Effective antibiotic for sinusitis

Antibiotics for the treatment of genyantritis

The last century is called "the era of antibiotics." Having received the medicine acting on the causative agent of the disease, the doctors urgently included him in the treatment of all infectious diseases, in pharmacies they were in free sale, and patients themselves prescribe therapy. This led to the development of mass resistance to the main groups of antibiotics, the development of allergic reactions.

New means based on plant raw materials for the treatment of inflammatory processes have been synthesized. At present, the absence of a bactericidal (destroying) effect of antibiotics on viruses and fungi has been proven. They are completely useless in the genyantrites caused by influenza viruses, adenoviruses, herpes, with complications of measles and chicken pox.

Sinusitis - an inflammation of the nasal sinuses often complicates the common cold. Antibiotics for sinusitis are used in cases of radiographic confirmation of the disease. Question: "What antibiotics to drink at a genyantritis?" - Excites every patient, tired of a headache, a cold and the absence of nasal breathing. Let's try to figure out the most effective treatment for sinusitis, we can be sure.

When to start taking antibiotics for genyantema

The disease begins with a common cold, which is not paid attention or trying to apply drops in the nose. But the headache, dilating pains under the eyes joins, the temperature rises, and the nose is so clogged that you have to breathe with your mouth. Clinical symptoms are confirmed by an additional examination. The doctor prescribes antibiotics for sinusitis after the first treatment of the patient.

How to take an antibiotic depends on the severity of the condition. You can choose from tablets, injections, drops or sprays.Sprays have advantages over tableted treatment and drops: there is no unnecessary effect on the gastric mucosa, the medicinal preparation in a concentrated form is delivered almost to the place of inflammation, it is convenient to use.

Drops with a vasoconstrictor are prescribed at the initial stage of sinusitis to facilitate breathing. Correct introduction of drops into the nasal passage is carried out in the prone position with the head turned to the side. Recommended remedies such as naftizine, galazoline, xylenes.

The drops "Sinupret" have antiviral activity, do not cause an allergic reaction. Made from famous herbs. They are not buried in the nose, you have to take it for treatment. Given the safety of drops, sinupret is used in the treatment of a common cold in children; there are no contraindications other than individual intolerance.

Sinusitis can cause serious complications

• inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis);
• the appearance of isolated suppuration (abscess) in the brain substance;
• persistent loss of sense of smell;
• inflammation of the branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves;
• transition of the process to the orbit and the bone of the upper jaw;
• spread down the respiratory tract to the trachea and bronchi.

Therefore, timely treatment of sinusitis with the use of antibiotics serves as a reliable solution to possible problems.

Use of antibiotics in sprays

The combination of a convenient form of administration and antimicrobial action makes it very effective to use a spray form of antibiotics to treat sinusitis.

• Bioparox (fusafungin) - nasal aminopeptidny spray, has a strong nebulizing property, deeply penetrates into the tissue. It is active against staphylococci, streptococci, fungi, Recommended for the treatment of fungal and bacterial sinusitis. Of the side effects known: redness of the skin, numbness of the nasal mucosa.
• Isophra - spray based on the antibiotic framicetin, a member of the aminoglycoside group, has a wide spectrum of action. Allergic reactions are possible.

What antibiotics are more often used for genyantritis

Usually prescribed penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin), sporidex, augmentin. There are antibiotics of more powerful action, they constitute a group of "reserve" for the treatment of sinusitis. Because of side effects do not apply for sinusitis in pregnant women and in the period of breastfeeding.

Most Popular

• Macroben (midecamycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The negative consequences include: skin rash, stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), loss of appetite, dyspnea associated with bronchospasm. Gives a cross-allergic reaction with drugs containing aspirin. It is not recommended in the treatment of sinusitis with concomitant liver damage, in children up to three years.
• Zitrolide - belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics, it also has a wide range of effects on various pathogens. Less toxic. Side effects are observed in the form of bloating (flatulence), pain along the bowels, insomnia, palpitation and pain in the heart. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with chronic severe diseases of the liver and kidneys, elderly people with a disturbed rhythm of the heart, children under 16 years old.
• Azithromycin is an analog of zitrolide. Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea (diarrhea), allergic reactions.

Rules for taking antibiotics

It must be remembered that

• whatever remarkable antibiotics the doctor has appointed, they will only work in a sufficient dose. Do not arbitrarily increase or decrease dosage.
• The course of treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial drugs in drops, tablets, sprays or injections must be brought to an end. Usually it's 7-10 days. Otherwise, a very unpleasant process of drug resistance to the drug is developing.
• Long-term treatment with antibiotics is one of the reasons for the development of intestinal dysbiosis, in which useful intestinal microorganisms are destroyed.
• If you are hypersensitive to some medicine, tell your doctor.
• During treatment, it is strictly forbidden to take alcoholic beverages.
• When buying an antibiotic in a pharmacy, pay attention to the expiration date, it is indicated on the package.
• The appearance of any incomprehensible symptoms on the background of antibiotic treatment should be reported to the doctor in charge.

