Antibiotics for colds in adults

Antibiotics for colds and flu: what's better for adults

People with medical education know for certain that antibiotics for colds and flu are ineffective, and they are not cheap and harmful.

And doctors in polyclinics and those who have just finished medical high school know it.

Nevertheless, antibiotics are prescribed for colds, and some patients recommend these medications for the prevention of infections.

With a common cold without antibiotics, it's best to get by. The patient must ensure:

1. bed rest;
2. abundant drinking;
3. balanced nutrition with a high content of vitamins and minerals in food;
4. if necessary, effective antipyretic tablets or injections;
5. gargling;
6. inhalation and rinsing of the nose;
7. rubbing and compresses (only in the absence of temperature).

Perhaps, these procedures can treat cold treatment and limit it. But some patients persistently ask their doctor for a good antibiotic or a cheaper analogue.

It happens even worse, a sick person, in view of the fact that he does not have time to visit a polyclinic, begins self-treatment. The benefits of pharmacies in large cities today are every 200 meters. Such open access to medicines, as in Russia, is not found in any civilized state.

But for the sake of justice it should be noted that many pharmacies began to dispense antibiotics of a wide range of actions only on the prescription of a doctor. However, if you wish, you can always pity the pharmacist, referring to a severe illness or find a drugstore, which is much more important than the health of people.

Therefore, antibiotics for colds can be purchased without a prescription.

When should you take antibiotics for ARI and the flu?

In most cases, the common cold has a viral etiology, and viral infections are not treated with antibiotics. Tablets and injections of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed only in those cases when an attenuated organism has an infection that can not be defeated without antibacterial drugs. Such an infection can develop:

• in the nasal cavity;
• in the mouth;
• in bronchi and trachea;
• in the lungs.

In this situation, antibiotics for flu and cold are needed.

Laboratory methods of research, according to which you can judge the need to take antibacterial drugs, are not always appointed. Often polyclinics save sputum and urine on crops, explaining their policy by the fact that it is too expensive.

Exceptions are swabs taken from the nose and throat with sore throat on Lefler's wand (causative agent of diphtheria), selective urine cultures with diseases of the urinary tract and selective crops of the separated tonsils, which are taken with chronic tonsillitis.

Patients undergoing treatment in the hospital are much more likely to obtain laboratory confirmation of microbial infection. Changes in the clinical blood test are indirect signs of bacterial inflammation. Having received the results of the analysis, the doctor can proceed from the following indicators:

1. ESR;
2. number of leukocytes;
3. an increase in segmented and stab-shaped leukocytes (a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left).

And yet antibiotics for colds doctors appoint very often. Here is an example of this, which is taken from the results of testing one child's medical institution. 420 outpatient cards of small patients from 1 to 3 years were analyzed. In 80% of cases, doctors diagnosed children with ARI, ARVI; acute bronchitis - 16%; otitis - 3%; pneumonia and other infections - 1%.

With pneumonia and bronchitis antibacterial therapy was prescribed in 100% of cases, but in 80% it was prescribed for both acute respiratory infections and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

And this despite the fact that the vast majority of doctors understand perfectly well that it is unacceptable to use antibiotics without infectious complications.

Why do doctors still prescribe antibiotics against influenza and colds? This happens for a number of reasons:

• reinsurance due to the early age of children;
• administrative settings;
• preventive measures to reduce complications;
• lack of desire to visit assets.

How can complications be determined without tests?

A doctor can determine by eye that an infection has become a cold:

1. the color of the discharge from the nose, ears, eyes, bronchi and pharynx from transparent changes to dull yellow or poisonous-green;
2. when a bacterial infection is attached, a second rise in temperature is usually observed, this is typical for pneumonia;
3. the urine of the patient becomes cloudy, a sediment can be observed in it;
4. in fecal masses there is pus, mucus or blood.

Complications that may occur after ARI are determined by the signs below.

