Symptoms of bronchitis in an adult

Signs of bronchitis in adults

Symptoms of bronchitis may vary depending on the type of bronchitis, the causes of the disease, the causative agent of bronchitis and the characteristics of the patient's body.

Types of bronchitis

Bronchitis- an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, triggered by a cold, SARS, influenza, adenovirus, chlamydia, mycoplasmal, banal infection. The development of the disease is associated with a decrease in the general resistance of the organism, a decrease in the protective mechanisms of the immune system to the action of various pathogens - viruses, bacteria and fungi, as well as the action of various chemicals, allergens. Overcooling, stress, overwork, contact with patients during an epidemic situation - all this gives impetus to the onset of bronchitis. If a person starts bronchitis, the causes of its appearance and determine the classification of bronchitis in adults:

• Toxic-chemical - can occur with a general poisoning of the body, inhaling poisonous and toxic air vapors
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• Infectious - appears under favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria, including atypical pathogens - chlamydia, mycoplasma.
• Viral - most often is a complication of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza, and also it is caused by adenoviruses, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial and other viral infections
• Tuberculosis - caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis in the development of tuberculosis in the bronchi
• Mycobacterial - a rare species, occurs when the bronchi are affected by nontuberculous mycobacteria
• Allergic - against the background of allergic reactions of the body can occur and allergic bronchitis. Progression of which can provoke obstructive bronchitis in adults and even the emergence of bronchial asthma.

Types of bronchitis downstream:

• Acute - diffuse inflammation of the bronchi, characterized by a sharp onset and with proper treatment subsides for three to four weeks. Most often it is of an infectious nature, occurs with ARVI, influenza.
• Chronic - a progressive inflammation of the bronchi, manifested by a constant cough, but not associated with lung damage. Currently, it is the most common form of respiratory disease. If the cough lasts 3 months a year in total and so for 2 years, then this is a sign of chronic bronchitis in adults. It is characterized by an alternation of phases of fade-out and exacerbation phases. In chronic bronchitis, symptoms are a triad - cough, sputum and shortness of breath. Sputum almost always in the mornings from meager to plentiful from mucous to purulent. Shortness of breath is more pronounced, the stronger the sclerosis in the bronchi or emphysema in the lungs. Since the symptoms are nonspecific, chronic bronchitis is always differentiated from lung cancer and bronchiectasis.

Types of bronchitis for development:

• Primary - by name it is clear that it is localized on unchanged bronchi as an independent disease, while the pathological process does not go beyond the bronchi.
• Secondary - occurs as an additional manifestation, a symptom against the background of another disease, as a complication of other pathological process.

Signs of bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis- Signs of bronchitis in adults of infectious nature with mild disease are characterized by the following:

• Cough is dry, with time passing into the moist
• Weakness, feeling of weakness
• Discomfort in the chest
• Subfebrile temperature, sometimes high
• Hard breathing, dry wheezes
• The blood test does not change

If the moderate bronchitis, the symptoms in adults are as follows:

• A strong cough and as it overstrains muscles this leads to pain in the chest and stomach
• General malaise, weakness clearly pronounced
• Difficult breathing appears
• Sputum is mucopurulent or purulent
• Breath hard, rales dry and moist fine-bubbly

Allergic bronchitis -signs of bronchitis in adults are manifested when a person tends to allergic reactions. In contact with factors that cause allergies, for example, feathers and down of birds, animal hair, household chemicals, perfumes, cosmetics, dust, seasonal pollen of plants appear and the symptoms of allergic bronchitis. Its feature is that sputum when coughing is not purulent in nature and body temperature does not increase. The disease stops as soon as contact with the exciting allergen ceases.

Allergic bronchitis - symptoms:

• the temperature does not increase
• dry scattered rales appear
• breathlessness on exhale
• labored breathing
• exacerbation in contact with an allergen is quickly replaced by remission after limiting the provoking factor

Toxic bronchitis, chemical bronchitis- the disease of the respiratory tract begins due to the entry into the respiratory tract of various acid vapors, organic and inorganic dust, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Signs of bronchitis in adults of toxic-chemical origin are:

• loss of appetite
• headache
• agonizing cough
• shortness of breath, even asphyxiation
• stitching pain in chest
• increased respiratory failure
• increases in hypoxemia
• cyanosis of mucous membranes
• hard breathing
• dry wheezes

Acute bronchitis - symptoms:

• severe cough, first dry, then moist
• high temperature 38-39 degrees
• general malaise, weakness
• increased sweating
• chills, fatigue, lack of working capacity
• symptoms can be pronounced, or moderate
• when listening - hard breathing, scattered rales
• pains in the chest
• with a serious course of the disease - dyspnea
• duration of acute bronchitis 14 days

With prolonged nature of inflammation and inadequate treatment, as well as with further decrease of immunity, acute infectious bronchitis becomes chronic. Acute bronchitis is most often treated without the use of antibiotics, but in some casesantibiotics for bronchitis in adultsare needed. With any cough, general malaise, the patient should examine the doctor and send for radiography, for clinical blood tests. Usually, these methods for diagnosis and differentiation of bronchitis is sufficient.

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Treatment of bronchitis in adults

If this disease is treated lightly, it can develop into more serious pathologies. In non-neglected cases, the treatment of bronchitis in adults can be performed both in the hospital and at home. There is no single recipe that is suitable for everyone. To answer the question, how to cure bronchitis, it is necessary to understand what kind of illness it is. Physicians define it as an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa caused by infection or external factors.

Symptoms of bronchitis

For all types of bronchitis in the first stages are common symptoms. The main are: a strong cough, sweating, chest pain, general weakness of shortness of breath, body aches, elevated body temperature. Symptoms of bronchitis can disturb a patient both during the day and at night. Often this leads to sleep disturbance, a disorder of the nervous system. Depending on the causes of the onset, several major types of bronchitis are distinguished:

• acute;
• chronic;
• the smoker's bronchitis;
• obstructive;
• allergic.

