Viral pneumonia treatment

Viral pneumonia: symptoms and treatment. Viral pneumonia: symptoms in children

Viral pneumonia is a fairly common disease that is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion of the lower respiratory tract. Of course, in this case, the role of pathogens are viruses. It should be noted that the disease affects both adults and children, and the clinical picture in this case is quite typical. So what is the disease? What methods of treatment are used in modern medicine?

The main causes of the disease: varieties of pathogens

For starters, it should be noted that viral pneumonia is most common in patients of childhood. According to statistics, approximately 90% of cases of this disease are registered in the pediatric ward.

Various viruses can act as causative agents. In particular, it can be influenza A and B viruses, as well as adenoviruses, respiratory-sicitial virus, parainfluenza virus, etc. As a rule, the infection is transmitted by airborne droplets. By the way, in most cases, after a few days, a bacterial infection also joins the virus.

Viral pneumonia: symptoms of disease in adults

The incubation period for such a disease usually lasts about 3-5 days. At the end of this period, the first signs of a disease called "viral pneumonia" begin to appear. Symptoms in this case depend on many factors, including the age of the patient, the type of infection, the general condition of the body, etc.

Pneumonia is often preceded by an acute respiratory disease, such as influenza. At the beginning of the development of inflammation there are symptoms of acute intoxication of the body. In particular, patients complain of malaise and weakness, increased body temperature (sometimes up to 40 degrees), as well as body aches, chills, muscle aches. In addition, there may be nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite. Some patients complain of pain in the eyeballs.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia are rapidly increasing. There is a persistent nasal congestion and runny nose. Then there is a dry cough, which gradually turns into a wet cough - there is a discharge of mucous sputum. In the event that mucus is mixed with pus, we can talk about the attachment of a bacterial infection.

As a rule, viral pneumonia causes bilateral inflammation. Some patients complain of shortness of breath. Sometimes you can notice blue fingertips and nose, which is associated with developing hypoxia. Pain in the chest appears only in the most severe cases.

Viral pneumonia: symptoms in children

As already mentioned, in 90% of cases this disease affects children. In the absence of treatment, this disease can be extremely dangerous. That is why it is important to call a doctor in time, because only a specialist can put a child diagnosed as "viral pneumonia".

Symptoms in children correspond to the clinical picture of the disease in adults. Despite the fact that the first signs can easily be confused with the flu or other acute respiratory disease, some characteristic features can still be noted.

For example, unlike ARVI, the temperature at a pneumonia does not normalize after 1-2 days. In addition, the child can observe a noticeable shortness of breath. Severe fever in babies can cause seizures and loss of consciousness. In severe forms of ailment, it can be noted that when inhaled, the baby's chest is retracted (normally it should expand).

In any case, acute viral pneumonia in children is an excuse to see a doctor as soon as possible. The lack of medical care can lead to complications, especially when it comes to children of childhood.

Influenza pneumonia and its features

Most often, the cause of pneumonia is precisely the flu virus. This disease has a rather characteristic clinical picture - a sharp increase in temperature, the appearance of symptoms intoxication, as well as dry cough, in which the mucous sputum begins to separate with time.

But there is also a rather specific hemorrhagic form of influenza pneumonia, which is considered extremely dangerous. Symptoms appear abruptly, and the patient's condition is aggravated swiftly. In the separated phlegm, blood impurities can be noticed. In severe cases, this ailment is accompanied by pulmonary edema, the development of respiratory failure, and sometimes a coma.

Pneumonia caused by other viruses

Often the cause of inflammation are other viruses, and the symptoms of the disease can depend precisely on the nature of the pathogen:

• When parainfluenza clinical picture is similar to influenza pneumonia, but the symptoms are weaker and the patient's condition is not so severe.
• If the cause of inflammation are adenoviruses, then the disease is characterized by persistent fever, an increase in lymphatic nodes on the neck, as well as a prolonged cough, inflammation of the trachea, hemoptysis, conjunctivitis.
• With respiratory syncytial pneumonia, there is a persistent increase in body temperature, as well as severe pain in the chest area.

Modern diagnostic methods

Of course, in the presence of the symptoms described above, it is worthwhile to immediately see a doctor. During the examination, the specialist should find out which disorders disturb the patient. After a physical examination, the doctor will prescribe some additional tests that will help to make an accurate diagnosis.

