Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands in women, it is observed most often during breast-feeding of a child, but sometimes it is diagnosed outside the lactation period. Along with this, there is also inflammation of the cyst located in the female breast. Diseases are peculiar to the female body, due to a special purpose in the structure and functions of the breast. Very rarely, mastitis occurs in men.
To which doctor to contact: mammologist, gynecologist, surgeon, oncologist. Today we will talk about the causes, symptoms and treatment of the inflammatory process in the mammary gland.
CONTENTS
Why the mammary gland becomes inflamed: the causes of mastitis
The main causes of inflammation of the breast.
Lactostasis .With lactostasis( milk congestion), ideal conditions arise for the development and further spread of the infection.
- With the participation of an infectious agent, milk is fermented, which promotes the further reproduction of the infectious agent and the onset of purulent inflammation.
- The development of lactostasis causes a large amount of milk, especially in the first days after the birth of the baby: after the feeding there is a surplus of milk, and this leads to its stagnation.
- The large size of the breast does not allow evenly to completely remove milk from all parts of the breast.
- Incorrect or inconvenient application of the baby to the breast: as a result, milk sucking does not occur from all the ducts, and lactostasis and in the future - inflammation - occur in separate sinuses.
Anatomical nipple structure .
Scratches of the skin, nipple damage as a result of feeding - the entrance gate for infection.
Trauma of the ducts of the mammary gland.
Reduced immunity to after delivery.
Inflammatory diseases of , the source of infection in the body, from where it can enter the mammary gland. In such cases, the causative agent, getting into the milk, multiplies rapidly, especially with lactostasis, and causes a violent inflammatory process.
Subcooling .Out of lactation, the common causes of inflammation of the breast are:
- supercooling;
- is an infectious disease when the source of infection is present in the body;
- reduced immunity;
- benign or malignant breast tumors;
- is a breast trauma that opens up infection;
- foreign bodies( piercing or implant);
- stress.
Do men have?
In men, mastitis does not occur as often as in women, but if there are certain causes, serious inflammation of the breast can develop. The causes may be:
- endocrine disorders, which reduce the production of androgens( male sex hormones);
- adrenal tumors, which leads to hormonal imbalance - the development of estrogen( female sex hormones) begins to predominate;
- some urological diseases;
- is a metabolic disorder;
- trauma of the mammary glands with subsequent infection.
The hormonal imbalance in men( the most common cause of mastitis) in turn occurs when:
- is regularly consumed in large quantities of alcohol( especially beer),
- consumes anabolic drugs of various types( often in athletes);
- use without prescribing and monitoring a doctor for some pressure-lowering drugs and tranquilizers;
- some endocrine diseases and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Reason source: http://zhenskoe-mnenie.ru /themes/health/ vospalenie-molochnoi-zhelezy-prichiny-klinika-lechenie-kak-izbezhat-vospaleniia-molochnoi-zhelezy-profilaktika-zabolevaniia /
Inflammation of the breast in women: symptoms of mastitis
Inflammation of the breast can be acute and chronic. This inflammation usually develops in one breast;bilateral mastitis occurs in 10% of cases. Postpartum inflammation of the breast is about 80-90% of all diseases with acute mastitis.
Symptoms of breast inflammation in lactation
Inflammation of the breast is a fairly common condition that occurs in one in ten breastfeeding women. This inflammation quickly heals, but there is a risk of recurrence.
In the site of the inflammatory process, the skin becomes red, hot and inflamed, and the breast itself is very painful and dense. These symptoms appear due to the fact that the milk is not in the ducts, but in the tissues that are adjacent to the chest. In addition, the disease is accompanied by such symptoms of inflammation of the breast as:
- fever,
- chills,
- headache,
- physical exhaustion.
Most often the first symptoms of inflammation of the breast - pain in the chest, you can also find rough foci. In addition, a woman can note the temperature rise. During the progression of the pathological state, painful sensations increase.
In the area of the pathological focus of inflammation, skin hyperemia can be noted. When palpation of the axillary lymph nodes may be marked by a significant increase in their size, they may differ in soreness. The most serious condition is noted in patients with multiple abscesses, as well as with phlegmatic or gangrenous type of mastitis.
Symptoms of breast inflammation in different phases of the disease
The following phases of development of acute nonspecific inflammation are distinguished:
- serous,
- infiltrative
- and abscessed.
In the phase of serous inflammation, the gland tissue is impregnated with serous fluid, around the vessels there is a congestion of leukocytes, characteristic for local reaction to inflammation.