Acute

This type of bronchitis develops against the background of influenza, acute respiratory viral infection or tonsillitis. It is difficult to recognize such a "transition" independently. The symptoms of these diseases are similar (they can occur simultaneously):

• cough - paroxysmal, deep, accompanied by sputum, sometimes "barking";
• hoarseness;
• sore throat;
• weakness;
• elevated temperature (can last for several days);
• headache;
• difficulty breathing;
• coryza;
• a spasm in the chest.

With a mild course of acute bronchitis, some symptoms may be absent. The duration of treatment directly depends on timely diagnosis, proper therapy. The recovery period for bronchitis in adults is 10-20 days. If the treatment does not help, and the disease does not recede, consult a doctor, he will prescribe the necessary procedures and suitable pills for bronchitis for adults. The main difference between the acute form of pathology and other types of disease is that it is contagious.

Chronic

A distinctive sign of chronic bronchitis is the periodicity and duration. Periods of exacerbation often occur in the cold season. It is more difficult to get rid of such bronchitis than from an acute form, as it is characterized by residual phenomena, even after the course of treatment. Over the years, the disease can progress, take more severe forms. Identify this type of bronchitis can be on the characteristic symptoms.

Doctors diagnose the chronic form of the disease, if cough is present for more than three months a year, for two consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Shortness of breath even with a little physical exertion. This is explained by the deformation and blockage of the bronchi that occurs with chronic bronchitis.
• Increased fatigue.
• Cough. With this form of the disease, it is persistent, uninterrupted, with a slight separation of sputum, recurrent. It is very difficult to stop the seizures.
• Bronchospasm.
• The color of sputum can be from yellow to brown, depending on the stage of the disease.

Smoker

What is the smoker's bronchitis is well known to people who have this bad habit. It occurs due to the ingress of combustion products and harmful substances into the lungs. This form of the disease is characterized by a continuous cough with sputum discharge. Attacks of morning protracted cough begin immediately after awakening, repeated throughout the day. Bronchitis smoker begins as a one-sided, but eventually flows into a two-sided. If treatment is not performed, the disease progresses, leading to the development of pneumonia and chronic cough.

Obstructive

For any bronchitis, the main symptom is a cough. In obstructive form, seizures occur in the morning, after going to the cold, at the beginning of physical activity after rest. Often cough accompanied by spasms of bronchi. With this form of the disease, there is a shortness of breath after physical activity. At first, shortness of breath appears only after severe stress, but over time it occurs during daily activities or at rest. The main causes of obstructive bronchitis in adults:

• Professional. The causative agent is harmful substances contained in the environment (for example, in hazardous industries). Getting into the body, they become the main cause of obstructive bronchitis.
• Genetic. Determined by the method of taking tests and passing the survey.

Allergic

In contrast to chronic or acute bronchitis, it is not infectious, so the use of antiviral drugs to treat the allergic form of the disease does not make sense. This type of pathology arises because of the acute sensitivity of the organism to any substance. Diagnosis of allergic bronchitis in adults will help list the symptoms:

• Increase in temperature during exacerbation of bronchitis.
• There is a relationship between external stimuli (the use of certain foods, finding near animals, taking medications) and coughing attacks.
• The manifestation of uncharacteristic symptoms for bronchitis, for example, rashes on the skin.
• Cough with bronchitis of allergic form - continuous, paroxysmal in the daytime.
• The wheeze, whistling as you exhale.

Diagnosis of the disease

To make an accurate diagnosis, the patient should consult a doctor - lung specialist. Only a specialist is able to prescribe the correct treatment for bronchitis in each individual case. It is not recommended to diagnose independently and engage in self-medication. For accurate diagnosis of pathology, adults are assigned such examinations and tests:

• bronchoscopy;
• listening to the patient with a phonendoscope;
• sputum analysis;
• fluorography;
• computed tomography of the lungs (only with chronic bronchitis);
• general blood analysis.

How to treat bronchitis in adults

If you do not know what means of treatment of bronchitis in adults are effective, self-medication should not be engaged. Lack of necessary care can lead to the fact that the disease will remain untreated. Treatment of bronchitis is not limited only to drug therapy. The complex approach successfully used physiotherapy: UHF treatment, inductothermal interblade area and halotherapy. The standard standard for the treatment of bronchitis includes 4 stages:

1. Refusal from smoking, proper nutrition.
2. The use of bronchodilators (salbutamol, erespal), the mechanism of their action is to stimulate the receptors, which leads to an expansion of the bronchi.
3. The use of expectorant and mucolytic drugs that help to withdraw phlegm.
4. The use of antibiotics (Augmentin, Biseptol) and antiviral drugs (Cycloferon).

Bronchodilators

Preparations of this group contribute to the removal of bronchospasm. According to the type of action, these funds from bronchitis are divided into three types: adrenomimetics, cholinolytics and combination preparations. They should be considered in more detail:

1. Adrenomimetics. Relax muscles in the walls of the bronchi, removing the spasm. An example of such a drug is Salbutamol, which is used for asthmatic and chronic bronchitis. It is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age, pregnant. Produced in different forms of the drug, there is a choice - take it inside or stab intramuscularly.
2. Cholinolytics. They have a pronounced bronchodilating ability. A bright representative of such drugs is Erespal. It is an anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator. Children under 14 years of age are prescribed as a syrup. Contraindicated with intolerance to one of the components of the drug.
3. Combined preparations. Combine the actions of cholinolytics and adrenomimetics. Example - Berodual (International nonproprietary name - Ipratropium bromide + Fenoterol). The actions of the components of the drug strengthen each other, which leads to a high effectiveness of treatment. The drug facilitates the condition with a dry or productive cough, it starts to act after 10-15 minutes.

Expectorant

The action of expectorants is aimed at excretion of sputum. This is a prerequisite for the treatment of bronchitis in adults. If the body can not independently get rid of a large amount of sputum, it stagnates, and the pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply actively in this environment. More often than other means doctors prescribe to adults such expectorants:

• Mukaltin. It liquefies viscous sputum, facilitating its release from the bronchi.
• Means based on the herb thermopsis - Termopsol and Kodelak Broncho.
• Syrup Herbion, Stoptussin phyto, Bronchicum, Pertusin, Gelomirtol - are based on medicinal herbs.
• ATSTS (acetylcysteine). Effective means of direct action. It has a direct effect on sputum. When you receive an erroneous dose, you may cause diarrhea, vomiting, and heartburn.

