The first signs of pneumonia in children and adults
Pneumonia is a disease that has an infectious origin and is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue in the event of provoking physical or chemical factors such as:
- Complications after viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella)
- Effects on the respiratory system of various chemical agents - poisonous fumes and gases (see. chlorine in household chemicals is hazardous to health)
- Radioactive radiation, to which infection is attached
- Allergic processes in the lungs - allergic cough, COPD, bronchial asthma
- Thermal factors - hypothermia or burns of the respiratory tract
- Inhalation of liquids, food or foreign bodies can cause aspiration pneumonia.
The cause of the development of pneumonia is the emergence of favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. The original causative agent of pneumonia is the aspergillus mushroom, which was the culprit of the sudden and mysterious deaths of researchers of the Egyptian pyramids. Owners of domestic birds or lovers of urban pigeons can get chlamydial pneumonia.
For today, all pneumonia is divided into:
- out-of-hospital, arising under the influence of various infectious and non-infectious agents outside the walls of hospitals
- hospital, which cause hospital-acquired microbes, often very resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment.
The frequency of detection of various infectious agents in community-acquired pneumonia is presented in the table.
| Causative agent | Average% detection |
| Streptococcus is the most frequent pathogen. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is the leader in the frequency of death from pneumonia. | 3, % |
| Mycoplasma - affects most children, young people. | 1, % |
| Chlamydia - chlamydial pneumonia is typical for people of young and middle age. | 1, % |
| Legionellae - a rare pathogen, affects weakened people and is the leader after streptococcus by frequency of deaths (infection in rooms with artificial ventilation - shopping centers, airports) | , % |
| Hemophilus rod - causes pneumonia in patients with chronic bronchial and lung diseases, as well as in smokers. | , % |
| Enterobacteria are rare pathogens, affecting mainly patients with renal / hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus. | , % |
| Staphylococcus is a frequent pathogen of pneumonia in the elderly population, and complications in patients after the flu. | , % |
| Other pathogens | , % |
| The causative agent is not installed | 3, % |
When the diagnosis is confirmed, depending on the type of pathogen, the patient's age, the presence of concomitant diseases, a corresponding therapy, in severe cases, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting, with mild forms of inflammation, hospitalization of the patient is not is required.
Characteristic first signs of pneumonia, the vastness of the inflammatory process, acute development and danger of serious complications in untimely treatment - are the main reasons for the urgent circulation of the population for medical help. At present, a sufficiently high level of medical development, improved diagnostic methods, and a huge the list of antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action has considerably lowered a death rate from an inflammation of lungs (cm. antibiotics for bronchitis).
Typical first signs of pneumonia in adults
The main symptom of the development of pneumonia is a cough, usually it is first dry, obtrusive and persistent. protivokashlevye, expectorants with a dry cough), but in rare cases cough at the beginning of the disease can be rare and not strong. Then, as the inflammation develops, the cough becomes pneumatic with pneumonia, with a discharge of mucopurulent sputum (yellow-green color).
Any catarrhal virus disease should not last more than 7 days, and a sharp deterioration of the condition later 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza indicates the onset of an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory ways.
Body temperature can be very high up to 39-40C, and can remain subfebrile 3, -3, C (with atypical pneumonia). Therefore, even with a low body temperature, coughing, weakness and other signs of malaise, you should definitely consult a doctor. Caution should be a repeated temperature jump after a light gap during the course of a viral infection.
If the patient has a very high temperature, one of the signs of inflammation in the lungs is the inefficiency of antipyretic drugs.
Pain with deep breath and cough. The lung itself does not hurt, as it is devoid of pain receptors, but involvement in the pleura process gives a pronounced pain syndrome.
In addition to cold symptoms, the patient has dyspnea and pale skin.
General weakness, increased sweating, chills, decreased appetite are also characteristic for intoxication and the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs.