With the progression of inflammation, serous impregnation is replaced by diffuse purulent infiltration of the parenchyma of the breast with small foci of purulent fusion, which, merging, form abscesses.
The reaction of the body to such inflammation of the mammary gland takes a systemic character - in these cases the syndrome of a systemic reaction to inflammation develops, in fact the disease proceeds as a sepsis.
The multiple severity and gangrenous forms of mastitis are particularly severe in the course of the course. By localization nonspecific processes are divided into:
- subcutaneous,
- subareolar,
- intramammary,
- retromammary.
Diagnostic symptoms of mammary inflammation in acute mastitis
Acute inflammation of the mammary gland begins with pain and engorgement of the chest, raising body temperature.
As the disease progresses, the pain intensifies, the swelling of the breast increases, the painful foci of dense infiltrated tissue are clearly identified, and skin hyperemia appears.
Axillary lymph nodes become painful and increase in size, body temperature rises, chills appear.
In the blood there is leukocytosis, an increase in ESR.
The transition of serous form of mastitis to infiltrative and purulent occurs quickly - within 4-5 days. Extremely serious condition of patients is observed with multiple abscesses, phlegmonous and gangrenous mastitis. It is caused by the transition of the local immune-controlled system to a severe syndrome of a systemic reaction to inflammation of the breast, in which the control of the immune system is weakened.
In connection with nonspecific inflammation, symptoms of inflammation of the breast appear that are characteristic of severe systemic reaction syndrome. An increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees and higher, the pulse speeds up to 100-130 per minute, the respiratory rate increases, the chest becomes sharply painful, and increases in volume.
Skin over the foci of inflammation is hyperemic, areas of cyanosis and epidermal detachment appear.
In the blood marked leukocytosis with a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, when sowing blood sometimes it is possible to isolate the bacteria. In urine protein is determined.
The clinical picture of the disease this period is similar to that of sepsis ( purulent focus, bacteremia, severe syndrome of systemic reaction to inflammation of the breast, multiple organ dysfunction of vital organs).
Against this background, women often develop multi-organ failure with a fatal outcome!
Diagnosis of a nonspecific chronic form of the disease in mastitis is based on history data( acute mastitis, susceptibility to relapses of inflammation), objective examination( scars or fistula after dissection of the former abscess, tissue infiltration).
For differential diagnosis of nonspecific inflammation with the tumor, a biopsy of the palpable formation and a histological examination of the resulting material should be performed.
Symptoms of inflammation of the mammary gland of a specific type
To chronic specific inflammatory diseases of the chest are:
- tuberculosis, which is more often secondary,
- and also syphilis,
- actinomycosis.
Tuberculosis is characterized by the retraction of the nipple, the presence of a dense infiltrate without clear contours and enlarged lymph nodes. The diagnosis is made on the basis of the history( pulmonary tuberculosis, lymph nodes, etc.) and histological examination of the punctate or distant sector of the breast.
Breast syphilis - another chronic specific inflammation of the breast, is rare. With the primary lesion in the nipple region, the areola forms a solid chancre - a delineated ulcer with a seal at the base. In the armpit there are dense, painless lymph nodes.
With secondary syphilis, there are papules and a rash on the skin. Tertiary syphilis flows in the form of a single gum. First, a tight knot appears in the thickness of the breast, which, as it increases, infiltrates the skin, an ulcer is formed resembling a disintegrating cancerous tumor or tuberculosis.
Chronic inflammation of the mammary gland on the background of tuberculosis is clarified during the Wasserman reaction, a cytological examination of prints from the edges of the ulcer.
Actinomycosis of the breast begins with the appearance of small granulomas( nodules) and abscesses on the site of actinomycetes introduction. Subsequently, the nodules merge into dense infiltrates, which then soften in places. After opening the abscesses, long-lasting non-healing fistulas are formed. The diagnosis is based on anamnesis( actinomycosis of other organs) and the detection of clusters of actinomycetes in fistula discharge.
Inflammation of the breast in women: treatment of mastitis
First and foremost, it is necessary to know that inflammation in no case need to stop feeding the baby, because of this, the inflammation can get even worse. A sick woman should consult a doctor: if the inflammation of the breast does not go away on its own in a few days, it is quite possible that you will have to treat it with antibiotics.
It is possible to try different poses for feeding in inflammation, perhaps it will contribute to a better emptying of the chest. After feeding, it is necessary to express the milk that is left.