Antibiotics

If the bronchitis is bacterial in nature, then antibiotic treatment is prescribed. With a viral infection, they are useless. To select effective antibiotics for bronchitis, it is necessary to conduct a sputum examination. It will show what bacteria caused the disease. The list of antibiotics is now very wide, they should be selected by a doctor. Here are the main groups of such medicines:

• Aminopenicillins - Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin. The effect of these drugs is aimed at suppressing harmful microorganisms, but they do not cause harm to the patient's body.
• Macrolides - Macropen, Sumamed, Azithromycin, Clacid. Directly block the multiplication of bacteria.
• Fluoroquinolones - Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin. Antibiotics of wide action. They are used to treat bronchitis, chlamydial infections, etc.
• Cephalosporins - Cefazolin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone. Effects on microorganisms resistant to penicillin.
• Flemoxin solute. Analog of Amoxicillin. Quickly absorbed into the blood. The form of release - tablets.

Inhalation

Treatment of bronchitis in adults with the help of inhalations is carried out using the following groups of drugs:

• antiseptic agents,
• anti-inflammatory,
• vasoconstrictor,
• hormonal,
• mucolytics;
• expectorating,
• immunomodulators,
• antibiotics,
• bronchodilators.

The advantage of this method is the rapid absorption of the drug. Preparations with bronchitis have a very wide range of actions, the best option is to choose only a doctor. For inhalation, such devices are used:

1. Steam inhalers. Effective in bronchitis are inhalations with essential oils and medicinal herbs.
2. Thermal Inhalers. Are one of the most affordable devices for conducting procedures at home. With such inhalations, alkaline solutions and phytopreparations are used.
3. The nebulizer. One of the most effective devices. With its help, treatment is performed at any stage of bronchitis. The device turns medicines into tiny particles that easily reach the focus of the disease.

The range of drugs for inhalation with the use of nebulizer is very wide. In the treatment scheme is often used Pulmicort or Ventolin (prevents and eliminates bronchospasm). The latter is contraindicated in pregnancy, children under 2 years of age and with individual intolerance to the components of the medication. Some medications for treating bronchitis, such as Ambroxol, in addition to tablets and ampoules for intramuscular injections are also available as a solution for inhalation.

Ointments

Treatment of bronchitis in adults is carried out with topical preparations. To do this, ointments based on animal fats are used. They are applied by rubbing on the skin in the area of ​​the bronchi. The positive effect of the treatment is achieved by carrying out a gentle massage while applying the product. The ingredients have a warming effect, making the cough wet and lightening it. Ointments for the treatment of bronchitis can be purchased or prepared independently at home. Before using any of them it is necessary to conduct an allergy test.

Ready-made ointments are more convenient to use and more effective in the treatment of bronchitis, they contain much more useful substances. One of these drugs - Dr. IOM, which has a minimum of contraindications, is allowed for adults and children. Another popular treatment for bronchitis is bearish fat. It is applied either inside or outside. For the impact through the skin, balms Dr. Thyss, eucalyptus, "Star", Bom-Benge ointment and Bormentol, badger fat can be used.

Treatment with folk remedies

In the treatment of bronchitis in adults can be successfully used as pharmacy drugs, and cooked according to the recipes of traditional medicine. These drugs and procedures are less effective, and the course of admission lasts much longer. Here are the folk remedies that have proven effective in the treatment of bronchitis in adults:

• Aloe with honey. It is administered orally for half an hour before meals. A mixture is made of aloe, honey, melted lard and chocolate, taken in equal proportions.
• Propolis. An alcohol tincture of this remedy is made and added to tea and herbal infusions of 15 drops. It has antibacterial properties.
• Milk with soda. Successfully applied for chronic form of the disease and bronchitis of the smoker.
• Potato inhalation. Proceed according to the scheme: boil potatoes in a uniform, remove from a plate, bending over a hot pan, inhale the steam for 10 minutes. To keep the potatoes cool, cover your head with a large towel.

• Syrup of cranberries on vodka. Rub the berries (100 g), squeezing the juice, mix them with sugar (50 g). After bringing to a boil the syrup cool, and add a glass of vodka (200 ml). To withdraw phlegm, take 2-day before meals.
• Bathhouse. Part in it only after consulting a doctor.
• Warming. These procedures are carried out with a mixture of honey, mustard powder and flour (homemade mustard) or castor oil and turpentine. The mixture is superimposed on the chest area and on the back and left for the whole night. As a warming agent, papillary patches are also used.
• Compresses. For compresses used honey-oil, potato-soda mixture. Honey compress is superimposed on the back, insulated with cotton wool and left on the patient's body until the morning.

Treatment of pregnant women

Medications prescribed for the treatment of bronchitis in adults (eg, Biseptol, Levomycetin) are strictly contraindicated in pregnant women. A complete lack of therapy can lead to fetal hypoxia, a threat of abortion, bleeding and other negative consequences. An x-ray examination, prescribed for diagnosis of the disease, is strictly contraindicated.

If you suspect a bronchitis, you should see a doctor. After the examination, he will prescribe the necessary treatment, which may include:

• Abundant drink. Milk, herbal tea, tea.
• Anti-inflammatory herbal decoctions for sore throats.
• Means that facilitate a dry cough - breastfeeding, lime tea, milk with honey.
• Performance of exercises of respiratory gymnastics and physiotherapy exercises.
• If a woman lives in an area with poor ecology, it will be useful to visit a sanatorium.
• Physiotherapy (appointed only by a doctor).

If the cough does not pass in a month

Long-term treatment of bronchitis in adults at home often leads to the emergence of dangerous complications. If the cough does not go away after a month, contact the clinic. Refusal of treatment or hope for knowledge of pharmacist pharmacist, in adults and elderly people may become the cause of bronchodraheitis, purulent infection, tracheobronchitis, tracheitis and long rehabilitation.

If you followed all the doctor's prescriptions, took a medicine for bronchitis, but there was no improvement, the therapist should send you to the hospital with the transfer of the protocol of treatment. In the hospital, additional tests will be performed, you will be prescribed medication (antibiotics for adults, antiviral drugs) and procedures (dropper, physiotherapy procedures).

