Allopurinol tablets

Allopurinol is used to treat gout.

It reduces the rate of synthesis of lactic acid, thereby reducing the severity of the symptoms of the disease and preventing exacerbation. Medical research in clinical conditions has proved a positive effect in the treatment of gout, especially the root causes of its occurrence.

On this page you will find all information about Allopurinol: the full instructions for use on this medication, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogs of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Allopurinol. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the pharmacological group of xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Antifungal drug.

Conditions of leave from pharmacies

The drug is released by prescription.

Price list

How much is Allopurinol? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of100 rubles.

Form of issue and composition

The preparation is available in the form of tablets of round shape in white with a flat surface, facet and risk.

Their composition is indicated in the table:

Concentration of allopurinol, mg per 1 pc.	100 or 300
Additional components	Microcrystalline cellulose, corn starch, magnesium stearate, lactose, hypromellose
Packaging	For 10 pieces in a blister, for 30 or 50 pieces in a cardboard bundle

pharmachologic effect

The main action is a decrease in the synthesis of uric acid in the human body. Uric acid is the result of the metabolism of foods containing purines.

When the formation of uric acid is excessive, or the excretory system does not cope with its excretion, the uric acid content in the blood will increase. When supersaturation will be formed urate - crystals of uric acid, which can cause the formation of stones in the bladder, kidneys or deposited in the joints. So there are characteristic signs of gouty arthritis (gout): joint inflammation, swelling, pain, redness, mobility restriction, fever. That is why it is so important to control the level of uric acid, and not to exceed the norm.

When taking allopurinol, the activity of a special enzyme that promotes the formation of uric acid is inhibited. The drug reduces the synthesis of uric acid, and accelerates the dissolution of already deposited urate salts.

Indications for use

The main indications for the use of Allopurinol tablets are the following:

• Gout;
• Psoriasis;
• In the complex treatment of acute leukemia;
• In the complex treatment of lymphosarcoma;
• Disorders of metabolic processes in the body, namely purines and pyrimidines;
• As part of complex therapy for acute and chronic myeloid leukemia;
• Numerous injuries and pathologies of the motor apparatus, which can lead to numerous violations of metabolic processes in the body;
• Side effects that develop in the patient as a result of prolonged or uncontrolled treatment with glucocorticoids or their analogues of synthetic origin;
• An increased concentration of uric acid in the blood serum - this condition is checked by means of blood tests that are given up on an empty stomach;
• Identified stones and sand in the urinary tract and kidneys - the drug is shown only if the stone does not overlap the ureter, and its size does not exceed 2 mm in diameter;
• After the passed course of chemotherapy of cancers in order to prevent the formation of urate stones in the organs of urination.

Contraindications

The use of allopurinol is contraindicated in people with intolerance to the active ingredient or the auxiliary components of the drug. Other contraindications are severe violations of liver function, renal failure with creatinine clearance less than 2 ml / min, age up to 15 years. Allopurinol is not prescribed in cases where the level of uric acid in the plasma can be regulated by diet.

With caution, the drug is prescribed for patients with hematopoietic disorders, with hepatic and renal insufficiency. Also with arterial hypertension and heart failure, when the patient is treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics. Allopurinol is not prescribed to people suffering from acute gout attacks, the drug can be treated only when the patient's condition improves.

Application in pregnancy and lactation

Studies of allopurinol in pregnant women have not been conducted, use of the drug during pregnancy is not recommended.

Allopurinol is found in breast milk. Taking the drug Allopurinol during lactation is undesirable.

Instructions for use Allopurinol

The instructions for use indicate that Allopurinol tablets are intended for oral administration. They are recommended to swallow without chewing, drinking with a lot of drinking water. It is advisable to take Allopurinol after meals. When taking the drug Allopurinol, you must use a large amount of fluid to maintain a normal diuresis, If necessary, alkalinization of urine can also be carried out (in this case urinary acid excretion is improved).

The duration of treatment and dose of the drug Allopurinol is determined by the doctor. The daily dose is calculated taking into account the levels of uric acid in the plasma. The average daily dose is 100-300 mg of allopurinol. The daily dose can be assigned at one time. It is recommended to start therapy with a minimal dose (100 mg per day) and, if necessary, adjust it. Correction of the dose of allopurinol is carried out 1 time in 1-3 weeks, taking into account the level of uric acid in the plasma.

The average maintenance dose is 200-600 mg of allopurinol per day. In some cases, high-dose treatment (600-800 mg of allopurinol per day) may be required. If the daily dose of the drug Allopurinol exceeds 300 mg it should be divided into several receptions (not more than 300 mg of allopurinol per reception). With an increase in the dose of allopurinol, the level of the main metabolite in the blood (oxypurinol), which should not exceed 15 μg / ml (100 μmol), should also be monitored.

