Types of pneumonia of the lungs

Varieties, causes and treatment of pneumonia

Among adults and children, a disease such as pneumonia is common. All the organs and tissues of man constantly need oxygen. Lungs are a paired organ. Their main function is the gas exchange between the blood and the environment. The lungs are located in the chest cavity. Outside, they are surrounded by a dense, thin shell (pleura). Each lung consists of segments, segments and lobules. In the right lung allocate 3 shares, and in the left only 2.

Each share consists of several segments. The latter are divided into segments. With inflammation, the function of the lungs is disrupted, which manifests itself in the form of a cough, difficulty breathing. A segment, several lobules or a whole body fraction may be involved in the process. Often there is total inflammation. What are the etiology, the clinic and the treatment of pneumonia?

Features of pneumonia

Not everyone knows what pneumonia is. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung, mainly infectious in nature, in which interstitial tissue and alveoli are affected. In most cases, this pathology occurs in an acute form with severe symptoms of intoxication. The acute form of the disease occurs in both children and adults. Pneumonia in adults is a fairly frequent pathology. The incidence is 10-14 cases per 1000 people.The risk group includes children and the elderly (over 50).This lung disease poses a danger to life and health in the absence of treatment.

With pneumonia, the likelihood of complications (respiratory failure, pleurisy, abscesses) and death is high. Sometimes pneumonia occurs almost asymptomatically. The disease can be identified only after X-ray examination. This pulmonary pathology has recently been developing more and more often in persons from disadvantaged families, people serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty, children living in orphanages. Very often, pneumonia develops after surgery or when the person is in the bed for a long time. In the latter case, congestive pneumonia develops.

Types of pneumonia

There are different types of pneumonia. It is infectious and non-infectious, nosocomial or community-acquired. Depending on the magnitude of the inflammation focus, the following forms of pneumonia are distinguished:

• focal;
• segmented;
• share;
• total;
• drainage.

The causes of the disease are different. Given the etiology, all infectious pneumonia are divided into:

• bacterial;
• fungal;
• virus;
• mycoplasmal;
• mixed.

The first group includes the so-called Friedlander pneumonia. The causative agent of the disease in this case is the Klebsiella. Of the group of viral infections, adenovirus pneumonia is most common. Inflammation of the lung tissue is complicated and uncomplicated. According to the severity of clinical symptoms distinguish acute, acute prolonged and chronic inflammation. One lung or both can be affected. The bilateral inflammatory process proceeds most severely. Pathomorphological signs of pneumonia are divided into focal, segmental and parenchymal.

Inflammation can be primary, secondary, post traumatic, postoperative. Separately isolated toxic pneumonia and aspiration. The primary form of inflammation develops most often against the background of hypothermia. As for the secondary form, the cause is other severe somatic diseases (HIV infection, cancer). When inflammation in the tissues can accumulate various cellular elements. Eosinophilic pneumonia often develops. With it, many eosinophils are found in the alveoli. Pneumonia is serous, serous-haemorrhagic.

Etiological factors

The development of pneumonia lobar or any other can be due to various factors. If there is an infectious inflammation, the pathogens can be: bacteria (pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci, hemophilic rod, clostridium, legionella, E. coli), mycoplasmas, viruses (influenza virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus), fungi. In the latter case, candidiasis pneumonia develops. The most frequent pathogens are pneumococci. They are found in more than half of the patients. Infection in this situation occurs mainly aerosol mechanism (airborne and airborne dust). This happens when you are in contact with a sick person. As for nosocomial pneumonia, the cause of infection can become medical personnel. It is often diagnosed as a freelander pneumonia. It accounts for between 3 and 8% of all patients.

Inflammation of non-infectious etiology can develop under the following circumstances:

• on the background of stagnation in a small circle of blood circulation with strict bed rest;
• after closed or open chest injuries;
• with bronchitis.

Allergic pneumonia can be the result of inhalation of various chemicals, dust, microorganisms. Known pathology, called the disease of the farmer. It is typical for people engaged in agriculture. The main cause of the disease is the inhalation of microscopic moldy fungi contained in the hay. Currently, this disease is rare. Infants can develop lipoid pneumonia. It is also called oily. It develops when fluid enters the lungs through the nasopharynx and trachea. This happens during feeding. In older children, this condition can be associated with the uncontrolled use of oil-based nasal drops.