If such symptoms appear either in the midst of a cold, or a few days after the improvement, these may be the first signs of pneumonia. The patient should immediately consult a doctor to undergo a complete examination:
- To pass blood tests - general and biochemical
- To make a roentgenography of a thorax, if necessary and a computer tomography
- Sputum for culture and sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics
- Sputum for culture and microscopic determination of mycobacterium tuberculosis
The main first signs of pneumonia in children
Symptoms of pneumonia in children have several characteristics. Attentive parents may suspect the development of pneumonia with the following discomforts in the child:
- Temperature
Body temperature above 38C, lasting for more than three days, not knocked down by antipyretics, there may also be a high temperature of up to 3, especially in young children. At the same time, all signs of intoxication are manifested - weakness, increased sweating, lack of appetite. Small children (as well as elderly people), can not give high temperature fluctuations with pneumonia. This is due to imperfect thermoregulation and immaturity of the immune system.
- Breath
There is frequent shortness of breath: in children up to 2 months of age, 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year, 50 breaths, after a year, 40 breaths per minute. Often the child spontaneously tries to lie down on one side. Parents may notice another sign of pneumonia in the child, if you undress the baby, then when breathing from the patient lung can be noticed the retraction of the skin in between the ribs and the lag in the process of breathing one side of the chest. There may be irregular breathing rhythm, with periodic stops of breathing, changes in the depth and frequency of breathing. In infants, shortness of breath is characterized by the fact that the child begins to nod his head in time with the breath, the baby can stretch his lips and inflate his cheeks, foamy discharge from the nose and mouth can appear.
- Atypical pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia differ in that first the disease passes like a cold, there is a dry cough, runny nose, swelling in the throat, but the presence of dyspnea and a stably high temperature should alert parents to the development pneumonia.
- Character of cough
Because of the perspiration in the throat, only coughing can appear first, then the cough becomes dry and painful, which is amplified by crying, feeding the baby. Later, the cough becomes wet.
- Behavior of the child
Children with pneumonia become capricious, whiny, sluggish, they are disturbed by sleep, sometimes can completely refuse to eat, and also to appear diarrhea and vomiting, in babies - regurgitation and rejection of breasts.
- Blood test
In the general analysis of blood, changes are detected that indicate an acute inflammatory process - increased ESR, leukocytosis, neutrophilia. Shift of the leukoformula to the left with increasing stab and segmented leukocytes. In viral pneumonia, along with high ESR, there is an increase in leukocytes due to lymphocytes.
With timely access to a doctor, adequate therapy and proper care for a sick child or adult, pneumonia does not lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, the patient should be given medical care as soon as possible.
zdravotvet.ru
What is pneumonia?
Answers:
Anastasia Zamyatin
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. A group of diseases characterized by the defeat of the respiratory part of the lungs is divided into croupous (lobar) and focal. Pathogens - various microorganisms: pneumonia and streptococci, Klebsiella pneumonia, E. coli, etc. bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi. Chemical and physical agents (effects on lungs of chemicals, thermal factors, radioactive radiation) are usually combined with infectious agents. Pneumonia can also be a consequence of allergic reactions in the lungs or manifestations of systemic diseases. Pathogens penetrate the lung tissue through the bronchi, through blood or lymph.
Symptoms and course
depend on the nature, nature and stage of the disease, the prevalence of the lesion and its complications (pulmonary suppuration, pleurisy, pneumothorax, acute vascular and heart failure).
Croupous pneumonia (lobar, pleuropneumonia) begins acutely, often after cooling: a person experiences a tremendous chill, the body temperature rises to 39-40C. Pain on breathing on the side of the affected lung increases with cough, initially dry, then with a "rusty" or purulent viscous sputum with blood veins. The patient's condition, as a rule, is severe. There is reddening of the face, cyanosis, often the appearance of "fever" - herpes simplex on the lips or wings of the nose. Breathing from the very beginning of the disease is rapid, superficial, with swelling of the wings of the nose. The affected side of the chest lags behind in the act of breathing from a healthy one. Depending on the stage of the illness, increased or weakened breathing, crepitation (the sound of decaying alveoli), and pleural friction noise are heard. The pulse is rapid, blood pressure is often reduced. In the blood there are significant changes: leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left, acceleration of the ESR. Radiographic examination shows a darkening of the whole affected part or part of it.
