Diet: table number 5, menu, what you can eat and can not, the table

In medicine, medical tables, menus and diets for various types of diseases have been developed for more effective treatment of illnesses in acute and chronic forms, as well as for the prevention of exacerbations.

The theme of our meeting today is diet - table number 5 .It is prescribed for acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, cholelithiasis and pancreatitis outside the exacerbation. Let's talk in detail about the diet number 5, the menu, what you can eat and what you can not.

Table number 5: whenprescribed diet

1. Acute inflammation of the liver or biliary tract( acute hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis) in the initial stage or in combination with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract( stomach and duodenal ulcer, gastritis, enterocolitis);
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2. Inflammatory diseases of the liver and gallbladder at the stage of recovery( hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis);
3. Chronic diseases of the liver and gallbladder without exacerbations( chronic hepatitis or cholecystitis);
4. Cirrhosis of the liver( uncomplicated liver failure);
5. Gallstone disease;
6. Chronic pancreatitis without exacerbations or at the stage of recovery.

Inflammatory diseases of the liver, bile ducts - diseases affecting the bile-forming( liver) and bile-excreting( gallbladder, biliary tract) system. They are considered one of the most common pathologies in the world, and every year the number of people suffering from these diseases only increases.

The most common causes of inflammation in the liver and biliary tract are viruses and microorganisms, poisoning with various poisons or medicines, serious disorders of bile acid metabolism.

Often, the dysfunction of the liver and gallbladder can be triggered by an incorrect way of life, inappropriate nutrition, abuse of fatty foods or alcohol. Regardless of the cause, such diseases need proper treatment and adherence to certain dietary rules, since they are untreated in time, they can cause serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure or malignant growths in the liver or biliary tract.

The liver is the main participant of almost all metabolic processes occurring in the body. Many enzymes and biologically active compounds necessary for the processing of proteins, fats and carbohydrates are synthesized here. Also, the liver is responsible for neutralizing and disintegrating poisonous metabolic products, medicines or toxins entering the body with contaminated food or water.

Bile produced in the liver participates in the process of digestion and assimilation of fats, which our body needs as a building material or energy source. From the liver, it passes into the gallbladder, where it accumulates and through the bile ducts enters the intestine when food arrives there. Violations of the formation or release of bile leads not only to a violation of digestion, but also to the occurrence of inflammatory processes that destroy the cells of the liver and gall bladder.

In inflammatory diseases of the liver and biliary tract, symptoms such as pain in the right upper quadrant, hepatic colic, nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundiced skin and sclera. In most cases, food intake is accompanied by unpleasant sensations, which eventually leads to loss of appetite and exhaustion of the body. Often, inflammation of the gallbladder( cholecystitis) is associated with the formation of gallstones.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. This gland takes an active part in digestive processes. Her enzymes break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and neutralize the acidic environment that results from ingestion of gastric juice into the intestinal lumen. In addition to digestive enzymes, the pancreas also produces some hormones that play a huge role in metabolic processes. One such hormone is insulin, which is involved in the absorption of glucose from food. The lack of this hormone leads to the onset of diabetes - a serious hormonal disease, accompanied by various complications.

As with diseases of the liver and biliary tract, the causes of pancreatitis are malnutrition, alcohol abuse, poisoning with various toxins, certain bacteria and viruses. Also pancreatitis can be a complication of cholelithiasis or operations on the organs of the digestive tract.

Diet No. 5 is not a full-fledged treatment for inflammatory diseases of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, but is considered an important component of the healing process:

1. Diet No. 5 is prescribed for acute or chronic liver and biliary tract diseases, as well as cirrhosis and cholelithiasis;
2. Diet No. 5 P is a subtype of diet No. 5 and is intended for persons suffering from chronic pancreatitis without complications or at the stage of recovery.

The purpose of the diet: table № 5

The purpose of the diet number 5 is the normalization of the disturbed digestive functions of the liver and biliary tract, regulation of fat and cholesterol metabolism, stimulation of bile secretion. Also, diet No. 5 is designed to reduce the load on the liver and ensure a full-fledged nutrition of the body in conditions of impaired digestion.

