Emphysema of the lungs: bullous, symptoms, treatment, life forecast

Emphysema of the lungs: what it is and how to cure

Emphysema of the lungs - disease , in whichbloating of the lung tissue due to excess air in it. Chronic emphysema is the most common disease in the elderly. Men are two to three times more likely than women because of their prevalence of bronchitis, their exposure to harmful occupational factors, due to smoking tobacco. Today we will consider what is pulmonary emphysema, its symptoms, signs, treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) with medical products, medicines, folk remedies at home.

Remember that all the given examples of drugs for the treatment of emphysema are for informational purposes and must be agreed with your doctor before use!

Bullous emphysema: species, photo

This form of the disease was first described in 1687 by the doctor S. Bartholinus. Bullous emphysema is more common in men aged 55 years and in infancy. Characterized by excessive stretching of the alveoli with the destruction of their walls( air bubbles, of which the lungs are composed).In parallel, large concentrations of air more than 1 cm( bullae) are formed, surrounded by healthy areas of the lungs. In the future, undamaged fates are squeezed by bullae, and atelectasis develops - a part of the lung falls off.

Bullous emphysema is classified according to prevalence of bulls:

1. Solitary - a single bull;
2. one-way local - bullae are localized no more than in two segments of one lung;
3. one-way generalized - bullae are located in three or more segments of one lung;
4. bilateral - the bullae are localized in both lungs.

Morphological changes in pulmonary tissue with pulmonary emphysema

Causes of emphysema

The main cause of development of emphysema is bronchitis. All factors contributing to the emergence and development of chronic bronchitis, are important for emphysema.

Contribute to the development of bullous emphysema factors:

1. Chronic diseases of the respiratory system: bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, pneumosclerosis;
2. long-term smoking of tobacco;
3. pulmonary tuberculosis;
4. pulmonary circulation disorders;
5. genetic, hereditary disorders;
6. contaminated inhaled air containing microparticles of nitrogen oxides, dust, cadmium;
7. unfavorable working conditions: continuous work in the increased dust content of the air.

Emphysema may result from other lung diseases, such as, suppuration, neoplasm, pleurisy. The deformation of the spine and thorax, as well as the profession( glass blowers, musicians) are important.

Emphysema of the lung: symptoms, signs

Bullous emphysema is accompanied by general and specific symptoms.

Common features:

1. sleep disorders,
2. fast fatigue,
3. body weight loss,
4. a constant sense of weakness.

Symptoms:

The main complaints of patients are cough and dyspnea .

Cough is often accompanied by the release of mucopurulent sputum due to the presence of chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis( pathological dilatation of the bronchi).Sometimes a cough can be dry.

Dyspnoea is initially observed during physical exertion and is not always seen by the patient. In the future, dyspnea intensifies, begins to disturb and at rest, becomes permanent. With emphysema, it is usually difficult to exhale. Attention is drawn to the act of breathing auxiliary muscles, they are tense, painful. The neck is shortened, one can often see a swelling of the cervical veins on exhalation, cyanosis appears.

The chest is expanded, especially in the lower part, has a barrel-like appearance. Often there are kyphosis( curvature) of the thoracic spine. During breathing, the intercostal muscles are visible, the mobility of the chest is limited.

Prevention of emphysema is associated, first of all, with the timely treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, which cause the development of emphysema of the lungs and, in the first place, chronic bronchitis. Severe physical work is contraindicated in patients with emphysema, since the body is no longer able to adapt to the constant shortage of oxygen. Increased physical activity leads to increased pulmonary insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension.

Emphysema of the lungs: treatment of

by official medicine

Treatment of of primary emphysema symptomatic:

1. respiratory gymnastics aimed at maximum inclusion of the diaphragm in the act of breathing;
2. courses of oxygen therapy,
3. exclusion of smoking and other harmful effects, including professional;
4. limitation of physical activity.

Therapy with 1-antitrypsin inhibitors is being developed. Accession of bronchopulmonary infection requires the appointment of antibiotics.

With secondary emphysema, is treated for the underlying disease and therapy aimed at arresting respiratory and heart failure. There are attempts to surgically treat focal emphysema - resection of the affected areas of the lung.