Focal pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, occur as a complication of acute or chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi, in patients with congestive lungs, severe, debilitating diseases, in postoperative period. Body temperature rises to 38-39C, rarely higher. Appears or intensifies a cough, dry or with mucopurulent sputum. Possible pain in the chest when coughing and inhaling. With discharge focal pneumonia, the condition of patients deteriorates sharply: pronounced dyspnea, cyanosis. Breathing can be strengthened vesicular with areas of bronchial, small and medium bubbling rales are heard.
Recognition is based on the clinical picture, X-ray examination data (inflammatory infiltration sites in the lung tissue, with drainage pneumonia - merging with each other). In the blood leukocytosis is detected, the acceleration of the ESR.
Treatment.
In mild cases, it can be done at home, but most patients need to be hospitalized. At the height of the disease, bed rest is needed, a sparing diet with enough vitamins A and C, abundant drinking, antibiotic therapy (taking into account the sensitivity of microflora), other antibacterial preparations. It may be necessary to introduce gammaglobulin, carrying out detoxification therapy. With the disappearance or significant decrease in the effects of intoxication, the regime is extended, physical therapy is prescribed, physiotherapy (inhalation, UHF, shortwave diathermy). If necessary, medical bronchoscopies can be performed.
Pneumonia is chronic.
Pneumonia is chronic. - It includes a relapsing inflammation of the lungs of the same localization with the defeat of all structural lung elements, complicated by the development of pnemosclerosis.
Symptoms and course.
They show a periodic rise in body temperature, usually to subfebrile figures, an increase in the long-term cough with discharge of mucopurulent sputum, sweating, often dull pain in the chest on the side defeat. When listening, hard breathing is determined, wet
Irina Komarova
Deep recurrence of the lungs.
בעז קראָקאָדילאָוונאַ
Illness or Disease such. Called by microbes. She gets sick, but does not get infected.
Depending on the typical microbes, it is customary to single out: non-ocular, non-oc- co-ordinated organized collectives, nosocomial, resuscitation departments.
For each its own antibiotic of choice.
The first type causes one of 6 microbes - pneumococcus, a stick of influenza. .
The second type - Legionnaires (Legionnaires' disease)
Nosocomial all sorts of inactive hospital-based antibiotic resistant microbes
Resuscitative - all kinds of clostridi resistant to everything in the world
that is, knowing the origin of pneumonia, you can already choose an antibiotic - empirically (based on the experience of mankind)
but your friend is probably tuberculosis
Merry
it is an inflammation of the lungs. 2 years with this is tin. there is a colitis of antibiotics and you are cured, my brother was often sick
Phil
most likely this is not pneumonia
Alexander
Read, can that you will find.
http://www.narmed.ru/bolezni/pulmon/
Kati
he needs to go to a normal doctor and be fully examined.. if it really is pneumonia, it will not die, it just needs to be cured to the end. but maybe it's not pneumonia.
Natalie
Pneumonia is treated. And if he says that there is not much time left to live, so it can be tuberculosis. There is a closed form, but there is an open one (you can not kiss). Be careful.
Story-Trade
easy filling liquid !!
A supernova
No one will tell you exactly, until you undergo a serious examination and taking into account the analysis of not only the function of the lungs, but also other organs and systems of the body. You can consult here http://www.vvi-klinika.ru/ on ICQ 273877
Health to you
Alex Timonyan
I would first of all have thought about tuberculosis in general then ...
alina
Pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia. Treatment of pneumonia. At what age can it begin?
Mycoplasma pneumonias - Pneumonia.
Pneumonia.
Pneumonia - a frequent pathogen of respiratory infections from a clinical point of view is the most important representative of the Mycoplasma group. Pneumonia spreads when coughing with large drops of mucus. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks. Pneumonia often affects schoolchildren and young adults, but it is possible at any age.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Most often the disease proceeds as acute or subacute tracheobronchitis or as pneumonia.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Headache, weakness, hyperthermia, sore throat and dry, paroxysmal cough, which later becomes productive. As complications of pneumonia of concomitant diseases are noted: otitis media, bullous inflammation eardrum, maculopapular rash on the skin, multiform erythema, sometimes Stevens syndrome - Johnson. Rare complications of pneumonia are meningoencephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, radicular syndrome, monoarthritis, myocarditis, coagulopathy, hemolytic anemia, pulmonary edema and hepatitis.
