Hip dysplasia in adults: symptoms and treatment

Hip dysplasia in adults: treatment

Dysplasia in adults occurs infrequently

Dysplasia of the joints is diagnosed usually in infancy. In adults, this disease is rare. In this article, we will examine what are the symptoms and treatment of hip dysplasia in adults.

The main provoking factors

Dysplasia in adults develops against the background of:

• pathological development of the spine;
• trauma of the femur;
• pathological development of the spinal cord;
• trauma to the hip bone;
• hereditary predisposition to articular pathologies;
• underdevelopment of the articular cavity;
• weakness of the joint ligament apparatus;
• ill treatment of this disease in childhood.

How is the pathology manifested?

Symptoms may not appear immediately

Doctors distinguish the following symptoms of hip dysplasia in adults:

• asymmetrical arrangement of folds of the skin;
• incomplete leg removal;
• click during movement of the joint;
• difference in length of legs;
• feeling of swelling in the thigh;
• excessive femoral rotation;
• fatigue on walking;
• difficulty in movement.

Lameness can be either pronounced or almost invisible.

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Often the symptomatology appears when the disease progresses to 3-4 stages. Sometimes due to the increased elasticity of the ligament apparatus, a person can achieve excellent results in sports. There are no typical complaints.

Serious danger is a chronic hip dislocation. This leads to a worsening of the blood vessels. Against this background, inflammation develops. Its complication may be necrosis of bone or soft tissue.

How can I help?

Having found out specific symptoms, you need to seek medical help.

The doctor undertakes:

• to collect anamnesis;
• assess the clinical condition of the patient;
• X-ray examination;
• to conduct ultrasound.

If a specialist finds it difficult to diagnose, he directs the patient to an MRI or CT scan. These are very informative research methods. Their only drawback is the price. The cost of MRI varies from, to, thousand rubles. The cost of CT ranged from, to, thousand rubles.

Basic therapeutic methods

The doctor appoints the patient:

• massage;
• paraffin applications;
• lfk with dysplasia of the hip joints.

If complications develop, medications are prescribed. In the most difficult situations, the specialist resorts to prompt intervention.

Massage manipulation

Massage does not imply hard impact on the affected area

Depending on the brightness of the clinical picture, the patient can be appointed as a special therapeutic, and tonic restorative massage. It is performed using the technique of stroking and rubbing. Hard impacts are undesirable.

The average duration of the course is 10 days.

Paraffin Wraps

Dysplasia of the joints in adults is "afraid" of heat. Paraffin applications promote warming of joints and muscles. This procedure is performed before a massage or electrophoresis.

The table describes the main ways of applying applications.

Table 1. How to apply paraffin applications:

Method	How to apply
Melt all components on the steam bath, pour the composition into a deep container with a flat bottom, wait for the thickening. Carefully raise, apply to the affected area.
"Arming" with a broad brush, layer by layer, put a mass on the affected joint.
Melt in a deep container equal parts of paraffin and ozocerite. Fold in a few times clean gauze, soak in solution, attach to the affected area, slightly dry. The procedure is repeated 3-4 times. Every time you need to use a new piece of gauze.

Physiotherapy

Exercise for hip dysplasia in adults involves performing exercises for the muscles of the lower extremities and the abdominal press.

This contributes to the rapid restoration of the joint. The complex of exercises is developed individually. Simultaneously with exercise therapy, the patient may be shown aqua aerobics or swimming in the pool.

Medication Therapy

The patient is prescribed the use of:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• muscle relaxants;
• vascular drugs;
• steroid hormones with anti-inflammatory effect;
• chondroprotectors.

Prescribed medications help to correct symptoms in case of complications.

Application of NSAIDs

Are appointed or nominated for removal of an edema, cupping of inflammatory process and anesthesia of the amazed site. The table lists the main drugs of this group.

Table 2. Key NSAIDs:

A drug	Description
It has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
As the instruction says, this medicine reduces the number of prostaglandins in the inflammatory focus.
Promotes relief of pain, reduced morning stiffness and swelling of the joint. Also accompanies the increase in the volume of movements.
Reduces pain, stops inflammation.