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Perhaps the development of radiation pneumonia. It is formed after exposure to the human body of large doses of ionizing radiation. This is possible with radiation accidents, as well as after treatment of malignant tumors with the use of ionizing radiation. The likelihood that paracancrotic pneumonia develops is high if a person has a lung tumor. Sepsis (acute bacterial infection of the blood with the development of an inflammatory reaction in all organs) is responsible for the development of septic pneumonia. In this case, the percentage of death is high.

Increased risk

Much depends on the presence of risk factors for the development of small-focal pneumonia or any other form of it. The main risk factors include:

• smoking;
• decreased immunity;
• presence of chronic pathology of the oropharynx or nasopharynx (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis);
• supercooling;
• lack of vitamins;
• endocrine pathology;
• abuse of alcoholic beverages.

In children the development of focal pneumonia and inflammation of another form can be facilitated by the following circumstances: hypoxia during the period intrauterine life, prematurity, hypotrophy, the presence of cystic fibrosis, congenital immunodeficiency states, malformations development. The risk factors for inflammation in adults include prolonged lying, lying down, addiction, heart failure.

Clinical manifestations

Signs of pneumonia are different. Pneumonia, taking place in an acute form, can manifest itself in the following symptoms:

• fever;
• productive cough;
• pain in the chest;
• chills;
• shortness of breath;
• malaise;
• wheezing.

For asymptomatic pneumonia, a latent flow is characteristic. Patients may be disturbed by malaise, excessive sweating, weakness. The temperature may remain within normal limits. The development of transient pneumonia is often a complication of the flu. In this situation, the disease proceeds lightning fast. In the absence of proper treatment, the death of a sick person is possible.

Infectious form of inflammation often occurs with severe symptoms of intoxication. Legionellosis pneumonia and all other atypical forms of the disease proceed more calmly. For them, typically a gradual onset, a headache, muscle pain, a sore throat, a dry cough. Each form of inflammation has its own characteristics. For example, the main manifestations of focal pneumonia are: high fever, chills, weakness, malaise, headache, increased sweating. With large foci, the appearance of cyanosis and dyspnea. When you cough, there is pain. The disease in most cases lasts 1-2 weeks.

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The lobular (croupous) pneumonia develops suddenly. Patients are concerned about the rise in temperature, weakness, productive cough, shortness of breath. A typical manifestation of croupous pneumonia is chest pain. It can be strengthened by inhaling and tilting the trunk. In the development of croupous inflammation, four stages are distinguished: the stage of tidal flow, red curing, gray curing and resolution. This disease affects adults more often than children.

Diagnostic measures

If you suspect a pneumonia, you should definitely visit a doctor (therapist). For the statement of the exact diagnosis it is necessary:

• conduct a general and biochemical blood test;
• listen to the lungs;
• to conduct a medical examination;
• interview the patient;
• measure body temperature, pressure, pulse, respiratory rate;
• conduct an x-ray study;
• to conduct an electrocardiogram and an ultrasound of the heart.

In the course of a physical examination, one can detect blunting of percussion sound, hard breathing, wheezing, crepitus. A dull sound with percussion is revealed when the fibrous tissue replaces the parenchyma of the lungs. Important symptoms in the diagnosis are the symptoms of the disease. In the general analysis of blood, non-specific signs of the inflammatory process are found.

The final diagnosis is made on the basis of X-ray study. It is carried out at the beginning of the disease and after treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. X-ray photography allows you to exclude another pathology (pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer). If a person has infectious pneumonia, it is required to establish a pathogen. For this, sputum can be examined.

Therapeutic tactics

What to do with pneumonia and pneumonia?

Treatment depends on the form of the disease. Treatment of infectious inflammation of the lung tissue involves the use of antibiotics, expectorants, mucolytics, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, copious drinking, inhalation.

Treatment is appointed by the doctor. To treat pneumonia in the home is unacceptable, since complications are possible. If there is bacterial serous or hemorrhagic pneumonia, treatment involves the destruction of the pathogen. Drugs of choice are macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Sumamed"), penicillins ("Amoxiclav"), cephalosporins ("Cefazolin"). They are indicated for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.

If a person falls ill within the walls of a medical institution, then penicillins, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems are preferred. To improve the clearance of sputum and its dilution, apply "ACTS", "Lazolvan". These medications are indicated for coughing with phlegm. At a high temperature (above 3 ° C), antipyretic agents can be used. With pneumonia without symptoms, symptomatic therapy is not performed. In the case of an allergic nature of inflammation, a doctor may prescribe antihistamines.