Pneumonia usually stops without treatment after 2-4 weeks, but adequate antibiotic therapy reduces its duration. Erythromycin 500 mg 4 times a day, tetracycline 250 mg 4 times a day, doxycycline 100 mg 2 times a day for 10-14 days - the recommended scheme for adults. In severe pneumonia, intravenous erythromycin 500 mg after 6 hours. Children younger than 8-10 years old - erythromycin 30-50 mg / kg per day inside for 2 weeks. New drugs from the group of macrolides are active against mycoplasma, but their superiority over erythromycin is not proven.
Tuberculosis, symptoms of tuberculosis, treatment of tuberculosis
The causative agent of the disease is mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Koch's wand. With the active form of tuberculosis, Koch's rod multiplies rapidly in the lungs of the patient and destroys the lungs, poisons the human body with the products of its vital activity, releasing into it toxins. There is a process of tuberculous intoxication, otherwise poisoning the human body. Treatment of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has considerable resistance to various physical and chemical agents, cold, heat, moisture and light. In natural conditions, in the absence of sunlight, they can remain viable for several months. In the street dust, mycobacteria persist for 10 days. On the pages of books they can remain alive for three months. In water, mycobacteria persist for very long (within 150 days). Mycobacterium tuberculosis can withstand rotting processes and may persist for several months in buried corpses.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted, mainly by airborne droplets, getting into the respiratory organs from a sick person to a healthy one, causing pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition to the lungs, tuberculosis can affect various organs and tissues of a person: eyes, bones, skin, genitourinary system, intestines, etc.
In the absence of treatment, mortality from active tuberculosis reaches 50% within one to two years. In the remaining 50% of cases, untreated tuberculosis passes into a chronic form. A chronic patient can live for a while, continuing to secrete mycobacterium tuberculosis and infect others.
Symptoms of tuberculosis
When Koch's rods come into the lungs (or another organ that first gets tuberculous a rod) develops a primary focus of inflammation, which is expressed in the appearance of symptoms of the usual inflammation. But unlike banal infection, the inflammatory process with tuberculosis develops very slowly (this is a chronic infection that lasts for years) and is prone to necrosis of the primary inflammation focus. Complaints of patients are very diverse. Conditionally they can be divided into nonspecific: malaise, weakness, subfebrile temperature, poor appetite, weight loss, pale skin, etc. and specific (peculiar mainly to tuberculosis): sweating at night and in the morning (as a manifestation of intoxication)
jury coarse
Pneumonia (dr. -Greg. πνευμονία from πνεύμων), inflammation of the lungs - inflammation of the lung tissue, usually of infectious origin with the primary lesion of the alveoli (the development of inflammatory exudation in them) and the interstitial tissue of the lung [1][2].
The term "pneumonia" unites a large group of diseases, each of which has its own etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, radiographic signs, characteristic data of laboratory studies and features therapy.
Noninfectious inflammatory processes in the pulmonary tissue are usually called pneumonitis or (in case of primary lesion of the respiratory parts of the lungs) by the alveolitis. Against a background of similar aseptic inflammatory processes, bacterial, viral-bacterial or fungal pneumonia often develops.
The main diagnostic methods are X-ray examination of the lungs and sputum examination, the main method of treatment is antibacterial therapy. Later diagnosis and delay with the onset of antibacterial therapy worsen the prognosis of the disease. In some cases, a lethal outcome is possible.
Throughout the world, pneumonia affects about 450 million people a year, about 7 million cases result in a fatal outcome [3].
Black Furies
Pneumonia... And it's kind of strong.. Maybe he has cancer already
Natalia Vladimirovna
this is a heavy recovery of the lungs. like this
Natalia Kim
Wikipedia
Catherine
Read more segmental pneumonia.