The use of muscle relaxants

Are appointed or nominated with the purpose of a cupping of muscular spasms. Improve blood circulation. The best medicines of this group are Mydocalm and Sirdalud.

Drugs can cause side effects. Therefore, they are appointed with caution.

Application of hormones

These drugs are injected into the patient's muscle or joint. Essential medicines are listed on the plate.

Table 3. The best hormonal drugs:

A drug	Description
Complex insoluble corticosteroid.
Cures inflammation, pain, relieves puffiness.
Removes redness, pain pain.

Application of vasodilator drugs

Are appointed with the purpose of removal of spasms. Also, the drugs of this group contribute to improving blood circulation. The best medicines are Pentoxifylline, Tsinaresin. Sometimes the patient is prescribed xanthinal nicotinate.

Application of chondroprotectors

To restore the cartilaginous structure, chondroprotectors are assigned to the patient. Preparations of this group are listed on the plate.

Table 4. The main chondroprotectors:

A drug	Description
Regulates metabolism in cartilage tissue.
Restores cells of cartilaginous tissue and articular bag.
Helps to fill the shortage of glucosamine.

Operative intervention

The photo shows an osteotomy

The operation is prescribed when conservative therapy does not work. Another indication is a pronounced deformation of the hip joint.

The main surgical methods include:

• "Open" direction of the dislocation;
• osteotomy;
• palliative interventions;
• endoprosthetics.

The "open" correction of the dislocation corrects the surfaces of the acetabulum. After the operation, a cast is applied.

Osteotomy involves surgery on the head of the femur. In endoprosthetics, the head of the affected joint is replaced with an implant.

Conclusion

If the treatment was timely, the outlook is favorable. More on the treatment of hip dysplasia will tell the video in this article.

A source: https://vash-ortoped.ru/bolezni-sustavov/displazii/displaziya-tazobedrennogo-sustava-u-vzroslyh-107

Hip dysplasia in humans: symptoms and treatment in children and adults

What is congenital dysplasia of the hip joint? What are the symptoms of an infant and an adult? What methods of treatment can be used? Today, we learn how the disease develops over time and which medications are most appropriate depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease.

Description and features of hip dysplasia

Hip DysplasiaIs an anomaly of development of the hip joint, which slowly but steadily leads to the exit of the femoral head from its natural place (the acetabulum). This deviation in development, as the name indicates, has a beginning during pregnancy and continues in the first years of life until it leads to persistent disturbances in the gait.

Deviation can manifest in varying degrees: from the lung, when the femur slides out acetabulum only when performing special movements, until severe, when the head moves freely outside the cavity.

It is possible to determine four different degrees of severity of dysplasia:

• Dislocation: the exit of the femoral head from the acetabulum.
• Subluxation: this is a dislocation, in which the femoral head and the acetabulum of the hip joint remain in contact, but move away from each other, causing the enlargement of the joint capsule.
• Open dislocation: complete loss of contact and shearing of the head of the femur, above the edge of the acetabulum.
• Stable dislocation: when the head of the femur is displaced upwards (beyond the edge of the acetabulum) and creates a depression on the bone of the hip joint, which rests against it. Obviously, the articular capsule undergoes pathological deformations of the deformation of soft tissues, capsules or ligaments, muscles and bone tissue, and cartilage.

Causes that cause congenital dysplasia

Dysplasia is determined, mainly:

• Genetic predisposition. The structure of this joint is encoded by several genes. A higher predisposition to dysplasia was noted in women, which is explained by a greater predisposition to pelvic enlargement (during childbirth).
• Environmental factors. A fruit that has a limited space for movement in the womb can also have congenital dysplasia of the hip joint. Typical situations: multiple pregnancy, posterior fetal presentation, lack / absence of amniotic fluid, etc.

Symptoms of dysplasia in children and adults

The clinical picture of the disease varies significantly depending on the age and degree of dysplasia. Therefore, the description of the symptoms is made separately for newborns, children and adults.

Clinical picture of dysplasia in newborns

Asymmetrical arrangement of legs. Atrophy of the leg, which has a dislocation in the hip joint. Slight shortening of the limb. The gluteal muscle of the dislocated limb is slightly flattened. Predisposition of the limb to dislocations and excessive rotation.