In order to normalize breathing and eliminate shortness of breath, inhalations are prescribed. For this purpose, bronchodilators can be used. In severe cases, glucocorticoids are used. For a speedy recovery the patient is required to comply with bed rest, take vitamins, fully eat. During the recovery phase, treatment involves physiotherapy (UHF therapy, electrophoresis, massage). In severe pneumonia, infusion therapy may be performed in infants.

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Thus, pneumonia is a formidable disease, which is fraught with serious complications. The treatment of the disease is based on the use of antimicrobial agents.

respiratoria.ru

Inflammation: symptoms in adults and children

• Croupous inflammation
• Chlamydial inflammation
• Treatment

Among the most dangerous diseases of the respiratory system in the first place is pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs occurs in people regardless of age and can cause serious disruption to the body and even death.

Pneumonia is classified according to a number of signs:

• According to the etiological sign, the disease occurs:
  • virus;
  • bacterial;
  • mycoplasmal;
  • fungal;
  • mixed.
• According to clinical and morphological manifestations, the disease can be:
  • croupous;
  • focal;
  • interstitial;
  • parenchymal;
  • mixed.
• In the course of the disease, pneumonia is distinguished as:
  • sharp;
  • acute prolonged;
  • atypical;
  • chronic.
• In the spread of the inflammatory process, pneumonia happens:
  • one-sided;
  • two-sided;
  • focal;
  • total;
  • share;
  • sub-division;
  • basal;
  • draining.

Inflammation of the lungs in adults occurs by infection of the alveoli and bronchial epithelium.

The development of the disease occurs within 2 - 3 days, after which there are symptoms on which it is possible to diagnose pneumonia.

The disease often occurs against the background of a weakening of the defenses of the body.

This can contribute to the following factors: hormonal changes in the body, frequent colds, malnutrition, constant intoxication.

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults are almost always similar to the appearance of a cold or flu.

If the high body temperature lasts more than 5 days and does not decrease with the use of paracetamol, you can suspect the presence of pneumonia.

The main manifestations of pneumonia are:

• increased body temperature;
• cough, at first the disease is dry, with development - with abundant phlegm;
• dyspnea;
• increased fatigue, weakness;
• fear caused by lack of air;
• pain in the chest.

Depending on the type of pathogen, the symptoms of pneumonia are acute or occasionally. It is very important to determine the presence of a serious disease on time, and begin treatment. It is not always the usual examination of a doctor can reveal pneumonia. To clarify the diagnosis, you need an additional examination in a medical facility.

It is especially difficult to determine the latent or chronic form of pneumonia. And yet an experienced doctor can diagnose it according to the following symptoms:

• the appearance of a patchy blush on the cheeks;
• sweat on the forehead with a slight load;
• constant thirst;
• the occurrence of pain in the chest when turning the body;
• painful sensations with deep breath;
• uneven, intermittent breathing;
• frequent pulse.

Inflammation of the lungs in adults and children varies in risk factors. The disease develops for the following reasons:

• In adults:
  • weakened immune system;
  • smoking;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • diseases of the bronchopulmonary system;
  • frequent colds;
  • poor-quality food;
  • general anesthesia during surgical interventions;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • heart failure;
  • old age;
  • forced prolonged immobility.
• Children:
  • supercooling or overheating;
  • frequent acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis and other diseases of the respiratory system;
  • birth trauma;
  • Congenital heart defect;
  • hereditary immunodeficiency;
  • hypovitaminosis;
  • hypertrophy;
  • chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx.

In children and adults, the symptoms of pneumonia also have differences. In a child, they are usually the least pronounced.

• If for an adult a high body temperature is a frequent symptom, then in children, pneumonia is not necessarily accompanied by fever. Sometimes children endure this disease, as they say, "on their feet."
• With the development of pneumonia caused by streptococcal infection, children do not develop fibrin in the cavities of the alveoli. Thanks to this, after recovery, breathing is fully restored.
• Symptoms of pneumonia in children are often similar to those that appear at the initial stage of bronchitis: dry cough, hoarseness.
• A loose stool, a lack of appetite, a frequent cough, a blue around the mouth against a catarrhal disease or inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx - a good reason for examining the child for pneumonia.
• Cough is the main symptom of the disease in both children and adults.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia in adults: symptoms of croupous inflammation

Pathogens - streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, Klebsiella. The inflammatory process occurs both in the whole lobe of the lung, so in its segments. The onset of the disease is acute: high fever, chills.

The development of the disease occurs in four stages.