Anton Kovtun
X. Is Clinton here?
Viral pneumonia - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Viral pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue caused by viruses. It often occurs in children, in adults it has a mixed character - viral-bacterial. The virus adversely affects the immune system, because of this, a bacterial infection can join the virus. Dangerous such pneumonia is for young children, the elderly, and those who suffer from lung pathology. What to do in this situation? What are the symptoms of viral pneumonia? What treatment is effective?Symptoms of viral pneumonia
Symptoms are similar to respiratory viral infection or influenza:
1. The body temperature rises.
2. The appearance of an unproductive cough.
3. There is pain in the chest area.
4. You may have a runny nose and a lot of it in your throat.
5. There is pain in the muscles.
6. Very severe headache, shortness of breath, a person is shivering.
7. At the person there is a vomiting, a nausea and a diarrhea, it speaks about the general intoxication in an organism.
After 3 days, the cough is moistened, sputum may leak with blood.
All signs of the disease develop depending on the period of the disease. For the first time the days of the disease it runs hard, while it breaks the body, there is a toxicosis, a severe headache, muscle pain, chills, eyes turn red. In the chest can occur pain, shortness of breath, which turns blue face and fingertips, cough at first dry, then it can be wet, sputum is secreted with blood. In the lungs wet rales are heard.
Causes of Viral Pneumonia
Due to the fact that viruses enter the lungs, this disease develops, it can be infected by airborne droplets when a person inhales it. Most often, the causative agent of viral pneumonia in children is adenovirus, respiratory syncytial, influenza virus or parainfluenza. Also measles virus can cause pneumonia, especially in children who are very weak. In adults, pneumonia occurs due to two influenza viruses - A and B, a varicella-zoster virus. Those who have problems with the immune system, due to the fact that they get cytomegalovirus or the herpes virus, develop a severe form of pneumonia.
Diagnosis of viral pneumonia
Most often, the diagnosis is made on the basis of an examination that indicates respiratory failure and impairment in the respiratory system. An X-ray is mandatory. It can detect darkening and a diffuse infiltrate.
A general blood test shows a moderate increase in white blood cells, maybe a decrease on the contrary. Always in this situation, increased ESR.
The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of taking mucus in the throat, nasopharynx, nose, also when the antibody titers in the blood grow to certain types of viruses.
For the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, you need to pay attention to such factors:
1. Consider the epidemiological situation regarding influenza and other acute respiratory diseases.
2. Pay attention to the symptoms of the flu and other acute respiratory infections.
3. On the x-ray, changes in the lungs are visible.
4. The virus is found in the mucus of the nose, throat and nasopharynx.
5. The titers of antibodies in the blood grow up to 4 times.
Treatment of viral pneumonia
It is performed under steady-state conditions, antibiotics, oxygen inhalations, detoxification therapy are used for this. With viral pneumonia, antiviral drugs are not prescribed, only in severe and serious cases. If pneumonia occurs due to the herpes virus or chicken pox, acyclovir is prescribed. Viral pneumonia can be a complication of the flu, therefore it is best to vaccinate annually for prophylactic purposes.
Viral influenza pneumonia
The disease sharply begins, while the body temperature can rise rapidly, chills occur, maybe intoxication, with a severe headache, bothers in the bones, there is pain in the muscles, there is no appetite, vomiting and nausea. There may be a paroxysmal cough, then mucous sputum appears with blood. Often there is bronchospasm.
X-ray of the lungs shows a lesion and an enhanced vascular pattern. When viral-bacterial pneumonia develops, the lungs can be affected.
A special form of pneumonia is hemorrhagic. It is very leaking and the symptoms of intoxication are sharply expressed. In this case, cough immediately with bloody sputum, then its amount increases dramatically. In this case, the body temperature rises, cyanosis, dyspnea occurs. In the following days, respiratory failure may develop, the lungs swell, it all ends with hypoxic coma and death.
Pneumonia caused by different viruses
1. Paragrippus.
2. Adenoviruses.
3. Respiratory syncytial virus.
Symptoms are similar to influenza pneumonia, but this form of pneumonia is much less fever, may be a tracheitis, a slow inflammatory process in the lungs.