1. Treatment should primarily focus on the diseases that cause the development of emphysema.
2. For the improvement of bronchial conductivity, various bronchodilators( Ephedrine, Atropine, Euphyllinum) are prescribed. Especially useful are these drugs with a tendency to bronchospasm.
3. Application according to the indications of mucolytics( Acetylcysteine), bronchodilators( prolonged theophyllines, inhaled beta-adrenomimetics and cholino-blockers).
4. For allergic manifestations, corticosteroids are used.
5. In pulmonary emphysema, the importance of expectorants and thinners is important, which give 4-5 times a day. Effective potassium iodide( 2-3 g per day), ammonium chloride, ipecacuan, preparations of thermopsis, alkaline and steam inhalations.
6. In the presence of pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency, inhalation of oxygen, diuretics and cardiovascular agents are used.
7. When joining the infection - antibiotics, sulfonamides. Of great importance in emphysema is therapeutic exercise. A special set of exercises for the development of the lower thoracic, diaphragmatic type of breathing has been developed.

Folk remedies at home

Traditional medicine advises such home treatment recipes.

Soap dispenser .A teaspoon of ground roots is boiled with 500 ml of water for 5 minutes. Strain. Drink 50 ml three times a day.

Mother-and-Stepmother .It is part of the breastfeeding. The grass well removes bronchospasm, liquefies the bronchial secret, exerts an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. A tablespoon of dried leaves pour 400 ml of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink 1 tablespoon 4-6 times a day.

Against cough, collection 1 is recommended, which includes mother-and-stepmother:

1. gold-bearing,
2. scopodendron scrapbooker,
3. mother-and-stepmother,
4. linden flowers.

Total take 50 g. 2 tablespoons of the mixture pour 500 ml of boiling water, add 1 teaspoonful spoon flaxseed , boil 10 minutes in a tightly closed bowl. Cool, strain. Take 1 tablespoon 4-6 times a day.

Mullein high .The action of the mullein is similar to that of the mother-and-stepmother.2 teaspoons of chopped leaves pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink a quarter cup 4 times a day.

Juice from aloe leaves , aged for three days in the cold, 350 g, honey 700 g, wine type Cahors - 1 bottle. Before preparing the medicine, heat the honey in a water bath to 40 ° C.Mix all the ingredients in the enamelware with a wooden spoon and transfer to a two-liter jar. Soak 2 days in the refrigerator, mixing daily. Take 1 tablespoon three times daily before meals.

Boil 1 liter of water, put there a tablespoon Ledger , close tightly. After 15-20 minutes, inhale napar. One and the same napar can be used three times, adding a teaspoon of Ledum to the water.

Eucalyptus .Inhalation 2-3 times a day. On a liter of boiling water 1 tablespoon of eucalyptus. Inhale steam 10-15 minutes 1-2 times a day.

1 lemon simmer for 10 minutes, cut in half, squeeze out the juice. Pour the juice into a glass, add two tablespoons of glycerin, mix well and top up the with honey .Instead of lemon, you can use apple cider vinegar .With a strong cough, take 1 teaspoonful 5-6 times a day, with a medium intensity cough - 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day.

To one teaspoon of honey , add two tablespoons of anise and two or three grams of salt .Pour a glass of water, bring to a boil, strain and cool. Take 2 tablespoons every two hours.

Infusion of licorice root .1 tablespoon chopped root pour in an enamel pot with 1 glass of boiling water, close the lid and soak in a water bath for 45 minutes. Strain and wring out the remaining raw materials. The resulting infusion is added with boiled water to 200 ml. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Keep in the refrigerator for no more than two days.

Gather 2 :

1. birch leaves - 10 g,
2. dandelion roots - 10 g,
3. juniper berries - 10 g.

1 tablespoon of the collection put in enameled dishes and pour 200 ml of hot water. Boil in a water bath for 30 minutes, cool at room temperature for an hour, strain. Take 1 glass twice a day for 30 minutes before eating.

Combine inhalation with fir oil( 20-30 drops per 500 ml of boiling water) with rubbing fir oil in the chest area 1-2 times a day.