Symptoms of dysplasia of a child

Bright asymmetry of skin folds on hips. Noticeable elevation of the head of the femur. Additional rotation of the foot. Difficulty with moving the leg. Reduced muscle volume of the dislocated limb. Delay in the beginning of walking.

Symptoms of dysplasia in an adult

The exit of the head of the femur beyond the acetabulum. The presence of evidence of mobility of the femoral head on the ileum. Formation of a depression at the point to which the head of the femur is attached. Hypoplasia of the neck of the femur. Deformities of the head of the femur. Smoothing of the acetabulum. Abnormal accentuation of the physiological flexure of the lumbar spine (hyperlordosis). The valgus knee. Early osteoarthritis, which severely limits the mobility of the limb and causes it to shorten.

Diagnosis and treatment of hip dysplasia

Diagnosticscongenital dysplasia is performed by analyzing clinical symptoms and medical history, as well as using instrumental studies such as x-rays and ultrasound.

Early diagnosis allows to provide conditions for the correct development of the joint. For this reason, it is recommended to conduct a hip joint ultrasound in a newborn.

Treatment depends on the severity of the clinical picture. The result of treatment is more favorable the earlier treatment is started.

If nothing has been done onat the stage of subluxation, the first step is to reduce the dislocation of the head of the bone. This operation is very thin and its complexity increases depending on how damaged the anatomical structures of the joint.

• In simple cases (subluxation), it is sufficient to tighten with special patches, which are set for 2-3 months.
• In more complex cases, specialpropping or pulling limbs. A dangerous complication of traction maneuvers is ischemic necrosis of the head of the femur.

In the case of dysplasia withchronic dislocation, which is typical for adults who did not receive treatment at the right time, the only possible therapy is surgical intervention, during which the restoration and compensation of damaged structures the joint.

In cases of the arthritic process, arthroplasty may be required.

A source: https://sekretizdorovya.ru/publ/displazija_tazobedrennogo_sustava_cheloveka/12-1-0-710

Hip dysplasia - symptoms, treatment, forms, stages, diagnosis

Dysplasia of the hip joint (from other Greek. δυσ - "violation" and πλάθω - "form") - a pathology caused by a violation of the formation of the elements of the joint itself and its auxiliary apparatus in the intrauterine period.

Source: det-bol.ru

The hip joint is the largest and most loaded mobile joint in the body.

Its articular surfaces are made by the acetabulum of the pelvic bone and the head of the femur, the fixation of which (prevention of displacement upwards) is provided by the acetabulum (another name is "limbus") - a cartilaginous element, limiting the cavity.

The joint capsule and ligamentous apparatus provide an anatomically and physiologically complete interposition of the articulating surfaces.

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The correct structure of the auxiliary structures protects the joint from subluxations and dislocations (displacement of the joint surfaces relative to each other) under conditions of increased stress.

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During the newborn period, the hip joint even in healthy children is quite unstable in the biomechanical relationship, which is due to a number of age features:

• flattened, shallow acetabulum;
• a larger size of the femoral head in relation to the size of the cavity;
• a weakly developed muscular skeleton in the gluteal region;
• insufficient compaction of the joint capsule.

The development of the joint occurs during the first year of life, almost ending with age, when the child begins to move independently.

With dysplasia of the anatomical structures forming the joint and its auxiliary apparatus, there is a high probability of incorrect development of the hip joint in the first months of life; as a result, the risk of injury increases, there may be difficult to correct gait defects, posture, subsequent disability.

Frequency of occurrence of pathology in different countries - from 2 to 10%.

Girls are more prone to the disease (8 out of 10 cases), the left hip joint is most often involved in the process - more than half of all the revealed dysplasia, the pathology of the right joint and the combined (with the defeat of both joints) occur in an equal degree, approximately in 20% patients. In the case of diagnosing pelvic fetal presentation, the risk of dysplasia rises by a factor of 10.

Causes and risk factors

The main cause of the pathological condition is connective tissue dysplasia, manifested by increased elongation of connective tissue structures, a decrease in their strength.