Video advice on the treatment of bronchial cough

Treatment of bronchitis is carried out by different methods. Remember that cough treatment is only part of complex therapy. Having looked at the videos below, you will find out which signs are the first to indicate the presence of bronchitis, what is the folk remedy for this disease. In the final video, the famous pediatrician Komarovsky will explain by examples how one can not treat bronchitis (mentioning homeopathy).

First signs

Folk methods

Komarovsky about how you can not treat bronchitis

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Symptoms and treatment of bronchitis in an adult without fever

Now more and more common are common diseases that occur with symptoms that are not characteristic of them. Colds began to leak without temperature. Bronchitis is no exception. But why does this disease occur without a characteristic symptom, and how to treat it?

The usual bronchitis is formed as a result of the penetration of bacteria or viruses. These viruses usually cause a rise in body temperature. But there are other cases. If there is no temperature with bronchitis, then this is alarming. Can there be bronchitis without temperature? Bronchitis can also proceed in a lighter form, that is, without raising the temperature. Here you can learn more about the symptoms of bronchitis without fever.

Forms

1. Acute.This form of bronchitis without temperature is very rare.The body gets viral infections, and the likelihood of getting sick with a violation of the function of cleaning the bronchi is very high.Cough worries not only during the day, but also often torment at night. The more the disease develops, the more sputum begins to increase. First the sputum is yellow, and then green. There is a common cold, general malaise, weakness. This form of the disease lasts from 10 to 20 days.
2. Bronchitis obstructive. First it starts to develop as a normal form. But after a couple of days there is a cough, and soon there is shortness of breath, with breathing it's very difficult to exhale. Horns can be heard from afar. This form can appear in both adults and children. Accompany as a temperature, so proceed without it. It describes the symptoms and treatment of obstructive bronchitis.
3. Recurrent form. Most often, this disease affects children before school. And the virus enters the body 3 or 4 times a year. In this regard, the body gets used to the disease, so there may not be temperature.

   In the picture - symptoms of bronchitis

4. Plastic form. If such a form of bronchitis occurs, then a mold can be formed in the bronchi. He clogs the lumen in the organ, which causes shortness of breath, coughing, pain in the sides. Interestingly, these symptoms are accompanied by normal body temperature, or vice versa, a decrease occurs.
5. Chronical bronchitis.In this form goes, when the cough torments for several months. Doctors speak about this form when coughing torments at least 3 months a year. In autumn and winter there is an exacerbation of the disease. Cough can be very similar to asthma attacks. Chronic bronchitis affects the deeper layers of the bronchi, there is scarring. As a result, lung tissue can also be affected. It is better not to allow such a protracted shape. Here you will find recipes for the treatment of chronic bronchitis. Preparations for the treatment of chronic bronchitis are described here.

Having studied these forms of the disease, it is possible to understand the reasons for the temperature:

• form and complexity of the course of the disease;
• individual features of the body.

If the disease is started, complications may appear. With improper or untimely treatment, the disease is aggravated. The most important thing is that a chronic form may appear. Complications can be such as:

• bronchopneumonia;
• emphysema of the lungs;
• pneumonia;
• acute respiratory failure;
• inflammation of other organs, where bacteria and infection could get to.

On the video - the symptoms of bronchitis in an adult without a temperature:

Symptoms

1. Sore throat.
2. A persistent cough that tortures a fairly long time.
3. Plaque in the throat on the tonsils, with the throat does not blush.
4. Appetite disappears, the skin of the skin pales.
5. At times, the patient becomes better, but the symptoms can occur again.

When bronchitis is dangerous:

• treatment started late;
• recommendations appointed by the doctor are not respected;
• immunity of the patient is weakened;
• smoking and bad habits.

To avoid complications, you need to turn to a specialist in time. It is best to take tests, then the cause of the disease will be clear. If it turned out that bronchitis is obstructive, then it is necessary to drink a course of antibiotics. Read what antibiotic is better for bronchitis adult. If the cause is a virus, then antiviral drugs will help.

The video tells about the signs of bronchitis in an adult without temperature:

Treatment

Treatment of bronchitis without temperature will be almost the same as with the temperature. The only thing that should be excluded from treatment is the use of antipyretic drugs.

1. Antibacterial and antiviral drugs. The medication is prescribed depending on which is the causative agent of the disease.
2. It is necessary to eliminate an important symptom - cough. If it is dry, then you need to start taking medications that will increase the amount of sputum and its withdrawal. Do not forget about the abundant drink.Inhalations are used in the event that the cough very much presses.
3. Use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
4. Stimulant treatment is prescribed if bronchitis is recurrent or chronic.
5. It is necessary to adhere to a diet. It is better to exclude products that will cause irritation of the throat, as well as salty, sharp foods. A plentiful drink in the form of water, fruit drinks, tea, compotes is simply necessary.
6. Physiotherapy: UHF, paraffin. Inhalations are also very important for those with bronchitis.

Learn how to treat allergic rhinitis with folk remedies.

Here it is described why it constantly lays a nose without a cold.

Approximate prices for cough syrup. Dr. Mom: http://prolor.ru/g/lechenie/doktor-mom-sirop-ot-kashlya.html.

Use of expectorants

If these drugs are not used, then the treatment of the disease can be delayed. These drugs will help to eliminate the focus of inflammation. Taking expectorants, there is accumulation of water, which improves the spitting of the sputum without the costs of the body.The most important is to choose the right medicine. They can be divided into 2 types:

1. Drugs that have a reflex action.
2. Medicinal products of direct influence.

The first group includes those substances that have an effect on the whole organism as a whole. As a result, sputum is diluted and exits the body. To such medicines it is possible to carry vegetative preparations. The composition should include the root of the licorice, the herb of thyme, the root of the althaea.

The second group of drugs acts on the glands of the bronchi themselves, and act on the physico-chemical properties of sputum. Usually such means are used for inhalation. If you suffer from a dry cough, then you need to take reflex preparations. With a moist cough, it is necessary to use drugs that directly affect the sputum.

