abscess, pneumonia, etc.);
• otitis (both acute and chronic);
• infections of the skin, joints, soft tissues and bones;
• infections of the genitourinary system;
• various kinds of gynecological infections.

As for the side effects that occur when taking Amoxiclav, the drug is generally tolerated by patients normally, without any adverse reactions from the body. As a percentage, only 8-14% of the total number of patients had side effects in the form of abnormal gastrointestinal function (diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting). To avoid such side effects, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of the drug and take it during meals.

Antibiotics for colds are invaluable when there is an urgent need to resist the development of pathogenic microbes and bacterial infections. However, summing up, it is necessary to note again that the reception of antibiotics must be coordinated with a competent medical specialist. This is the only way to achieve high results in the treatment of post-cold complications and to minimize the risk of negative effects of antibacterial agents on human immunity.

ilive.com.ua

Antibiotics for colds: what you need to know. What antibiotics can be prescribed for colds?

After the doctors started using various antibiotics, the medicine entered a new stage of development. These drugs have unique properties, destroy or slow down the development of dangerous microorganisms, which allows them to be widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Pharmacists are creating more and more medicines, and today it is very difficult to find a family in the medicine cabinet which would not have antibiotics. Some people, getting sick with the flu or ARI, manage to prescribe drugs themselves, causing irreparable harm to health. Can I take antibiotics for a cold? At what diseases it is better to refrain from their use?

Rules and patterns

You should know that antibiotics are not as harmless as it seems at first glance. These drugs can be prescribed only by a doctor, and they must be taken with great care. Especially when antibiotics are used for colds for children. When using any medications, you should carefully read the instructions and be sure to pay attention to the period of their validity.

If you are going to take antibiotics, you should know that they help only with bacterial infections. They will not bring any effect for influenza and ARVI, as these diseases occur in the body due to the vital activity of viruses. Against them antibiotics are powerless.

At high temperature or inflammatory processes, these drugs are also not prescribed. They are not antipyretic agents, so there will be no effect on their intake in case of high temperature.

Antibiotics for colds

Today, many drugs are advertised on TV, but this does not mean that during illness you can assign them yourself. With the question of what antibiotics to take with a cold, you need to go to the doctor, and not to the best friend or mother.

After a complete examination and obtaining the results of the tests, the specialist can prescribe the following drugs:

• macrolides ("Clarithromycin", "Azithromycin", "Roxithromycin");
• penicillins ("Augmentin", "Ampioks", "Amoxiclav");
• cephalosporins ("Cefiprom", "Cefotaxime", "Cefazolin").

Antibiotics for colds are prescribed according to the type of disease, its severity and other characteristics. When identifying side effects or allergic reactions, the drug can be replaced with another.

Some features of diseases

When a cold (or ARI) occurs, the body is attacked by viruses. There is stuffy nose, throat pershin and blushes, it overcomes the cold. During this period, immunity actively fights disease, there is a temperature and chills.

The best means for treatment at this time are not antibiotics. For flu and cold at the initial stage, antiviral drugs are used. The most common of these are Anaferon, Laferon, Reaferon, drops and candles. To medicines containing natural plant components, include "Proteflazid", "Immunoflazid."

When are antibiotics prescribed?

Usually within a week the patient's condition improves. If this did not happen, on the basis of the tests the doctor concludes that a bacterial infection has joined the disease. In this case, antibiotics for colds are prescribed.

This is very important, as the patient's condition can become complicated, and the flu or ARI acquires a dangerous form - it can be pneumonia, acute bronchitis or purulent angina. Only strong antibiotics help the body cope with the attack of bacteria.

In this case it is very important to choose the right drugs. What kind? Antibiotics for colds are appointed, based on bacteriological examination of the patient's sputum. The laboratory, after making an analysis, provides results on the resistance of bacteria to certain drugs.

Having determined the most suitable antibiotics, the doctor appoints them to the patient. If this medicine has an allergy or has side effects, another drug is prescribed. You should know that you can not abruptly cancel the antibiotic. For a cold, an adult person needs to use it for another two to three days. Even after a visible improvement in the general state of therapy, discontinuation is not recommended.

Antibiotics for colds for children

All parents should know that drugs of this category are prescribed to babies in extreme cases and only by an expert. Do not use drugs without consulting a doctor!

The best cold remedies for a child are plenty of drink, febrifuge (in the case of temperatures above 38 degrees) and antiviral syrups.

If the baby's condition does not improve, stronger medications are prescribed. A good antibiotic for colds is "Amoxiclav." It is used for bacterial infection in the respiratory tract. With pneumonia, the drug "Avelox" can be prescribed, with pleura - "Supraks", with fungal atypical pneumonia, "Hemomycin" helps. However, remember that the medicine can be prescribed only by the doctor after reviewing the results of the tests!