The disease can be of a hereditary nature, transmitted from the parent to the child autosomal dominant way, and acquired, due to the effect on the fetus of a number of the following pathological factors:

• ionizing radiation;
• unfavorable ecological situation;
• occupational hazards;
• taking certain medications during pregnancy;
• acute infections in the first trimester of pregnancy (rubella, acute respiratory viral infection, influenza);
• chronic infectious diseases of the genitourinary sphere of the mother;
• toxicosis, preeclampsia.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the localization of the pathological process, several forms of the disease are distinguished:

• acetabular dysplasia (acetabular). It is manifested by a flat shape, an abnormally small depth, a small size of anatomical formation, it is possible to deform the acetabulum;
• dysplasia of the femur (head, neck). It is expressed in an increase or decrease in the neck-diaphyseal angle;
• dysplasia rotational - change the formation of the joint in the horizontal plane.

Depending on the degree of severity:

• anterior hip joint - the ratio of the capsular-ligament apparatus and articulated surfaces is preserved, nevertheless, in view of the inconsistency of connective tissue structures may lead to the femoral head exit beyond the acetabulum, followed by a mild directing;
• subluxation - displacement of the head of the femur upwards without leaving it beyond the acetabulum, may be primary or residual;
• dislocation - is manifested by the overgrowth of the capsule of the joint and ligamentous apparatus with the divergence of the articular surfaces and the exit of the head of the bone beyond the acetabulum (lateral or anterolateral, nadacetabular, high iliac).

Symptoms

Symptoms of the disease are caused by a violation of the structure and, as a consequence, the functions of the joint apparatus.

With this pathology, the articular bag is overstretched, the acetabulum is often deformed, the cavity is oblique, its depth is reduced, the ligamentous apparatus is not capable of supporting anatomical interposition of the joint surfaces.

The main manifestations of hip dysplasia:

• shortening of the thigh on the affected side, caused by the exit of the femoral head beyond the acetabulum;
• asymmetry of the gluteal, inguinal, popliteal folds of the thighs, when comparing a healthy limb and limb with an alleged dysplasia their inconsistency in form and quantity (the side of the lesion is characterized by more pronounced, deep and numerous skin folds);
• a positive symptom of slipping, or clicking (Marx - Ortholani), revealed by an objective examination by an orthopedist;
• difficulty in withdrawing the involved hip, manifested by incomplete dilution of limbs bent in the hip and knee joints. Normally in children up to 3 months in this case, the outer surface of the thigh should touch the surface on which the child lies;
• external rotation of the affected limb.

In addition to dysplasia of the hip joint, asymmetry of the skin folds and restriction of the lower extremity To be revealed at some neurologic pathologies accompanied disturbance (a dystonia, a hypertonus, a hypotonus) muscle tone. These samples are maximally informative in the first 2-3 months of life, in the future, these methods do not demonstrate objective results.

After reaching 1 year, the following signs can indicate pathology:

• a characteristic disruption of the gait with an attack on the dislocated leg and a deviation of the trunk to the affected side (Duchenne's symptom with unilateral dislocation);
• slope of the pelvis in the direction of defeat;
• characteristic "duck" gait in bilateral defeat;
• The Trendelenburg symptom, determined when standing on a limb with an affected joint and manifested by the omission of the gluteal fold on the opposite side.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of hip dysplasia is possible only on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the data, The results of an objective examination of the patient and the conduct of such instrumental methods Research:

• Ultrasound examination of joints (compulsory screening of a newborn in 1 month);
• radiography.

Treatment

Therapy for hip dysplasia is based on giving the lower limbs a forced the position of the full lead in the respective joints with their bending to an angle of 90º with the retention of active movements.

With the corrective purpose, special devices are used: preventive panties, wide swaddling, stirrups, retractable tires, gaskets and pillows of the Freik type.

The use of such means is possible only if there is no displacement of the articular surfaces relative to each other (subluxation, dislocation); otherwise, there is an aggravation of the pathological state.

After removing the diverting devices, a complex of rehabilitation measures (exercise therapy, massage, swimming, magnetotherapy, electrostimulation, etc.), then (in 2-4 months) walking is permitted, in the first months only in the outlying orthopedic tire.