In particular, a mandatory study for suspected pneumonia is radiography - the images show interstitial changes in the lung tissue. In addition, it is necessary to submit blood samples. A general analysis will confirm the presence of an inflammatory process. Also, in the blood of patients, the number of antibody titres to these or other viruses is increasing.

Sometimes patients take samples of mucus from the nose and throat - they are subsequently examined using the immunofluorescence method.

What kind of treatment does modern medicine offer?

Viral pneumonia in adults and children requires appropriate treatment. To begin with, the doctor will consider the issue of hospitalization. Treatment of newborns, elderly people, as well as patients with severe cardiovascular diseases should be treated in a hospital. With an easy course of the disease, it is possible to conduct outpatient therapy, at home.

To begin with, it should be noted that the patient needs bed rest and adequate nutrition. Also, an abundant, warm drink is extremely important - it speeds up the process of releasing toxins from the body.

In the first 48 hours after the onset of the disease, antiviral drugs are recommended, for example, "Ingavirin", "Tamiflu" (if it is a case of influenza pneumonia) or "Acyclovir" (used in the event that the causative agent is the varicella-zoster virus).

Antiviral therapy is not the only activity that is conducted with a disease called "viral pneumonia". Treatment also includes antipyretic drugs, for example, "Nurofen" or "Paracetamol", which not only eliminate fever, but have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.

In order to facilitate the process of sputum discharge, such expectorants as "Lazolvan", "Fluidite", "Bronchicum", "Ambrobene" are used. If viral pneumonia is complicated by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are additionally included in the course of treatment.

Are complications possible?

Viral pneumonia is a serious illness. If the patient was provided with high-quality medical care on time, then the forecasts are quite favorable. Complications occur only if the patient refuses therapy or when severe forms of the disease occur.

The most common complications include lung destruction. In some cases, pneumonia promotes the development of pleurisy - a disease accompanied by inflammation of the pleural membranes. Occasionally, patients develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency.

Preventative precautions

There are some recommendations, observing which, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of developing a viral form of pneumonia. First and foremost, doctors advise to be vaccinated against measles and flu in time. If possible, try to avoid contact with infected people. In conditions of unfavorable epidemiological situation, it is necessary to reduce the time spent in public places to a minimum or carry with them individual means of protection, for example, medical masks.

Naturally, attention should be paid to strengthening the immune system - to monitor nutrition, exercise, temper the body, take multivitamin complexes, etc. As in any other case, it is important to follow the rules of personal hygiene. And do not forget that viral pneumonia requires proper treatment, so do not ignore the doctor's recommendations.

syl.ru

Viral pneumonia - symptoms in adults

Pneumonia- Acute inflammatory process that occurs as a result of lung tissue infection infection. The causative agent of pneumonia are bacteria, fungi and viruses. Often the infection is mixed. Although, according to medical statistics, pneumonia most often occurs in children, with the weakening of immunity, the disease can affect adults. A particular danger is for the elderly and patients with cardiovascular pathologies. Note, what are the typical symptoms of viral pneumonia in an adult.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia in adults

Symptoms of primary viral pneumonia resemble manifestations of influenza or seasonal respiratory viral infection. The characteristic signs of viral pneumonia in adults are as follows:

hyperthermia with a rise in temperature to 40 degrees;

• pain in the chest;
• coryza;
• sore throat;
• unproductive paroxysmal cough;
• muscle pain;
• headache;
• chills, aches in the body;
• dyspnea;
• physical weakness;
• redness of the eye sclera and pain in the eyeballs.

General intoxication of the body is the cause of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. As the disease develops, the dry cough is replaced by a productive cough, while the sputum can be separated with pus and blood. Also noticeable is the bluish tint of the face and fingertips. Adenovirus infection, as a rule, is accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes. When listening to the lungs, rales are noted.

Absence of full-fledged therapy leads to an increase in respiratory failure. The resulting pulmonary edema can cause a hypoxic coma, and this is a threat of a lethal outcome.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia without temperature in adults

The latent form of pneumonia is considered the most dangerous. It is the lack of temperature and erased signs of the disease that do not suggest that the cause of poor health is viral pneumonia. Cautions should be such symptoms as:

• abrupt breathing with an audible whistle during inspiration;
• frequent pulse;
• constant thirst;
• blush in the form of painful spots;
• pain when turning the torso.