You can try to massage the breast easily while feeding - this will help the milk to move better along the ducts. The main thing, remember that too intensive movements can aggravate the situation.
It should be remembered that in the absence of treatment, an abscess may occur, which will require surgical intervention.
If you have been prescribed antibiotics, take a full course, even if you feel better sooner. Otherwise, there is a high probability of recurrence of the disease.
Treatment of acute mastitis with inflammation of the chest
In the initial period of acute inflammation, conservative treatment is used: the elevated position of the breast, the sucking of milk by the breast pump.
Before the definition of infectious agents, antibiotic therapy with broad spectrum agents is indicated. After the bacteriological isolation of the pathogen, the drugs are prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora. Parallel with this, intensive therapy is performed to correct metabolic shifts.
In any form of mastitis, breast-feeding is stopped so as not to infect the child. Expressed from a healthy breast of a woman, milk is used for feeding a child only after pasteurization.
Treatment of inflammation of the breast is completed by sowing milk. In the absence of growth, microflora is allowed to restore breastfeeding. In severe cases, suppression of lactation is indicated.
Assign drugs that inhibit the secretion of prolactin:
- Bromocriptine( Parlodel),
- combination of estrogens with androgens;
- restricts fluid intake.
- Tight chest bandaging is not advisable.
Indications for suppression of lactation is rapidly progressing mastitis, especially purulent( phlegmonous, gangrenous).
Surgical treatment of inflammation of the mammary gland with acute mastitis
Abscessed nonspecific purulent inflammation requires surgical treatment - opening of abscess, removal of pus, dissection of bridges between purulent cavities, removal of all non-viable tissues, good drainage by double-lumen tubes for subsequent purging of purulent cavity.
Operative treatment of inflammation of the breast is produced under anesthesia. Only with small subcutaneous abscesses is it possible to use local anesthesia. Depending on the location of the abscess, the incision is performed above the place of greatest compaction or fluctuations.
With subcutaneous and intramammary abscesses, a radial incision is made, while near-aureolar incision is arched at the margin of the areola. In the case of retroammammary inflammation, the Bardenighera incision along the lower transitional fold of the breast provides optimal opportunities for opening the retromammary abscess and closely located ulcers in the gland tissue, excision of nonviable tissues and drainage of the retroammammary space, and it is possible to open and deeply located abscesses in the posterior regions of the breast, adjacent tothoracic wall.
During the operation, remove pus, all necrotic tissues and eliminate jumper and bridles. The abscess cavity is flushed with an antibacterial solution in an inflammation and drained with one or two double-lumen tubes, through which the cavity is subsequently rinsed. Draining a purulent wound with a single-lumen tube, designed for a passive outflow of pus, does not provide sufficient drainage. From the use of a single-lumen tube, as well as tampons, rubber graduates should be discarded, since in this case it is not possible to conduct a full sanation of the purulent cavity. Puncture treatment of breast inflammation is also not recommended.
In purulent nonspecific inflammation, the abscess is opened, excised altered tissues are drained with double-lumen drainage and the wound is sutured. When inflammatory infiltrate is carried out physiotherapeutic treatment( UHF).
Treatment of inflammation of the mammary gland of a specific type
With tuberculosis of the breast, the infiltrate is excised and specific antituberculous therapy is performed.
Treatment of chronic inflammation of the breast with actinomycosis is performed by resection of the affected area of the breast with actinolysates, large doses of Penicillin, immunotherapy, and vitamin therapy.
In the initial stages of breast inflammation, conservative treatment is effective enough. Excess amount of milk in case of inflammation of the glands is sucked off with the help of a breast pump. Until the moment when the causative agent of the disease is determined, preference is given to antibiotics that have a broad spectrum of action. When bacteriological culture is ready and the pathogen is isolated, the therapy continues with antibiotics of a narrow spectrum of action.
Any form of the disease serves as a contraindication for continuing breastfeeding. If the inflammation of the mammary gland acquires a heavy current, then for treatment, agents that reduce lactation activity are used. Only after complete elimination of the pathogen, can breastfeeding be restored.
What are the causes of inflammatory breast disease?
Often, inflammation of the breast causes stagnation of milk. This happens due to the fact that too much milk is produced and after feeding it stays in the chest.
In some cases, inflammation of the breast can worsen, which leads to the development of infectious mastitis. Especially often this happens if the nipples have cracks through which an infection can enter the lymphatic system of the breast.