If the therapeutic methods of correction are ineffective and in severe cases, surgical treatment is indicated.

Possible complications and consequences

Complications of hip dysplasia may include:

• impaired mobility of the joint;
• lameness;
• dysplastic coxarthrosis;
• formation of neoarthrosis;
• abnormal hip dislocation;
• violation of posture.

Forecast

With timely diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, the prognosis is favorable in 100% of cases. Early treatment with physiotherapeutic methods in the first weeks of life, as a rule, ensures complete recovery of the child.

After the completion of the corrective course, the orthopedist should be monitored before reaching the age of 15-17.

from the topic of the article:

A source: http://www.neboleem.net/displazija-tazobedrennogo-sustava.php

Symptoms and treatment of hip dysplasia in adults

Dysplasia of the hip joint in adults occurs due to heredity, inadequate development of the spinal cord and spine, pelvic injury, predisposition of the body to joint problems, as well as as a result of improper treatment of the disease in childhood. Dysplasia leads to a mismatch between the femoral head and the joint cavity on the pelvic bones, which is a consequence of the congenital dislocation of the hip joint.

Most of the disease manifests itself in the first months after birth, and most often timely and adequate treatment has a positive result. In modern medical practice, effective methods of treating dysplasia are used, which allows many patients to forget about the disease forever.

The main symptomatology of the disease

Without delay, the performed diagnosis of the disease helps to significantly facilitate the healing process and to obtain a greater probability of success in dealing with it.

To prevent the development of ailment, it is necessary to determine the symptoms of the disease in time and start its treatment.

The following deviations should be the signal:

• manifestation of severe pain in the thigh during walking or at rest;
• impossibility of constant movement of limbs;
• pronounced shortening of the limb;
• lameness during movement.

Often, adult patients may not realize that they have hip dysplasia.

Only in a situation where violations of the articular function reach a critical point, a person begins to suspect the presence of a problem.

High elasticity of ligaments and hyperplasticity of the joints in most cases helps in sports and does not cause discomfort, so the disease can be recognized only after an X-ray or ultrasound research.
If congenital dislocation is not corrected in time, it can lead to the formation of an inferior joint, a shortening of the limb and a violation of muscle functions.

To date, orthopedic doctors, rheumatologists and surgeons monitoring patients with dysplasia of hip joints, different methods of restoring functions the joint. These include:

• use of special orthopedic devices;
• massotherapy;
• physiotherapeutic procedures;
• Exercise therapy.

Physiological processes in the joints improve with the use of warm baths, which improve blood circulation.

In a short time, paraffin therapy helps to achieve this effect, which contributes to the targeted areas more intensively. With the help of therapeutic massage, blood flow in the joints is normalized, muscle nutrition improves.

This helps to carry out complex treatment of pathology, with proper and constant observance of which success can be guaranteed.

The extreme measure of fighting with ailment is surgical intervention. Dysplasia of the hip joints in adults is treated with surgical treatment only with special indications that demonstrate:

• inefficiency of conservative treatment for a long time;
• severe deformities of the joints;
• painful symptoms when joints are deformed.

Based on the indicators of the degree of deformation of the joints and their condition, a different mode of surgery can be chosen. To widely used are:

1. Open dislocation of the dislocation, which helps to change the shape of the surface of the hip joint. After the operation, the patient should wear a plaster bandage for a long time.
2. The operation to change the shape of the bones is an osteotomy. What kind of operation is needed depends on the patient's condition and the degree of dysplasia. The operational adjustment can be aimed at changing the shape of the head of the hip bone, the pelvic bones that form the surface of the joint. Appropriate indications are required for this type of operation.
3. If the indications for the operation are present, and the patient's condition does not allow to conduct it in full, surgeons use the method of palliative intervention. The course of the operation depends on the recovery capabilities of the patient's body.
4. Endoprosthetics - substitution for artificial hip joint in the presence of coxarthrosis, when the disease is accompanied by severe pain and impaired mobility.

Despite the effectiveness of the surgical method of treatment, there are cases of complications that demonstrate: shock states due to large loss of blood, the appearance of suppuration in the area of ​​incisions, necrosis of the head of the femur, nerve damage, as well as various types of injuries during operation. Most types of orthopedic surgery are recommended to be performed until age 30, until signs of extensive arthrosis become apparent.