• The situation is this: a person has had an acute respiratory infection or a cold and has already started to recover, when suddenly the temperature jumped to 39, intensified cough, there was a pain in the chest and shortness of breath - all these signs signal that the likelihood of developing pneumonia.
• If you suspect a sore throat and diphtheria, the temperature rises, throat pains intensify, tonsils appear on the tonsils, and lymph nodes increase on the neck.
• With an average otitis fluid is released from the ear, when pressing on the tragus in the ear there is a strong pain.
• Symptoms of sinusitis are manifested in this way: the patient has completely lost his sense of smell; In the forehead area there are severe pains that are worse when the head is tilted; the voice becomes nasal.

What antibiotics to drink for a cold?

Many patients ask the therapist this question. Antibiotics for colds should be selected, based on the following factors:

1. localization of infection;
2. the patient's age (for adults and children, his list of drugs);
3. anamnesis;
4. individual drug tolerance;
5. the state of the immune system.

But in any situation, only a doctor prescribes antibiotics for a cold.

Sometimes broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for use against uncomplicated acute respiratory diseases.

Against some diseases of the blood: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.

With obvious signs of weakened immunity:

• a subfebrile condition;
• catarrhal and viral diseases more than five times a year;
• chronic inflammatory and fungal infections;
• HIV;
• congenital pathologies of the immune system;
• oncological diseases.

Children up to 6 months:

1. against vaginal rickets;
2. against lack of weight;
3. against various malformations.

Taking antibiotics for colds is recommended for the following indications:

• Bacterial angina requires treatment with macrolides or penicillins.
• Purulent lymphadenitis is treated with a wide spectrum of action.
• Acute bronchitis, exacerbation of its chronic form, and laryngotracheitis bronchoectatic disease will require the appointment of macrolides. But it's better to do a chest X-ray, which will exclude pneumonia.
• With an acute average otitis, the doctor after the otoscopy makes a choice between cephalosporins and macrolides.

Azithromycin is an antibiotic for colds and flu

Azithromycin (another name Azimed) is an antibacterial preparation with a wide spectrum of action. The active substance of the drug is directed against protein synthesis of sensitive microorganisms. Azithromycin is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Peak action of the drug occurs two to three hours after admission.

Azithromycin is rapidly distributed in biological fluids and tissues. Before you start taking pills it is better to test for the sensitivity of the microflora that provoked the disease. Adult Azithromycin should be taken once a day for an hour before meals or three hours after it.

1. In case of infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues, a single dose of 500 mg is given on the first day of admission, and for three days the patient takes Azithromycin 250 mg per day.
2. Against acute urinary tract infections, the patient should once take three tablets of Azithromycin once.
3. Against the initial stage of Lyme disease, one tablet is also administered once.
4. With gastric infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, for three days the patient should take a single dose of three to four tablets.

The form of the drug - tablets (capsules) of 6 pieces per package (blister).

Other antimicrobial agents

If the patient does not have an allergic reaction to penicillin, antibiotics for influenza can be prescribed from a semi-synthetic penicillin series (Amoxicillin, Solutab, Flemoxin). In the presence of severe resistant infections, doctors prefer "protected penicillins", that is, those that consist of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, here is their list:

• Solutab.
• Flemoclav.
• Augmentin.
• Ecoclave.
• Amoxiclav.

With angina this treatment is best.

Names of preparations cephalosporin series:

1. Cefixime.
2. Ixim Lupine.
3. Panzef.
4. Supraks.
5. Zinatsef.
6. Cefuroxime axetil.
7. Zinnat.
8. Aksetin.
9. Super.

In mycoplasmal, chlamydial pneumonia or infectious diseases of ENT organs, the following medicines are prescribed:

• Azithromycin.
• Macropean.
• Azitrox.
• Z-factor.
• Hemomycin.
• Zitrolide.
• Zetamax.
• Sumamed.

Do I need to prescribe antibiotics? Influenza and ARVI them to treat is useless, therefore the given problem entirely lies on the shoulders of the doctor. Only a doctor who keeps a medical history and the results of a patient's analyzes can give a full account of the expediency of prescribing a particular antibacterial drug.