Most often, inflammation occurs in women who first became mothers, but from this no one is immune to the feeding of the following children. Often, inflammation of the breast occurs in the first month of breastfeeding.
Causes of breast inflammation in women with acute mastitis
The causative agents of nonspecific inflammation are usually:
- Staphylococcus aureus,
- Staphylococcus aureus in combination with Escherichia coli, streptococcus,
- very rarely Proteus,
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- Candida mushrooms.
Primary importance in women is given to nosocomial infection. Entrance gates are cracks of the nipples, ducts( with decanting milk, feeding).Infection can spread to the gland by hematogenous or lymphogenous pathway from other infectious foci. The development of the disease contributes to the violation of outflow of milk.
Chronic inflammation of the mammary gland in mastitis) can be either an outcome of acute inflammation with improper treatment, or an independent primary disease caused by a maloviral infection.
This inflammation of the breast can occur for the following reasons:
- The action of infectious agents such as streptococci, Escherichia coli, as candida and other fungal pathogens
- The greatest danger to the breast is the intrahospital infections
- In most cases, the entrance gates for inflammation are nipple cracks,which can be formed by feeding and improper nipple skin care.
- In addition to the direct route, the infection can enter the mammary gland by hematogenous and lymphogenic pathways.
Disturbance of milk outflow aggravates the inflammatory process
Causes of inflammatory diseases of the breast of a specific type
Mycobacterium tuberculosis penetrates through the milk ducts( primary infection), as well as the lymphatic pathways from the tuberculosis foci in the lung, mediastinum, axillary lymph nodes. With acute miliary tuberculosis, the hematogenous pathway of infection is possible. The following forms of breast tuberculosis are distinguished:
- nodosum,
- ulcerative,
- sclerotic
- and fistulous.
Actinomycosis of mammary glands is rare;it can be primary and secondary. The causative agent for primary actinomycosis falls into the mammary gland through the skin or along the milk ducts.
Source: http: //www.astromeridian.ru/medicina/ vospalenie_molochnoj_zhelezy_u_zhenshhin.html
Inflammation of the breast cyst: symptoms and treatment
It also happens that a cyst is formed in the female breast. The cyst can be transformed into a malignant tumor, it concerns atypical types of the breast cyst. Also common is infection, that is, the appearance of inflammation of the cyst of the breast.
The cyst of the breast is a cavitary formation, more simply, a sac that is filled with a liquid. The cyst has a shell - a capsule, which consists of a connective tissue. Cysts can be solitary( solitary) or multiple.
ICD-10 code: N61 Inflammatory diseases of the breast.
Why the breast cyst is formed and inflamed: causes
The woman's breast is an excellent aesthetic and functional organ consisting of special glandular, fatty and glandular tissues. Its very structure initially assumes a concentration in the channels of the liquid medium.
As a rule, the cyst of the breast is a benign neoplasm caused by the pulsation of the hormonal background in the woman's body. This pathology can "sleep" for many years, but its progression is marked by pain symptoms. It is rarely malignant, that is, it degenerates into a malignant tumor. But inflammation of the cyst of the breast, especially if it occurs with the formation of infiltrates, significantly increases the risk of negative transformation.
The catalyst for the formation of cysts in the mammary gland is the excess in the body of a woman of such a hormone as estrogen produced by the ovaries. It is his excessive production that triggers a mechanism of cystic fibrosis in the mammary glands. The root cause of a tumor can also be endocrine changes.
Causes of inflammation of the breast cyst may be covered in its infection - one of the complications of cystosis. To catalyze the inflammatory process can:
- Any inflammatory disease: viral infection, influenza and so on.
- Trauma applied to the area of the breast, if it has already "acquired" a cyst.
- General weakness of the body, decreased immunity.
- Thermal action on the cyst or polycystosis: visiting the sauna and sauna, applying warming compresses. Long stay under the open sunlight( especially "topless").
- Incorrectly selected underwear.
- Acute hypothermia of the body.
- Consequences of surgical intervention.
- Not observance of elementary rules of hygiene, especially when a woman feeds a baby with a breast.
- During lactation - milk stagnation in the mammary glands.
- Cracks and abrasions in the nipple area.
Inflammation of the breast cyst can also be a consequence of:
- The presence of any inflammatory processes in the body - respiratory diseases, flu, sore throats and so on.
- Injury or chest blows.
- General weakening of body immunity.
- Thermal effects on the mammary gland - compresses, baths or saunas.