With

viscous and , prepare collection 3 :

1. plantain large( leaves) - 15 g,
2. pine buds - 20 g,
3. marsh swallow( grass) - 10 g,
4. herb cirrus grass - 20g,
5. three-color violet grass - 15 g,
6. thyme( grass) - 10 g.

Two tablespoons of the collection pour 400 ml of boiling water, infuse for 1 hour. Take 50 ml three to four times a day before meals.

1 teaspoon roots of cyanosis blue pour 200 ml of boiling water, infuse for 1 hour, boil for 3 minutes, cool, strain.1 table spoon 3-4 times a day.

Recommendations for the treatment of bullous emphysema

• A complete cure is possible if the cause of the disease is eliminated.
• The primary measures in therapy are smoking cessation and other bad habits.
• A good therapeutic effect produces a chest massage.

Moderate physical activity restores the respiratory system. However, one must remember that excessive workload can harm health. Therefore, you need to follow the recommendations:

1. At the beginning of the treatment course, the distance of walking along fresh air should not exceed 1 km;
2. make walks at a moderate pace;
3. , while walking, maintain a uniform breathing with prolonged exhalation;
4. with the improvement of the condition with the preservation of the uniformity of breathing allowed to rise on the 2-3 floor.

Surgical treatment: operation

In the diagnosis of bullous emphysema in a child, in neglected cases in adults, when drug therapy does not have an effect, surgical intervention is recommended. The operation is performed by high-precision equipment through a small incision on the chest. The main objective of the operation is to remove the bulls, which contributes to:

1. reduction in lung volume,
2. to the squeezing of the squeezed areas,
3. to facilitate breathing of the patient.

In severe cases, when a lot of bulls are located in many parts of the lungs, removal or transplantation is required.

Life forecast for pulmonary emphysema and prevention of

Prevention of the disease consists in the refusal of smoking, avoidance of harmful industrial or climatic factors. It is necessary to diagnose and treat diseases of the respiratory system in time in order to avoid their chronicization.

In the absence of therapy of bullous pulmonary emphysema, complications such as:

1. spontaneous pneumothorax - the rupture of the lung region with the release of air into the pleural cavity and its accumulation;
2. pulmonary hypertension - increased pressure in the vessels of the lungs, as a consequence - an additional burden on the right heart;
3. right ventricular heart failure - develops against the background of progressive pulmonary hypertension, the heart can not fully work and push the blood towards high pressure;
4. ascites - accumulation of free fluid in the abdominal cavity - manifestation of heart failure in the form of a significant increase in the abdomen in size;
5. edema on the feet in the evening, disappearing by morning;
6. attachment of secondary infection increases respiratory failure.

The most serious complication is heart failure. Loss of ability to work, possible, in the absence of treatment, a lethal outcome.

If you have the first symptoms of emphysema( including bullous form), you should immediately consult a doctor-therapist, a pulmonologist, because timely diagnostics and correct treatment will avoid the terrible and severe consequences of the disease.

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The removal of any lobe of the right and left lung can be done from the antero-lateral or posterior-lateral access used to remove the entire lung. If the localization of the pathological process is not sufficiently determined before the operation, the intersection of the cartilage of the 3rd rib is added to the intercostal incision to approach the apex of the lung, or the intersection of the V and VI ribs - to access the lower lobe.

After the opening of the pleural cavity, the retractor is introduced and the possibility of removing the lobe of the lung is determined. Spikes of the visceral and parietal pleura are intersected with scissors between the two ligatures. In the presence of an infiltrate in the root of the lung and difficult to separate interlobar fusions, it is more expedient to begin the operation with the isolation of the main vessels of the lung root and bring the provigrant ligatures under them, and then separate the inter-lobe intervals.

This reduces the risk of bleeding and air embolism. To improve the orientation within the limits of the lung lobes, the pressure in the anesthetic apparatus is increased and they begin to separate them along the interlobar gaps.

Head of the department: a doctor of the highest qualification category. MEDVEDEV ANATOLY A. ALEXANDROVICH.Reception on personal matters: Thursday 9.00. -10.00 in the office. Tel.: 8( 8422) 32-50-85.

Source: NGNogov. Official and traditional medicine. The most detailed encyclopedia.- Moscow: Izd-vo Eksmo, 2012.