In the diagnosis of the disease, x-ray examination of the lungs is of particular importance. If the patient has pneumonia, then the picture shows changes in the lung tissue.

Attention!Untreated acute pneumonia can go into a chronic form, which is characterized by a change in periods of exacerbations and remission, with the development of complications associated with the destruction of the lungs.

Treatment of viral pneumonia

If there are symptoms of viral pneumonia in adults, adherence to bed rest is a prerequisite for successful treatment. It is important to drink a large quantity of warm drinks daily (berry fruit drinks, fruit compotes, tea with lemon, raspberry or lime color) When the organism is strongly intoxicated, the patient is given intravenous injection of saline and 5% glucose solution.

In therapy, antiviral drugs are used:

• Amizon;
• Anaferon;
• Aflubin;
• Ingaverine.

Drugs should be taken 2-3 times a day for one tablet per reception.

To reduce the fever used antipyretic drugs, for example, Paracetamol, Nurofen. In order to combat the unproductive painful cough, expectorant medications are prescribed:

• Bronchicum;
• Ambrogen;
• Lazolvan and the like.

Important!In viral therapy, a food rich in proteins and vitamins is recommended. It is desirable to additionally use vitamin complexes.

WomanAdvice.ru

Viral pneumonia

Viral pneumonia is caused by various viruses. In adults, the most common cause is influenza A and B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus. It should be noted again that primarily viral pneumonia caused directly by viruses, usually occurs in the first 1-3 days, and from 3-5 days of pneumonia becomes viral-bacterial.

ICD-10 code B25.0 Cytomegalovirus pneumonia J17.1 * J12 Viral pneumonia, not elsewhere classified J12.0 Adenovirus pneumonia J12.1 Pneumonia, caused by respiratory syncytial virus J12.2 Pneumonia caused by parainfluenza virus J12.8 Other viral pneumonia J12.9 Viral pneumonia, unspecified

Influenza pneumonia

This viral pneumonia begins acutely: the body temperature rises rapidly, chills often occur, pronounced phenomena are observed intoxication (intense headache, sensation of aching in the bones, pain in the muscles, lack of appetite, nausea and even vomiting). Rapidly appearing symptoms of the upper respiratory tract (nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing), dry paroxysmal cough, in the future begins to separate mucous sputum (sometimes with an admixture of blood).

With percussion of the lungs, there is practically no change in percussion sound. A distinct shortening (dullness) of percussion sound is noted with the development of viral-bacterial pneumonia and the appearance of foci of pulmonary tissue infiltration. However, it is often possible to detect muffling of percussion sound over the region of the lung root. With auscultation of the lungs, hard breathing is most often observed, with the development of viral-bacterial pneumonia - small bubbling rales and crepitation in various parts of the lungs. Characteristic is also a rapid (within 1-2 days) alternation of foci of hard or weak breathing, dry wheezing with foci of feces, wet wheezing. Such a dynamic auscultatory pattern is due to abundant exudate closing the lumen of the bronchi, and the development of dynamic atelectasis.

In view of the widespread bronchitis and bronchospasm, pronounced dyspnea is possible.

Radiographic examination of the lungs reveals predominantly interstitial lesion with increased vascular pattern, peribronchial infiltration. With the development of viral-bacterial pneumonia, signs of pulmonary parenchyma lesions appear in the form of focal (more rarely - share) dimming.

In the general analysis of blood, leukopenia and lymphocytopenia are determined.

There is a special form of influenza pneumonia - hemorrhagic pneumonia. It is characterized by a severe course and pronounced symptoms of intoxication. From the first day of the disease appears a cough with the separation of serous-bloody sputum, the amount of which then increases sharply. Characterized by high body temperature, dyspnea, cyanosis.

In the following days, against a background of high body temperature and pronounced dyspnea, respiratory insufficiency develops, pulmonary edema and hypoxemic coma develop. Hemorrhagic influenza pneumonia often results in death.

Pneumonia caused by other viruses

The clinical picture of pneumonias caused by other viruses (parainfluenza, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus) is mainly manifested by symptoms similar to influenza pneumonia. However, with pneumonia due to the parainfluenza virus, fever is less pronounced, tracheitis is more common, a slow resolution of the inflammatory process in the lungs is characteristic.