Inflammation of the breast cyst: symptoms
Small breast cyst of a small size does not disturb a woman. But with an increase in the growth of the cysts in the chest there are painful sensations. The pains are interrelated with the menstrual cycle in women and begin to increase before menstrual bleeding. After passing the monthly painful feelings go away. Pain is characterized by aching, pulling or bursting moments.
Inflammation of the breast cyst is manifested in the following symptoms:
- The onset of pain regardless of menstrual bleeding, that is, periodically appearing and fading or persistent.
- Pain sensations become more pronounced and change to tugging or pulsating. It happens that the pains become so strong that women can not sleep peacefully.
- The occurrence of fever, in which a rise in body temperature can be high, to thirty-eight to thirty-nine degrees.
- As a result of fever, there are symptoms of intoxication of the body - loss of appetite, the appearance of nausea and vomiting, weakness and general malaise.
- Skin over the cyst blushes and swells, the local temperature rises.
- In some cases, there may be a discharge of pus from the nipples.
- When palpation of the chest marked sharp soreness.
Breast cyst is inflamed with prolonged existence in the female breast. Inflammatory process is accompanied by infection or suppuration. Infection of the cyst of the breast occurs due to the entry into the cavity of the cyst of various infections by means of hematogenous or lymphogenous methods. Infection can get into the cyst, also, through the cracks in the nipples.
Inflammatory processes in the cyst can lead to the development of purulent mastitis( or abscess of the breast).This development of the disease is characterized by the appearance of intoxication of the general organism, namely, an increase in the overall body temperature, the appearance of chills, weakness, general malaise, nausea and vomiting, headaches. Then, as the abscess develops, strong, painful sensations appear in the chest, and the skin over the abscess becomes red.
In this case, the local temperature in the area of development of the abscess increases, and the breast increases in volume.
Cystic neoplasm can not detect itself for a long time, and only after receiving a definite impetus, inflammation begins to progress. Gradually there are symptoms of inflammation of the breast cyst:
- In the chest area there is unpleasant discomfort.
- Puffiness gradually appears.
- Breast with internal pathology increases its size, its structure is compacted. When palpation, a slightly painful swelling of the mammary glands is felt.
- A feeling of heaviness appears in the chest.
- If there is no timely diagnosis and treatment, infiltrates can form.
- The nipple can show off unpleasant yellowish, brown, transparent or greenish hues.
- The general condition of a woman worsens.
- If a woman is breastfeeding a baby, this process can cause her pain.
- Redness of the skin in the area of inflammation can be observed.
If the inflammatory process has passed to the chronic stage, the clinical picture becomes more intense, there may be an increase in lymph nodes.
It is possible to diagnose the woman very rarely in this very pathology, especially if the cyst is of a small size. In certain positions of the body, it is able to simply hide in the tissue and fatty interlayers. But unpleasant symptoms should be troubling and cause an unscheduled visit to a gynecologist or mammologist.
Diagnosis of inflammation of the breast cyst
If you are concerned about the condition of the mammary glands, do not postpone visiting a mammologist - a specialist in this field. Diagnosis of inflammation of the breast cyst includes:
- Analysis of a woman's gynecological anamnesis.
- Patient breast examination by palpation. Even this simple method allows an experienced specialist to ascertain the presence of a cystic process.
- In the presence of nipple excretions, it becomes possible to take for analysis a smear-imprint. However, if we consider a particular cyst, this method is not sufficiently informative.
- Ultrasound examination.
- Fine needle aspiration biopsy of cystic education is one of the most informative methods of diagnosing the disease, since the symptoms of cystosis are quite in tune with the manifestations of fibroadenoma. Diagnosis of both these diseases is somewhat problematic. In the light of different treatment methods, it is simply necessary to establish the correct cause of the pathology. This medication is referred to as diagnostic methods of research, as well as to therapeutic procedures of the breast. After all, it is already possible to ascertain the cyst at the stage of puncture, being estimated with the volume of the "pumped out" liquid. If you get a liquid more than 1 ml, ascertain the presence of a cyst in the woman's breast.
Taking a puncture, the doctor pays special attention to the color of the liquid. After all, it can testify to the presence or absence of an inflammatory process in the cyst, which can provoke the formation of purulent infiltrates.
The material is also sent to a cytological study. After all, the presence of an inflammatory process increases the risk of degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant tumor.