What can lead to neglect of the disease

Modern diagnostic methods allow to identify and correct the incorrect development of the joint in the initial stage of the disease. Despite the fact that the medical process does not pass quickly, it brings good results.

Ignoring the medical process in the detection of a disease can lead to various kinds of complications.
With dysplasia of the hip joint, the motor skills of the spinal column, legs, and pelvis are impaired.

This leads to violations of posture, the appearance of scoliosis, flat feet and osteochondrosis in the future.

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The disease is characterized by a sharp onset and rapid progression. At later stages, the patient is threatened with a vicious thigh setting, in which the leg turns outward and remains in a bent state. There is a sharp restriction of the movement of the joints, which leads to disability.

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Late surgery can cause aseptic necrosis of the head of the femur as a result of damage to the blood vessels. When there is a violation of blood circulation, the head of the thigh is destroyed, paralyzing the motor ability.

As a result, the only salvage is endoprosthetics.

Prevention of disease

Dysplasia of hip joints in an adult can manifest spontaneously. The reasons for this may be a sharp decline in sports activity or pregnancy. Patients who are at risk should avoid all kinds of joint strain.

An obligatory condition for the normal condition of the musculoskeletal system is the performance of special gymnastics aimed at strengthening the muscles and joints, activating the blood flow. It must be remembered that physical education should be dosed, not overloading the joints.

To avoid serious consequences in the future, pregnant women who are at risk should be constantly monitored by an orthopedic doctor. In time, the eliminated problem will help to maintain the health of mother and future baby.

These are salads from raw vegetables, sea fish, sour-milk products, vegetable oil, egg yolk, liver of fish, cottage cheese.

Recently, yoga classes have become popular, which help to maintain and regain mobility of the hip joints.

The complex of exercises developed by experts perfectly suit for people of different age categories.

An excellent preventive method is a year-round voyage that helps to increase the mobility of joints, strengthen the muscles surrounding the diseased joint.

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The implementation of medical recommendations, moderate activity and the right way of life will help restore the former ease of movement. After all, movement is life.

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A source: http://1PoSustavam.ru/tazobedrennyj/displaziya-tazobedrennogo-sustava-u-vzroslyx.html

Hip Dysplasia in Children and Adults: Symptoms and Methods of Treatment

Dysplasia of the hip joint is an inborn violation of the development of all elements that make up its structure, which can lead to dislocation of the thigh and disability. The disease appears in prenatal or postnatal periods under the influence of adverse factors.

The principle of treatment is a long-term (within a few months) fixation of the hip joint in the optimal position. The earlier this disease is revealed in a child, the better the treatment and the shorter the recovery period.

In severe and neglected cases, a surgical operation is performed.

• 1. Description
• 2. Symptoms and Diagnosis
• 3. Treatment
• 4. Dysplasia in adults

Dysplasia of the hip joints refers to congenital pathologies, in which there is an incorrect orientation of the joint elements and a decrease in the area of ​​their contact with each other.

Anatomically, this manifests itself in the underdeveloped supporting areas of the head of the femur and the acetabulum. This diagnosis of orthopedists is established in more than 10% of newborns. Babies with congenital dislocation of the femur constitute,% of the total, and with a subluxation - 4%.

Left-sided lesion occurs more often than right-sided lesion, and bilateral dysplasia occurs in a quarter of cases.

The risk factors for this disease in children are:

• pelvic presentation, contributing to pre-hip thigh, close intrauterine position and lack of water;
• female sex (estrogens promote loosening of ligaments - girls get sick 5 times more often than boys);
• the mother's first pregnancy;
• hereditary predisposition (noted in family history in 13% of cases);
• hormonal disorders in a pregnant mother;
• race (pathology is most common in Europe, and least common in Asian countries);
• Tight swaddling with straight legs.

In an adult healthy person, the head of the femur is completely placed in the acetabulum, forming a globular articulation.

In a newborn child, even in the absence of pathology, the head is only half in the cavity, since in the prenatal period it is formed in size larger than the depression.