Strictly contraindicated for children!

Many antibiotics for colds can cause side effects in the child's fledgling body. This can be a decrease in appetite, unstable stool, abdominal pain, nausea, anxiety.

Therefore, there are a number of antibiotics that are not prescribed to children, their use can cause a terrible harm to the health of the child. These include:

• "Levomycetin";
• "Ceftriaxone";
• aminoglycosides and tetracyclines (contraindicated to children under 8 years old).

Uncontrolled use of these drugs can lead to liver damage, malfunctions in the nervous system, dysbiosis. Some drugs have an irreparable effect on the hearing and can even lead to complete deafness of the child. Cases of toxic shock, and even a lethal outcome, are not uncommon. Therefore, in any case, do not self-medicate and always seek help from a specialist.

Effective drugs with bronchitis

In ARI, you must observe bed rest, take a sufficient amount of warm liquid and try to do everything to make the disease recede. In the event of a deterioration in the general condition, an adult can be given appropriate potent drugs. The name of antibiotics for colds (in the case of bronchitis) will tell the doctor. Often appointed:

• "Macropen";
• "Lendacin";
• "Rovamycin";
• "Azithromycin".

Complication in the form of a sore throat

It is very bad if the patient's condition does not improve within four to six days. Even worse, if the disease takes a dangerous form in the form of purulent sore throat.

The name of antibiotics, if taken cold, in that case will be different. The following preparations are used:

• "Spiramycin";
• "Cefradine";
• "Oxacillin";
• Clarithromycin.

There are many more effective medicines that successfully kill bacteria in the human body. However, they are written out only by a doctor and are taken strictly on the recommendation.

In what cases are antibiotics necessary?

With a mild form of acute respiratory disease, laryngitis, rhinitis, viral tonsillitis, these drugs are not prescribed. Antibiotics for influenza and colds can be used only in extreme cases, if there are often repetitive diseases, prolonged temperature, as well as patients with oncological diseases or HIV infection.

Strongly active drugs are indicated if:

• Purulent complications of ARI;
• acute otitis media;
• sinusitis of severe form, flowing for more than 14 days;
• streptococcal angina;
• pneumonia.

How to take antibiotics?

For adults, medicines of this group are mainly produced in tablets or capsules, for children - in the form of syrup. The drug is taken internally. Antibiotics for colds should not be combined, preferring monotherapy (the use of a single drug).

Take the medicine in such a way that its maximum concentration falls on the focus of the infection. For example, with the disease of the upper respiratory tract, the antibiotic is administered in the form of aerosols or drops. So the components of the medicine instantly manifest their effect and quickly have an effect.

The effectiveness of the drug is judged by reducing the body temperature within 36-48 hours after its administration. If this does not happen, use another antibiotic. It is not recommended to combine the drug with antipyretics. In severe cases, immediate hospitalization is recommended.

Treatment Scheme

The dosage of the antibiotic depends on the causative agent of the disease, the form of the disease, its severity and the age of the patient. In the case of prescribing the child, its weight is taken into account. With antibiotic therapy of a newborn, the gestation period is taken into account: for a child born on time, and a premature baby, the doses of the drug will be different.

The regimen is strictly observed throughout the course of treatment. Usually, the drug is recommended to take at least 5-10 days. Continue treatment more than the due date is strictly prohibited, as well as self-abolish the drug.

A good antibiotic for colds is able to cope with bacteria in a few days. However, it should be remembered that when combined therapy is not prescribed drugs with a similar composition and action. This can lead to toxic damage to the liver.

Possible side effects

The discharged antibiotic for a cold to an adult person will certainly hurt less than a child. However, this potent drug can cause a number of side effects, such as rash, nausea, vomiting, headaches and other unpleasant symptoms.

If the antibiotic used uncontrolled, it can cause such reactions of the body:

• allergic rashes;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• resistance of bacteria to a certain type of drugs.

Most often, allergic manifestations occur after taking antibiotics of the penicillin group. If there is a rash or other unpleasant sensations after taking the medicine, it is better to interrupt his reception and see a doctor.

Interaction with other drugs

Combine several medications is undesirable, especially if one of them is an antibiotic. If you are taking any medicine, be sure to tell your doctor. He will choose the best treatment option. But in any case, the antibiotic is taken at a different time and preferably without combining it with other medicines.

Special instructions should be given to women taking hormonal contraceptives. When interacting with certain antibiotics, their effect decreases, which can lead to unwanted pregnancy.

Also, any medications are not recommended for use during lactation. Antibiotics are able to penetrate into the mother's milk and have a negative impact on the baby, causing dysbiosis or allergic rashes. Categorically, you should not take any medication while you are pregnant.

Be attentive!