With adenovirus pneumonia, there is a catarrhal tracheobronchitis, a prolonged cough, hemoptysis, rhinopharyngitis, persistent fever, lymph nodes on the neck increase, may also occur conjunctivitis. With adenovirus, pneumonia has a viral-bacterial character.
If pneumonia is caused by a respiratory syncytial virus, the body temperature can go up to 10 days, there is pain in the of the chest, in the lungs, wet and dry wheezing may occur, viral pneumonia has symptoms rhinopharyngitis.
What is the difference between viral pneumonia and the usual?
There is no purulent sputum, fever and intoxication. The disease can affect the alveoli with which gas exchange takes place, because of this there are disorders in the saturation of the blood, tissues lack oxygen.
So, viral pneumonia is a serious illness that needs to be treated immediately, because it can be quite dangerous. To protect yourself from it, you need not to forget for preventive measures, be sure to follow your lifestyle, eat rationally, walk as much as possible outdoors. In the event of an epidemic, avoid public places.
medportal.su
Symptoms of pneumonia of the lungs
Before discussing the symptoms of pneumonia, it is necessary to understand a little the nature of the disease and clarify the meaning of terms describing the inflammatory processes in the lungs.
The nature of the disease and its causes
Until the beginning of the 21st century, Soviet medicine extended the expanded interpretation of the term "pneumonia." It was used to describe any acute focal inflammation of the lung tissue regardless of the cause. In the Russian classification of the disease "acute pneumonia" there were isolated such forms as "pneumonia from exposure chemical and physical factors allergic pneumonia infectious-allergic pneumonia "and others options.Currently, in accordance with international standards, the term "pneumonia" refers to acute infectious diseases of the pulmonary tissue of predominantly bacterial nature. It is characterized by a local (focal) lesion of the respiratory tissue of the lung with the swelling of the inflammatory fluid into the pulmonary vesicles. Symptoms of inflammation in the lung tissue are revealed when the patient is examined by a doctor and an x-ray examination of the chest organs. For inflammation of the lungs are characterized by: acute febrile reaction (fever) and severe intoxication.
Since this disease by definition is an acute infectious disease, the definition of "acute" before the word "pneumonia" in the diagnosis became redundant and out of use.
Is there a chronic pneumonia?
The term "chronic pneumonia" in modern medicine is also not used, as it lost a real clinical basis. "Chronic pneumonia" of the 20th century was divided into several diseases of different nature. To distinguish them was made possible by improving the methods of examination and the progress of medical science. Chronic inflammatory reaction in the pulmonary ways takes place with all these diseases, which have received separate names and special methods of treatment. The most common of these is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a constant companion of tobacco smokers. Chronic bacterial infection is also characteristic of bronchiectasis.
What external signs does pneumonia have?
The first symptoms of inflammation of the lungs, which tell patients:- sudden onset of the disease;
- acute fever (body temperature increase 8 8 ° C);
- tremendous chills;
- acute chest pain, worse with coughing and breathing;
- cough dry or unproductive;
- expectoration of a rusty color in a small amount;
- dyspnea;
- pronounced general weakness, fatigue;
- sweating at night and with minimal physical exertion.
The thought of pneumonia should occur when a combination of body temperature increases with complaints of coughing, sputum separation, dyspnea, chest pain. Also, patients with pneumonia, complain of unmotivated weakness, fatigue, increased sweating at night.
How to recognize the latent form of the disease?
Almost in all age categories - in children, adolescents and adults, inflammation of the lungs has a similar clinical picture. But it is possible and hidden, sluggish form of the disease. Symptoms such as chest pain with coughing, fever and other signs may not be present in weakened adolescents or adults.
The latent symptomatology of pneumonia can be observed in the elderly. In 25% of patients aged> 65 there is no increase in body temperature, and the disease can manifest as fatigue, weakness, nausea, lack of appetite, abdominal pain, impaired consciousness.
Objective signs of inflammation of the lungs
The next stage of diagnosis of the disease after questioning is examination of the patient, revealing the objective symptoms of pneumonia. These are signs of a disease that the doctor finds in the patient when examining, tapping the chest (percussion) and listening to the lungs (auscultation).
