Nutrition for fatty hepatosis

With the pathology of the digestive system, along with medicinal therapy, there is a therapeutic diet. It allows to provide functional rest to the organs and to reduce the load from the stomach and intestines, which are often involved in the pathological process.

Diet for fatty liver hepatosis helps to normalize lipid metabolism. The dietary table is prescribed taking into account the etiology of the disorder and accompanying pathologies. Adhere to the therapeutic diet should be from 3 months.

What diet is prescribed

Acute fatty hepatosis, as a rule, develops due to poisoning with ethyl alcohol, arsenic, phosphorus, dichloroethane or against the background of drug therapy (when taking large doses of tetracycline). Chronic fatty hepatosis is formed as a complication of the underlying disease.

It appears with obesity, alcoholism, protein and vitamin deficiency (for example, with poor nutrition or GI disease), poisoning with chemical compounds or bacterial toxins, diabetes, viral hepatitis. To fatty infiltration of the liver can lead to fasting.

When the diet is prescribed, the features of the course and the stage of the underlying disease are taken into account. For example, if fatty hepatosis develops due to obesity, then a diet is first prescribed that will help reduce weight. It is developed individually depending on the age, degree of obesity, sex and physical activity of the patient.

With a decrease in body weight, there is a decrease in the percentage of adipose tissue in the liver. However, a sudden weight loss can lead to the formation of steatohepatitis due to the inflammatory process that has arisen against the background of excessive intake of free fatty acids into the gland with low peripheral lipolysis. Therefore, patients must reduce weight under the supervision of a specialist.

Patients with obesity are prescribed a diet No 8P. It involves a decrease in the intake of proteins in the body to 90 grams, fats to 70 grams (half of them must be of vegetable origin) and up to 200 grams of carbohydrates. The energy value is up to 1800 kcal. If rapid weight loss is required, this figure can be reduced by a factor of three, but then the patient is under the control of doctors in the hospital.

If fatty liver infiltrates develop due to diabetes mellitus, then simple carbohydrates should be excluded from the diet, and complex ones are significantly limited. Thus, it is possible to improve the metabolism. If the cause of steatosis is excessive consumption of alcohol, then alcoholic beverages are placed under strict prohibition.

This is due to the fact that acetaldehyde, a product of the decomposition of ethanol, affects the activity of enzymes that carry fatty acids into the mitochondria, and this disrupts metabolism and leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. The patient is additionally prescribed vitamin therapy, which will make up for the lack of nicotinic and ascorbic acid, B vitamins.

With liver disease, alcohol is prohibited

With fatty liver infiltration, patients with a weight within the norm are given a diet No5, which will help restore the impaired functions of the gland and its ducts, and provide mechanical shaking of the digestive tract. The diet should include the optimal amount of protein and vitamins, and a reduced amount of fat. According to the recommendation, the patient should consume 100 grams of fat and protein per day, 450 grams of carbohydrates.

During the exacerbation of pathology, the No5A diet is prescribed, which contributes to the normalization of liver functions, and also provides mechanical and chemical shaking of the stomach and intestines. It provides a normal amount of proteins and carbohydrates (100 g and 400 g, respectively), but limited consumption of fats up to 80 grams and table salt. The energy value is reduced to 2500 kcal.

Features of therapeutic nutrition

With steatosis, more lipids enter the liver than are excreted by the formation of lipoproteins. Consequently, the treatment of fatty liver hepatosis involves reducing the intake of fat and cholesterol in the body, as well as increasing in the diet products that affect the formation of lipoproteins, and substances that protect liver cells from destruction.

Features of the diet for fatty hepatosis:

• all dishes are steamed, baked, boiled or stewed. To eat fried and cooked in deep fat is prohibited;
• grind to a puree state only meat with veins and vegetables rich in fiber;
• Do not eat below 15 ° C, because cold reduces the secretion of gastric juice and strengthens motor skills;
• meals five times a day;
• free liquid 1.5-2 liters;
• from the diet are maximally cleaned products that contain cholesterol. It must be limited to 300 mg per day. It is recommended to abandon by-products, fatty meat, dairy products, smoked products, not to eat red caviar and chicken yolk;
• Do not eat foods that are rich in purines (mushroom, meat, vegetable, fish broth, dishes from offal, fatty fish, smoked meat, sharp and salty cheeses with low fat content, caviar, caffeinated drinks, beans), essential oils (parsley, celery, tarragon, basil, dill, garlic, onion, citrus peel), oxalic acid (cocoa beans, rhubarb, spinach, beet, sprouted wheat, peanuts, black chocolate), as well as fat oxidation products that are formed when frying meat, fish or birds;
• replace solid animal fats with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Do not consume fat, fatty meat with veins, butter. Fats are best obtained from seafood, nuts, unrefined vegetable oil, fish, olives, dietary meat;
• add to the diet products that improve liver function and promote the formation of lipoproteins, as well as prebiotics that restore the intestinal microflora.

