From this article you will learn: smoking lowers or increases pressure. Does this depend on the type of tobacco product and the frequency of consumption of nicotine-containing products. Is there a "safe dose" for smoking, and whether this habit can be used as a way to influence the level of pressure.
Article content:
- How nicotine works on AD
- Smoking and hypertension
- Nicotine at reduced pressure
- When smoking is especially dangerous
- Conclusion
Smoking always causes an increase in blood pressure. Regardless of the type of product( cigars, cigarettes, hookah), if the smoking mixture contains tobacco, the source of nicotine, after inhaling the smoke after a few minutes, the pressure figures will increase.
Nicotine content in blood plasma after smoking The effect is not related to the number and frequency: even a small fraction of smoke, including from a nearby smoker, will have its hypertensive effect. Small arrival is characterized by a short, unstable effect. If you smoke regularly, then the action is almost constant.
Total withdrawal of nicotine from the body takes about two hours, so if you smoke with such frequency, the blood itself always contains the substance itself and( or) the products of its processing, which exert a destructive effect on the inner part of the arteries.
You can get information about the effect of smoking on the pressure in particular and the entire cardiovascular system in general from your therapist or cardiologist. They will also help in case a person has made a decision to get rid of the habit, but can not do it on his own.
How nicotine acts on blood pressure
When talking about smoking and its effects on blood pressure, it is necessary to emphasize once again that only tobacco use, namely nicotine resin, which is saturated with plant leaves, has an impact.
Chemicals contained in cigarettes. Click on the photo to enlarge If smoke enters the respiratory tract, nicotine penetrates into the bloodstream during the first few minutes, where, through the specific transmitter of impulses between the cells of nerve fibers - acetylcholine - excites the sympathetic system.
It, in turn, synthesizes a large amount of adrenaline and norepinephrine - stress hormones and activation. Under their action, physiological narrowing or spasmodic arteries of small and medium-sized arteries occur, and the pulse rate increases, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
Neurotransmitters. Click on the photo to enlarge. Thus, smoking increases blood pressure after 5-10 minutes after nicotine enters the blood. The effect lasts from 30 to 60 minutes, then the action of hormones ceases, the arteries relax and the blood pressure returns to the initial index. Such "jumps" in the case of regular intake of tobacco smoke lead to a persistent vasospasm and a permanent form of hypertension. The elasticity of the vascular wall is reduced, it ceases to relax.
Smoking and hypertension
If a person has a tendency to increase blood pressure, let alone a diagnosis of hypertension( persistent increase over 130 to 80 mm Hg), then smoking is the main risk factor for severe and lethal consequencesfrom the side of the cardiovascular system. The possibility of developing an acute violation of blood flow to the heart or brain( heart attack, stroke) is 2-4 times higher in comparison with non-smokers.
In such conditions, there is no safe amount of cigarettes or cigars a day - each of them causes damage already suffering from high blood pressure vessels.
Smoking causes:
- loss of vascular wall elasticity;
- gradual decrease in the ability of the arteries to react to the action of the hormones of the nervous system;
- damage to the inner shell of vessels.
Health problems caused by smoking. Click on the photo to enlarge All these processes lead to an even greater increase in pressure and a decrease in the effect of the drugs for its correction. It is especially dangerous to smoke in the case of hypertension, which is difficult to treat( uncontrolled) - this leads to a hypertensive crisis and a decrease in blood flow to all organs, including the brain and heart.
Nicotine under reduced pressure
Given how smoking affects the pressure, theoretically one can assume its therapeutic effectiveness when it decreases. In this context, it is necessary to recall the effect of nicotine:
- in the first stage, spasm of the arterial bed leads to an increase in pressure due to the increase in vascular resistance;
- the next step is characterized by a decrease in blood pressure to the initial figures, and sometimes lower.
Processes of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation The duration of tobacco exposure to vessels is maximally limited to one hour, usually less. After the termination of the action in the nerve fibers, there is a deficit of activation hormones, which under conditions of low blood pressure worsens the general condition of a person.
Given these facts, using nicotine as a means to combat hypotension is inexpedient, not to mention even the rest of its far from beneficial effects on all organs and systems of the body.
When smoking is particularly dangerous
Everyone constantly repeats the dangers of using tobacco products to a smoking person: from medical workers to the media. But there are a number of pathological conditions, when nicotine can cause heart failure precisely because of its influence on pressure.
- Pheochromocytoma is a non-malignant neoplasm of the adrenal gland with high hormonal activity. The intake of nicotine stimulates the tumor to produce even more adrenaline, which is fraught with a hypertensive crisis and a violation of cardiac contractions.
- Myocardial infarction in an acute period( the first hours and days) - in conditions of unstable blood flow in the myocardium, any pressure changes can lead to a repeated block of cardiac vessels and the death of an even larger part of the muscle.
- Unstable angina is a violation of blood flow to the myocardium against a spasm of the heart vessels. Smoking causes vasoconstriction, an increase in blood pressure, which, against the background of the existing problem, can result in a major heart attack.
- Stroke - acute cessation of blood flow in the brain, in 80% of cases is associated with increased blood pressure. Nicotine in such conditions becomes a deadly substance, sharply weighting the process.
- Tachyarrhythmias - irregular heartbeat with an increase in frequency of more than 90 beats per minute. Smoking in this case enhances the pathology of the rhythm, and against a background of high blood pressure this is the cause of acute disorders of blood flow and death.
- Hyperthyroidism is a high functional activity of the thyroid gland, whose hormones have hypertensive action. Their combined action with nicotine enhances the effect of each other and leads to a cryogenic increase in pressure.
Conclusion
Smoking and pressure, which increases when nicotine enters the blood, is a major risk factor for the occurrence and deterioration of the course of vascular and cardiac disease.
The main thing to remember about smoking:
- no safe dose - even a small amount of nicotine has a negative effect on blood vessels and pressure;
- is not a means for correcting low pressure - the effect is short-lived, and in the future the state only worsens;
- nicotine with existing problems with the heart and blood vessels - the cause of the progression of the disease and the occurrence of severe complications;
- there is no good and bad kind of smoking - any form of tobacco use has a negative effect;
- The rejection of nicotine quickly leads to a reduction in risk, but it becomes the same with never-smokers only after 8-10 years.