Our body is populated with many useful bacteria that perform a number of necessary functions. Remember that during the antibiotic intake they are killed simultaneously with harmful microorganisms. Most potent drugs destroy the normal microflora of the intestine, stomach and other organs, provoking the appearance of the fungus. Therefore, very often after taking antibiotics, candidiasis can develop.

You should also think about if you are allergic reactions. Maybe it's because of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics? People who use these drugs for a long time are very likely to develop allergies to any stimulus: dust, smells, flowering plants, detergents.

The matter is that antibiotics weaken our immunity, not allowing it to cope independently with the infection that has arisen. Without natural stimulation, normal body protection deteriorates, and it reacts painfully to any stimulus.

Do not take long one kind of drug. Pathogenic microorganisms can quickly form a stable strain against this drug, and getting rid of them in the future will not be easy.

Now you know what antibiotics are, when it is advisable to use them. Free sale of these drugs in the pharmacy can not be a guide to action. Any medicines can be prescribed only by a specialist, and what antibiotic is better for a cold, your doctor will decide.

syl.ru

Should I take antibiotics for a cold?

Antibiotics for colds the doctor appoints the patient only in the case when the human body does not really manage to cope with the infection on its own. The most dangerous signals of infection of a viral infection is a rapid increase in the body temperature to a level of 38 degrees. When a person has a cold, the body temperature rises, the throat begins to blush and the perspiration is strongly affected. This can lead to dry cough, shortness of breath, severe headache. The purpose of antibiotics in this case is direct control of bacteria and infections.

Treatment of colds with antibiotics

A person urgently needs to start antibiotics for a cold if his immunity is not able to cope with bacteria on his own, which gradually attack the body. Most of us, at the first symptom of a cold, begin to search the Internet for information about which antibiotics they should take, so that the cold has gone magically. But, it is not necessary to resort to the strongest medicines on the very first day. The organism needs to be given a day or two in order for it to recover and begin to fight infection. If he does not succeed, then in this case you can connect antibiotics. So, the first question has been answered. Antibiotics for colds take in the first 2 days is not recommended.

If your condition does not improve, then you need to see a doctor so that he can diagnose the severity of the patient and as a result, he appointed the most appropriate and appropriate treatment that would be effective in this specific pathological case.

The main symptoms of colds

Catarrhal diseases, namely ARVI - this is quite an insidious disease that affects the human body outside depending on age, state of health, time, etc. Colds or SARS on average lasts up to 7 days. At the end of these 7 days, the person's well-being should improve significantly. On average, if you turn to medical statistics, a cold worries a person about 3 times a year. "Catch up" colds by airborne droplets. In this case, the virus affects the bronchi, trachea, lungs. For a long time, a viral infection can live in the mucus of the upper respiratory tract.

The main pathological symptoms of a cold are such signs:

• The inflammatory process of the lymph nodes, which are aching, are condensed. If you press on the lymph nodes behind the neck, on the back of the head, behind the ears, and under the lower jaw, they begin to ache;
• Abundant discharge of mucus from the nose is a runny nose. Desiccation of mucous membranes;
• Severe sore throat, redness of upper respiratory tract;
• The hushed voice of a man;
• Redness of the eyes and the beginning of lacrimation;
• Increase body temperature to 39-40 degrees Celsius;
• Severe indigestion, manifested as nausea and vomiting. As a rule, this condition is typical when the organism is damaged by rotavirus.

No catarrhal disease in a person is asymptomatic. That's why any experienced therapist will be able to determine whether you suffer from a cold or some other pathological disease. Depending on the complexity of the pathology and immunity of the patient, the doctor will prescribe the same or another antibiotic. For example, if the inflammatory process began in the upper respiratory tract, then in this case, prescribe antibiotics such as Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin. Still these antibiotics carry to a penicillin group.

With pneumonia, antibiotics of the penicillin group will not work. On the bacteria that caused this pathological condition, it is necessary to use antibiotics in the form of Levofloxacin and Avelox.

If the patient is diagnosed with bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, then use macrolides in the form of Sumamed and Chemomycin.

Indications for use of antibiotics

Antibiotics for colds should be taken only if the diagnosis is reliably known. This can be explained by the fact that there is not a single antibiotic that would be absolutely suitable for all pathological conditions. The use of antibiotics must be taken seriously enough, as they can not only help cure this or that disease, but also cause a number of side effects. If the wrong selection of antibiotics is carried out, then in this case it can harm a person.

Indications for the use of antibiotic therapy are:

• Purulent tonsillitis or simple sore throat;
• Inflammatory process of the middle ear or purulent otitis media;
• Lymphadenitis;
• Pneumonia;
• Pneumonia.

Antibiotics for colds

So, antibiotics for colds are recommended only when the clinical condition of the patient the person threatens with occurrence of serious complications in the form of an angina, a genyantritis, an inflammation of lungs.