The use of antibiotics to treat sinusitis in children

Children often have acute sinusitis as a complication of normal rhinitis. More than adults have an allergic component in the disease, so pediatricians must prescribe drops in the nose with anti-allergic drugs. Antibiotics are not always needed.

Sprays for children should not cause burning sensation in the nose. Often prescribe sprays from sea water to wash the nasal passages.

The use of drops of vasoconstrictive action should be limited to three to four days.

The most frequent antibiotics recommended for children

• Amoxicillin - even prescribed to the newborn in the form of a suspension (mix granules with water).
• Solutab flemoxin is a combined preparation containing the antibiotic aminophylline. A syrup or suspension is also prepared.
• Cefuroxime is an antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins. It is part of the drugs: aksetina, zinnata and zinatsef.
• Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are part of nasal sprays of polidex and isophra. Isofra is shown for children older than a year, polidex is older than 2.5 years.
• Sumamed (azithromycin) from the group of macrolides is the least toxic antibiotic. It is prescribed to children from six months to three years in the form of a suspension. The elder - in tablets.

The era of antibiotics was over, but they did not stop using them. The attitude towards these funds has become more reasonable. The sale of antibiotics in pharmacies is limited to prescription instructions of doctors.

ingalin.ru

Effective antibiotics for the treatment of genyantritis

To treat sinusitis (inflammatory process of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses), as a rule, drug therapy is used in the form of antibiotics. The cause of sinusitis are inflammatory and infectious processes, such as: measles, scarlet fever, otitis with complications, influenza, pathological processes of the upper respiratory tract.

There are cases of severe allergic sinusitis, which may appear as complications after the transferred operations, as well as chronic diseases, which naturally reduce the body's defenses of a healthy person.

When are antibiotics prescribed?

Treatment of maxillary sinusitis in 95% of clinical cases occurs with the use of antibiotics. But, the appointment of such should occur only under the guidance of the attending physician. In this case it is forbidden to engage in any kind of self-medication, as this can only harm, and not help.

The first thing you need to do in the treatment of sinusitis is to see a doctor for the most accurate diagnosis and the appropriate treatment.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are prescribed not at the will of the patient, but only for medical reasons. If the treatment of sinusitis can do without antibiotics, then of course, it is better to eliminate the disease more "harmless" means. But, again, no patient can independently determine the severity of his condition and the need to consult a doctor.

Characteristic signs of genyantritis

How does a person understand that he is sick with sinusitis? For this, it is worth paying attention to a number of characteristic features in the form of a rapid increase in temperature body, deterioration of the patient's state of health, the presence of pain while probing the area around the nose and forehead. At a genyantritis at the person the temperature can rise, will start to pawn a nose, from a mouth periodically there is a pus during expectoration.

In the presence of the above symptoms, a person urgently needs to consult an otolaryngologist.

With genyantritis, unpleasant nasal discharge naturally appears in the form of pus or clear mucus. If the discharge from the nose is absent and the patient's state of health deteriorates rapidly, this means that the maxillary sinuses are completely filled. In this case, the person feels pressure in the forehead and upper part of the nose. When the head is tilted forward, the pain in the maxillary sinuses is only intensified.

Acute sinusitis is accompanied by a high body temperature, a painful sensation throughout the body, weakness, fatigue.

Because of stuffy nose, a person can not breathe fully, his sleep is disturbed, appetite disappears, apathy to everything, the emotional state is disturbed.

To diagnose sinusitis in a patient, he needs to seek advice from an otolaryngologist. The specialist directs the patient to an X-ray or to a CT scan.

If the patient is indeed marked with genyantritis, then in the pictures of the nasal sinuses dark areas will be detected, indicating an increased accumulation of pus.

In some cases (rarely), the doctor can perform a bacteriological culture of the nasal swab necessary for the final diagnosis.

Expediency of antibiotic treatment

Not always the treatment of genyantritis with antibiotics is advisable. To apply a medication in therapy, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the cause of the disease.

Experienced doctors-otolaryngologists note - improper use of antibiotics in some cases may to be ineffective, and besides, - considerably will prolong the process of recovery of the patient.

For example, with allergic sinusitis, antibiotics for treatment are not recommended. Also, if the cause of sinusitis is a fungus, then in this case, antibiotics will only aggravate the state of things. In case of viral sinusitis, which occurs in a sufficiently easy stage (this should be determined by the attending physician), treatment of sinusitis consists exclusively in frequent washing of the nasal sinuses and inhalations.