In addition, it is possible to use antiviral drugs that are inexpensive but effective in treatment, which suggests an integrated approach to influenza therapy.

The problem is that most pharmaceutical companies in the pursuit of profit now and then throw out into the wide sales network more and more new antibacterial agents. But most of these drugs for the time being could be in stock.

Antibiotics, influenza, cold - what conclusions can be drawn?

So, from all that has been said above, we can conclude that antibiotics should be prescribed only for bacterial infection. Influenza and the common cold are 90% viral, so with these diseases, taking antibacterial drugs group not only will not bring benefits, but can provoke a number of side effects, for example:

1. decreased immune response;
2. oppression of kidney and liver function;
3. imbalance of intestinal microflora;
4. allergic reactions.

The administration of these drugs for the prevention of viral-bacterial infections is unacceptable. To take aggressive medications, which are antibiotics, is possible only in extreme cases, when there are all the indications.

The main criteria for the effectiveness of treatment with antibacterial drugs include the following changes:

• relief of the general condition of the patient;
• decreased body temperature;
• disappearance of symptoms of the disease.

If this does not happen, then the medicine needs to be replaced by another one. To determine the effectiveness of the drug from the beginning of treatment should take three days. Uncontrolled use of antibacterial medicines leads to a disruption of the resistance of microorganisms.

In other words, the human body begins to get used to antibiotics and each time demand more aggressive medications. In this case, the patient will have to prescribe not one drug, but two or even three.

All you need to know about antibiotics is in the video in this article.

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List of antibiotics

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. They may have a natural or semi-synthetic origin. They are used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action - the list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.
17. Azithromycin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately identify the causative agent of infection. Their advantage is in a large list of microorganisms sensitive to the active substance. But there is also a disadvantage: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to the suppression of immunity and the disruption of normal intestinal microflora.

List of strong antibiotics of a new generation with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandol.
3. Yunidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cefroxytin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoksef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Clatid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fuzidine.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics of the new generation are notable for a deeper degree of purification of the active substance. Due to this, drugs have much lower toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm to the body as a whole.

Narrowed Bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for cough and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of preparations of a wide spectrum of action. This is due to the fact that the analysis of sputum is about seven days, and until it is accurately identified the causative agent of an infection, a remedy with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is necessary.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases, the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is unreasonable. The fact that the appointment of such drugs is effective, if the nature of the disease - bacterial. In the case where the virus became the cause of bronchitis, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Frequently used antibiotic drugs for inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Azithromycin.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Ceflocor.
6. Rovamycin.
7. Cefodox.
8. Lendazin.
9. Ceftriaxone.
10. Macropean.

Angina

List of antibiotics for angina:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cefradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Azithromycin.
14. Roxithromycin.
15. Josamycin.
16. Tetracycline.
17. Doxycycline.
18. Lidaprim.
19. Biseptol.
20. Bioparox.
21. Inhaliptus.
22. Grammidine.

These antibiotics are effective against angina, caused by bacteria, most often - beta-hemolytic streptococci. As for the disease, the causative agents of which are fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. LeVorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Cold and flu (ARI, ARVI)

Antibiotics for common colds are not included in the list of essential medicines, given the rather high toxicity of antibiotic agents and possible side effects. Recommended treatment of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as fortifying agents. In any case, you need to get a consultation with the therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injections:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macropean.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin solute.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hiconcile.
8. Amoxyl.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Tsifran.
12. Sporroid.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Wertsef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Duracef.

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Whether to drink antibiotics at cold at children or adults?

Everyone who received a diploma from any medical institute is firmly aware and remember that antibiotics for colds, ARVI and flu do not help. This is remembered by doctors in polyclinics, practicing doctors in hospitals. However, antibiotics are prescribed and not infrequently simply prophylactically. Because when you go to a doctor at the hospital, the patient needs treatment.