The first thing you need to do for a cold is to start taking decades-proven folk remedies in the form of hot tea with lemon and honey, a rose hip, vitamin C. Do not prescribe antibiotics yourself if you do not know the true cause of the pathology. Be sure to consider all side effects from those antibiotics that you started taking.

Briefly, antibiotics in the form of Augmentin and Ampicillin are used to treat angina, purulent otitis, sinusitis and pneumonia. With atypical pneumonia, Erythromycin will help. In order to destroy mycoplasmas, pneumococci, chlamydia, as well as Escherichia coli, Levofloxacin is used.

To treat infectious processes, the patient is prescribed Flemoxin or Solutab. It is not recommended to use the antibiotic Suprax, since after it may occur adverse reactions in the form of a strong bowel disorder.

medportal.su

What are the antibiotics for adults and children?

Any adult knows that a banal cold is not an excuse to immediately start taking antibiotics. Such drugs, of course, have an excellent impact on pathogens, and it becomes easier for a person already the next day, but they can do a lot of harm. If the disease is at an early stage, it can easily be overcome with abundant drinking, antiviral drugs and bed rest. But in some cases, antibiotics can not be avoided.

Analyzes will help to make the correct diagnosis

Before the doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy for ARVI treatment, a number of tests will be performed. This is the only way to make sure that complications have not joined the common cold. If a cough is present, sputum culture will be performed. In addition, general blood and urine tests will be administered. To determine whether antibiotics are needed for ARVI, a smear from the nose and throat will help. If there is a purulent infection, it can be recognized immediately. A serious reason for the appointment of antibiotic therapy is the identification of a stick of Lefler (causative agent of diphtheria).

To more accurately make a diagnosis, a doctor can offer a patient to undergo a test in a hospital. Here you can conduct all the necessary laboratory tests and observe the patient's condition. A clinical blood test will be performed several times. The doctor should pay attention to whether the ESR increases, whether the total number of leukocytes increases.

Pay attention to health

The attachment of a bacterial infection can be determined by the general state of the body. As a rule, the body temperature rises sharply. If the cold is complicated by pneumonia, the patient will have shortness of breath and suffer severe coughing attacks. In this case, ARVI is treated with antibiotics without fail.

It is worth paying attention to the color of discharge from the nose and throat. If the mucus acquires a dark or green hue, it is more likely that complications have occurred. With a bacterial infection of the urogenital system, the urine acquires a brown color, a sediment appears in it, which can easily be seen with the naked eye. In the feces you can see blood or pus.

It often happens that after the onset of acute respiratory infections passes several days already, and treatment with antiviral drugs does not yield any results. In addition, additional unpleasant symptoms may appear, such as headaches, nausea, sleep disturbances. This may indicate the development of the inflammatory process in the lungs and bronchi. Additionally, tonsils can appear purulent on the tonsils, pain in the throat increases.

In case of complications, the doctor should decide which antibiotic to take in ARVI. The patient's age, history, susceptibility to allergic reactions, localization of complications, etc. are taken into account. Take antibacterial drugs without agreement with the therapist is not recommended.

When is it possible to do without antibiotics?

Even if the laboratory analysis showed the presence of a bacterial infection, antibiotics for ARVI are not always accepted. Do not prescribe medicines for mucopurulent rhinitis, which lasts less than two weeks. Antibiotic therapy begins only when antiviral treatment does not give a positive result. In addition, antibiotics are not prescribed for tracheitis, viral tonsillitis, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis. Antibacterial agents are also not suitable for the treatment of herpesvirus infection, which can occur during the period of acute respiratory viral infection.

There are also cases where the use of antibiotics is necessary for the first symptoms of a cold. When expressed signs of reduced immunity drugs are used simply for prevention. This is due to the fact that a weakened organism with a high likelihood of joining a bacterial infection. Antibiotics for ARVI for children are prescribed in case of a large lack of weight or in the presence of any physical abnormalities.

Indications for prescribing antibiotics

Antibiotics for ARVI in adults and children are prescribed primarily when the first symptoms of angina or pneumonia appear. A doctor can be prescribed drugs from a group of penicillins or macrolides. With purulent lymphadenitis, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed. If such complications occur, there is a need for additional consultation of the hematologist and surgeon.

With ARVI, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses can develop. Sinusitis is a serious cause for concern. If a mild discharge of yellow color and pain in the region of the nose appear in the common cold, it makes sense to consult LOR. An accurate diagnosis will help to place an X-ray study. Antibiotics for ARVI for children and adults in the case of sinusitis develops an otolaryngologist.

In some cases, antibiotic therapy is prescribed for prophylactic purposes. Patients who have recently undergone surgical intervention perform ARVI treatment with antibiotics. In this case, a broad-spectrum drug can be prescribed. Apply it will have at least five days. Thus, the doctor tries to protect the patient from the development of any complications against the background of a decrease in immunity.