Diet No. 5 P is aimed at providing chemical shading of the pancreas, reducing inflammation and eliminating symptoms, as well as normalizing pancreatic functions.

Table of substances

Indicator	Diet №5	Diet №5 P
Proteins	100-110g	110-120g
Fats	60-70g	70-80g
Carbohydrates	400-500g	350-400g
Liquid	1,5-2L	1,5-2l
Salt	12-15g	10-12g
Caloric value	3000 kcal	2600-2900 kcal

Table number five: diet, menu, what can not be done, table

Food reception mode

Food is taken 5 times a day, with equal intervals of time between meals. The last meal is 2-3 hours before bedtime. A day should drink 1.5-2 liters of fluid. If you follow this diet, it is recommended to take vitamins: ascorbic acid( 150-200 mg), nicotinic acid( 50-60 mg), and thiamine, riboflavin and retinol. It is recommended to replace the sugar with xylitol or sorbitol. Overeating, abuse of heavy fatty foods is contraindicated.

Diet 5 table: what you can eat and what you can not.

Soups: , while observing diet number 5, cereals, vegetable, dairy and fruit soups are allowed. It is recommended to prepare soups on low-fat vegetable broths with the addition of cereals, chopped vegetables or pasta. Also allowed borsch, beetroots, cabbage soup. It is recommended to replace the frying of flour and vegetables for refueling with drying.

When diet # 5 P is observed, soup with cabbage is excluded from the diet. From cereals it is allowed to use manna, buckwheat, rice and oat groats. Vegetables are recommended to be wiped or finely shredded. Also, with good tolerance, soups are seasoned with a small amount of sour cream, dill or parsley.

Exclude : soups cooked on rich meat, fish or mushroom broths, green cabbage soup, okroshka. When diet # 5 P is observed, the use of milk soups is not recommended.

Meat and fish dishes: for both diet # 5 and diet # 5 P, low-fat meat types( beef, veal, rabbit), poultry( chicken, turkey) and fish( hake, pike perch, cod) are suitable. From the meat should be cut tendons and fascia, the bird is cooked without skin. Dishes are served in stewed, boiled or baked form.

If you follow the diet number 5, meat and fish are cooked in a piece, in the form of bits or cutlets, added with pilaf or stuffed cabbage. Also in a limited number allowed milk sausages.

For diet number 5 P meat and fish dishes are prepared in the form of cutlets, meatballs, mashed potatoes or soufflé.In the absence of exacerbations, meat and fish can be served with a piece. Meat is cooked or steamed.

Exclude : fatty grades of meat, poultry and fish, pork, lamb or beef fat, smoked products, liver, kidneys, sausages, meat or canned fish, salted or smoked fish.

Flour products: white or rye bread of yesterday's baking, dry biscuit, unhealthy cookies, pasta in boiled or baked form, crackers without oil and spices. Also allowed to use baked from an uncomfortable dough with the addition of meat, fish, cottage cheese or apples.

Exclude: puff pastry, baked pastry, fresh bread, sweet biscuits. If you follow the diet number 5 P you should also limit the use of rye bread.

Vegetables and fruit: it is recommended to eat fresh tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, carrots, beets, zucchini, cauliflower. Fresh fresh herbs( with good tolerability), green peas, non-acidic sauerkraut, onion( pre-boiled) are also allowed. From fruits and berries are recommended apples, plums, cherries, raspberries, strawberries. Vegetables are served raw, boiled or stewed, both as salads, and as a side dish or a self-serving dish.

Exclude : spinach, sorrel, mushrooms, bitter vegetables( onion, garlic, radish, radish, horseradish, turnips), very acidic fruits and berries. It is also recommended to exclude from the diet vegetable canned, marinated or fried vegetables. The diet number 5 P does not include eggplants, sweet peppers, cabbage, grapes, bananas. Also, you should limit the consumption of raw and not-wiped fruits and berries.

Cereals: are recommended rice, semolina, buckwheat, oatmeal and millet porridge. You can cook pilaf with dried fruits, puddings with carrots and cottage cheese, crumbly porridges, krupeniki, boiled or baked pasta. For the diet number 5 P suitable mashed porridge, cooked on water with milk, a soufflé of cereals, casseroles.