Adenovirus pneumonia is accompanied by catarrhal tracheobronchitis with a prolonged cough, often hemoptysis, rhinopharyngitis, persistent fever, an increase and painful lymph nodes on the neck, radiologically small foci of darkening and sometimes enlarged lymph nodes in the root of the lung. Adenovirus infection is also characterized by eye damage in the form of conjunctivitis. As a rule, pneumonia with adenovirus infection is viral-bacterial.

Pneumonia caused by a respiratory syncytial virus, characterized by high body temperature for 7-10 days, pain in the chest, wet and dry wheezing in different parts of the lungs, accompanied by symptoms of rhinopharyngitis. Radiographic examination of the lungs determines the intensification of the pulmonary pattern, it is possible to identify the foci of compaction of the lung tissue.

Where does it hurt?

Pain in the chest Pain in the chest in children

What's bothering you?

Cough Chrumples in the lungs Shortness of breath Body temperature High fever in the child

Diagnostic criteria for viral pneumonia

When stating the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, the following provisions should be considered:

• the presence of an epidemiological situation for influenza and other acute respiratory diseases;
• characteristic clinical manifestations of influenza or other acute respiratory diseases;
• predominantly interstitial lung changes during X-ray examination;
• detection of the virus in mucus throat, nose, nasopharyngeal washings using immunofluorescence method using monoclonal antibodies;
• the growth of antibody titres in the blood of patients to the corresponding viruses is 4 times or more 10-14 days after the onset of the disease (retrospective diagnosis of a viral infection).

• Pneumonia - Treatment regimen and nutrition
• Antibacterial drugs for the treatment of pneumonia
• Pathogenetic treatment of pneumonia
• Symptomatic treatment of pneumonia
• Fighting complications of acute pneumonia
• Physiotherapy, exercise therapy, respiratory gymnastics with pneumonia
• Sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation for pneumonia

What it is necessary to survey?

Lungs

How to inspect?

X-ray of lungs Examination of respiratory (lung) organs Investigation of bronchi and trachea Computed tomography of thorax

What tests are needed?

General blood test Sputum analysis Influenza: antibodies to the influenza A and B virus in the blood

Who to contact?

Pulmonologist Infectionist

In addition to treatment

Physiotherapy for pneumonia What to do with pneumonia? Antibiotics for pneumonia

ilive.com.ua

Viral pneumonia: characteristic symptoms and treatment

When viral pneumonia occurs, the symptoms of the disease are largely similar to other respiratory diseases of a viral nature, which makes it difficult to diagnose it in the early stages. At the same time, timely detection and initiation of effective treatment is a pledge of complete recovery. Any pneumonia is very dangerous for its consequences, and its bacterial form can also be added to its viral form, which complicates the process. Viral pneumonia is most common in children and is the result of frequent colds.

The essence of pathology

Viral pneumonia is an acute inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract caused by pathogenic viruses. The main way of infection - infection by airborne droplets.Most often this form of the disease affects children (infection in adults is no more than 10% of all registered cases of the disease).Viruses, penetrating through the nose or mouth, actively multiply, affecting cells that cover the surface of the respiratory canals, and penetrate into the pulmonary alveoli.

The further process proceeds as an immune response to infection: the production of lymphocytes increases, which, accumulating in the alveoli, form a fluid cluster in them, making it difficult to move the air mass. The destruction of cells and the concentration of mucus in the lungs causes disruption of oxygen supply and oxygen deficiency. The whole process is accompanied by an acute inflammatory reaction.

Complications of the disease are caused by the fact that the viruses in addition to the respiratory system begin to attack other internal organs, leading to various functional lesions. Viral attack significantly reduces immunity, distracting the immune system, than the pathogenic bacteria that try to join the process use. As a result, a virus-bacterial form of pneumonia occurs, which is typical for adults.

Etiology of the disease

The causative agents of viral pneumonia are different groups of viruses. The most common defeat is provided by the viruses of subgroups A and B; respiratory syncytial virus (especially in young children); parainfluenza of different serotypes. Less common is infection with adenoviruses, metapneumovirus, measles virus and SARS (SARS). In rare cases, a herpes simplex virus (which can affect a newborn baby), chicken pox, Epstein-Barr, hantavirus and cytomegalovirus (with immune deficiency) is detected.

The risk of infection is increased if there are conditions favorable for the infection. Factors that increase the likelihood of infection include:

• weakening of immune defense, immunodeficiency;
• violation of sanitary and hygienic conditions at home or at work;
• raw, cold season, seasonal epidemics;
• the age factor;
• cardiological diseases;
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, tracheitis and viral diseases.