What antibiotics can be prescribed?

Depending on the form of complications, the general condition of the patient and his age, the doctor selects an antibacterial drug. Antibiotics of the penicillin series can be prescribed only to those patients who do not have a tendency to allergic reactions. With angina, such medications as "Ecoclave", "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin" can be prescribed. These are medicines that are commonly called "protected penicillins." They have a milder effect on the human body.

When infections of the respiratory system most often appointed macrolides. "Macropen", "Zetamaks" - antibiotics for adults with ARVI, if bronchitis begins. With diseases of the ENT organs, drugs "Sumamed", "Chemomycin", "Azitrox" can be prescribed.

If there is resistance to penicillin group drugs, antibiotics from a number of fluoroquinolones are prescribed. This is "Levofloxacin" or "Moxifloxacin". Fluoroquinolones are prohibited antibiotics for ARVI for children. The skeleton in children is not yet sufficiently formed, so unpredictable side reactions may occur. In addition, fluoroquinolones are referred to reserve drugs that may be needed in an adult. The sooner they start taking, the sooner the addiction will develop.

The doctor must choose the best antibiotic for ARVI, based on the characteristics of the patient's body and the form of complications. The specialist should do everything to help the patient to overcome the disease to the maximum, avoiding any side reactions. The problem is complicated by the fact that every year the pathogens become more resistant to antibacterial drugs of a wide spectrum of action.

How correctly to take antibiotics?

Use antibiotics for ARVI is necessary only when it is impossible to do without them. Coryza and cough in mild form is perfectly treated with antiviral drugs. Additional therapy is performed when complications begin, and a bacterial infection joins the symptoms of a cold. If the heat lasts more than three days, there are purulent discharge, the general condition of the patient worsens, and antibiotics are prescribed.

All information on the intake of antibiotics should preferably be recorded in a special notebook. At pathogenic microorganisms immunity to antibacterial preparations can be developed. Therefore, treatment can not start with potent drugs. In case of complications, the doctor will definitely ask what antibiotics were taken earlier in ARVI. The same drug can not give an equally good result in the treatment of different patients.

To select suitable antibiotics for ARVI, it is worthwhile to conduct bacterial culture. Thus it will be possible to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to a certain group of antibacterial drugs. The problem can be only that the laboratory analysis can last from two to seven days. During this time, the patient's condition may worsen.

Antibiotics for influenza and ARVI should be taken strictly according to the scheme. It is only one day to forget about the medicine, and again unpleasant symptoms of the disease will appear. Between the reception of tablets must pass a certain period of time. If the drug is taken twice a day, then it must be done strictly after 12 hours.

How many days are antibiotics used?

Regardless of what antibiotic in the ARVI will appoint a doctor, take them for at least five days. The very next day after the beginning of antibacterial therapy the patient will feel a significant relief of his condition. But the interruption of treatment is by no means impossible. The duration of taking antibacterial drugs is determined by the therapist.

There are antibiotics of prolonged action, which are prescribed in especially severe cases. The scheme of their reception is divided into several stages. The patient will have to drink pills for three days, then take a break for the same period of time. Reception of antibacterial drugs occurs in three sets.

Reception of probiotics

Any antibiotic works not only on pathogenic microorganisms, but also on those that benefit. During the treatment, the natural microflora of the intestine is disturbed. Therefore, in addition, it is worth taking medications that can restore the normal state of the body. Good drugs have such drugs as Bifiform, Lineks, Narine, Gastrofarm. It should not only take probiotics, but also consume more sour-milk products. Preparations are taken during a break between taking antibiotics.

During the treatment period, a special diet should be observed. It is worth eating more vegetables and fruits, giving up fatty and spicy food. Any antibiotic in ARVI in adults and children depress the liver. It is necessary to eat light foods that will not stress the organ. White bread is desirable to replace with black, and dried fruits will be an excellent alternative to sweets.

Antibacterials for adults

Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action. There are several generations of these funds. The most popular are the drugs "Asperer", "Tseporin", "Cephalexin". They can be prescribed for various diseases of the respiratory system. "Aspetil" is also suitable for children's use, provided that the patient has a weight over 25 kg.

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum drugs that are rapidly absorbed into soft tissues. The most popular are "Levofloxacin" and "Moxifloxacin". These antibacterial drugs are contraindicated in children, women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as people suffering from epilepsy. There are also cases of serious allergic reactions to fluoroquinolones. The drugs are applied twice a day for 500 mg.

Macrolides are drugs that have a bacteriological effect. They can be prescribed for such complications of acute respiratory infections as bronchitis, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia. Macrolides include "Azithromycin" and "Erythromycin". It is difficult to answer the question, with ARVI, what is the best antibiotic. After all, the effect of taking macrolides can be seen only after 2-3 days. These drugs are allowed to be taken during pregnancy and lactation. The daily dosage of the drug can not exceed 1.5 g (divided into 5-6 receptions).