There may be a combination of cysts with cancerous growth. Therefore, if the seal continues to palpate a couple of weeks after the puncture, two reasons for this pattern can be considered: the treatment did not give a positive result or in a history there is a deep pathology that requires more thorough study.
Treatment of inflammation of the breast cyst: drugs, drugs, tablets
Treatment of inflammation of the breast cyst in women is as follows:
- By prescribing antibacterial drugs for oral use.
- Intravenous administration of antibiotics.
- Vitamin application by oral and intramuscular route.
- Use of medicines that enhance immunity, by oral and intramuscular route.
The cyst of the breast can become inflamed due to the fact that it is in the chest for a long time. And in order to prevent its inflammation it is necessary to conduct therapy, which includes:
Hormonal treatment with progestogen and the puncture of the cyst cavity. The contents inside the cavity are pumped out using a special needle, and are sent for cytological examination. Drugs are injected into the cyst cavity, which stimulate the adhesion of its walls.
If the inflammation of the breast cyst occurs quite often or if malignant cells are detected, the cyst is removed by surgery.
As already mentioned earlier, treatment of the cyst itself can be completed at the diagnostic stage while taking a puncture. But the treatment of inflammation of the cyst of the breast is done somewhat differently, although it practically does not differ from the classical schemes of administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin complexes, immunostimulants, intravenous infusions, and, if necessary, anesthetics.
Nimesil .This drug is recommended for use only for adults. The intake is taken orally, immediately after meals. The average daily starting dosage is 0.2 g divided into two doses during the day. To prepare the solution contained in the pellet bag you need to dissolve it with warm water. In case of clinical necessity, the dosage can be adjusted both in the large and in the lower side. Nimesil is contraindicated for use in patients whose history is burdened with peptic ulcer pathology, severe kidney dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, gastric bleeding, and if a woman is waiting for a child or breastfeeding.
Nurofen .The drug is taken orally after eating, squeezed with large volumes of liquid. Adults it is attributed in a dosage of 200-800 mg three to four times a day. If the real result is achieved, the daily dosage should be reduced to 600-800 mg. Do not take this drug to people who are weighed down by heart failure, depressed blood, optic nerve disease, ulcerative diseases of internal organs, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.
Diclofenac .In tablets, this drug is taken, not chewing, inside. The tablet should be washed down with plenty of water. The daily amount of the drug taken is 0.1-0.15 g, which are divided into two or three inputs. Children's daily dose is calculated as 1 - 2 mg per kilogram of the baby's weight.
It is practiced to apply compresses on the pathological zone using solution of dimexide( water: the preparation is usually taken in a combination of 5: 1).The gauze impregnated with the solution is applied to the pathological zone, the top is covered with a cabbage leaf and wrapped.
If the inflammation has led to the appearance of purulent infiltrates - the abscess begins to progress. In this case, it is opened surgically, carefully cleaning the cavity of pus and putting drainage. In parallel, medication is prescribed in the form of antibacterial drugs
Cefepim .The medication is administered to the patient intravenously or intramuscularly( the choice of the site of injection depends on the degree of sensitivity of the microorganisms to the constituents of the drug and the state of the kidneys).Intravenously, the drug is given in case of severe forms of lesion. In our case, cefepime is administered intramuscularly. Dosage for children weighing more than 40 kg, and adults is 0.5 - 1 g( if the kidneys are working normally).Interval between injections - 12 hours. The minimum course of treatment is seven days. For babies from 2 months and those whose body weight did not reach a weight of 40 kg, the recommended dose is 50 mg for every full kilogram of the baby. In this case, the daily dosage for this category of patients should not exceed the "adult" amount of the drug.
Drug administration may cause side effects: headaches, nausea, taste changes, dizziness, vomiting, impaired renal function, diarrhea, skin rash, vaginitis, tachycardia and many other symptoms.
Ceftriaxone .This drug, like the previous one, is injected into a vein or muscle. The dose for children aged 12 years and adults is recommended once a day for 1 to 2 g of the drug. You can take a half dose at intervals of 12 hours. But do not exceed 4 g of the drug taken within a day. For newly-born children( up to 2 weeks of age), the amount of the drug is calculated to be 20 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight. Breast and toddlers who have not reached the age of 12, the amount of medicine is calculated: 20 - 80 mg per kilogram of the baby's weight. If the child weighs more than 50 kg, the recommended dose of the drug corresponds to the adult dosage.
Contraindications to ceftriaxone include only increased sensitivity to one or more of the components of the drug.