The maximum daily dose of allopurinol is 800 mg.

Dosing for patients of certain groups

Patients with renal insufficiency, allopurinol is prescribed in an initial dose of 100 mg per day. The effectiveness of the drug is determined depending on the level of uric acid in the plasma 1-3 weeks after the start of treatment. If the effectiveness of the drug Allopurinol is not enough - the dose is gradually increased (with careful monitoring of the level of oxypurinol in the plasma).

1. Patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 20 mL / min should not be prescribed more than 300 mg of allopurinol per day.
2. Patients with a creatinine clearance of 10-20 ml / min should not be prescribed more than 200 mg of allopurinol per day.
3. Patients with a creatinine clearance of less than 10 ml / min should be prescribed allopurinol at a dose of 100 mg per day.

If necessary, increase the dose, increasing the intervals between allopurinol (100-300 mg every 48-72 hours).

Patients on hemodialysis are prescribed 300-400 mg of allopurinol after each dialysis session (2-3 times per week).

In the treatment of urolithiasis and gout, daily diuresis should be at least 2 liters.

Dosing for children

The daily dose of allopurinol for children is calculated by the formula 10-20 mg / kg of weight.

The received dose should be divided into 3 doses. The maximum daily dose of allopurinol for children older than 15 years is 400 mg.

Possible side effects

The drug is easily tolerated and usually does not have side effects, however, in rare cases, the following unwanted side effects may develop:

1. Central nervous system: development of depressive conditions, headache, neuropathy.
2. Cardiovascular system: high blood pressure, the probability of bradycardia, anemia, vasculitis, leukocytosis, leukopenia.
3. Gastrointestinal tract: development of dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea); stomatitis.
4. Genitourinary system: development of acute renal failure, the formation of peripheral edema, weakening of potency.
5. Development of allergic reactions. Allopurinol can cause the formation of skin rash, itching, urticaria, multiforme exudative erythema, toxic epidermal necrolysis, purpura, bullous dermatitis. In rare cases, the development of bronchospasm is possible.

When observing these symptoms, it is necessary to stop using the drug and consult a doctor.

special instructions

At the beginning of the course of treatment of gout, there may be an exacerbation of the disease. For prevention, you can use NSAIDs or colchicine (0.5 mg 3 times / day). It should be taken into account that with adequate therapy with allopurinol, it is possible to dissolve large urate stones in the renal pelvis and subsequently to enter the ureter.

With caution should use allopurinol for violations of the liver and / or kidney function (in both cases, a dose reduction is necessary), hypothyroidism of the thyroid gland. In the initial period of the course of therapy with allopurinol, systematic evaluation of liver function parameters is necessary.
During the treatment with allopurinol, the daily amount of fluid consumed should be at least 2 liters (under the control of diuresis).

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is not an indication for the use of allopurinol. Children are only used for malignant neoplasms (especially leukemia), also for certain enzymatic disorders (Lesch-Nian syndrome).

For the correction of hyperuricemia in patients with tumorous diseases, it is recommended that allopurinol be used before treatment with cytostatics. In such cases, the minimum effective dose should be used. In addition, in order to reduce the risk of xanthine deposition in the urinary tract, measures should be taken to maintain optimal diuresis and urine alkalinization. With the simultaneous use of allopurinol and cytostatics, more frequent monitoring of the peripheral blood pattern is necessary.

During the reception of allopurinol, do not drink alcohol.

Interaction with other drug groups

The drug can promote an increase in the content of cyclosporine in the blood plasma, which can lead to the development of nephrotoxicity.

When used simultaneously with furosemide, ethacrynic acid, thiophosphamide, preparations of the group of thiazide diuretics, a decrease in the pharmacological effect of Allopurinol is possible. The combination with vydabarine should be carried out with extreme caution and under the supervision of the attending physician.

Simultaneous use with ampicillin and amoxicillin may increase the risk of allergic reactions.

Analogues

On the shelves of pharmacies you can find direct analogs of Allopurinol, known under the names Allopurinol-Aegis, Allopurinol Sandoz, Allogexal or Purinol. They are similar in composition, active substance.

Indirect analogues of the drug, showing the same therapeutic effect, are the following medicines:

• Adenurik;
• Phoebus-40;
• Phoebus-80.

Before using analogues, consult your doctor.

Terms and conditions of storage

Store in a place protected from light and inaccessible to children at a temperature of no higher than 30 ° C. Shelf life of tablets 100 mg - 5 years, 300 mg - 3 years.

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