Inhalation

It is good to use for a solution such herbs as sage, chamomile, mint, fennel. And plants such as mother-and-stepmother, leaves of birch, juniper, fir, have an anti-inflammatory agent. Essential oils of coriander and basil are highly effective together. And such a remedy as a potato peel, has a quick effect, and, perhaps, this is the simplest means.

Now in pharmacies you can find such an inhaler as a nebulizer.It greatly simplifies the process of the procedure, allows you to use a wide variety of herbs. This device helps to spray a pair of herbs into the lungs and bronchi. But you need to know that when using a nebulizer, some antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs can not be used. This is due to the fact that ultrasonic waves can destroy some drugs.

Compresses

Compresses help to relieve coughing spasms, as a result, sputum evacuation improves, they stimulate the body and improve the immune system.Compresses in the absence of temperature are very effective.

To make a compress, you need to take:

• parchment paper;
• tissue paper;
• a warm blanket.

What can be used as an active substance? The melted honey with the addition of essential oils, black radish juice is quite effective. Boiled potatoes are also very often used, too. The compress can be used if there is no damage on the chest. Otherwise, after applying the compress, dermatitis may develop. After applying a compress, it is better to wrap yourself in a warm blanket at once. In this case, the action will be effective.

The mustard

This tool is similar to compresses, but it is considered more effective. You can do them at home. It is necessary to take 1 tbsp. l. honey, 1 tbsp. l. mustard powder and 1 tbsp. l. flour. In the mixture can add 1 tbsp. l. vegetable oil, put the mustard mixture in the oven at a temperature of 50 degrees and preheat. Get a mixture that looks like a dough. It should be divided into 2 parts and applied, then on the chest, then on the back.

Decoctions, infusions, medicines

Treatment of bronchitis in adults with folk remedies:

1. Aloe and honey.This tool is very old and well-tested. Aloe leaves need to be crushed, you can use a blender. Kashitsy should be about 500 ml. Melted lard too, you need to take in the amount of 500 ml. Mix all this with 1 kg of honey. A pound of grated chocolate is added to the mixture. All the ingredients are piled in a saucepan and put on a small fire. The mixture is brought to a temperature of 45 degrees, the consistency will become uniform. The agent must be constantly interfered. Take this medication before eating. Minimum number of receptions 3 times. Chocolate and honey kill the bitter taste of aloe, so the remedy seems delicious enough.
2. Pine resin.You need to take 200 grams of resin, 200 g of vegetable oil, 200 g of honey, 200 g of beeswax. All ingredients are piled in a pan, put on fire. You can not allow boiling. The result is a homogeneous suspension. How to take this remedy? For 1 hour. l. Before eating, be sure to wash down with warm milk.
3. Breast gathering.Such a collection can be done both independently and purchased at a pharmacy. The composition includes mother-and-stepmother, plantain, mint, pine buds, calendula, oregano. Herbs need to brew and drink every day for 150 ml. The course of treatment is until the disease completely disappears. No side effects of breastfeeding were observed.
4. Onion preserves. One kilogram of onions should be ground using a meat grinder or a blender. Put 400 g of sugar, 1 liter of water and onions in a saucepan. The pan should be put on a slow fire, cook the jam for 3 hours. After the time has elapsed, cool the jam and add 100 g of honey, mix well. 6 times a day to eat 1 tbsp. l. Onion preserves are stored in the refrigerator. But you need to use a remedy only in a warm form, that is, the jam should be at room temperature.

The most important thing is to take timely measures to treat bronchitis and eliminate symptoms. If it runs without temperature, then this does not mean that the disease is cured easier.

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Obstructive bronchitis in adults

Obstructive bronchitis in adults - diffuse bronchial damage caused by prolonged irritation and inflammation, with which is narrowing of the bronchi, accompanied by difficulty in getting out of the accumulating mucus, sputum. With bronchospasm, which are inherent in this disease, there is difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, wheezing, not associated with the defeat of other systems and organs. Progressive inflammatory process leads to impaired ventilation of the lungs.

The causes of bronchial obstruction

Factors affecting the development of obstructive bronchitis:

Medical factors:

• Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system and violation of nasal breathing, foci of infection in the upper respiratory tract - bronchitis, pneumonia
• Recurrent viral infections and nasopharyngeal diseases
• Tumors of the trachea and bronchi
• Hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract
• Genetic predisposition
• Propensity to allergic reactions
• Injuries and burns
• Poisoning

Socio-economic factors:

• Smoking, second-hand smoke (see video from what do cigarettes)
• Alcohol abuse
• Unfavorable living conditions
• Elderly age

Environmental factors:

• Long-term effects on the bronchial mucosa of physical stimuli in the external environment are allergens, such as pollen of some plants, house dust, animal hair, etc.
• The presence of chemical stimuli in the air at work or at home - inorganic and organic dust, acid fumes, ozone, chlorine, ammonia, silicon, cadmium, sulfur dioxide, etc. (cm. influence of household chemicals on health).

Types of obstructive bronchitis

Acute obstructive bronchitis- An acute form of bronchial obstruction for adults is not typical, as most often acute obstructive bronchitis occurs in children under 4 years old. However, in adults primary obstructive bronchitis is observed - due to the addition of several risk factors described above, an inflammatory process develops. On the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza, pneumonia, with inadequate treatment and other provoking factors, the onset of obstruction may begin. In acute obstructive bronchitis, the main symptoms in patients are as follows:

• First observed catarrh of the upper respiratory tract
• Severe dry cough, with hard-to-recover sputum
• Coughing attacks especially worse at night
• Difficulty breathing, with exhaled breath
• The temperature is subfebrile, no higher than 37.5 - this distinguishes acute obstructive bronchitis from simple acute bronchitis, which is usually a high temperature.

Acute bronchial obstruction is curable, but if it acquires a chronic form, it can become a progressive, irreversible disease.

Chronic obstructive bronchitisis a progressive obstruction of the bronchi in response to various stimuli. Violation of bronchial patency is conditionally divided into: reversible and irreversible. Symptoms with which patients usually consult a doctor:

• Strong cough, with a discharge in the morning of sparse phlegm mucus
• Shortness of breath, first appears only with physical exertion
• Wheezing, shortness of breath
• Sputum can become purulent in the period of addition of other infections and viruses and is regarded as a relapse of obstructive bronchitis.

