Disability in vision: criteria for determining

Disability in sight is one of the official categories of disability, which is established by medical and social expertise.To date, there are quite a few forms of vision pathologies that have varying degrees up to blindness. Based on this, criteria were developed for determining the group of vision impairment. Criteria are based on the degree of disruption of the normal functioning of the visual analyzer, which are determined by the International Classification of Diseases.

Establishing a disability

The procedure for determining disability is entrusted to medical and social expertise (Article 8 of the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation" of November 24, 1995).In addition, examination determines the causes of disability, the timing and timing of its occurrence, the need for social protection and determines the degree of loss of a person's ability to work.

According to the law, medical and social expertise should develop a rehabilitation program for each particular visually impaired person.

Indefinite (not requiring re-examination) disability is established if a person is completely blind to both eyes and vision is impossible to restore.At a low visual acuity of both eyes and eyes, seeing before, 3 with correction or narrowing of the field of vision of both eyes before ten degrees, which developed as a result of irreversible and persistent changes, also set an unlimited disability.

A person under the age of eighteen has the status of a "disabled child".After coming of age, a person must undergo a reassessment.

Establishing a disability with full or partial loss of vision:

• Examination from an ophthalmologist.The doctor issues an opinion on the need to assign a disability group to the patient.
• Additional examinations and studies (ECG, ultrasound and so on).
• The conclusions from all the examinations are passed on to the attending physician, who must arrange the patient for medical and social expertise.
• The patient undergoes medical and social expertise, after which he is assigned a certain group of disabilities and develops a rehabilitation program.

Criteria for identifying groups

On the basis of the degree of disability and the assessment of existence, disability groups are defined. In addition, the group is determined based on the degree of disruption of the visual apparatus.

1. The first group of disability is assigned in the case of severe visual impairment, leading to the limitation of the life of the third degree, and the presence of visual impairment of the fourth degree.Usually the first group is given with a complete loss of vision of both eyes, or almost complete blindness (no more than 4), or with a bilateral narrowing of the visual field in a concentric type in combination with medical and social restrictions.
2. The second group of disability is assigned with the limitations of vital activity of the second degree and the presence of the third degree of visual impairment.These include those situations where a person can not see with one or both eyes (from, 5 to), and at the same time can not exercise habitual actions, and he needs special care, and when the two-sided fields of vision are narrowed to a concentric type to ten or twenty degrees.
3. The third group of disability is awarded with moderate visual impairment of the second degree: the limitation of sight, the average degree of blindness (from, to,), which need to be adjusted with glasses or lenses, the field of view is one-sidedly narrowed in a concentric type (less than forty, but more than twenty degrees).

Vision functions	Degree of violation of functions
The only or better seeing eye with correction	I. Small (minor)	II. Average (moderate)	III. High (expressed)	IV. Practical, absolute blindness (significant)
Visual acuity	from to ,	is greater, and less than or equal to 0 ,3	from, 5 to,	from 0 to, 4
line of sight	narrowed to forty degrees	less than forty but wider than twenty degrees	less than or equal to twenty, but wider than ten degrees	from ten to zero degrees
Scotoma in the central field of view	no	single relative	individual absolute or multiple not draining	Central (ten or more degrees) or paracentral drain
Indicators of EFI	up to 80 up to 45	up to 120 up to 30 up to 30	up to 300 up to 20 up to 20	more than 300-0 less than 20-0 less than 20-0
Thresholds of EF (μA) Lability (Hz) KCSM (Hz)
Visual performance	does not decrease	decreases moderately	reduced	decreases significantly

Disability criteria for each disease are individual. They are evaluated for each person individually, because everything depends on the profession, age, and so on.

Assessment of vision limitations

Groups of disability are determined primarily on the basis of assessing the existence of a person (the ability to move and navigate, serve oneself).To properly perform all these actions, you need to have sufficient fields and visual acuity with both eyes.

The degree of violation is assessed on that eye that sees better. And the degree of maximum correction is determined with the help of ophthalmic optics, for example, using glasses.

In addition, vision limitations that interfere with normal work and learning are identified.Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the definition of light sensitivity, accommodation, visual acuity near, perception of colors.

It is necessary to take into account visual fatigue and visual productivity, because they are decisive in the performance of the work.

Degrees of limitation

To assess disability, it is necessary to determine the degree of limited life. On the basis of this, the following severity criteria are distinguished:

1. Restrictions of the first degree.A person can perform the usual actions on his own, but it takes quite some time, or additional tools are used to perform the actions.
2. Restrictions of the second degree.A person needs help from other people, or he needs special conditions to carry out actions. Health disorders are quite pronounced and stable.
3. Restrictions of the third degree.Man completely loses his ability to normal life, he constantly needs help from surrounding people.

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conclusions

To get a disability in sight, you need to undergo medical and social expertise. For this, the attending physician gives direction, and the patient himself writes a statement for the examination. After passing the examination, a person is given a certain group of disability on the basis of the degree of disruption in the functioning of the visual apparatus. Visually impaired people are paid monthly. Their total size is determined by the disability group, type of pension, special status and so on.

A person who has not been given a disability may challenge the decision of the examination in his main office or in court. It should be noted that with age, the degree of disability can vary, since eye diseases in most cases progress. Therefore, it is required to undergo an examination periodically to clarify the disability group.

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