Penicillins are antibiotics that affect streptococci and staphylococci. The most common are such drugs as "Amoxiclav", "Amoxicillin". This group of antibacterial drugs is considered the least toxic. Possible use in children's therapy. The effectiveness of the reception can be seen in a few days. The general course of treatment should last no less than five days. In the most difficult cases, penicillins take 10-14 days.

What antibiotics are most often prescribed for children in ARVI?

With diseases of the upper respiratory tract, babies older than three months are often prescribed "Augmentin". This drug is offered in pharmacies in the form of a powder. It is turned into a suspension and given to the children 3 times a day. In rare cases, there may be an allergic reaction in the form of a rash. A positive result of the treatment can be seen already the day after the start of antibiotic therapy.

With such complications of acute respiratory infections, like otitis media, tonsillitis, cystitis, sinusitis, children can be assigned "Zinatsef". The drug is presented as a solution for injection. The dosage is determined by the age and weight of the child. The drug is diluted with water.

"Sumamed Forte" is another popular drug in pediatric therapy. The antibacterial agent has a wide spectrum of action and allows to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The drug Sumamed is contraindicated in children under 6 months of age. The preparation is presented in the form of a powder, which is diluted into a suspension. Dosage is calculated based on the weight of the child (10 mg per 1 kg of body weight). The drug is taken once a day.

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Antibiotics for children with colds: what adults need to know

The use of antibiotics for colds is one of the most controversial points in medical practice. Some doctors prescribe antibacterial drugs for the first symptoms of the disease. There are also specialists who recommend giving antibiotics to children at the very last. What exactly you can not do is do self-medication. The process of recovery should be strictly supervised by a qualified specialist.

What are they?

Many mothers without a doctor's consultation get antibiotics for children with a cold. At the same time they do not even imagine what kind of preparations they are. In fact, antibiotics are simple products of vital activity of various microorganisms. Most often derivatives are fungi. Special substances that are produced by microorganisms, contribute to the death of bacteria or stop their reproduction.

It should be remembered that not all bacteria are pathogenic. Almost all of these single-celled organisms are inhabited. Exceptions are only cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The weight of the total number of bacteria in the adult human body reaches several kilograms! Many unicellular animals are of great benefit. Without them, the organs could not function properly, and the immune system would be too vulnerable. Parents should remember that antibiotic treatment of children can be dangerous. The specialist should prescribe a comprehensive treatment aimed not only at a particular disease, but also on the restoration of a healthy microflora.

When antibiotics are powerless?

Antibiotics can be used only to treat diseases caused by bacteria. To remove virus infections with the help of such medications is inexpedient. The parents are mistaken, who immediately begin to give the child a good antibiotic for colds. Whatever the quality of the medicine, it can be useless.

A common runny nose, cough, sore throat often have a viral nature. Bacterial diseases with cold symptoms are rare. Therefore, children's antibiotics for colds are appointed in exceptional cases. Previously, the doctor must establish an accurate diagnosis.

Viruses that excite respiratory diseases in children are quite common. The immune system must produce antibodies. It is not accidental that in preschool age children get sick often enough. This is absolutely normal. Antibiotics also contribute to the suppression of immunity. If the baby does not have the necessary antibodies in childhood, he will often get sick at an older age.

Use of antibacterial agents

Ordinary colds in children last no more than two weeks. In this treatment is reduced only to the elimination of symptoms. The body struggles with the infection itself. It is no accident that pediatricians do not recommend that the temperature be lowered below 38.5 degrees. If the disease is prolonged, the doctor may prescribe an additional study to determine the cause. Determine that the common cold has a bacterial character, with the help of a conventional visual inspection is impossible.

Disease-causing bacteria are dangerous not only for the appearance of unpleasant cold symptoms. They can also contribute to the occurrence of complications. An untreated, properly bacterial infection threatens the appearance of rheumatism and heart problems. In this case, a good antibiotic for a cold should be appointed necessarily.

The most common childhood disease, which must necessarily be treated with an antibacterial drug, is purulent angina. The illness is characterized by severe pain in the throat, the appearance of a white coating on the glands and an increase in body temperature to 40 degrees.

Can there be side effects?

Any drug has a list of side effects. Not an exception are also antibacterial agents. In this case, it is rather difficult to answer the question, what antibiotics are better for colds. Negative effects will be minimized with strict adherence to the prescription of the doctor.

The main disadvantage is the fact that under the influence of drugs, not only are pathogenic bacteria, but also those who live quietly in the human body and contribute to its normal functioning. The microflora is broken, it means that the child may have unpleasant symptoms. These include fungal infections of the mucous membranes, a violation of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions in the form of rashes and redness. There may be other symptoms that will depend on the individual tolerability of the particular drug.