Classification of the disease

Viral pneumonia for complete identification in diagnosis is divided into several categories. For etiologic factors, it can be primary (direct infection) or secondary (develops against its own chronic inflammation). In terms of prevalence, the croupous and focal form is prominent. Localization of the lesion causes the presence of the following varieties: one-sided (total, fractional, segmental, sub-lobular, basal) and bilateral appearance.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of viral pneumonia depend on the type of pathogen and most often resemble signs of acute respiratory viral infection and general intoxication of the body. The severity of manifestation of the disease is divided into the following stages:

• light;
• of moderate severity;
• heavy;
• extremely heavy.

Regardless of the type of pathogen, there are typical common symptoms:

• feverish condition;
• chills;
• cough;
• myalgia;
• headache;
• weakness.

When conducting medical and physical examination, the following symptoms are revealed:

• dyspnea;
• violation of the heart rate (tachycardia or bradycardia);
• wheezing sound when breathing;
• blunt sound during pulmonary percussion;
• the appearance of noise in the friction of the pleura;
• cyanosis;
• various rashes;
• respiratory insufficiency.

Influenza pneumonia. The incubation period is from 8-10 hours to 3 days. The disease begins sharply, against the background of the flu. Intoxication has a pronounced character: fever for 7-9 days, temperature 38-39 ° C, headache, muscle and joint pain.

Cough with a slight discharge, sometimes with blood traces. Quite often, with acute development, bleeding is observed. A common phenomenon is the overgrowth into a viral-bacterial form. With radiography, a rapidly disappearing slight darkening is fixed, which does not always correspond to the severity of the course of the disease.

Respiratory syncytial infection. Pneumonia caused by a respiratory syncytial virus is very often detected in young children (2-3 years). The defeat is most typical for a child with low immunity and for premature babies. The most common pathogen is paramyxovirus. The main symptoms: an exhausting cough of an unproductive type, pain in the ears, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, wheezing, stridor.

Defeat of parainfluenza. Infection with parainfluenza virus is a fairly common phenomenon, incl. among the babies. The incubation period is 1-5 days, in infants can develop faster. The main signs: cough, runny nose, dyspnea, wheezing, wheezing. There may be conjunctivitis and severe rhinitis.

Complications of pneumonia. Viral pneumonia with inflammatory process and intoxication significantly weakens the body and reduces immune defense. This causes the appearance of complicating pathologies, incl. in other organs. The first complication is the attachment of a bacterial infection.

The main consequences of the development of viral pneumonia: pleurisy, obstructive bronchial syndrome, pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, chronic respiratory failure, organ damage outside the respiratory system. Disease in severe form can cause very dangerous consequences, up to a lethal outcome.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of viral pneumonia depends on the type of pathogen, the severity of the disease and the complications that have arisen.

Taking into account the danger of development of pathology, children under 5-6 months old and elderly people (over 65 years of age) are subject to compulsory hospitalization when a disease is detected.

Inpatient treatment is provided in the presence of serious chronic diseases of other organs and the appearance of respiratory distress. Mandatory drug therapy is based on a complex effect: antiviral treatment, symptomatic therapy, rehabilitation and preventive measures.

Symptomatic therapy is performed with the appointment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, expectorant. Etiotropic drugs, corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, cough suppressants are used. Feverish condition is removed by aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen.

The task of antiviral treatment is the destruction and excretion of the causative agent of the disease. For different types of infection, the following medicines are prescribed:

1. Defeat of subgroup A virus: rimantadine and amantadine; an effective combination of them with zanamivir and oseltamivir (domestic remedies of tamiflu and relenza).
2. Virus of chickenpox and herpes simplex: acyclovir.
3. Cytomegalovirus: ganciclovir, foscarnet; immunoglobulin (with immunodeficiency).
4. Respiratory syncytial virus in case of complicated development of the disease and when the virus is infected with subgroup B: virazole.

With symptomatic therapy, such medications are taken:

1. Antipyretics: paracetamol, nurofen.
2. Expectorants: bronchicum, lazolvan, ambroben.
3. Multivitamin complexes: biomax, vitum, complim.

Any scheme of treatment for pneumonia, in addition to active therapy, includes bed rest, quarantine isolation, a plentiful drink that fortifies high-calorie food enriched with vitamins.

respiratoria.ru

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