When should I apply antibiotics?

Antibiotics should be used when:

• High body temperature;
• Intoxication of the body;
• With severe pain in the paranasal sinuses;
• With abundant purulent discharge.

What antibiotic to choose?

The most effective is the antibiotic, after which the patient has a significant relief within 72 hours.

When the organism is damaged by bacteria in the form of streptococcus or staphylococcus, penicillin antibiotics are prescribed in the formAmosin, Amoxicillin, Flemoxin, Ampicillin, Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Ecoclav.

If the patient has intolerance to antibiotics containing penicillin, then in this case, an alternative can be usedZitrolide, Sumamed, Macroben or Clarithromycin.

In severe sinusitis apply Cefuroxime or Ceftriaxone. Effective in the treatment of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses -Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and also Moxifloxacin.

In the nasal sinuses it is recommended to drip antimicrobial drops -Isofra, Bioparox, Polidex.

Antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis are prescribed in an individual form, taking into account the severity of the patient's condition, the presence purulent damage of the maxillary sinuses, as well as possible allergic reactions to this or that antibiotic.

It is most appropriate to select an antibiotic with a preliminary microscopic examination of the nasal smear, as well as rapid assessment by Gram (certain pathogenic microorganisms contained in the secretions are colored in a particular color). Only in this case, treatment of genyantritis with antibiotics will be effective. If the treatment is not correct, then a person can change one antibiotic after another, while the sinusitis passes into a chronic stage (which can not be tolerated).

medportal.su

Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults: names of tablets for treatment

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which in most cases is a consequence of acute sinusitis.

The name of the disease comes from the name of the maxillary sinuses of the nose, which are affected in the inflammatory process - the maxillary.

For the first time the symptoms of pathology were described several centuries ago by an English scientist named Gaymor, hence the name.

Among adults, about one in ten people suffer from acute or chronic sinusitis - these figures give an idea on the extent of the prevalence of this pathology and understand the importance of finding the optimal remedy for sinusitis.

More than 10% of cases of acute respiratory viral infection are diagnosed with acute sinusitis caused by the attachment of bacterial infection and corresponding complications.

Given that an adult is infected with ARVI about once a year, we can say that the sinusitis risks everyone. And the latest static data on sinusitis - this pathology is on the fifth place in the list of infectious diseases that need to be treated with antibiotics.

What antibiotics are used - how to choose a medicine

There are general principles that guide the doctor, choosing the best antibiotics for sinusitis for adults.

It can not be said that this medicine is the best antibiotic for sinusitis, and it will certainly help everyone, like mucolytics. First of all, the symptoms of the disease, the degree of their severity, the characteristics of the patient are evaluated.

All antibiotics, which can treat sinusitis in adults, are divided into three large categories.

Preparations of the first line

These include those antibiotics for sinusitis, which are most effective at genyantritis and are the drugs of choice. They are appointed adults first. It:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Clarithromycin.
3. Azithromycin.

All these tablets from sinusitis are usually well tolerated and give excellent results with timely and correct use, like mucolytics.

Preparations of the second line

Drugs from this group of antibiotics are prescribed if the patient lives in a region in which a high level of ENT diseases caused by resistant microorganisms is recorded. They are prescribed to adults, if the symptoms of sinusitis do not disappear after a course of therapy with antibiotics of the first line.

This group includes such tablets from sinusitis:

• Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid;
• Fluoroquinolones;
• Cephalosporins of the 2nd and 3rd generation.

Such drugs can treat both chronic and acute sinusitis.

Injuries in genyantema

There is a separate category of patients with the so-called nosocomial sinusitis. In this case, tablets from antritis antimicrobial effect are not effective, antibiotics should be administered intravenously. Injection prescribe such drugs:

1. Meropenem.
2. Imipenem.
3. Cefuroxime.
4. Cefotoxime.
5. Ceftriaxone.
6. Gentamicin.
7. Tobramycin.

Each medicine from the above has its own peculiarities of the impact on the body with genyantritis, they need to be taken in different dosages and according to different schemes.

Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider in detail each of them, in order to understand when and what it is best to treat sinusitis.

Penicillins in the treatment of genyantritis

Treatment of maxillary sinusitis with antibiotics from the penicillin group is the most reliable and safe. Usually these tablets from a genyantritis are well transferred, they are appointed or nominated to patients of any age.

They can be taken during pregnancy and lactation, as well as mucolytics. Numerous official studies have confirmed that these drugs do not have a negative effect on the fetus.

Amoxicillin and its derivatives refer to first line drugs in sinusitis. But they do not always manage to treat atypical strains effectively. Some bacteria are able to produce beta-lactamases - substances that can destroy the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic.