1. Stage of the tide. There is a sharp hyperemia of the lung tissue and the patency of the capillaries in the affected areas is impaired.
2. Stage of red curing. The number of leukocytes in the alveoli increases. The affected lung becomes denser.
3. The stage of gray curing. In the lumens of the alveoli, a large amount of fibrin accumulates, which complicates the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
4. The resolution stage. Degraded infiltrate in the alveoli.

Symptoms of croupous pneumonia:

• increase in body temperature up to 40 Celsius;
• dyspnea;
• cough;
• confusion of consciousness;
• weakness;
• Rusty sputum;
• pain in the chest.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia in adults

It develops against the background of viral infectious diseases. Pathogens - influenza viruses, parainfluenza, measles, chicken pox, adenovirus. Symptoms are similar to the manifestation of colds:

• high body temperature;
• severe headache;
• shortness of breath;
• pain in the chest;
• nausea, vomiting;
• pain in the muscles;
• coryza.

Possible bloody discharge or pus in sputum.

Symptoms of radical inflammation of the lungs in adults

Pathogens - staphylococcus, pneumococcus, hemophilic rod. The peculiarity of the ailment lies in the fact that it is difficult to diagnose. The disease has 2 forms: tumorous - proceeds imperceptibly and slowly; inflammatory - manifests itself quickly.

The main symptoms are:

• coughing;
• sore throat;
• increased body temperature;
• an increase in leukocytes in the blood.

For the diagnosis of this type of pneumonia, an X-ray scan is required.

Symptoms of Chlamydial Inflammation of the Lung in Adults

The causative agent is chlamydia. Most often affect the genitourinary system of the body of men and women. Chlamydia pneumonia is atypical and occurs mainly in children. In adults, it can develop against a background of reduced immunity. It is similar in appearance to an ordinary cold.

The main symptoms are:

• the temperature rises to 3, - 38 Celsius;
• a sharp sharp cough;
• strong weakness;
• a hoarse voice;
• can develop into bronchitis.

Symptoms of fungal inflammation of the lungs in adults

The disease was provoked by fungal infections: candidomycosis, blastomycosis, streptotrichosis, actinomycosis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis. The most dangerous pneumonia, as it is very difficult to diagnose. The patient may not even suspect the presence of fungal inflammation of the lungs. Fungi damage the lung tissue, forming cavities in it.

The main symptoms are:

• cough;
• fast fatiguability;
• dyspnea;
• presence of pus in sputum;
• muscle pain.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia in older adults?

• there is no acute onset of the disease;
• the temperature is raised slightly;
• drowsiness, weakness, apathy;
• significant shortness of breath;
• tachycardia;
• a blush on one cheek;
• painful sensations in the chest during breathing.

The development of pneumonia in this category of persons can be accompanied by concomitant diseases:

• emphysema of the lungs;
• pneumosclerosis;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Especially dangerous is the development of pneumonia in acute vascular insufficiency. In this case, emergency care is needed, since there is a possibility of septic shock and pulmonary edema.

Inflammation of the lungs in people with alcohol dependence

People who are prone to excessive drinking alcoholic inflammation is particularly difficult.This is due to strong intoxication of the body. Possible manifestation of various psychoses:

• visual and auditory hallucinations;
• disorientation in space and time;
• excessive overexcitation;
• inadequate behavior.

Chronic form of pneumonia occurs if the disease is treated in an untimely and inappropriate manner. It is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• a cough with purulent discharge;
• deformation of the chest;
• hard breathing;
• hypovitaminosis;
• inflammation of the nasopharynx and mouth;
• changes in blood composition;
• tachycardia;
• decreased immunity;
• intoxication of the body.

Treatment of pneumonia in adults

In most cases of pneumonia, the doctor diagnoses on the basis of the clinical picture of the patient's illness and the X-ray.

In some cases, we can talk about the etiology of the disease before carrying out the relevant bacteriological studies.

Depending on what kind of pneumonia, symptoms and treatment in adults differ.

The main component of the treatment are drugs aimed at fighting the pathogen. The remaining drugs are aimed at removing the symptoms of pneumonia.

If not severe pneumonia in adults, in-patient treatment is provided. It consists of the following measures:

• taking medications that dilate the bronchi for sputum discharge;
• reception of antibiotics, antiviral drugs for fighting the pathogen of pneumonia;
• the passage of a course of physiotherapy;
• performance of exercise therapy;
• compliance with diet, abundant drink.