How to accelerate the restoration of liver function

Important in fatty hepatosis is an increase in the diet of lipotropic substances that contribute to preventing or delaying fatty liver infiltration. Lipotropic substances include choline, methionine, caseins, lecithins, inositol, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), folic acid.

For example, choline, together with triglycerides and cholesterol, is involved in the formation of lipoproteins, which enter the bloodstream. Thus, the synthesis of lipoproteins is the main way to remove lipids from the liver. If choline is not enough, the synthesis of lipoproteins does not occur in sufficient quantities, and triglycerides and cholesterol remain in the liver, which leads to fatty infiltration of the gland.

Insufficient concentration of choline happens and relative, for example, when entering the body with food a large number of cholesterol and triglycerides

Thus, the treatment of fatty hepatosis involves the intake of a large number of lipotropic substances and a reduced intake of fats and cholesterol. The source of methionine, an amino acid that is part of proteins, is cottage cheese, herring, cod, catfish. Choline is in the egg yolk, liver, wheat, rice, oatmeal, meat. Phosphatides are present in unrefined vegetable oil. Many lipotropic substances in beef, seafood, soy.

Lipotropic action has polyunsaturated fatty acid, phytosterol, fiber, lecithin, iodine. Essential fatty acids are found in vegetable oil (corn, linseed, sunflower), fatty fish. Lecithin in large quantities is in buckwheat, chicken yolk, milk whey. Iodine is found in sea kale and seafood.

It is important to drink plenty of fluids. In a day you need to drink from 1.5 liters of water. It helps the liver to remove toxins, thereby removing the load from it. A greater detoxification effect can be achieved if you add citrus fruit juice to the water.

What you can and can not eat with the disease

When drawing up an approximate diet menu, remember that diet table No5 allows you to consume milk and sour cream only as an addition to a prepared dish, butter and vegetable oil should not be heat treated, and dairy products and curd are recommended to choose low fat. Vegetables and fruits can be eaten both fresh and boiled, which will greatly diversify the menu.

The more foods rich in lipotropic substances are present in the diet, the faster the triglycerides are released from the liver

From the diet it is desirable to remove legumes and vegetables, in which fibers (coarse fiber) are clearly visible, for example, white cabbage, turnip, radish, radish. Also, you should limit the use of sour berries and fruits. You can not add spices or spices to the dishes, as well as sauces (mayonnaise, mustard, ketchup).

Whether it is possible to eat this or that product at disease, the attending physician will define, considering accompanying pathologies of the patient. Nutrition for fatty liver hepatosis can both accelerate recovery, and provoke complications or increase symptoms of pathology, so it is important to adhere strictly to the prescribed diet. Since even during diet therapy the body must receive the necessary daily dose of trace elements and vitamins, it is better to make an approximate menu for a week together with a nutritionist.

With the diet allowed the use of many products, so you can make a fairly diverse menu. Since you can eat most of the vegetables and fruits, then with the healing diet, the body receives all the necessary vitamins and microelements, which means that the diet is prescribed for several months or even is recommended on a permanent basis.

After improving the condition and reducing dyspeptic manifestations, with the permission of the attending physician, you need to gradually expand the diet. For the fastest recovery of the liver, the following foods are recommended:

• vegetables that contain a rough fiber (potatoes, beets, carrots, tomato, zucchini, pumpkin), as well as artichoke, asparagus;
• greens and leafy vegetables (lettuce leaves, basil, dill, parsley, celery, broccoli);
• not refined and not deodorized olive, linseed, sunflower or mustard oil;
• honey. Helps hepatocytes recover and stimulates the secretion of bile;
• fruit (apple, grapefruit, banana, lemon, plum, lime), as well as avocados, figs, raisins, dried apricots.

This food helps to "clean" the liver, as it removes toxins, removes heavy metals and pesticides, is a source of vitamins and folates that purify the liver and improve bile secretion.

Allowed meals for liver disease

To improve exchange-recovery processes in liver cells, you need to consume more foods that have vitamin A, E, K, C, as well as B vitamins. Thus, vitamin A accelerates the regeneration of hepatocytes, stimulates separation of the liver secretion, vitamin E regulates fat metabolism, vitamin C inhibits the destruction of liver cells, reduces the risk of fatty degeneration of the organ.

Chronic fatty hepatosis with alcohol abuse or because of infection can go to chronic hepatitis, as well as into steatofibrosis, if liver tissue begins to be replaced by fibrotic fibers. If the structure of the lobes of the liver has not changed, then the disease is reversible, but the disease must be treated for a long time. With drug therapy and observance of the No5 diet, the severity of fatty liver infiltration decreases after 3-6 months.