From the displacement and excess movements, the head is protected by the cartilaginous plate and the ligamentous apparatus of the baby.

By the year, under normal development, 80% of the head is already entering the cavity, the capsule and surrounding muscles become denser, and the hip joint is ready to absorb loads when walking.

Sometimes at birth, the anatomical disorders of the articulation are not very pronounced, the more vivid manifestation occurs gradually after a few years. In other cases in newborns, a dislocation is formed in utero due to defects in the lining of the joint.

Dysplastic syndrome in children is often accompanied by other disorders of the musculoskeletal system, such as:

• flat-footed feet;
• deformation of the chest;
• valgus curvature of the legs ("X-shaped" limbs);
• weak ligamentous apparatus and excessive mobility of the joints;
• scoliosis.

There is a correlation with pathologies in other systems and organs:

• short-sightedness of various degrees;
• Loss of the lens shape (or its subluxation), cornea or eye;
• tendency to form scars on the skin;
• congenital heart defects.

The development of dysplasia leads to changes of varying degrees in the hip joint. Before the start of walking and in the absence of treatment, the thigh head shifts upward, acetabular dislocation is formed.

Due to the permanent friction of the head about the cartilaginous disc, its deformation occurs, on the surface of the disc there appear mounds, furrows, foci of necrosis, which subsequently lead to arthritis.

When the baby starts walking, the hip displacement increases. Its limiting position is one in which the gluteus muscles (iliac dislocation) become the support of the head.

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The outcome of dysplasia depends on the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment of an infant.

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In children under one year, several symptoms of dysplasia are noted:

• Incomplete removal in the hip joints. To determine this sign, the child is put on his back, his legs are bent at the knees and hip joints, they are bred in the sides. In newborn babies 1-3 months with proper development, the hips should touch the surface of the couch (in older children, the angle of withdrawal is at least 60 degrees). If the child has a congenital dislocation, then the femoral head rests against the iliac bone, and there is no complete abduction. Restriction of the hip dilution is also observed with neurologic disorders (increased muscular tonus, spastic paralysis), therefore, in addition to consulting an orthopedist, you need to undergo an examination with a child neurologist.
• When the legs are dilated by the above method, a click is felt (but not heard) in the joint, which arises because the head jumps over the posterior edge of the cavity. During reverse movement, the head is turned in, and a click occurs again. This symptom is typical for children aged 2 -3 weeks after birth, later muscular resistance builds up.
• One-sided dislocation is determined by the removal of legs bent at the right angle of the hip joint. On the affected side, the hip axis is visualized higher than on the healthy leg. Also on the dislocated leg there is a tissue sagging in the region of the femoral triangle.
• The different depth and asymmetry of inguinal and gluteal folds on the legs indicates a unilateral hip dislocation in the child and is detected in half of the patients. With bilateral damage to the joints, this symptom is not indicative.
• Shortening of one of the extremities (manifested with a slight dislocation of the hip). This sign can be determined at different levels of the kneecaps, when the legs are bent at the knees (the position of the child - lying on the back).
• When crossing the legs of a child in the supine position on the back, their intersection occurs in the upper part of the thigh (normal - in the middle or lower part).

Symptoms of dysplasia in newborns

Often in newborn babies these symptoms are not pronounced, therefore, as a mandatory routine examination for all babies in At the age of 1 month, ultrasound of the pelvic joints is performed, which allows you to accurately diagnose dysplasia or to exclude it.

Ultrasound is also used for dynamic observation in the treatment of a child. When the ultrasound study visualizes the structure of the hip joint, you can determine the nature of development of bone and cartilaginous tissues of the acetabulum, the degree of centering of the femoral head and cavities.

In children older than 1 year with dysplasia, the following symptoms are observed:

• a later onset of walking (at 15-16 months);
• lameness;
• pronounced flexure of the vertebral column;
• when standing on the affected leg, the other half of the child's pelvis is lowered;
• "Duck" gait with bilateral dysplasia.

For children aged more than 3 months, an X-ray examination is used to obtain information about changes in bone structures. At a younger age, the joint consists mainly of cartilages that are not visualized by X-rays.

