Urethritis in men - symptoms and treatment at home

Urethritis in men is a urological disease in which the urethra is affected.Inflammatory process can begin under the influence of many factors. Urethritis is divided into two large groups: non-infectious and infectious.

Infectious urethritis can be caused by various specific pathogens (gardnerella, gonococcus), as well as nonspecific (E. coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus).

The most susceptible to this disease are those people who have a promiscuous sex life, suffer from urolithic disease, diabetes mellitus, was subjected to instrumental studies of the bladder and urethra.

Causes

Urethritis can be divided into the following types:

1. Primary- the characteristic nature of the type is that the inflammatory process affects directly the urethra, which often occurs during sexual intercourse.
2. Secondary- the characteristic nature of the infection in the urethra itself from the source of inflammation, which is usually found in neighboring organs (for example, in the prostate gland, bladder, seminal vesicles, as well as in other pelvic organs).

Depending on the causative microbial agents distinguish between specific and nonspecific urethritis.

Causesnonspecificlesions:

• Staphylococcal bacteria,
• streptococcal microorganisms,
• E. coli and other bacterial pathogens.

Specific urethritis is most often caused by pathogens that are the cause of sexually transmitted diseases.

Kindsnonspecificurethritis:

• Gonorrhea (causative agent of the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae).
• Mycoplasmal (caused by mycoplasmas).
• Ureaplasmic (caused by ureaplasmas, Ureaplasma urealyticum).
• Gardnerella (caused by gardnerella, Gardnerella vaginalis).
• Trichomonas (caused by Trichomonas, Trichomonas vaginalis);
• Mycotic (caused by fungi).
• Chlamydia (caused by chlamydia, Chlamydia trachomatis).
• Viral (caused by viruses, oculogenital chlamydozoonosis, herpes).
• Bacterial (caused by staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacteria).
• Mixed urethritis is caused by several different infections.

Kindsnon-communicableurethritis:

• Traumatic - occurs after cystoscopy, urethroscopy, catheterization, bougie, introduction into the urethra of foreign bodies, after ruptures and tears of the urethra;
• Allergic - arises as an allergic reaction when intolerance of any substances;
  Congestive - occurs with venous congestion in the organs of the small pelvis.

Provoke the onset of the disease hypothermia of the body, medical manipulation - catheterization of the bladder or fence removal, trauma to the penis, foci of chronic infection in the body. Symptoms of specific urethritis in men, as a rule, develop after sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of urethritis in men

Depending on the type of pathogen that provoked this disease and its stages, the pattern of symptoms can vary from violent manifestations to asymptomatic flow.

Symptoms of infectious urethritis usually appear 5 to 14 days after infection, and signs of non-infectious urethritis may appear much earlier (see. a photo). In men, the main symptom is pain, burning along the urethra during urination, and also after it.

Also, a person may be bothered by mucous or purulent discharge from the opening of the urethra, gluing and redness of the urethral sponges, especially in the morning, there may be a seminal fluid or blood in the urine.

If you do not miss symptoms of urethritis and turn to a specialist in time, then the acute form is treated for 7-10 days without any complications. However, if acute urethritis is not treated, then the symptomatology will subside, and the disease will pass into a chronic form in 1-2 weeks.

Symptoms, depending on the type

The table presents the most characteristic symptoms of urethritis for various types of urethritis.

Non-infectious urethritis
Traumatic	Symptoms depend on the nature of the injury - it's burning and pain when you urinate.
Allergic	Also, pain and burning, however, a feature is the presence of an allergic edema.
Congestive	Classic symptoms are often completely absent. It manifests itself in different types of sexual function disorders.
Infectious urethritis
Tuberculosis	In most cases, it occurs against tuberculosis of the kidneys or genital tuberculosis. There is a penetration of mycotic tuberculosis bacteria into the urethra with a current of urine. Flows malosimptomno (sweating, fatigue, subfebrile).
Gardnerellezny	The incubation period is from one week to several months. In most cases, it is present as a component of mixed urethritis.
Chlamydia	Resis and burning sensations are absent, insignificant discharge. In most cases, it proceeds according to the chronic type.
Ureaplazmenny	Most often accompanies trichomoniasis or gonorrheal urethritis. The incubation period is about 1 month. There are green or white discharge, burning and itching appear when urinating. Exacerbation of symptoms occurs against the background of sexual contacts or alcohol intake.
Mycotic	The incubation period is about 20 days, there is burning and itching. Allocations are watery or mucous, sometimes pale pink.
Bacterial	Purulent discharge. Symptomatics erased. The incubation period can last several months.
Trichomonas	It is characterized by constant itching in the region of the head of the penis, also characterized by the presence of grayish-white discharge and difficulty urinating.
Viral	The course of pathology is sluggish, the symptoms are poorly expressed. Can be supplemented with conjunctivitis or inflammation of the joints
Mycoplasma	Quite rare arises apart. In most cases, it is combined with gonorrhea or trichomoniasis urethritis.
Gonorrhea	Gray-yellow discharge from the urethra, acute pain at the time of urination. The pus contained in the urine gives it a murky color. Appearance of blood in the sperm and urine.