In severe cases, the patient is shown hospitalization.

Medication for inflammation of the lungs in adults includes the following drugs to kill infection and relieve symptoms:

• For the treatment of infection:
  • penicillins: amoxiclav, ampicilli, xacilli, arbenicillin;
  • aminoglycosides: gentamycin, kanamycin;
  • Lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin;
  • macrolides: sumamed, clarithromycin;
  • carbapenems: thienes, meronem.
• Symptoms:
  • corticosteroids - to relieve inflammation;
  • mucolytics - for sputum expectoration;
  • antipyretics - to reduce temperature;
  • bronchodilators (list of drugs) - for cough and breathing;
  • antihistamines - to relieve allergies;
  • drugs that remove intoxication;
  • vitamins - to strengthen the body and improve immunity.
• Concomitant treatment of pneumonia in adults includes the following procedures:
  • UHF;
  • inhalation;
  • UFO;
  • electrophoresis;
  • paraffin therapy;
  • pneumomassage.

Known in Russia, Dr. Komarovsky believes that along with antibiotics and cough tablets, physiotherapy procedures for the treatment of pneumonia are no less important. During the exacerbation, the patient needs to take medication and adhere to bed rest.And after the state of health improves, the result of treatment should be fixed by various auxiliary procedures.

For the treatment of pneumonia, folk remedies are widely used. Healing plants, fruits and roots are recommended for making beverages, inhalations, compresses. Many recipes of traditional medicine can be found on forums in the topics of discussion of the treatment of pneumonia.

Emergency care for pneumonia in adults includes the following activities:

• oxygen therapy - with severe respiratory failure;
• injections of non-narcotic analgesics - with severe pleural pain;
• anti-shock therapy - with toxic shock;
• psychotropic drugs - in case of mental disorders in people with alcohol dependence;
• detoxication therapy - with severe intoxication.

Inadequate treatment of pneumonia can cause the following complications:

• destruction of lung tissue;
• pleurisy;
• obstruction of the bronchial tree;
• acute heart failure;
• the spread of infection through the bloodstream (sepsis);
• meningitis;
• pulmonary edema;
• septic shock.

Prevention of pneumonia in adults:

• strengthening immunity;
• hardening of the body;
• timely treatment of colds;
• timely treatment of caries;
• to give up smoking;
• frequent wet cleaning and airing of the room;
• avoidance of hypothermia.

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gajmorit.com

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults

Pneumonia is an infectious disease. It remains one of the most common in the world. It is the leader among nosocomial infections leading to death. It is important to know the symptoms of pneumonia in adults in order to take timely action. Treatment of pneumonia and the prognosis of the development of the disease depends on the nature of the infection, age and general condition of the patient.

What is pneumonia and how dangerous it is

Inflammation of the lungs in an acute form is called pneumonia. It is caused by infections that can be transmitted in various ways, affecting the lung tissue. In the list of diseases that caused death, she is in fifth place, and medicine does not always help. Lethal outcome among adults from pneumonia is 10-33%. Intrahospital and atypical form of the disease takes even more lives - the risk of dying increases to 50%. In elderly people, people with weakened immunity, the prognosis of pneumonia is often disappointing.

From usual pneumonia, 1-3% of young patients who do not have diseases that die, can die. Among elderly patients, the mortality rate is up to 40-50%. Causes of death from pneumonia:

• Concomitant diseases, such as cardiac pathologies, existing respiratory diseases (such as bronchitis), diabetes mellitus, problems in the genitourinary system;
• bad habits (smoking, especially lengthy experience, drug addiction, alcoholism);
• dysfunctional living conditions;
• weakened immunity.

A special risk of inflammation of the lungs is for pregnant women. The disease itself is heavy due to dangerous pathologies. For a woman who carries a child, she is doubly dangerous - for the future mother and fetus. In early terms, pneumonia is threatened by an embryo, the tissues and organs of which are not yet formed. In the last trimester for a child, pneumonia is less dangerous than for a mother. Prevention is simple: strengthening the immune system of the mother.

The first signs of pneumonia

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults depend on the type of infection that caused the disease. There are several types of pneumonia, and each has its own clinical picture. The provoking factor for the onset of pneumonia is hypothermia affecting the upper respiratory tract. In the elderly, it often goes into a pathological form. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults are several: they are divided into varieties of insidious disease. The common form of pneumonia is viral, occurs in half the cases. Other reasons:

• bacteria;
• mycoplasma;
• fungus;
• parasites;
• chlamydia;
• streptococcus.