Over time, with an irreversible chronic process, the disease progresses, and the intervals between relapses become shorter. In chronic course,

How to treat obstructive bronchitis

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis should be with the active participation of the patient in the treatment process. If possible, it is necessary to eliminate the negative factors provoking the progression of the disease - this is primarily a refusal to smoke, the desire to lead a maximally healthy lifestyle, if the main reason for the development of bronchial obstruction is industrial hazards, a change in work is desirable.

Bronchodilating therapy.It consists of three groups of medicines:

• Anticholinergic drugs. The most effective and known of them Ipratropium bromide in metered aerosols is Atrovent. The effect of inhalation drugs is slow for about an hour and lasts 4-8 hours. Daily dosage 2-4 inhalations 3-4 times.
• Beta is a 2-agonist. These medications are recommended to be used 3-4 times a day. If the patient does not have a clear manifestation of the symptoms of the disease, then they can be used only as a prophylaxis immediately before physical exertion. The most famous drugs: Berotek, salbutamol.
• Methylxanthines. Widespread use of prolonged theophylline, they are used 1 -2 times a day. The most famous of these drugs is Teopek. A solution of euphyllin is administered only in hospitals according to indications. Caution is necessary when treating methylxanthines in patients with heart failure.

Mukoregulatory drugs.To improve sputum discharge, in cases of violation of its secretion, use Acetylcysteine, Ambroxol or Lazolvan (see. list of all expectorants for cough).

Antibacterial therapy.In cases of bacterial infection, in the presence of purulent sputum and signs of general intoxication, antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis of a wide spectrum of action for 7-14 days. In inhalations, antibiotics are not used. If the patient has chronic obstructive bronchitis, antibiotic treatment prophylactically, in order to avoid exacerbations, do not.

Corticosteroids. Their use is limited, and systemic corticosteroids are prescribed only with severe respiratory failure. Perhaps the use of inhaled hormones, because the side effects in this application are significantly reduced.

Therapeutic breathing exercises.The training of the respiratory muscles is indicated to all patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. This gymnastics exercises in Strelnikova, and breathing Buteyko, and the use of Frolov's breathing apparatus.

Indications for inpatient treatment

• Exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchitis, which does not stop with outpatient treatment (persistent cough with purulent sputum, shortness of breath, signs of respiratory failure increase)
• Respiratory failure, which developed sharply.
• Attachment of pneumonia.
• Signs of heart failure with the development of the pulmonary heart.
• Need for bronchoscopy.

Advantages of nebulizers for the administration of medicines for COPD

Medicinal products for the treatment of obstructive bronchitis should be used in the form of inhalations. Most often in the home for this purpose use nebulizers. Their advantages are as follows.

• The drug is sprayed in the form of fine particles in the composition of the aerosol, due to which the depth of penetration of the substance in the respiratory tract increases.
• Ease of use in children and the elderly (do not coordinate inhalation with inhalation, which is difficult to teach a small child or elderly).
• The nebulizer allows you to inject high doses of the drug and can be used to stop attacks of suffocation.

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Signs of bronchitis in adults. Treatment, symptoms, prevention

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Bronchi are tubes through which air moves into the lungs and from the lungs. Patients with bronchitis usually have a cough with discharge in the form of thick, colorless mucus. The disease is both acute and chronic.

In the first case, like any infectious disease, bronchitis develops rapidly and is relatively easy to treat. Upon completion of the course of treatment, the patient, as a rule, suffers from attacks of residual cough for several more weeks.

Chronic disease - a more serious case - is a constant inflammation or irritation of the bronchial mucosa and most often affects heavy smokers. A similar pattern is and often recurrent infection. The patient will need qualified medical care, since chronic bronchitis is among the conditions leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Symptoms

The most common signs of bronchitis in adults include:

• cough;
• excretion in the form of mucus (sputum) of clear, white, yellowish-gray or green color (in rare cases, streaks of blood are observed in the sputum);
• fatigue;
• shortness of breath;
• fever, fever, or chills;
• unpleasant sensations in the chest area.

In acute bronchitis, the residual cough is retained even after the medicamentous removal of inflammation. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by a wet cough for at least three months with relapses for the next two years or longer.

With a chronic illness, you may notice that from time to time your condition worsens, even the prescribed treatment seems to only aggravate the signs of bronchitis. In adults, such periods are diagnosed with acute bronchitis along with chronic bronchitis.

When to see a doctor

You should seek professional medical attention if you cough:

• lasts for three weeks and longer;
• prevents sleep at night;
• accompanied by an increase in body temperature above 38 degrees;
• accompanied by secretions in the form of colorless mucus;
• leads to expectoration of blood;
• accompanied by a sneeze or a feeling of lack of breath.

Causes of bronchitis

Acute bronchitis occurs when the body is infected with viruses, usually the same as those caused by colds and flu. The virus can not be destroyed with antibiotics, so this type of medication is used extremely rarely.

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking cigarettes. A significant harm is also caused by air pollution, an increased content of dust and toxic gases in the environment.

Risk factors

Acute or chronic bronchitis poses a real danger to your health in the presence of the following risk factors:

• Smoking cigarettes. Not only active, but also passive smokers are under threat.
• Weak immunity. Immunity weakens due to any acute illness (for example, a cold) or due to a chronic condition that disrupts the immune system. Older people and young children are more prone to infections.
• Contact with irritants. The risk of bronchitis is higher if at work you are exposed to substances that irritate the lungs. Among the stimuli are, for example, grain and tissue. Even more dangerous smoke with an admixture of chemicals.
• Reflux. Frequent attacks of heartburn strongly irritate the throat and can lead to the development of bronchitis.

Complications

Although a single episode of bronchitis usually does not cause fear, in some cases the disease can lead to pneumonia. Frequent relapses of bronchitis indicate the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pay attention to the thermometer readings: the temperature with bronchitis can remain perfectly normal (up to 37 degrees inclusive), but this fact does not say anything about the severity of the disease.