For evaluation of cartilaginous and soft tissues, arthrography of the hip joint is shown (X-ray examination with preliminary introduction of contrast medium).

This diagnostic method is used to predict conservative methods of treatment and substantiation of surgical intervention.

Pillow of Freik

The main therapeutic measure for dysplasia is fixation of the legs of the baby in a dilute state, with hip joints bent to 90 degrees, using various measures:

• wide swaddling, which must be used already in the hospital and up to 3 months of the child's life (not only as a treatment, but also for the prevention);
• outboard tires, gaskets;
• Freecka-type cushions;
• Special stirrups (Pavlik's stirrups, apply up to 6 months);
• plaster casts for children over 6 months;
• holding the child in his arms with the legs apart (one hand on the back of the baby, and the second - under the buttocks, the child must cling to the mother belly).

Wide swaddling

If the child already has anterior or dislocation (the displacement of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum), only the stirrups with the outlet gasket are used, since other devices do not allow the correction head.

To wear orthopedic adaptations is necessary constantly, even during bathing. The most convenient in this regard are the stirrups. In them, the crotch of the baby remains open, which makes it easier to care for it.

If you shoot them several times during the day, the result will be negative, since the head will make excess movements and stretch the capsule joint.

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The use of gymnastics and massage as treatment measures in the absence of fixation of the joint is not allowed, since they aggravate the course of the disease.

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Stirrups

Gypsum fixation dressings are prescribed in the following cases:

• at late detection of a dislocation in children 6 months, year;
• if there is a congenital dislocation and failure of the previous treatment;
• at children, years with a congenital dislocation, not requiring an extra-articular operation.

If the head does not fit during 2 months of wearing a cast bandage, then surgical methods of correction are used.After the period of fixation in the stirrups, the child can walk no earlier than 2-4 months.

, if the X-ray examination showed that the parameters of the development of the joint correspond to the age. To increase the load on the joint gradually, during the first 2-3 months.

the kid must walk with the outboard tires (Vilensky, CITO, John-Korn). When wearing them, there may be a side effect - X-shaped deformation of the child's legs.

To avoid this, it is recommended to fix the tire on the lower third of the thigh and use orthopedic footwear with a shank fixation and an arch support.

Retraction bus

It is necessary to conduct rehabilitation procedures aimed at strengthening the muscles and improving blood supply:

• stimulating massage;
• exercise therapy, which can be carried out at home;
• electrostimulation;
• gymnastics in the water, with alternating tension and relaxation of the leg muscles (hydrokinetic therapy), which is quite effective in children under 1 year old;
• electrophoresis with solutions of calcium chloride and euphyllin;
• salt baths.

Orthopedic adaptations lead to restriction of the child's physical development, but the lack of timely treatment in the future will entail more serious consequences (full dislocation of the hip, coxarthrosis), which can no longer be eliminated by conservative ways. They require surgical intervention. Heavily succumb to conservative treatment and congenital dislocations. After carrying out all necessary measures and rehabilitation the child should be under the supervision of the orthopedist before the end its growth in 15-17 years, as in such children the development of the joint is slowed down, and repeated subluxations of the hip are often formed.

Parents are not recommended to resort to alternative medicine, since it is impossible to eliminate congenital dislocation in one day, it requires long-term treatment.

Prosthetics with full dislocation of the hip may require repeated surgical intervention (up to 30% of cases), since adults, in the absence of adequate treatment in childhood, this pathology is accompanied by significant anatomical violations:

• smaller pelvic size on the affected side;
• thinning of bones;
• Reduction of the acetabulum, which is filled with fat and fibrous tissue;
• the femoral head is smaller than it should be in the norm, and is shifted up and down;
• The aberrant muscles are atrophied and practically not contracted.

As a result of anatomical changes, a difference in leg length results in the development of scoliosis. The knee joint is deformed, and the backward head of the hip joint provokes a constant inclination of the trunk forward (hyperlordosis of the spine).

For coxarthrosis is characterized by a progressive course of the disease, which ultimately leads to disability. The most susceptible to this disease are women of young, working age.

The higher and longer the mechanical stress on the joint, the faster it breaks down.

A source: http://spina-health.ru/displaziya-tazobedrennyx-sustavov/