Atypical

A disease that occurs without symptoms characteristic of pneumonia is called atypical. The latent inflammation of the lungs is dangerous because it is delayed for its treatment, when many complications appear. Pulmonary manifestations fade into the background, the patient is more concerned about general intoxication. The X-ray does not show changes in the airway. Signs of atypical inflammation:

• dry cough;
• sore throat;
• muscle pain;
• headache;
• weakness.

Aseptic atypical pneumonia is caused by Legionella, viruses, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, therefore, it is treated with antimicrobials. After infection, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in a period of 2 to 10 days. Changes in the lungs begin later than with a typical pneumonia. The temperature rises, the patient starts to suffocate, he does not have enough air. A large percentage of patients can be cured at home, but sometimes the ailment is difficult. The mortality from this type of disease is 3-5%, the cause is cardiopulmonary insufficiency.

Viral

This type of disease is caused by several viruses. In the first place - the flu. At the onset of pneumonia, triggered by the influenza virus, malaise is noticeable during 3-5 days. Then the condition worsens, shortness of breath starts, chest pains appear. Pneumonia is treated with rimantadine, zanamivir, oseltamivir. Viral pneumonia is caused by cytomegalovirus.

Serious complication of viral pneumonia is SARS, respiratory syndrome. It is caused by the viruses of Paramyxoviridae (they are also the cause of measles and mumps). The syndrome poses a great danger. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults with viral pneumonia are:

• very high temperature accompanied by chills;
• dry cough (unproductive);
• headache and muscle pain;
• fatigue without reason.

Bacterial

The cause of pneumonia in this case are bacteria: pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. Bacterial pneumonia begins with a sharp temperature jump to a mark of 41 degrees. It lasts up to 3 days, and this symptom is considered a clear sign of bacterial infection. If the temperature then falls, then rises - this is a viral picture. Pneumococcal pneumonia is accompanied by the escape of "rusty" sputum, cardiac contractions become more frequent (tachycardia), breathing becomes more difficult. Treat the disease with antibiotics.

Grybkovoy

The most dangerous variant of pulmonary inflammation is fungal infection. It is due to the fact that fungal pneumonia is not manifested at first, and people do not know that they are sick. The disease is diagnosed late. The onset of the process of inflammation of the lung tissue is like atypical pneumonia, but with the exacerbation of symptoms, the nature of lung damage changes, cavities are formed. A frequent causative agent of such pneumonia is Candida albicans, a fungus. Initially, the patient has catarrhal symptoms: fever, cough, fatigue and shortness of breath. Then, when pussy is pus, then the correct diagnosis is made.

The main symptoms of pneumonia in an adult

The cold, the flu, should not last more than 7 days, if in 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory infection the condition of the patient worsened, this signal starts in the lower respiratory tract of a dangerous inflammation. Symptoms of pneumonia in adults include pallor and dyspnea. If they have a cold, they are accompanied by weakness, sweating, decreased appetite - this is typical for intoxication in the beginning of pneumonia.

Temperature with pneumonia

With atypical pneumonia, body temperature is not always greater than 3,. In the usual cases, a sharp increase to 40 degrees is typical. With pneumonia, antipyretic drugs do not work. If you can not bring down the temperature - it's a sign of pneumonia. The temperature begins to drop when antibiotics work. It is dangerous if the disease runs without temperature: the patients sometimes do not take measures until the condition worsens. How much the temperature lasts depends on the pathogen: a fungus, a bacterium or a virus.

What a cough with pneumonia

At the beginning of the disease, a cough is dry, this is called unproductive. He becomes obtrusive, constant, exhausting. Inflammation develops - this symptom also changes. The sputum departs, the color of which depends on the nature of the infection: yellow-green, purulent, "rusty." Nasal cough, which does not pass for 7-10 days, is a clear sign of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

Voice tremor

The doctor can recognize the symptoms of the disease, assessing the patient's jittery response. The patient says words where there are several "p" sounds, and the doctor puts his hands on his chest, and determines the voice trembling. With pneumonia, part of the lung, or it is whole, becomes denser. This will be noticed by the medical doctor who conducts the diagnostics, by the fact that the voice tremor is amplified.

Diagnosis of the disease

If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process in the lungs, a comprehensive diagnosis is performed. Sometimes already at the primary admission the doctor can determine the disease by conducting an auscultation, that is, having listened to the chest with a phonendoscope. But the main method of diagnosis in an adult is an X-ray. Necessarily the patient will take blood for general and biochemical analysis. If the patient is in the hospital, examine the culture of sputum, urine, check blood for antibodies to viruses.