Exclude : should limit the use of legumes. Diet No. 5 P also excludes millet, corn, barley and pearl cereals. Also, when diet # 5 P is observed, crumbly porridges are not recommended.

Eggs and dairy products: soft-boiled egg( one per day with good tolerability), protein omelet. You can eat up to 1 yolk per day. Dairy products are recommended cottage cheese, yogurt, yogurt, whole or dried milk, acidophilus, as well as mild and low-fat cheese. Sour cream is allowed only as a seasoning for dishes. In limited quantities, butter is allowed. If you follow the diet number 5 P you should give preference to dairy products of low fat content.

Exclude : dishes from whole eggs, more than two yolks per day, hard-boiled eggs or fried. Also, dairy products of high fat content, cream, fermented baked milk, sour cream, spicy or fatty cheeses are not recommended.

Sweet dishes: recommended jam or jams, honey, marshmallow, pastille, jelly, mousse, marmalade, meringue. Also allowed the use of fruit or berry compotes and kissels. Do not abuse sugar, it is partially replaced by xylitol or sorbitol. When diet No. 5 is observed, jam and jams are allowed in limited quantities.

Exclude: chocolate, ice cream, confectionery, rich in cream or cooked on lush biscuit cakes.

Sauces, spices, spices: , when diet No. 5 is followed, milk, sour cream or fruit sauces are allowed, as well as vegetable gravies. Flour for sauces is not fried. You can also taste dishes with herbs( dill, parsley), vanillin or cinnamon.

Exclude : sauces on meat, fish or mushroom broths, tomato sauces, spicy seasonings( mustard, pepper), vinegar, and any kinds of spices.

Drinks: not strong tea with lemon, not strong coffee with milk, compotes, juices, fruit and berries jelly and dried fruits. Vegetable broths, broth of dogrose or wheat bran are also allowed.

If you follow a diet number 5 P instead of sugar in tea and coffee, xylitol is added, compotes are prepared without sugar, and sweet juices should be diluted with water.

Exclude : cold, carbonated drinks, strong tea or coffee, cocoa. Also, avoid too sweet juices or any alcoholic beverages.

Diet menu( table) number 5

First breakfast: to choose from:

1. Vinaigrette with vegetable oil;Curd cheese pudding with jam;
2. Steam protein omelet;
3. Buckwheat porridge with boiled meat;Dairy oatmeal with fruit.

Liquid : tea with lemon, coffee with milk, fruit juice.

Second breakfast: to choose from:

1. Baked apple;
2. Fresh, low-fat cottage cheese;
3. Broth of dog rose;
4. Non-basic tea and dry biscuits;
5. Berry jelly.

Lunch: the first to choose from:

1. Vegetarian borsch;
2. Milk soup with rice;
3. Soup from prefabricated vegetables with pasta;
4. Fruit soup with rice;Cream-soup from potatoes and carrots.

Second to choose from:

1. Boiled fish with baked potatoes;
2. Buckwheat porridge with chicken cutlets;
3. Boiled rice with chicken roll;
4. Mashed potatoes with boiled beef;Baked noodles with boiled chicken.

Dessert to choose from:

1. Fruit jelly;
2. Raspberry jelly;
3. Apple compote;
4. Uncomfortable cookies with jam;
5. Fresh apple.

Snack: to choose from:

1. Broth of dog rose;
2. Non-fermented tea with breadcrumbs;
3. Vegetable broth;
4. Calcined curd;Fruit juice with dry biscuit.

Dinner: for choice:

1. Boiled meat with vegetable garnish;
2. Fish steamed with carrots and mashed potatoes;
3. Krupenik from buckwheat groats with meat meatballs;
4. Pilaf with chicken ribbons;
5. Boiled vermicelli with meat cutlets.

Liquid : broth of dogrose, weak tea, fruit juice.

Before going to bed: a glass of kefir.

Author of the material, practicing physician of the first category: Ivarovskaya A. Web: http: //www.polismed.com/ articles-dieta-stol-5.html