Classical objective symptoms are:
- Stupidity of percussion sound when tapping over inflamed areas of the lungs.
- Listening to hard breathing over a limited area of the lung tissue at the site of inflammation.
- Local listening to sonorous small bubbling rales over the inflamed area of the lung.
The main criterion that confirms pneumonia is the asymmetry of the lesion, that is, the presence of objective signs of inflammation of the lungs only on one side of the chest.
In almost 20% of cases, objective signs of pneumonia in patients may differ from the classical ones or absent. In these cases, latent symptoms can lead to diagnostic errors. Fortunately, in the arsenal of doctors there is a way to detect the inflammation of the lungs with the help of X-rays.
X-ray signs of pneumonia
The main x-ray symptom of pneumonia is a local compaction (infiltration) of lung tissue found in a patient with external signs of acute inflammation of the respiratory system.The consolidation of the pulmonary tissue in pneumonia usually has a one-sided nature. Two-sided infiltration is rare. This symptom is more typical for swelling of the lungs, metastases of malignant tumors, systemic connective tissue diseases with respiratory organs.
An x-ray study with suspicion of pneumonia is conducted in all patients without exception: newborns, adolescents, adults, pregnant and lactating women, elderly people. This rule is associated with the danger of a diagnostic error, high mortality when delayed in prescribing antibiotics for patients with pneumonia.
Symptoms of viral pneumonia
Acute viral respiratory infection and pneumonia itself are various diseases. Viral infection, of course, is a leading risk factor for inflammation of the lungs. However, painful changes in the lung tissue caused by respiratory viruses should be clearly delimited from pneumonia. After all, the treatment of these conditions is fundamentally different. True microbial pneumonia is qualitatively different from that of lungs by viruses, which is characterized by bilateral infiltration along the way of the pulmonary vessels.
Viral infection, especially highly pathogenic influenza ("pork "avian"), can occur in the form of bilateral lung damage with inflammation in the course of the pulmonary vessels. At laboratory confirmation of the presence of highly pathogenic influenza virus in the patient's sputum and the absence of other pathogens in it, the diagnosis of viral pneumonia is justified.
The first significant symptoms of viral influenza pneumonia are rapidly increasing dyspnoea, an increase in temperature bodies to very high figures (9 9 ° C), a painful cough with bloody frothy sputum, a sharp general weakness. Influenza pneumonia is a very dangerous condition requiring treatment in the intensive care unit.
What is croupous pneumonia?
The term "croup pneumonia" is a traditional name for pneumococcal pneumonia, which has all the classic symptoms of lung inflammation in its entirety. Croup pneumonia is practically the only of all forms of this disease, in which a preliminary diagnosis corresponds to an aetiological (pneumococcal infection).
Croupous pneumonia develops sharply, beginning with a tremendous chill and a swift rise in body temperature to 39-40 ° C. An early sign is the appearance of chest pain on the side of the lesion, which is sharply aggravated by deep inhalation or coughing. First, the cough is dry, then on the second or third day of the disease, rusty or brown sputum appears. Characteristic signs are reddening of the face, especially on the side of the lesion, frequent shallow breathing to 30 per minute and more. Croup pneumonia usually affects one lung (usually the right one) and can capture 1, 2 or 3 lobes.
Atypical pneumonia in adolescents
The term "atypical pneumonia" means the belonging of the causative agent to microbes, called "atypical flora". Atypical flora are intracellular infectious agents - mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella. Inflammation of the lungs, caused by mycoplasmas, most often affects young people in organized collectives - military service personnel, students, children, adolescents (20-30% of all pneumonia). And, on the contrary, at patients of the senior ages atypical pneumonia is diagnosed extremely seldom.Atypical mycoplasmal or chlamydial infection is accompanied by muscle and headaches, chills, symptoms of ARI. Hemoptysis and chest pain are uncharacteristic of pneumonia caused by atypical flora.
Treat such a disease as atypical pneumonia, special drugs - antibiotics from a group of new macrolides (josamycin, rovamycin, spiramycin, klatsid). These drugs are approved for use in children and adolescents and do not cause intestinal dysbiosis.
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