Types of pneumonia

The mild forms of pneumonia, found in the initial stage, are treated at home. Remember that even mild pneumonia will complicate with improper care. It is necessary to adhere to the doctor's recommendations how to treat pneumonia in the home:

• antipyretic drugs, anti-inflammatory;
• an abundant drink is prescribed;
• an important component of the treatment is a diet: the body is poisoned by toxins, light foods, more fluids are required.

How to treat pneumonia, how long the process will last depends on the severity and variety of the disease. Infection is sometimes found in the lung tissue for years, leading to a chronic illness. Fibers and connective tissues are damaged, they press on the pulmonary vesicles, which leads to hardening of the lungs, pneumosclerosis. The patient feels discomfort, constantly coughs. It is a slow, prolonged illness, which gradually leads to complications.

Conventional pneumonia is divided into mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe in severity, it depends on how the disease proceeds. Severe acute forms include pleuropneumonia, when one or more of the lungs are inflamed. There is pneumonia in the localization:

• Focal (concentrated in the focus of inflammation);
• segmental or polysegmentary, depending on whether one or more segments are located;
• share - does not exceed one share;
• total - covers all the lungs.

One-sided and two-sided

The inflammatory process is concentrated either on one side or it is bilateral. Unilateral pneumonia is divided into two types:

1. Right-sided - occurs more often, the right bronchus is wider than the left and shorter than it, the infection penetrates there freer.
2. Left-sided - develops less often, with it there are stagnant processes in the lung.

Two-sided covers both lungs: all lung tissue becomes inflamed, and the disease is provoked by bacteria (pneumococcus, hemophilic rod). Against the background of one infection, other harmful microorganisms are multiplied, mixed-infection develops. In the fight against a person enter several pathogens, to select antibacterial drugs for treatment is difficult.

Basal

The focus of inflammation, located along the root of the lung, is difficult to diagnose. Such cases are called basal pneumonia. In the diagnosis of computed tomography. The doctor should exclude tuberculosis and lung cancer, the focus of inflammation is similar to a picture on a tumor. Tuberculin tests are carried out. If you mistakenly prescribe drugs against tuberculosis, but they do not give an effect - this is considered a diagnostic sign.

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchial pneumonia characterizes the lesion of small branches of the bronchial tree of the patient. Bronchopneumonia refers to focal. The process of recovery will take a long time. Sometimes the disease is secondary, develops against the background of bronchitis. A person tries to cure bronchitis, that is prolonged, the condition worsens, weakness appears, temperature jumps. The cough that accompanies bronchitis intensifies, unpleasant purulent sputum is separated, at times - with veins of blood.

Important symptoms of this disease: shortness of breath, increased heart rate to 110 strokes for a minute, chest pain. To the development of bronchopneumonia leads not only bronchitis, but also ARVI. Often this type of pneumonia and viruses cause this kind of pneumonia, in order to treat the disease correctly, establish a pathogen, prescribe antiviral drugs or antibacterial. How much the disease is treated depends on the type of pathogen.

Hospital

In addition to community-acquired pneumonia, which develops under normal conditions, there is a serious form of illness - hospital, it is also hospital-acquired. The diagnosis is made when the inflammation appears after two days and more after placing a person in a hospital clinic with a completely different diagnosis. This is the most ruthless species, killing 50% of patients. The disease is caused by microorganisms. Types of nosocomial pneumonia:

• associated with artificial ventilation;
• postoperative;
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized in serious condition.

Immunity of patients is weakened, the body struggled with another disease, was not ready to invade new microbes. To save the situation, patients are placed with droppers, use intravenous nutrition to maintain the vital forces of the body, use drugs of a new generation, potent drugs. Cure nosocomial pneumonia can not always. Treatment of pneumonia in this case is excluded.

The equity

Fracture pneumonia affects the lobe of the lung and the pleura. With this type of pneumonia, it is important to schedule injections of antibiotics, the duration of which is determined by the doctor. Applied physiotherapy, detoxification. Partial pneumonia begins suddenly and sharply. There are three forms of the disease:

• Upper-lobar - it is difficult, with neurological disorders;
• lower-lobed - gives a pseudo-picture of the "acute abdomen", which confuses during diagnosis, chills and "rusty" sputum are characteristic;
• central - inflammation develops deep in the lung, symptomatology is poorly defined, difficult to define.