Antibiotics from the penicillin group are unprotected, and if the sinusitis is caused by pathogenic microorganisms capable of producing beta-lactamase, to drink Amoxicillin in tablets is meaningless - the symptoms will not disappear, and the disease will progress.

Antibiotics from the group of macrolides with genyantritis

Alternative drugs of choice, if unprotected penicillins could not eliminate the symptoms of sinusitis - macrolides. These medicines do not have a lactam ring. Consequently, they will be effective even against those strains whose microorganisms are capable of producing beta-lactamases.

Macrolides are more active than unprotected penicillins with respect to the Moraxella bacteria. They can be used in the treatment of acute sinusitis if the patient suffers penicillin intolerance. Most often from this group appoint Clarithromycin and Azithromycin.

Clarithromycin.

This is a second-generation macrolide. It is effective against virtually all microorganisms that can cause acute or chronic sinusitis. Take the drug in this dosage - 500-750 mg twice a day.

Clarithromycin is most effective if taken at regular intervals. The course of treatment lasts no less than 7 and not more than 10 days. Dosage and duration of treatment can be adjusted if necessary by a doctor.

Azithromycin.

This drug is a 15-member macrolide. It has a long half-life. Therefore, the treatment schedule and its duration are radically different from the use of other antibacterial medicines.

On the first day, 500 mg of the drug should be taken once. Then you should take 250 mg daily for four more days. The total duration of treatment is five days.

Treatment of sinusitis with second line antibiotics

If both penicillins and macrolides prove to be ineffective in the treatment of sinusitis, they pass to treatment with antibacterial drugs of the second line. To select the right medicine, the patient's material is first sown to establish sensitivity to various antibiotics.

How can it be determined with empirical prescription of drugs that strains of the microorganism are resistant to the drugs being taken, what are the symptoms indicating this? Infection with antibiotic resistance of the first line by microorganisms can be assumed if no improvement in the patient's state of health is noted after 2-3 days after the initiation of therapy.

Symptoms of an organism intoxication at an acute sinusitis:

• Heat;
• Headache;
• General weakness.

If they do not disappear, but are retained or become stronger, despite the administration of Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin, they proceed to treat pathology with second-line antibiotics. These are fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid

Above it was said about the main and essential shortage of Amoxicillin - because of the presence of the lactam ring, it loses its activity in case of infection with microorganisms that are capable of producing beta-lactamases.

Therefore, it is best to select an alternative antibiotic, to sow the contents of the maxillary sinuses of the patient. This will allow one hundred percent to accurately determine whether the patient is sensitive to certain antibacterial drugs and which is better to choose. What is the difficulty?

In order to get the contents of the maxillary sinuses, it is necessary to make a puncture - puncture of the paranasal tissues with a special syringe and mucus from them. This is a rather complicated and serious procedure that requires strict adherence to sterility. Not all patients agree to it, because often it is necessary to immediately switch to the selection of second-line drugs.

There is an antibiotic that retains all the properties of Amoxicillin, but is immune to penicillinase. Such preparations are called protected penicillins, these are combinations of Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

This is Augmentin in tablets, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav. According to studies of physicians, the effectiveness of treatment of sinusitis with these medicines is more than 90%.

The dosage of amoxicillin protected by clavulanic acid is determined by the doctor, taking into account the nature of the disease and the degree of its manifestation. Adults are prescribed from 500 to 1000 mg once a day.

Cephalosporins in tablets as alternative drugs

Cephalosporins in the form of tablets from the common cold of the second and third generation are alternative second line drugs that are also effective in treating sinusitis. For oral administration, one of the following drugs is selected:

1. Cefuroxime.
2. Cefpodoxime.
3. Cefixime.

In pharmacies most often this antibiotic of the second line from the group of cephalosporins is offered from three different manufacturers - Ceforoxime Sandoz from the German pharmaceutical company, Zinnat from Glaxo producer and Aksef product from Medochemi company, located in Cyprus.

Cefuroxime is active against most known strains of microorganisms that can cause acute sinusitis. He is also not prone to penicillinase. The standard dosage of the drug is 250 mg twice a day at regular intervals.

Cefpodoxime.

These tablets are a third generation antibiotic. The main difference between the preparations of this group of cephalosporins is their effectiveness against gram-negative pathogenic microflora. Ceppodoxime in liquid form for injection is distinguished by a very high level of bioavailability. But in tablets this same substance, on the contrary, is absorbed by the intestine badly.

In the pharmacy it can be found as tablets of various dosages of Cefodox from the Jordanian pharmaceutical company - 100 and 200 mg in one tablet. Less common drug Tsepodem of Indian origin. It is more affordable, but the effectiveness of doctors give preference to Cephodox.

The intestine absorbs Cefodox in tablets by little more than half. This is a fairly low rate, because in no case can you change the dosage and schedule of the drug prescribed by your doctor.