If necessary, the doctor prescribes pain medication.
Analgin .For adults this medicine is prescribed in a dosage of one tablet two to three times during the day. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed six tablets( 3 g).To small patients, analgin is prescribed at a rate of 5-10 mg per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended to take three to four meals a day. The course of therapy is not more than three days. Babies should be crushed thoroughly.
Do not take this medication in case of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to one or more components of analgin. It is contraindicated in bronchial asthma, blood diseases, severe forms of renal and hepatic dysfunction, oppression of hematopoiesis, during pregnancy and lactation.
As a vitamin-mineral complex, you can offer a multi -fort or vitrum.
Vitrum .The prescribed vitamin drink is consumed at the end of the meal. It is necessary to take one tablet a day. Admission is allowed to patients over 12 years. To contraindications, in addition to the age of the patient, individual intolerance of the drug or hypervitaminosis A.
may be assigned. In the role of immune-supporting drugs, immunomodulators :
Echinacea .The tablet is put into the mouth and is absorbed. Children over 12 years of age and adults should take one tablet three to four times a day, in case of therapeutic effect, taking echinacea should be reduced to one tablet once a week. The course of treatment should not exceed eight days.
Contraindications and side effects of this drug are not thoroughly studied, therefore it is not recommended to use it in the treatment schedules of pregnant women and women nursing babies.
Immunal .Before using the drug, its required amount should be diluted with a small amount of water. Patients older than 12 years of immunal should take three times inside of 2.5 ml. Children 6 - 12 years of age, the dosage is reduced to 1.5 ml of the suspension. The number of receptions remains the same. Dosage for babies from year to six is even less and is 1 g, taken three times a day.
To contraindications of the drug should include individual intolerance of the components of the immune, autoimmune diseases, a tendency to allergic reactions.
In case of medical necessity, the attending physician may prescribe sedatives.
Tenoten .The tablet for resorption is taken twice a day, one at a time - two pieces per reception. If necessary, the drug can be taken up to four times a day. The duration of treatment, if necessary, can go up to three months or more.
Valeriana .Water( for small patients) and water-alcohol extract of valerian are taken inside, regardless of the time of food intake. Dosage( 100 to 600 mg) is strictly individual and must be adjusted by a doctor. You can also use valerian teas.
To engage in self-treatment of inflammation of the breast cyst is not worth - it is fraught with even greater complications that can lead a woman and to cancer. In this situation, it will be right to seek the help of a mammalogy oncologist who will conduct a comprehensive examination, diagnose and prescribe the necessary treatment.
Prevention - activities
In the early stages of pathology, it is difficult to recognize and diagnose the cyst( especially independently).But you can try to protect your body as much as possible from this "misfortune".
Prevention of inflammation of the cyst of the breast includes:
- It is necessary to undergo regular physical examination( at least once a year) with a mammalian doctor.
- Periodically undergo ultrasound examination of the mammary glands.
- Blood tests for hormones will not be superfluous.
- Avoid injury.
- During breastfeeding, milk should be carefully decanted to avoid stagnation.
- After feeding, breast wash with warm water and wrap it around to protect from hypothermia.
- It's right to choose comfortable comfortable underwear, preferably from natural material.
- Maintain your immune system to the proper level.
- Do not abuse the solarium and sauna, limit the time of exposure to direct sunlight( it is especially dangerous to sunbathe "topless").
Forecast
With timely and effective treatment, the prognosis of inflammation of the cyst of the breast is quite favorable. If the necessary therapy has been performed, relapses are rare.
If adequate measures were not taken, the inflammatory process progresses and is capable of leading to the degeneration of a benign neoplasm of a tumor into a malignant tumor, suppuration and the formation of abscesses.
To prevent inflammation of the breast cyst, do not neglect regular examinations of the doctor - mammologist. And if you feel discomfort in the chest, especially, do not need to postpone the visit to him.
Medical expert-editor: Alexey Portnov, education: Kiev National Medical University. A.A.Bogomolets, specialty - "Medical business".Source: http: //ilive.com.ua/health/ vospalenie-kisty-molochnoy-zhelezy_89239i15944.html
Is there an inflammation of the mammary gland in men: the causes of development, treatment?
Inflammation of the breast( mastitis) is considered to be a female disease. However, it can develop in men, although it is rare. Inflammation of the breast in men manifests itself against the background of endocrine system diseases and is accompanied by a hormonal imbalance.