And in cases with a cold, acute respiratory viral infection, in addition to all the known rules - abundant drinking, bed rest, vitaminized, limited (diet) food, medicamentous means and folk methods for rinsing the throat, washing the nose, inhaling, rubbing with warming ointments - nothing else is needed, this all treatment of the common cold is limited. But no, a person expects medicines from the doctor, often just begging for an antibiotic.

Worse, the patient can independently start taking any antibiotic according to his experience or someone's advice. Appealing to a doctor today takes a long time, and medicines are very easy to acquire. No civilized country has such open access to medicines, as in Russia. Fortunately, today most antibiotics dispense prescription antibiotics, but there is always a chance to get a drug without a prescription (having mercilessly dispensed a pharmacist or choosing a pharmacy that values ​​its turnover most of all).

As for the treatment of a cold in a child, the situation is often overshadowed by the fact that the pediatrician is simply reinsured, appoints an effective, good, "child" antibiotic for colds for prevention, in order to avoid possible complications. If the child begins to drink abundantly, moisturize, ventilate the room, give fever at a high temperature for children, apply all known means for colds and folk methods - the body must cope with the majority of respiratory viral infections.

And why, then, did the pediatrician prescribe antibiotics?

Because complications are possible. Yes, the risk of complications in preschool children is very high. Today, not every mother can boast of strong immunity and the general good health of her child. And the doctor in this case is guilty, did not notice, did not check, did not appoint. Fear of accusations of incompetence, inattention, danger of prosecution pushes pediatricians to prescribe an antibiotic for children with colds as prevention.

It should be remembered that a cold in 90% of cases is of viral origin, and viruses do not cure antibiotics.

Only in cases when the body did not cope with the virus and there were complications, a bacterial infection joined, localized in the oral cavity, nose, bronchi or lungs - only in this case antibiotics are indicated.

Can I understand by analysis that antibiotics are needed?

Laboratory tests that confirm the bacterial nature of the infection are not always performed:

• Since sputum cultures, urine for today is quite expensive for polyclinics and they are trying to save on them.
• Exceptions are swabs from the pharynx and nose with angina to the stick of Lefler (causative agent of diphtheria) and selective sowing of detachable tonsils with chronic tonsillitis or urine in pathologies of the urinary tract.
• More chances to get bacteriological confirmation of microbial infection in hospital patients.
• Indirect signs of bacterial inflammation will be changes in the clinical blood test. Here the physician can orient on the rise of ESR, the increase in the number of leukocytes and the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left (increase of stab and segmented leukocytes).

How to understand by feeling that there were complications?

By eye, the attachment of bacteria can be determined by:

• Changing the color of the separated nose, pharynx, ear, eyes, bronchi - from transparent it becomes cloudy, yellow or green.
• Against the background of bacterial infection, as a rule, there is a repeated rise in temperature (for example, with pneumonia, which complicated ARVI).
• With bacterial inflammation in the urinary system, urine will most likely become turbid and a visible sediment will appear in it.
• When lesions of the intestinal microbes in the feces appear mucus, pus or blood.

Understand that there are complications of acute respiratory viral infection is possible on the following grounds:

• If after the onset of an acute respiratory infection or a cold, after the improvement on day 5-6, the temperature rises again to 38-39C, feeling, cough worse, there is shortness of breath or pain in the chest with breathing and coughing - the risk of pneumonia is high.
• Increases in sore throat at high temperature or there are raids on tonsils, cervical lymph nodes increase - it is necessary to exclude angina or diphtheria.
• There is pain in the ear, which increases with pressure on the tragus, or from the ear flowed - the average otitis is likely.
• Against the backdrop of a cold there was a pronounced nasal voice, headaches in the forehead or face that intensified when leaning forward or lying down, the sense of smell completely disappeared - there are signs of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Many ask the question what antibiotics to drink with a cold, what antibiotic is better for a cold? If complications arise, the choice of antibiotic depends on:

• localization of complications
• age of the child or adult
• anamnesis of the patient
• drug tolerance
• and of course, resistance to antibiotics in the country where the disease occurred.