Before visiting the doctor

Treatment of bronchitis in adults is the prerogative of the therapist. However, in the case of chronic bronchitis, the therapist can refer the patient to a specialist in pulmonary diseases - a pulmonologist.

Before visiting a doctor, try to answer a few questions and write down the answers to the paper so that you do not forget about anything in the doctor's office.

So:

• Have you recently had flu or colds?
• Have you ever had pneumonia?
• What is the state of your health at the moment?
• What medicines and dietary supplements do you regularly take?
• Are you exposed to specific substances at work?

If you used to visit another doctor and take tests, show the results to the current therapist or pulmonologist.

What the doctor will say

Most likely, the doctor will ask you the following questions:

• When did the symptoms of the disease appear?
• Are the symptoms manifested regularly or periodically?
• Did you have episodes of bronchitis in your medical history that lasted more than three weeks? Did the temperature rise with bronchitis?
• Was there shortness of breath between relapses?
• Do bronchitis symptoms affect your sleep or work?
• Do you smoke? If so, how many years and how often?
• How much has your stamina worsened over the year?
• Do you exercise? Can you easily climb one flight of stairs? Do you walk at the same speed as always?
• What influences the improvement or deterioration of your well-being?
• Are you uncomfortable with cold air?
• Do you sneeze?
• Have you done an annual flu shot?
• Have you ever been vaccinated against pneumonia? If yes, then when?

Diagnosis of the disease

The signs of bronchitis in adults are similar in many respects to the symptoms of a common cold, so in some cases for the diagnosis of a disease you may need to not only listen to the lungs with a stethoscope, but one of the following studies:

• Radiography of the chest allows you to diagnose pneumonia or another disease that causes a cough. Radiography is most often prescribed to smokers, including former ones.
• Examination of sputum. Sputum is mucus secreted by the lungs. Her study helps diagnose whooping cough and other diseases that are treated differently than bronchitis. Treatment with antibiotics is the main measure of combating pertussis. Sputum examination also allows to determine the presence of allergic reactions.
• The lung function is examined using a device called a spirometer. It determines the basic characteristics of breathing: how much air the lungs can hold and how quickly the exhalation takes place. This study helps to identify asthma and emphysema.

Treatment

Treatment of bronchitis in adults, as a rule, is not required: without medicamental intervention, acute bronchitis passes by itself within two weeks.

Medicines

In some cases, the body needs help in the fight against the disease, and then the doctor can prescribe the following medicines:

• Antibiotics. An infectious disease is caused by either a virus or bacteria. If the doctor suspects that the bacteria caused your bronchitis, antibiotic treatment is mandatory.
• Cough medicine. Usually they are not prescribed, as there is no need to suppress a wet cough - it displays excretions that irritate the mucous membrane, from the lungs and the respiratory tract. Nevertheless, cough often prevents sleep. In such cases, antitussive drugs are taken at bedtime.
• Other medicines. If you are allergic, asthmatic or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the doctor can recommend an inhaler and other medications to relieve the inflammation and widening of narrowed airways.

Some drugs with bronchitis are used only for symptomatic treatment.

Therapy

With chronic bronchitis, you may need pulmonary rehabilitation - a program of breathing exercises aimed at facilitating breathing and improving performance. Breathing exercises neutralize the signs of bronchitis in adults and help cope with malaise.

Self-help measures

In order to feel better, use the following guidelines:

• Avoid irritation of the lungs. Do not smoke. Wear a disposable mask if you have to breathe gassed air, work with paint or detergents with a strong odor.
• Use an air humidifier. Warm moist air facilitates breathing and helps to remove mucus from the respiratory tract. Just do not forget to clean the humidifier according to the manufacturer's instructions so that bacteria and fungus do not start up in the water container.
• Observe the diet. It is desirable to eat fewer calories than usual (up to 800 calories per day), if possible, exclude from the diet not only salty foods, but salt in general.
• Save the paper with a list of medications prescribed by your doctor and make sure that all the bronchitis medications recommended by a specialist are present in your home medicine cabinet.

Prevention of bronchitis

To reduce or even eliminate the risk of bronchitis, take into account the following recommendations:

• Avoid cigarette smoke. Both active and passive smoking of cigarettes leads to the development of chronic bronchitis.
• Do vaccinations. Many cases of bronchitis develop from ordinary flu. You can avoid flu by making every year the appropriate vaccinations. Perhaps, you should also vaccinate against some types of pneumonia.
• Wash your hands. To avoid a viral infection in the future, wash your hands more often and get a new habit: use antibacterial hand gel.
• Keep the first aid kit in absolute order. Check to see if the medicine has come out of the shelf life.
• Wear a mask. If you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, think about wearing a mask on the street and at work.
• Do not be afraid of physical activity. The main requirement for physical exercises for the prevention of bronchitis is moderation and dosing.

syl.ru

Bronchitis in adults: symptoms and treatment. Allergic bronchitis: symptoms in an adult

Almost every one of us is familiar with such a phenomenon as coughing. Some people do not pay attention to him, but in vain. It can very easily develop into more serious problems, which will require long-term treatment. In this article we will try to understand what constitutes bronchitis in adults. Symptoms, causes and treatment of this disease will be discussed in detail below.

What is bronchitis?

This disease refers to respiratory diseases, which occur quite often. During bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial mucosa and bronchioles occurs. The causative agents of this disease can be both bacteria and viruses. You can also observe bronchitis of allergic origin.

The epithelial tissue of the bronchi begins to swell, pus accumulates there. The lumen of the bronchi narrows, because of this breathing becomes difficult, a cough appears. If you do not know how the bronchitis manifests in adults, these symptoms should already alert you.

Types of bronchitis

Any disease can manifest itself in different ways, hence its forms and species are distinguished. If we talk about the course of bronchitis, then it happens:

• Acute. Most often accompanies viral infections, from which a person is not completely rid of.
• Chronic formusually has periods of exacerbation and remission, when a person feels completely normal.

Since the provocateur of bronchitis can be various pathogens, depending on this, there are the following forms:

• Viral bronchitis.Appears often as a complication after a viral infection, such as influenza, ARVI.
• Infectious- cause a variety of bacteria.
• Allergic bronchitisdevelops as a manifestation of an allergy to a certain antigen.
• Toxico-chemical bronchitiscan appear after poisoning the body with toxic substances.