Usually 200 mg of the drug are indicated twice a day. Duration of treatment - up to 10 days.

Cefixime.

The drug refers to antibacterial third generation drugs on a semi-synthetic basis. Has a significant disadvantage - low activity in relation to gram-positive microorganisms. For example, Staphylococcus aureus, which is often the causative agent of acute and chronic sinusitis, is resistant to Cefixima.

The drug is poorly absorbed by the intestine, its bioavailability is even lower than that of Cefpodoxim - only 40-50%. As an alternative medicament, an antibiotic, Suprax, can be considered, which has the same efficacy, but is absorbed better by the dispersible form of release.

Less common, but also can be used as an analogue of the Indian drug Ixim and tablets from the Macedonian company Panzef.

Antibacterial injections for sinusitis

Do you really need antibiotics pricks in sinusitis - this issue still remains controversial for domestic otolaryngologists. Of course, getting immediately into the blood, the antibiotic several times faster than the pill, starts to act, eliminating the symptoms of sinusitis. But is there a need for this?

On the one hand, it is easier for a doctor to immediately prescribe an antibiotic for parenteral administration, which will definitely work than pick up pills whose effectiveness is only hypothetical. On the other hand, the patient is only too glad to get rid of the impassive nasal congestion, purulent discharge, a headache and at last to normally breathe, in this case puncture at a genyantritis often helps or assists.

Therefore, when the otolaryngologist prescribes a prescription of antibiotics in a liquid form for injections, assuring that this is the only way to deal with the exhausted disease, the patient agrees without hesitation, takes the prescription and obediently goes to the pharmacy.

The duration of treatment with the help of injections is the same as treatment with antibiotics in tablets - from 7 to 10 days. And the result is usually noticeable. But the side effects in most cases are so great and serious that after the treatment of sinusitis it is necessary to pass to treatment of other internal organs and restoration of the completely destroyed immunity.

So are injections of antibiotics necessary for sinusitis? Yes, there are situations when one can not do without them. Parenteral administration of antibacterial drugs is indicated for nosocomial maxillary sinusitis. The causative agents of the inflammatory process are mainly gram-negative microorganisms with high resistance to antibiotics.

Aminoglycoside antimicrobial agents are active in bacteria of this type. In this case, empirical appointments are inexpedient, it is mandatory to make culture sowing to detect the sensitivity of bacteria, and then, according to the results, select an antibiotic.

In conclusion, we offer a cognitive video about antibiotics for sinusitis.

stopgripp.ru

What drugs are used to treat sinusitis, the most effective remedy for sinusitis

Since the time of zemstvo medicine, when there was one doctor in the whole district, whose specialization was surgery, the treatment of maxillary sinusitis was reduced to the principle "where there is pus, wider open".

The wall of the maxillary sinus under local anesthesia was pierced with a wide needle or trocar, after which it was drained with pumping out purulent contents.

This practice existed in the eighties of the last century, leading to the successful disposal of acute sinusitis, but increasing the risks relapses that led to subsequent punctures and the formation of a chronic fistulous passage between the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity.

With the appearance in the pharmacological assortment of a large number of various antiseptics and antibacterial agents, The treatment of sinusitis has passed to a new qualitative level and is now conducted in the majority of cases conservatively.

To the credit of modern otolaryngology, it should be noted that the abandonment of the surgical route led to very decent results, both with direct treatment of the disease, and in terms of long-term results. Much less chronic process became, much less stress experienced by the patient, relieved of the need for painful and scary surgical manipulation of the puncture.

What are the real possibilities of medicinal treatment of sinusitis today, and how to choose the least expensive and an effective drug set (to treat sinusitis with a single drug has not yet learned)?

What are the medicines used for sinusitis?

Since the basis of the inflammatory (catarrhal or purulent) process in the maxillary paranasal sinus is infection (more often microbial, less viral or fungal), then by treating the antritis, the drugs choose antimicrobial, antiviral or antifungal.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics - a favorite brainchild of medicine of the 20th century, however, is not the best cure for sinusitis. If the treatment is carried out in a clinic equipped with a decent baklaboratoriya and before the beginning of treatment, the detachable sinuses is sown on the subject of determining the pathogen and its sensitivity to the antibiotic - it's a little thing.

It remains to choose the drug that shows the greatest activity against the microbe. In this case, one has to take into account that the result of the analysis (sensitivity in vitro) may not coincide with the real working conditions of the antibiotic in the body.

Therefore, immediately choose the strongest drug (in the absence of contraindications and, in the first place, allergic reactions to it). Most often, antibiotics are prescribed empirically, that is, experimentally, based on indications (the presence of yellow or green discharge from the nose, the body's temperature reaction). In this case, a wide-spectrum drug is selected that is active against the majority of potential activators of sinusitis.