The appointment should be made only by the attending physician.

When antibiotics are not indicated for colds or uncomplicated ARVI

• Muco-purulent rhinitis (rhinitis), lasting less than 10-14 days
• Nasopharyngitis
• Viral conjunctivitis
• Viral tonsillitis
• Tracheitis, bronchitis (in some cases at high temperature and acute bronchitis antibacterial drugs are necessary)
• Attachment of herpetic infection (herpes on the lips)
• Laryngitis in children (treatment)

When it is possible to use antibiotics for uncomplicated cases

• At the expressed signs of the lowered immunity - constant subfebrile temperature, more than 5 r / year catarrhal and virus diseases, chronic fungal and inflammatory diseases, HIV, any cancer or congenital immunity disorders
• In a child under 6 months of age - rickets in infants (symptoms, treatment), various malformations, with a lack of weight
• Against the background of some blood diseases (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).

Indications for prescribing antibiotics are

• Bacterial angina (with simultaneous exclusion of diphtheria by taking swabs from the throat and nose) requires treatment with penicillins or macrolides.
• Purulent lymphadenitis requires broad-spectrum antibiotics, consultation of a surgeon, sometimes a hematologist.
• Laryngotracheitis or acute bronchitis or exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or bronchoectatic disease will require macrolides (Macropen), in a number of cases, a chest X-ray to exclude pneumonia.
• Acute otitis media - the choice between macrolides and cephalosporins is performed by an ENT doctor after otoscopy.
• Pneumonia (see p. the first signs of pneumonia, treatment of pneumonia in a child) - treatment with semisynthetic penicillins after radiologic confirmation of the diagnosis with mandatory control of the effectiveness of the drug and X-ray control.
• Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, etmoiditis) - the diagnosis is established by X-ray and characteristic clinical signs. Treatment is conducted by an otolaryngologist (see p. signs of sinusitis in adults).

Here is an example of a study conducted on the basis of data from a single pediatric clinic, when analyzing medical history data and outpatient cards 420 children 1-3 years old. In 89% of cases, children were registered with ORVI and ARI, 16% with acute bronchitis, 3% with otitis and only 1% with pneumonia and other infections.

And in80% of casesOnly with inflammation of the upper respiratory tract with acute respiratory illness and Orvi antibiotics were prescribed, with pneumonia and bronchitis in 100% of cases. Most doctors theoretically know about the inadmissibility of using antibacterial drugs for a cold or a viral infection, but for a number of reasons:

• administrative settings
• early age of children
• preventive measures to reduce complications
• reluctance to go for assets

they are still prescribed, sometimes in short 5-day courses and with a decrease in dose, which is highly undesirable. Also, the spectrum of pathogens in children was not considered. In 85-90% of cases it is viruses, and among bacterial agents it is 40% pneumococcus, in 15% hemophilic rod, 10% fungi and staphylococcus, less often atypical pathogens - chlamydia and mycoplasma.

With the development of complications against the background of the virus, only according to the doctor's prescription, according to the severity of the disease, the age, the patient's anamnesis, such antibiotics are prescribed:

• Penicillin series - in the absence of allergic reactions to penicillins, semi-synthetic penicillins can be used (Flemoxin solutab, Amoxicillin). In severe resistant infections among penicillin preparations, doctors prefer "protected penicillins »(amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), Amoxiclav, Ecoclave, Augmentin, Flemoclav Solutab. This is the first-line drugs in angina.
• Cephalosporin series - Cefixim (Suprax, Pansef, Iksim Lupine), Cefuroxime aksetil (Zinacef, Supero, Aksetin, Zinnat), etc.
• Macrolides - are usually prescribed for chlamydial, mycoplasmal pneumonia or infections of the ENT organs - Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zetamaks, Zitrolid, Hemomycin, Z-factor, Azitrox), Macropen - a drug of choice in bronchitis.
• Fluoroquinolones - are prescribed in cases of intolerance to other antibiotics, as well as the resistance of bacteria to penicillin preparations of the series - Levofloxacin (Tavanic, Floracid, Hailefleks, Glevo, Flexi), Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Plevilox, Mossimac). The fluoroquinolones are completely banned for use in children, since the skeleton is not yet formed, and also because they are drugs "reserve", which can be useful to a person when he grows up, in the treatment of infections with drug resistance.