Physiological prerequisites for the occurrence of mastitis: why, the causes of
By its structure, the masculine mammary gland is identical to the female one. The difference between the glands in both sexes is only in the degree of their development.
In adolescents - boys and girls - before the onset of puberty, the breast is absolutely no different. During puberty, the mammary glands develop in women, while in men they practically remain at the same level. But, nevertheless, they are present, which means that there is a risk of mastitis.
In case of failure of the endocrine system in men, gynecomastia is observed in some cases - an enlargement of the breast with hypertrophy of the glands. Sometimes this phenomenon is accompanied by the secretion of breast milk, which is of inferior character.
The causes of the development of breast inflammation in women and men are similar in many respects. Causes of mastitis:
- Diseases that caused hormonal disorders. In the case of men, it is a question of reducing the amount of testosterone and androgens.
- Dysfunction of the gonads.
- Urological problems.
- Certain types of adrenal tumors that stimulate the production of female sex hormones.
- Diseases of the digestive system, which led to a metabolic disorder.
In addition, some hormonal imbalances can be caused by uncontrolled beer consumption, self-medication with the use of some medications, such as tranquilizers or pressure-lowering drugs, by taking anabolic drugs.
In some cases, inflammatory processes in men can develop not only in hypertrophied, but also in normal mammary gland and have an infectious character. For example, if the infection has fallen into the gland as a result of physical trauma.
Stages of development of mastitis
There are three phases of the disease: serous( initial), infiltration and purulent.
At the initial stage, mastitis manifests itself as a small swelling. The chest becomes inflamed, increases in volume, painful sensations appear. When you feel her fingers feel a small seal. In the future, tenderness and an increase in axillary lymph nodes can be observed.
The next degree of development is infiltration. During this period, an inflow of leukocytes to the focus of inflammation occurs, followed by their accumulation in this place. The puffiness of the chest increases, there is some redness, painful sensations intensify. The phase of infiltration is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Added symptoms of intoxication.
In the absence of proper treatment, inflammation from the infiltrative stage can pass into purulent, which has the most pronounced symptoms of intoxication. Pain in the chest becomes unbearably strong. When palpation feels a large hot painful compaction, over which the redness of the skin is noticeable.
Purulent mastitis is rare, but a neglected form of the disease is dangerous and can lead to an emergency condition requiring immediate surgical intervention.
Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mastitis
Diagnosis and treatment of mastitis is carried out by mammologists and surgeons.
It is important to identify inflammation at an early stage. This will avoid surgery.
Because mastitis is prone to progression and suppuration, it is not possible to postpone the visit to a doctor and do self-medication.
Clinical analyzes include a blood test with inflammatory changes and ultrasound data from the breast. These data are the main ones in the diagnosis.
During the examination, infiltration is revealed in the form of seals or abscesses - purulent foci. To identify the virus that caused inflammation, the blood test is seeded. Sensitivity to antibiotics is determined.
Treatment of inflammation of the male breast is similar to treatment of non-lactational mastitis in women. In serous and infiltrative stages, the course of treatment involves the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Serous mastitis usually resolves in 2-3 days. The treatment of infiltrative form will take about a week. If the inflammation is accompanied by a pronounced general intoxication, then a detoxification therapy is prescribed, including infusion of glucose and solutions of electrolytes.
Inflammation in the purulent stage, as a rule, requires surgical intervention. There is an opening of the inflamed area and drainage of the purulent focus.
In the treatment of mastitis in men at an early stage are effective and folk remedies, such as grated carrots, cabbage leaves, mother-and-stepmother. They are placed on the affected area and fixed with a bandage. These plants reduce inflammation and pain. In no case should warming compresses be put: in a warm environment, microbes will multiply more intensively, which will lead to complication of the disease.
Prevention of mastitis in men in the protection of the thoracic area from injuries, cuts and strokes, hygiene standards, regular examination of breast tissue to identify seals. Hormonal medications can only be taken if prescribed by a doctor.
Related videos
Mastitis: symptoms, causes, treatment
Blog of a young mother.
I found out the reason for my mastitis - napkins for feeding, a great place for the reproduction of bacteria. Caution!
I'm not a doctor, but only a woman who has been through this, so I describe only what I felt myself. Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue caused by a bacterial infection. With the appearance of the first signs of mastitis, you should immediately consult a doctor and not try to heal yourself. If lactostasis is expressed and applied to the breast immediately bring relief and are the main treatment measures, acute mastitis requires medical supervision and treatment with antibiotics.
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