Penicillins

For today, they have already lost in the struggle to the majority of microorganisms. And especially staphylococci, which are on the third place among the causative agents of acute or chronic sinusitis (after streptococci and hemophilic rod). However, often in the absence of crops, therapy begins with inhibitor-protected penicillins, which contain additional additives that prevent bacteria from destroying the drug. In addition, penicillins are still an effective tool in the fight against streptococci, which can cause severe complications of the kidneys and joints, as well as secondary rheumatic valvular heart disease.

The most popular tablets are Clavulonate Amoxicillin under the trade names Panklave, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav and Powder for Suspension Augmentin. Sulbactam Ampicillin with names Ampixid in tablets and injections, Unazine, Sultamycillin in injections.

Amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, active against golden staphylococci, pyogenic and pneumonial streptococci, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria, moraxella and Klebsiella. Thus, it covers most of the spectrum of potential activators of sinusitis. In tablets, the drug is taken in children at the rate of 40 mg per kg of body weight in three divided doses per day. For people over 12 years, 1 tablet (125 mg + 250 mg) every 8 hours or tablet (125 + 500 mg) every 12 hours. The course of therapy is 7 days.

Cephalosporins

The cephalosporins of the second (Cefaclor) and the third (Ceftibuten, Cefixim) generations, because of widespread use, have now made room for and have given way to macrolides. However, in the conditions of budget deficit and growing prices for medicines, they still have not left the stage.

Cefixime (Suprax, Panzef, Tsemideksor) - pills that suppress the growth of hemophilic rods, streptococci, moraxelli, Klebsiella). In half it is excreted by the liver and kidneys. 400 mg of the drug are taken once a day or in half the dosage twice (in adults and children over 12 years). Among the side effects: skin allergy, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatic growth transaminases, dizziness, headaches, drop of white blood cells and blood platelets, rarely - interstitial nephritis. The drug is contraindicated for allergies to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Macrolides

Macrolides (Azithromycin, Jozamycin, Clarithromycin) are used in tablets and suspensions in children and adults in courses of 3-5 days. They show similar activity to inhibitor-protected phellenines with less resistance of microorganisms.

Azithromycin (Azitralum, Sumamed, Hemomycin) tablets of 500 or 250 mg are used at a dosage of 500 mg once daily. Side effects are similar to those of cephalosporins. Drugs are undesirable for allergies to macrolides, are questionable when used in pregnant and lactating women.

Fluoroquilones

These are drugs exclusively of adult practice, since they still refer to reserve funds and should be used in extreme cases, so that the cross-insensitivity to bacteria does not develop. They have the property of killing bacteria by blocking their DNA. Lomefloxacin (Lomeflox, Lomacin, Xenacvin), Ciprofloxacin (Infipro, Quintor, Zindolin), Ofloxacin (Glaoufos, Zanotsin, Kirol), Norfloxacin (Negaflox, Loxon), Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin (Sparflot).

Locally antibiotics

Local antibiotics sprinkle in the form of a nasal spray: Framicetin (from the group of aminoglyosides, Isofra). The medicine is used 4-6 times a day for 7-10 days.

Antiseptics

These are the drugs of choice in the treatment of viral sinusitis. Since the majority of viral antritis is treated with antiviral drugs is expensive and useless (most of the drugs do not have solid evidence base), the main goal in viral sinusitis is to ensure a decent outflow from the sinuses and try to sanitize the nasal cavity:

• Dioxydin in 1% solution. It is taken from the ampoule into a 10 ml syringe. From which it is buried in the nasal passages, which can also be washed with the drug. The remedy, in fact, is a powerful antiseptic, killing the majority of viruses and bacteria, which is undesirable to swallow "so as not to harm the stomach." In children's practice is not used because of toxicity. For the same reasons, it is not used in pregnant and lactating women.
• Miramistin is a chlorine-containing antiseptic of the widest spectrum of action. It has no color, smell and practically taste. In adults it is used for washing, and for children for instillation into the nose. May cause local allergy. Not contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Read more here.
• Furacillin in solutions of 0.02% is used to wash the sinuses. At home, the solution is prepared from two tablets and a glass of water. For washing, use a baby syringe or a 20 gram syringe. The ENT doctor uses an apparatus consisting of a leading tube through which a solution and suction pump is pumped into the nasal passage to pump it out. The course of washes consists of 3-10 procedures, can be complicated by otitis. Furacillin is bitter enough, but it is not dangerous to swallow it in small amounts (which usually happens when rinsing).
• Prothorgol is a solution of silver, very effective in the bacterial process in the sinuses, especially in children. It is digested 2-3 drops in each nasal passage for 7-10 days. For today, it is rarely used under the pretext of accumulation of silver ions in the body and its chronic poisoning, which according to the fair opinion of the otolaryngologists of the Soviet school is complete nonsense. The tool worked, works and will work, while it is prepared in pharmacies. The agent is suitable for 2 weeks if stored in a refrigerator.