Croupous

Croupous pneumonia proceeds acutely. The nature of the defeat of the lungs is bilateral. If the pathology is not recognized and the treatment is not started quickly, the patient will die from cerebral hypoxia and cardiovascular insufficiency. The first day the patient has a dry cough. The next day, sputum is rusty, vomiting occurs. On the third day, it becomes worse, dyspnea appears, tachycardia develops. The patient is not able to climb to one floor. Treat croupous pneumonia in pulmonology, in a hospital or resuscitation. Pulmonary lobes of the patient are totally affected on both sides.

Video: types and symptoms of pneumonia

Pneumonia is a dangerous disease, it is important to determine it in the early stages, when the treatment is effective even with folk remedies at home. In the video offered below, experts will tell in detail about the symptoms of pneumonia, teach what to look for if pneumonia occurs without the typical symptoms. Timely detection will avoid irreversible consequences.

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Symptoms of pneumonia in adults

Pneumonia or pneumonia is a fairly common disease that can result in a fatal outcome. Therefore, it is very important to know the symptoms of pneumonia in adults, in order to respond immediately and start treatment.

Symptoms of different types of pneumonia in adults

The disease is dangerous because it is difficult to determine and the time taken to establish the diagnosis and causes of the disease can be irretrievably lost.

Depending on the nature of the course and appearance, the following types of pneumonia are distinguished:

• virus;
• croupous;
• radical;
• fungal;
• hidden.

Symptoms of croupous pneumonia

These include:

• chills;
• a sharp rise in temperature to 40 degrees;
• sweating;
• weakness and lethargy;
• vomiting;
• dyspnea;
• swelling;
• chest pain;
• confusion of consciousness;
• headache.

Croup pneumonia is one of the forms of pneumococcal pneumonia and can affect the lobe of the lung.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia

Signs of a viral lung injury are:

• fever;
• weakness and malaise;
• nausea and vomiting;
• aches and pains in the joints and muscles;
• coryza;
• dry cough turning into wet;
• pus in sputum.

Symptoms of radical pneumonia

This inflammation is manifested by the following symptoms:

• elevated temperature;
• cough;
• an increase in leukocytes in the blood.

Determine this type of disease is quite difficult. This is due to the location of the focus of the disease on the root of the lung. Most often do an X-ray, but sometimes doctors can confuse it with tuberculosis or bronchial cancer.

Symptoms of fungal pneumonia

Symptoms may differ slightly from one another, depending on which kind of disease is provoked. Although in general they are similar:

• there is a cough;
• the temperature rises;
• muscle pains are felt.

Most often, the disease can be triggered by candidiasis, streptotrichosis, blastomycosis. Infection occurs by inhalation of spores of a fungal bacterium, which can be found on rotting boards, molds, in damp areas.

Symptoms of Chlamydia pneumonia

There is a separate type of SARS, which is provoked by chlamydia. Symptoms of pneumonia caused by chlamydia are as follows:

• signs of colds;
• overgrowth in bronchitis;
• weakness;
• elevated temperature;
• intoxication of the body;
• a hoarse voice;
• increased coughing attacks;
• rattling in the lungs.

Signs of latent and chronic form of the disease

The most dangerous of the diseases is a latent form of pneumonia, which is difficult to determine due to the lack of temperature in the patient, coughing and pain in the chest. However, experienced doctors still know certain symptoms of latent pneumonia:

• abrupt wheezing;
• droplets of sweat on the forehead after a slight load;
• dyspnea;
• the appearance of a painful, spotted blush on the cheeks;
• difficulties with deep inspiration;
• rapid pulse;
• general weakness;
• constant thirst;
• lack of movement of one half of the chest during breathing;
• pain in lateral bends of the body.

If during the manifestation of acute pneumonia is not treated, the disease can go into a chronic form. Sometimes this can be triggered by complications for the destruction of the lungs after its acute form. Symptoms of chronic pneumonia are:

• hard breathing;
• cardiopalmus;
• signs of intoxication;
• change in blood composition;
• dyspnea;
• deformation of the chest;
• moist cough with purulent secretions without a smell;
• inflammation of the nasopharynx and mouth;
• difficult breathing during complications;
• polyhypovitaminosis;
• hypoproteinemia.

Exacerbations of the disease can occur within one or several weeks, and then a period of remission occurs. It is very important to properly treat and preventive measures, which are aimed at improving immunity and increasing the body's resistance.

WomanAdvice.ru

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