For the past few decades, ischemic cerebral infarction has taken a leading position among diseases that lead to disability or even death.
Nerve cells are gradually dying from lack of oxygen, which often leads to death.
Everyone knows about this disease, but how to avoid it or how to provide first emergency help, if it still happens, few people know. All the details of a serious lesion of the brain read further.
Description of the brain disease
IshemiThe cerebral stroke of the brain
always has a sharp shape .It occurs due to a deficiency of blood supply to the brain or some of its parts. As a rule, with this disease, brain tissue is broken and some number of brain cells die.In addition to ischemic, there is also a hemorrhagic infarction. Symptoms of them, usually, are very similar, but the treatment is fundamentally different. Only an experienced doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis.
Ischemic is different from hemorrhagic in that in the first case there is difficulty, or stopping blood supply, and in the second case there is a large rush of blood, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Lethal outcome occurs in 80% of cases of hemorrhagic disease.
Than dangerous depending on localization
Right hemisphere
The disease that is localized in the right hemisphere, features such as:
- is a violation of concentration;
- by paralyzing the left side of the body;
- impossibility.determine the size and shape of the object;
- psychoses, which are followed by depressive states;
- loss of memory of recent events, although, in general, the picture of life is remembered easily.
This disease causes people to feel that the limbs do not belong to them , and sometimes creates a feeling that they are even more than they really are.
The risk of a lethal outcome with a right-sided lesion is twice as high as that of a left-sided lesion.
Left
The disease affecting the left side of the brain is manifested by the following symptoms:
- is a difficulty in perceiving human speech;
- is a violation of consciousness;
- by paralyzing the right side of the body;
- problems with logic, reading.
Left-sided lesion is tolerated more easily by patients than right-sided. After the disease localized on the left side of the hemisphere, patients recover faster than with the disease of the right hemisphere. Survival in left-sided lesions is several times greater than survival at right-sided.
Treatment of heart attacks, regardless of location, occurs on the same principle, which includes: drug treatment, exercise therapy, consultation with a speech therapist, neurologist and psychologist.
Difference in symptoms of the right and left cerebral hemisphere:
Prevalence and development of
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health of Russia, in the last few years, from the disease with circulatory disorders occupy the first place. In 2002, 56.1% of all deaths were people who died from diseases associated with blood circulation.
Ischemic lesions account for 70-85% of all cases of the disease, cerebral hemorrhage - 20-25%.
The infarction can develop because of atherosclerosis .It is a process in the body when excess fat accumulates on the walls of large vessels.
Places where fats accumulated are called atherosclerotic plaques. Now they become the most sensitive places of the vascular wall.
It happens that this plaque is cracking, then the body, by protecting itself, begins to thicken the blood in this place, trying to clog the hole. As a result, a blood clot forms and blood ceases to flow to the brain. Cell death is developing and a heart attack occurs. The number of dead cells is directly proportional to the size of the artery with a thrombus.
Disrupt the integrity of the plaque can, both high blood pressure and frequent heartbeat, nervous overexcitation or physical exertion.
Stage
- 1 stage - the most difficult period. It lasts from the onset of a stroke and up to three weeks. Necrosis is formed a few days. At this stage, cytoplasm and karyoplasm frown, and peri-focal edema also occurs.
- 2nd stage - recovery period. It lasts about half a year. There is pannekroz all cells and proliferation of astroglia and small vessels. There is a possibility of regression of the neurological deficit.
- Stage 3 is the next recovery period. It lasts from six months to 12 months. At this stage, glial scars or cystic defects of brain tissue develop.
- 4 stage - a year later. You can see the residual phenomena. The course of the disease depends on many factors, such as age, severity of the pathology, etc.
Classification and differences of
species By the rate of formation of the neurological deficit and its duration:
- transient ischemic attacks - they are characterized by focal neurological disorders, monocular blindness. Pass the symptoms during the day, from the moment of appearance;
- "minor stroke" - variation of ischemic infarction, in which restoration of neurologic functions occurs after 2-21 days;
- progressive - the symptoms develop over several days with further incomplete recovery. Residual symptomatology, usually, is minimal;
- total - a cerebral infarction with an incompletely recovering deficit.
Severity of the condition of the patients:
- The mild severity of is mild, restored within 3 weeks.
- The average severity of - focal neurologic symptoms is more pronounced than cerebral palsy. There is no disturbance of consciousness.
- Heavy - occurs with severe cerebral infringements, a consciousness disorder, a neurological deficit.
Pathogenetic:
- Atherothrombotic ischemic stroke - occurs due to atherosclerosis. It develops gradually, with growth, often begins in a dream.
- Cardioembolic ischemic stroke - this variant is due to obstruction of the embolus artery. Begins in a state of wakefulness, abruptly.
- Hemodynamic - can begin as sharply, and gradually. It arises because of the pathology of the arteries.