Bacteriophage solutions

Again, the Soviet operating time, forgotten and clogged with the antibiotic lobby of the pharmaceutical industry. With staphylococcal or klebsiellosis maxillary sinusitis in children's practice and resistant microflora - worthy preparations for topical application in the form of rinses or drops in the nose.

Solutions for washing the nose

Dolphin, Aquamaris, Salin, Akvalor is a tricky advertising trick selling saline (0.9% NaCL, that is, sodium chloride solution) at the price of decent antibiotics. Rinse your nose with sinusitis is not harmful, it is harmful to pay for a solution of table salt fabulous money. So for a bottle of sterile saline solution of 20 ml you will have to pay no more than 40 rubles.

At the same time, a 10 ml bottle of Aquamaris costs more than 110 rubles, Saline for 30 ml - from 137 rubles, and 30 bags of Dolphin, each gram of powder in each cost 190 rubles.

The same audience that patented versions of saline are recommended as less safe (it's not clear why), that is, children, in general, the lavage of the nose at home is not subject to the high risks of secondary inflammation of the middle ear.

A couple of words on how to rinse your nose correctly. Before washing, it is necessary to stand over the sink, bending forward at a right angle. After a deep breath, the breath is delayed. The washing container is firmly attached to the nostril. Then it slowly rises so that the solution flows out of the opposite nostril. Washed one, then the other half of the nasal passages and, if possible, sinuses. Remains of the solution are removed from the nasal passages by active blowing out.

GeloMirtol and GeloMirtol Forte

This is an alternative to antibiotics in the fight against sinusitis. This homeopathic drug, oddly enough, works. This effective remedy for sinusitis in combination with dioxin can cure acute uncomplicated sinusitis for a week. It is based on myrtole, supplemented with cineol, limonene, pine, rapeseed oil.

The whole mixture is encapsulated in a gelatin capsule that dissolves in the intestine. The drug has a weak antibacterial, anti-inflammatory effect, and improves the outflow of secretions from the sinuses and nose. Contraindicated with allergies to drug components, bronchial asthma, cholelithiasis, in the first trimester of pregnancy and in children under 6 years.

Nasal drops

Drops can drip during a genyantritis, but it should be not any what, and correct drops:

• Clean vasoconstrictors with maxillary sinus dripping is not desirable. The duration of their application (with a strong nasal congestion, interfering with sleep) should be limited to five days. Means of this group: Xylometazoline (Otrivin, Galazolin, Ximelin), Nafazolin (Sanorin, Naphthysine), Oxymetazoline (Nazivin, Nazol).
• Much more preferable is a mixture of essential oils (Sinupert, Pinosol, Sinuforte) or combined drops: vasoconstrictive phenylephrine in combination with antiallergic fenistilom (Vibrotsil) or Rinoflumitsil (acetylcysteine, improving the outflow and vasoconstrictive thiamine heptane sulfate).
• There are also Polydex (vasoconstrictive with antibiotic and corticosteroid), Rinoprint (antihistamine and vasoconstrictor), Dr. Taiss Nasoline (eucalyptus oil and vasoconstrictor xylometazoline).
• Sinuforte is a cyclamen from a genyantritis in the form of an extract of lyophilizate and juice of tubers. 2-3 drops are sprayed into each nasal passage once a day for two weeks. The drug is prohibited for pregnant and lactating. It can cause local allergy, therefore it is contraindicated to allergic people. Also, it should not be used for polyps in the nose and unregulated hypertension.

Auxiliary drugs

These are antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs (Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol), as well as antiallergic agents 2 and 3 generations, reducing edema of the mucous sinuses and nose (Loratadin, Desloratadine, Cetrin, Zinnerit, Claritin, Clarisens).

Thus, treatment with antibiotics of sinusitis is not a necessary condition for successful conservative therapy. It is much more important that edema should be eliminated, the outflow of sinus contents adjusted, and the local sanation of the inflammatory focus should be carried out.

zdravotvet.ru

Medicamentous treatment of sinusitis: what drugs are used for genyantritis

Genyantritis is one of the most common diseases faced by millions of people around the world.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the maxillary sinus (maxillary sinus).

Due to certain features of the structure of this sinus, the mucus that forms as a result of the disease can not be excreted out of the sinus naturally and stagnates.

Medical treatment of sinusitis is selected depending on the cause that caused the disease, as well as the stages of development and the form that the disease took in each specific situation. If the treatment scheme for this disease is not chosen correctly, then in the future it can lead to a variety of unpleasant consequences, among which can be called, for example, loss of vision, meningitis or septicemia.