We comply with safety regulations

To antibiotics for children with colds do not have a harmful effect, you should know a few rules. In the first place, antibacterial drugs can not be used without prescribing a doctor. There is another side to the coin. If the drug is still prescribed, drink it should be strictly according to the scheme. The fact is that unpleasant symptoms may disappear already the next day after the start of taking antibiotics. But this does not mean that the child is healthy. Initially, only sensitive bacteria die. The course of antibiotic treatment usually lasts no less than five days.

Some medicines should not be taken with alcohol. Therefore, antibiotics for children with colds can not be prescribed in parallel with herbal tinctures on alcohol. The combination of such drugs can lead to the appearance of shortness of breath in a baby, rapid heartbeat, as well as dizziness.

Along with antibacterial treatment, the doctor must prescribe drugs that will maintain the normal microflora of the body.

What antibiotics are used to treat a child?

On the market today there is a huge amount of antibacterial agents in various forms. For infants, special preparations are made in the form of a suspension. In the most severe cases, injections are given that have a stronger effect. In addition, the classes are divided antibiotics for colds. The same means can have different names. Penicillin group includes such drugs as "Amoxiclav", "Augmetin", "Ampicillin". Means "Azithromycin" refers to macrolides, and medicines "Cefuroxime" and "Suprax" to cephalosporins.

Almost all antibiotics, produced by domestic manufacturers, can be used to treat bacterial diseases in children. Depending on the age, only the dosage differs. Antibiotics for children with colds are rarely offered in tablets.

What antibiotics are contraindicated for children?

In connection with the weakened immune system, all side effects from antibacterial drugs in babies are much more pronounced than in adults. Often there are such troubles as dysbacteriosis and fungal infections of the oral mucosa. In connection with this, some antibiotics may be contraindicated. The names of drugs that are dangerous for your baby should be checked with your doctor in advance.

For children under the age of three, the drug "Levomycetin" is categorically contraindicated. There is a huge risk of damage to the central nervous system. Cases of death are known. Not the best option is still some antibiotics for colds. The name of the agent "Ceftriaxone" should alert you. Cephalosporins of the third generation contribute to complete sterilization of the intestine. As a result, the normal microflora practically perishes, and the fungus comes to replace it. It is quite difficult to get rid of such an infection.

Several rules for the use of antibacterial agents

To ensure that the antibiotic has the maximum beneficial effect and does not harm the body, it should be used in accordance with the form of the disease. So, if the disease struck the upper respiratory tract, the ideal option would be drops and aerosols. Injectable drugs can be prescribed by a doctor in exceptional cases.

Ideally, only after a full study of the focus of the infection should be prescribed antibiotics. The doctor will tell you the names of the drugs after determining the sensitivity of the pathogen. To combat specific groups of pathogenic bacteria, various types of antibacterial agents are used.

Strictly prohibited the use of antibiotics, which have expired. For example, the delayed drug "Tetracycline" is able to cause the child a very complicated kidney damage. Buy funds are only in specialized pharmacies.

Recovery after antibiotic therapy

Reception of antibiotics can not pass without a trace for the child's body. In the best case, the microflora suffers. In the worst - the immune system weakens, and normal metabolism is disrupted.

To eliminate toxins and recover after ail helps proper nutrition. The child's diet should necessarily include a large number of vegetables and fruits, as well as sour-milk products. During the exacerbation of the disease, the child should be given more fluid. In parallel, biopreparations can be used to restore normal microflora. In this case, treatment should be strictly coordinated with the doctor.

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We recognize: broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics appeared about a hundred years ago. Now antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action have huge popularity - at cold such means are simply irreplaceable.

The modern world can not be imagined without antibiotics. They can be bought at any pharmacy and even without a prescription from a doctor. Antibiotics of a wide spectrum - the present "rod-zashchalochka" at any diseases as they start to struggle quickly with infection in an organism and operate in a complex.

Antibiotics for ARI in most cases - just a necessary thing. In certain course of the disease, the body can not fully cope with the infection, the disease can be prolonged and cause complications. It is at this time that the main defenders of the human being come to the rescue from bacteria and viruses - antibiotics.

Why do colds require the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

The answer is simple: the disease and its complications can cause dozens and even hundreds of different bacteria and viruses. They can be different: some cause a cough, others act on the mucous throat, others lead to otitis and bronchitis. Antibiotics of a wide spectrum act on an organism in a complex way and help to cope simultaneously with several pathogens.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in the case of:

• when there is no time to accurately determine the causative agent of the disease, and the disease progresses (especially in young children);
• if narrow-spectrum antibiotics are not able to cope with the infection;
• if the organism is attacked by several types of bacteria or secondary infection occurred against a background of low immunity;
• as a prophylaxis after surgery or taking strong drugs, undergoing radiation or chemotherapy.