Depending on what type of bronchitis in adults, the symptoms will differ.

Symptoms of acute bronchitis

Bronchitis never passes asymptomatically, so it is easy to suspect that the disease is at its core. Symptoms of acute bronchitis in adults look like this:

1. The body temperature rises sharply.
2. There is a strong dry cough with perspiration and a burning sensation in the chest. After a few days, it becomes wet, and sputum begins to depart.
3. Decreased efficiency.
4. Fast fatiguability.
5. Severe sweating.
6. Pain in the chest.
7. Chills occasionally appear.
8. If the doctor during this period listens to the patient, then in the chest can be heard wheezing.
9. Breath is heavy.

If a person suffers a serious illness, then more breathing may be added. This can be explained by the obstruction of bronchial lumens or their spasm. Such bronchitis is called obstructive. Symptoms of bronchitis in an adult person in this case will still be in the form of a paroxysmal cough.

Chronic illness

Bronchitis in chronic form does not bother the person constantly, it is then in the stage of remission, then again becomes aggravated. During this period, you can observe the following symptoms:

1. Wet cough, in which there is a sputum purulent discharge. In the first days of exacerbation, cough can torment a person in the morning, and then appears day and night.
2. The body temperature rises.
3. At night, increased sweating.
4. Decreased efficiency.
5. The person is freezing, there may be shortness of breath.

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis in adults can appear at a fairly young age, if a person has such a bad habit, like smoking. With age, exacerbations occur more often, and symptoms appear brighter.

Allergic bronchitis

Quite often allergic reactions are accompanied by a cough. If the diagnosis of "allergic bronchitis" is diagnosed, the symptoms in adults may be:

• It's hard to breathe and when you're exhaling, you get breathless.
• There are dry wheezes.
• There are no significant changes in the bronchi on the radiographic image.
• Regular increase in symptoms, especially after contact with allergens.
• Body temperature, as a rule, remains at a normal level.

It is important to diagnose allergic bronchitis in time. Symptoms in adults and in children usually manifest the same. Treatment is very different, unlike an infectious disease. Calms only that if you negate contact with allergens, then such a bronchitis will quickly leave you.

Causes of bronchitis

Very often, the symptoms of bronchitis in an adult begin to appear if complications of a viral infection occur. Also, untreated ORZ may well end with a cough. The causative agents are usually viruses or bacteria. Very rarely, chlamydia or mycoplasma may act as a provocateur of bronchitis.

The viral form can gradually change to bacterial. There are several reasons that contribute to the development of this disease:

1. Weak immunity.
2. Sharply changes in temperature.
3. Prolonged exposure to damp cold air.
4. Exposure to dust and smoke.
5. Harmful vapors of chlorine, ammonia, alkalis.
6. Infectious diseases of the nose, throat or mouth.
7. Congenital pathologies in the upper respiratory tract.
8. Traumas of the chest can also provoke the appearance of bronchitis.

Many doctors are sure that with age, the likelihood of getting sick increases, especially if a person smokes.

The main ways to treat bronchitis

Any disease can be treated more effectively, if you approach it in a comprehensive manner. Among the main directions of treatment of bronchitis are:

1. Drug therapy.If there is bronchitis, the symptoms in adults can not be eliminated without taking medication.
2. Physiotherapeutic proceduresalso are a good helper in the treatment of bronchitis.
3. Folk methods of treatment.

If the bronchitis (symptoms) is detected in time, the treatment in adults always ends up quite successfully.

Medications for the treatment of bronchitis

Folk methods, various physiotherapeutic procedures, although able to alleviate the condition of the patient, but you can completely cope with the disease, only taking medications. Among them, there are several groups that doctors usually prescribe for fighting bronchitis:

• Preparations from dry cough, for example "Lazolvan", "Sinekod", "Libeksin".
• Drugs that help to sputum. This group includes "Mukaltin", "Ambroxol".
• Antibiotic drugs are usually prescribed if there is a threat of developing pneumonia. The most effective are "Amoxil", "Azithromycin", "Ceftriaxone".
• Since bronchitis is accompanied by fever, it is justified to take antipyretics.
• In the course of treatment, you can add immunostimulants, which will help strengthen immunity.
• If bronchospasm develops, bronchodilators are recommended, for example, "Neofilin", "Salbutamol".

All medicines should be prescribed only by a doctor, do not self-medicate, so as not to earn undesirable problems.

Usually, after several days of intensive and proper treatment, bronchitis recedes, the symptoms in adults start to appear less and less.

Traditional methods of treatment

In the treasury of traditional healers there are also recipes for the treatment of bronchitis. The most popular are the following:

1. Tea with honey and lemon perfectly softens, has anti-inflammatory properties. It is necessary to drink 3-4 times a day.
2. Garlic - an excellent antimicrobial agent, if it is used daily, it is good not only in treatment, but also in prevention. You can prepare a mixture of three chopped garlic heads, 2 tablespoons of honey. Pour a liter of warm water, insist 10 hours and take 1 tablespoon before eating.
3. It is useful to put mustard on the chest before going to bed. Mustard warms well and has anti-inflammatory properties.
4. Receiving broth from raspberry leaves promotes the sputum.

Well, inhalation helps, for their use you can use various medicinal herbs, for example chamomile, sage. Hot air gives a local anti-inflammatory effect. It is necessary to carry out inhalations every day 2-3 times.

If you comprehensively treat bronchitis in adults, the symptoms will very soon stop bothering you.

Prevention of disease

Since almost every one of us suffers from cold illnesses, we can not save ourselves from bronchitis, but we can reduce the likelihood of its appearance. For this, it is necessary to take the following measures:

1. In the season of colds, avoid severe hypothermia.
2. Do not make contact with people who are sick with viral infections.
3. It is necessary to reduce contact with allergens.
4. Take vitamins, so that your immunity is always on guard for health.
5. Temper, lead a healthy lifestyle.
6. Refuse bad habits.

If you follow these recommendations, then bronchitis can hurt more rarely. Any disease is always easier to prevent than to spend time, energy and money on his treatment.

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