- Lacunar - occurs due to high pressure. It begins gradually. There are no cerebral and meningeal symptoms.
- By type of hemorheological micro occlusion - occurs due to hemorheological changes. There is a weak neurological symptomatology.
Localization:
- internal carotid artery;
- vertebral, main artery and their branches;
- is the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries.
Causes and Risk Factors
Statistically, men are most often affected by this disease, although women with cerebral infarcts are often found. Alcohol and tobacco smoking increase the risk of developing a number of diseases leading to a heart attack .With prolonged intake of hormonal contraceptives by women, the risk of developing the disease increases.
It should be noted that the causes of a heart attack can also be diseases of the blood system, diabetes, oncological diseases and hypercoagulable disorders.
The main part of heart attacks occurs in people whose age exceeds 50 years .Unfortunately, in our time there are many patients who have suffered a stroke at a young age. The reasons are: frequent use of medicines, alcohol, nerve overexertion and malnutrition.
See the video on the causes of cerebral stroke:
Symptoms and first signs of
The most important thing is to recognize the symptoms in time and take appropriate measures. The main symptoms of ischemic stroke of the brain are:
- numbness in the hands or feet;
- is a disjointed speech;
- severe headache;
- nausea, vomiting;
- dizziness, loss of time.
If such symptoms are found, it is advisable to immediately consult a doctor and take action during the first two hours, then it will be possible to avoid difficult consequences and complications.
If the first symptoms of the disease were too acute, may subsequently develop dementia of .Even if the patient has completed treatment, probably the appearance of psychosis.
Diagnosis and emergency care
The sooner the patient is diagnosed, the more accurate and correct the diagnosis will be. There are several types of examination:
- physical - plays a crucial role. This examination determines the state of the cardiovascular system and respiration;
- neurological examination - the level of consciousness is assessed, the topical diagnosis of the brain occurs;
- duplex and triplex USS - will help determine the cause of ischemic stroke;
- angiography - determines pathological changes in the arteries;
- ECG and echocardiography - to exclude heart problems;
- X-ray of lungs, blood and urine tests;
- Differential diagnosis( usually requires lumbar puncture).
Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the first medical care is provided in a hospital or intensive care unit.
If a cerebral stroke has occurred according to the ischemic type, first aid should include such actions:
- release the airways - undo clothes;
- head put on a pillow higher;
- open the windows or remove the patient to fresh air;
- measure the pressure, but not sharply reduce;
- if there was nausea - put the patient on his side;
- do not give any medicine before the ambulance arrives.
How to provide first aid to a person with symptoms of a stroke, you will see here:
Treatment for restoring the functions of
How to treat ischemic cerebral stroke? During the recovery period, all patients who underwent a heart attack undergo basic therapy, the essence of which is to support all vital functions of the body. The structure of general therapy looks something like this:
- correction of blood pressure and respiration;
- decreased cerebral edema;
- body temperature regulation;
- treatment and prevention of complications, if any;
- actions aimed at ensuring that a bed-patient does not have bedsores.
Further, depending on the etiology of the stroke, the physician prescribes a specific treatment for .
Also prescribed drugs from groups: neuroprotectors, anticoagulants and inhibitors.
Rehabilitation
Restoration of all body functions, after a disease, is from several months to several years. Rehabilitation is difficult and time-consuming. A number of factors play an important role here.
During the recovery period of , effective physical training and massage are effective methods. Thanks to them, the motor functions return and blood circulation improves.
Another important point in recovery after a stroke is the stabilization of the neurological part. For this, amino acid preparations and nootropics are suitable.
Proper nutrition, exercise and medication - all this is a very important part of the recovery period.
The team of Elena Malysheva will tell you and show you how the rehabilitation after a brain stroke:
Recovery
Let's try to answer the question of how many years live after an ischemic stroke - the prognosis after the transferred illness directly depends on its volume. The more affected parts of the brain, the more difficult it will be for the patient to recover. A third of patients die in the first month after the disease.
Of 100% of patients, only in 30% by the end of the year there are brightly expressed symptoms of .The stricken leg, according to statistics, is recovering rather the affected arm.
The worst predictions for life after an ischemic stroke of the brain for the next 5 years - in the elderly. Young people have a chance to recover several times more. Repeated disease occurs in 30% of cases.
Prevention measures
To prevent the recurrence of symptoms, the best methods are: quitting smoking, alcohol, control and maintaining normal blood pressure.
Moderate exercise will have a positive effect on health and reduce the risk of re-emergence of the disease.
Unfortunately, significantly to reduce the risk of strokes in old age is much more difficult .
In severe cases, medication is recommended, aimed at maintaining all the important functions of the body. Only the attending physician will help you choose the appropriate treatment and reduce the risk of strokes.
Your health is in your hands .Take care of yourself. Refuse bad habits, start in the morning to do exercises and you will make a big step towards good health and longevity. Be healthy!