In general, the problem of choosing an antibiotic for today is a task for the doctor, which he must decide in such a way as to maximally help the patient in the present and not harm in the future. The problem is complicated by the fact that in the pursuit of today's profits, the pharmacampany absolutely does not take into account the seriousness of the increasing resistance of pathogens diseases to antibiotics and throw out in a wide network those antibacterial novelties that could be for the time being in reserve.

If your doctor has prescribed an antibacterial drug, you should read 11 rules. How to drink antibiotics correctly.

Main conclusions:

• Antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections, and the common cold in 80-90% has a viral origin, therefore their reception is not only senseless, but also harmful.
• Antibiotics have serious side effects, such as inhibition of liver and kidney function, allergic reactions, they reduce immunity, cause imbalance of intestinal microflora and mucous membranes in the body.
• The use of antibiotics as a prophylaxis for complications of viral-bacterial infections is unacceptable. The task of the child's parents in time to consult a doctor, and the therapist or pediatrician in time to detect a possible deterioration state of health of the child or adult and only in this case to take "heavy artillery" in the form of antibiotics.
• The main criterion for the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is a decrease in body temperature to 37-38 ° C, relief of the general condition, in the absence of this antibiotic should be replaced by another. The effectiveness of the antibiotic is estimated within 72 hours and only after this the preparation changes.
• Frequent and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance of microorganisms, and each time a person will more aggressive drugs are required, often simultaneous use of 2 or more antibacterial agents.

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Antibiotics for colds: indications and specific uses

By the term "cold" is meant a whole group of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which can be characterized by both the viral and bacterial nature of origin. As a rule, all diseases have a similar symptomatology, which in most cases is relatively easy to treat. But it does not exclude situations in which complications of the common cold develop, it is impossible to get rid of them without antibacterial drugs. Almost all people take antibiotics for colds with fear, because they are also capable of causing side effects.

In order for the treatment to only benefit the sick organism, eliminating the accompanying symptoms, it is important to choose and apply a medicinal antibacterial preparation correctly.

When you need antibacterial drugs for colds?

If in the treatment of colds on day 5 after the start of taking medicines there is no improvement state of the patient, it is worth considering that perhaps a cold has joined a bacterial infection. It is in such situations and it becomes mandatory to use antibiotics. Such therapeutic actions for ARVI and common cold are very important, as often their course can be complicated by the development of other diseases, such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia.

Also indications for the use of antibiotics are such diseases as purulent tonsillitis, otitis media, purulent sinusitis - sinusitis and frontalitis, pneumonia, inflammation of the lymph nodes with the formation of pus, laryngotracheitis.

Choosing antibiotics for colds should be particularly careful, in addition, they must be taken on such recommendations:

1. It is advisable to take the drugs inside. If the drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously, an infection can be introduced into the blood. In addition, such procedures are very traumatic for the child.
2. It is necessary to adhere to monotherapy using one antibiotic from the selected group of drugs.
3. Take only the drug that is effective. If, during its use for 48 hours, the patient's condition has not improved, and the body temperature has not decreased, it may be necessary to change the antibiotic.
4. It is forbidden to apply antipyretic drugs in parallel, as they hide the action of the antibiotic.
5. The duration of treatment should be at least 5 days, and if necessary more. For such a period, the activity of the pathogen will be suppressed. Also, experts recommend not to interrupt therapy even after the expected effect, continuing treatment for 2 more days.
6. In the severe course of the cold and the occurrence of its complications, the patient must be hospitalized, and the use of antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the guidance and supervision of a specialist.