Chronic urethritis

This disease can occur for long months and even years, but in the end the patient still applies for medical help. Chronic urethritis in men is dangerous because it can lead to complications such as chronic prostatitis or stricture of the urethra.

Urethritis at a chronic stage is much more difficult to treat than at the stage of acute inflammation, because it requires the introduction of drugs directly into the urethra.

Diagnostics

At the first signs of urethritis it is important to consult a urologist. In some cases, when the disease was promoted by sexual infection, a consultation of the dermatovenerologist is prescribed.

To determine the diagnosis, especially if the disease passes asymptomatically, sometimes medical examination is not enough. The main methods of the study are urine analysis, which is considered the most simple. If there is an increased level of leukocytes in the urine, this indicates an inflammatory process. Usually the analysis is submitted in the morning. For this, the first portion of the liquid is taken. For testing for bacterial urethritis, a blood test is mandatory.

Additional methods for the study of bacterial urethritis include:

1. Three-glassed sample;
2. Urinalysis by Nechiporenko;
3. Urethroscopy;
4. Urine culture;
5. Polymerase chain reaction of secretions (PCR);
6. If there is an elevated leukocyte count in the blood and urine, there is a protein in the urine (proteinuria), then this may indicate a bacterial urethritis.

A mandatory method is a smear from the urethra, it is bacteriological and microscopic. To prepare for this diagnosis, the day before the procedure, sexual intercourse, the use of any antibiotics should be excluded. In addition, you can not urinate for about two hours before a stroke. Ultrasonography of the bladder, kidney, prostate and ureter can also be prescribed.

Treatment of urethritis in men

First of all, the doctor must identify the causative agent of the disease and only then engage in its treatment. After all, incorrectly prescribed drugs can easily transfer the disease from acute to chronic. Symptoms of the disease will disappear, and the man will assume that he has completely recovered, but with a slight decrease in immunity, the urethritis will again become worse.

1. The main method of treating urethritis in men is the administration of certain drugs, that is,use of antibiotics. Most importantly, the pathogens were sensitive to them. For this, a number of diagnostic studies have to be carried out.
2. Simultaneously with antibiotic therapylocal antiseptic treatment, which consists in washing the head of the penis with solutions of antiseptics (chamomile broth, furatsilina solution and others). It is also recommended to hold baths (lasting 15-20 minutes) with the use of these products.

During the course of the disease, an abundant vitaminized drink is recommended and a strict diet is prescribed. In addition, immunomodulators will be prescribed to help the body cope with the infection.

In the treatment of urethritis in men, it is important to start the treatment. If it is started on time and carried out correctly, then the disease will disappear without a trace.

Features of therapy of various types of urethritis

Depending on who is the causative agent of urethritis, treatment with drugs for men will vary significantly.

1. Bacterial and gonorrhea. A good effect with gonorrheic urethritis is achieved with the use of antibiotics of the cephalosporin group. Also can be appointed tetracycline, erythromycin, oletetrin, kanamycin.
2. Ureaplasma, gardnerel, mycoplasma urethritis. Treatment is carried out with the help of preparations of tetracycline series (Doxycycline), fluoroquinols, macrolides (Clarithromycin), lincosamides in combination with immunostimulants.
3. Trichomonas. The drugs of choice are metronidazole, trichopolum, metrogil. If the course of trichomoniasis is chronic, antibiotic therapy is added to the treatment.
4. Candidiasis. It requires the appointment of antifungal drugs to cope with Candida. Assign Fluconazole, Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Pimafucin.
5. Chlamydia. The most effective antibiotic, which allows to successfully combat the pathology, is Azithromycin. With improper selection of the drug, chlamydial urethritis can lead to serious complications - infertility, Reiter's syndrome, epididymitis, inflammatory diseases.

Self-treatment with strong antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action without a clear treatment regimen can lead to the development of drug resistance of the pathogen and the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Implications

Urethritis is a serious disease, do not hesitate to contact a doctor with this problem, because untimely or incorrect treatment can lead to the development of serious complications. Perhaps the spread of the infection to other organs, patients may develop cystitis, pyelonephritis, the inflammatory process can affect the testicles and their appendages.

The most severe complication of urethritis in men is prostatitis, which can lead to incurable infertility and sexual dysfunction.

Prevention

To minimize the risk of getting urethritis, men should follow such rules:

• avoid injury to the penis;
• drink enough fluids;
• avoid frequent changes in sexual partners;
• timely treatment of any diseases;
• avoid hypothermia.

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