Antibiotics for sinusitis

Flemoxin Amoxicillin Sumamed Azithromycin Zinnat for children

There are three types of pathogens that can cause this disease:

• Bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, anaerobes, streptococci, as well as hemophilic infection and Moraxella catarrhalis can be the causative agents of maxillary sinusitis.
• Viruses. Causes ARVI and ARD, in which the amount of mucus in the sinuses of the nose increases significantly, which leads to inflammation, to which the bacterial component can also join.
• Fungi. They become agents of the disease in people with weakened immunity, as well as diabetes, leukemia or AIDS.

It is important to know

It is only the qualified otolaryngologist who can make a correct determination as to which version the disease belongs to, after conducting an examination and giving directions for some analyzes. He also prescribes the necessary treatment of sinusitis with the most effective medicines.

The choice of drugs for sinusitis and the program of procedures completely depend on which causative agent caused the disease and on the severity of the patient's condition. In any case, treatment should be directed both at direct destruction of the infection, to minimize pain and reduce swelling of the sinuses by removing accumulated mucus.

So, what kind of drugs can be used for the treatment of medicinal treatment of sinusitis?

Antibiotics. One of the main causes of sinusitis is pathogenic microorganisms. In this case, the treatment of maxillary sinusitis with antibiotics becomes effective.

However, it is worth noting that in this case too short or, on the contrary, an excessively long course of treatment can only do much harm. In particular, if the course of taking antibiotics lasted only 3-4 days, then there is a fairly high probability that you will get sick again.

In the event that the treatment period lasts for more than two weeks, the bacteria can become immune to the antibiotic. In this situation, the doctor can prescribe a course of an antibiotic, then recommend switching to another, so that the causative agent of the disease is not accustomed to the active substances used for the treatment of drugs. Nevertheless, taking antibiotics often gives visible results within 48 hours after taking a headache and it becomes much easier to breathe.

Essential preparations

Sinupret Bioparox Derinat Miramistin SinuforteMalavite

Vasoconstrictive drugs. Used for topical application and serve to reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa and restore the drainage of the nasal sinuses. Such drugs are most often sprays, ointments and nasal drops. Vasoconstrictors should be instilled in the nose or laid in the nasal passage with a small moistened tampons. It is most advisable to use vasoconstrictive drops in combination with the administration of ointments of a longer duration.

For example, one of the popular vasoconstrictors for the treatment of common cold in adults and children: Nazivin and Nazivin child.

Antibacterial drugs. Amoxicillin, erythromycin and azithromycin will help you to fight infection successfully. It should be noted that the treatment with drugs such as amoxicillin, with genyantritis in its chronic form can only be in periods exacerbation, in this case it is preliminary to determine by means of analyzes the degree of sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics.

Hyposensitizing drugs. Such drugs are the best remedy for sinusitis caused by various allergic reactions. Among the most suitable antihistamines for this purpose are terfenadine, loratadine and others.

Nasal drops

Isofra Rinoflumucil Dioxydin Xylen Polydexa Children's Nazivin Sanorin Children's OtryvinNazonexPinosol

Mucolytic agents. Excellent liquefy mucosal discharge and help to withdraw them from the sinus cavity. To this end, most often used guaifenesin, which effectively works even in small doses.

Corticosteroids. Powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that can significantly reduce mucosal edema and improve the drainage of nasal sinuses. Nevertheless, it is worth remembering that hormonal drugs are absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy, old age, severe forms of diabetes, mental illness, as well as gastric ulcer.

It is strictly prohibited to use Isophora during pregnancy or breastfeeding, since all preparations of aminoglycoside series have a toxic effect on the fetus, which can lead to serious consequences for the health of the child.

Corticosteroids with medical treatment of sinusitis are used mainly in combination with antibiotics.

It is important to know

In order to prevent unwanted complications and side effects in the treatment of corticosteroids, adhere to a diet rich in proteins and vitamins, and limit the intake of chlorides in the body. If necessary, the doctor can additionally prescribe potassium preparations.

Homeopathic Remedies. Due to raw materials of natural origin, from which the preparations of this group are made, homeopathic remedies do not cause side effects and addictions. Activates the body's defenses. Correctly selected by a homoeopathic doctor, a remedy for sinusitis can begin to have a beneficial effect on the body within the next 15 minutes.

Quite often, in combination with drug treatment of sinusitis, a wide variety of physiotherapy procedures, including warming up, as well as laser therapy and other methods of treatment. Also can appoint antiviral immunomodulating agent Sinupret. It is available in the form of drops, syrup, blue syrup (tablets).

It is worth remembering that at the first signs of maxillary sinusitis you should immediately consult a doctor, because only timely treatment will get rid of this disease.

gajmorit.com

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