How to choose a drug?

Many patients often face a problem caused by the fact that they do not know what antibiotics to drink in case of a cold.It is important to know that all existing antibiotics are divided into groups, each of which is designed to treat certain bacteria. That is why it is so important to make an accurate diagnosis and then choose the right drug.

Types of drugs for colds

All antibiotics used for colds are divided into the following groups:

1. Penicillins.
2. Cephalosporins.
3. Macrolides.
4. Fluoroquinolones.

Penicillins by their nature can be natural - benzylpenicillin, or synthetic - oxacillin, ampicillin. Such drugs are effective in fighting bacteria, destroying their walls, which inevitably leads to the death of a pathogenic microorganism. Virtually never in the treatment with drugs of this group there are no side effects in the form of allergies or fever. The main feature of penicillins is their low toxicity, so they can be used in high dosages, and treatment is often carried out for a long time. Because of this advantage, very often such antibiotics for colds for children are used in pediatrics.

Cephalosporins are a group of antibacterial drugs with high activity. When they penetrate into the source of infection, the bacterial membrane breaks down. These drugs are used only intramuscularly or intravenously, orally, with the exception of cephalexin. Occasionally, minor allergic reactions and impaired renal function may occur.

Macrolides used to be widely used in the treatment of those patients who had an allergy to penicillin. Such drugs are non-toxic and do not cause allergies.

Fluoroquinolones have a high activity against gram-negative bacteria. In a short time, they penetrate inside the cell and affect intracellular microbes.This is one of the safest and non-toxic antibiotics, in the treatment of which there is not even a violation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of respiratory tract

Airways

Among diseases of the respiratory tract is tracheitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia. All of them in most cases combine two common symptoms - fever and cough. As soon as they arise, you should immediately consult a doctor for the appointment of the correct treatment. Such actions will avoid many complications.

Among the drugs effective in controlling bacteria that affect the respiratory tract, it is worth highlighting Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin. All these antibiotics for colds belong to the penicillin group. Some bacteria that cause respiratory diseases can be resistant to penicillin. In such cases, Avelox is prescribed, Levofloxacin is trifluoroquinolone and fluoroquinolone.

Cephalosporins are effective in diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy and bronchitis. For these purposes, Zinatsef, Zinnat, Supraks are widely used. Atypical pneumonia, the causative agents of which are mycoplasmas and chlamydia, can be cured by Chemotin and Sumamed. Each of these drugs is the strongest antibiotic for the common cold.

Treatment of ENT diseases

The most common diseases of ENT organs are sinusitis, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. They can cause streptococcus, hemophilic rod, staphylococcus. In the treatment of such diseases, the following remedies are prescribed:

1. Augmentin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin- apply with angina, frontitis, pharyngitis.
2. Azithromycin, Clarithromycin- the most effective antibiotics for colds, namely with genyantritis, pharyngitis, otitis.
3. Ceftriaxone, Cefatoxime- are used in cases when treatment with other antibacterial drugs has not brought improvements.
4. Morsifloxacin, Lefofloxacin- are used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the ENT organs.

Consequences of taking antibiotics

If improperly prescribed or treated with antibacterial drugs, many unpleasant consequences can occur. The most common side effects are:

1. Dysbacteriosis.On the mucous membranes and skin of the human body there are always bacteria that perform protective functions. When multiplying pathogenic microorganisms, beneficial bacteria do not survive. In this case, the imbalance is disturbed, which is usually manifested by candidiasis and diarrhea.
2. Stability of pathogenic microorganisms.With improper treatment, selection of more resistant bacteria takes place, which rapidly multiply in the body.
3. Allergic manifestations.Some drugs may cause an allergy in patients, which can not always be easily eliminated.

Antibiotics for colds should be prescribed exclusively by the attending physician on the basis of examination of the patient, collection of anamnesis and other studies. Antibacterial agents should in no case be used by patients without
appointment of a specialist.

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