In what cases does the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics are not the only cure for colds. Their use should be approved by a doctor. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is not necessary in the following cases:

• if the common cold does not progress, enough conventional treatment;
• if the patient does not have a significant temperature increase, and there is only rhinitis and a slight cough;
• with minor sore throats that do not cause a strong cough;
• if the sputum is clear or slightly cloudy when coughing;
• with mild forms of herpes, bronchitis, etc.

In such cases, the body is fully capable and will cope with the infection. Help him can various herbal decoctions, tablets and syrups without antibiotics, peace and warm drinking.But in some cases, the rejection of antibiotics can cause complications of the disease, delaying treatment and even death.Antibiotics of a wide spectrum for a cold are appointed:

• if in the body in the period of illness there are purulent foci;
• with angina;
• if the heat of the body lasts for several days, it is difficult to bring down the usual antipyretic;
• when acute otitis occurs;
• with influenza and pneumonia;
• with inflammation of the nasal sinuses;
• with a strong dry cough;
• with a wet cough, if the sputum gets yellow, green; in it there are clots of pus or blood.

From antibiotics, too, should not be discarded, if the blood test increases the ESR, increases the number of white blood cells, there is a protein in the urine. Antibiotics are necessary for small and weak children, and for people who have a weakened body and often suffer from cold diseases.

Antibiotics of a wide spectrum for catarrhal diseases

In modern pharmacology there is a huge amount of wide-spectrum antibiotics that are used to treat colds.

One of the first scientists to open antibiotics penicillin line. Despite the fact that now there are many new-generation drugs, penicillins steadily secured the first place in the treatment of ARI in adults. They are actively fighting the most famous and common infectious agents: streptococci, listeria and staphylococci. Most often, when the disease is prescribed amoxicillin. This antibiotic has been used for more than 40 years in the treatment of acute respiratory infections, ARVI and influenza. It has a complex effect on the respiratory system, the throat. Therefore, the drug is prescribed for the treatment of mild forms of bronchitis, tonsillitis and influenza. Also, amoxicillin is needed if the disease is complicated by a urinary tract infection.

If the infection continues to exist, the illness is delayed and complicated by a purulent abscess, sepsis, then ticarcillin and piperacillin can come to the rescue. These are stronger drugs. They can also affect bacteria and microbes that cause pneumonia and cold complications such as kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis), meningitis, and others.

To take antibiotics of a wide spectrum with caution is necessary for small children and pregnant women.

These categories of people are quite difficult to cope with the infection on their own, but at the same time, antibiotics cause them harm. Children and expectant mothers should never be self-medicated and use antibiotics at their own discretion. There are a number of light drugs that will help him cope with the infection.

Future mothers can safely take the following broad-spectrum antibiotics:

1. Ampicillin, Oxacillin (group of penicillins);
2. Cefazolin (group of cephalosporins);
3. Erythromycin (macrolide group).

With caution take any medications for pregnant women in early pregnancy, when laying the main organs of the child. Refusal to take antibiotics for a serious illness can threaten the transition of the infection to the fetus and even miscarriage.

Why not use antibiotics of a wide range

Many doctors are slow to resort to the action of antibiotics for colds, if their use is not justified. After all, in the name of the drugs it is laid down that they "kill life". With uncontrolled and excessive use of antibiotics, drugs begin to attack not only pathogenic bacteria and viruses, but also microorganisms that are necessary for a person to live normally.

Frequent use of antibiotics leads to dysbacteriosis. Along with pathogenic organisms, drugs destroy the microflora of certain internal organs. This does not lead to new diseases, but rather complicates life and reduces the working capacity of the body. Antibiotics can cause some gastric disorders, and after treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with antibiotics, most women have candidiasis or thrush. Therefore, doctors recommend during the treatment to use lactic acid products (yogurts and kefir) with a high content of beneficial bacteria.

Frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds can cause a sustained reaction to them of viruses and bacteria. Scientists have proved that bacteria and viruses can mutate even in the human body. With a long use of a certain antibiotic, they develop a kind of immunity to it.

Unfortunately, antibiotics not only protect the human body, but also destroy its immune system. Therefore, after the course of drugs, vitamins must be drunk and it is desirable to use natural immunomodulators more often (fruits, berries, vegetables and legumes).

The immune system protects the body not only from viruses and bacteria, but also from the action of common allergens. Scientists have found out that over the past 50 years, the number of allergies, especially children, has increased several dozen times. This is associated with frequent use of antibiotics and low performance of the human immune system.

It should be remembered that modern life without antibiotics is very dangerous, with the help of all the catarrhal diseases. But such medications are not a panacea, so use them with caution.

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