Tablets from a cough list

How to choose a cough medicine?

What are the cough tablets?

Effective drugs for cough therapy in adults, adolescents and children is an actual topic to date and this is related to common cases of self-medication and a huge choice of drugs in the form of syrups, tablets, potions, drops, suspensions, sprays, inhalers, infusions and tinctures. In this case, patients often consult a pharmacist and pharmacist who can not assess the nature of the cough, determine the diagnosis and severity disease, the possibility of a complicated course of nosological form, which can be determined only by a qualified specialist - therapist, pediatrician or family doctor. If necessary, additional instrumental methods of examination are prescribed.

The correct treatment of a cough is not to suppress the cough reflex, which is a protective reaction of the body to irritation of the respiratory tract due to the development in them inflammatory process and with sputum production (wet cough) or with minimal mucus presence (dry unproductive cough), and also in case of inhalation of any irritant factor:

• small particles of dust;
• foreign objects;
• various infectious agents - pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, fungi;
• allergens.

In some cases, cough, especially in childhood, can occur in diseases that are not associated with pathological processes directly in the respiratory system, but has a central (neurogenic) nature - with neuroses, the syndrome of hyperactivity, psychopathy. Also cough is an additional symptom in diseases of other organs or systems: allergic diseases, heart and vascular diseases, digestive organs.

Therefore, in each specific case, a diagnosis and careful selection of strictly defined and maximized effective cough tablets for complex therapy of the underlying disease with elimination or relief of a specific type of cough.

Pathogenesis of cough

Mucous membranes of the trachea, bronchi and alveoli normally produce mucus.

But with inflammatory processes that occur during seasonal infections, colds, cough is one of the symptoms, acutely occurring pathological processes that accompanied by an increase in temperature, lethargy, weakness, runny nose and general malaise, in connection with the development of the inflammatory process in the epithelial cells of the larynx, trachea, pharynx, bronchi or alveoli. At the same time, hyperemia with persistent edema and production of mucous exudate develops, aimed at evacuating viruses and pathogenic microorganisms from the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Another cause of coughing is bronchospasm.

Inflammation of the alveoli, pleura, or lung tissue with pneumonia and pleurisy is accompanied by frequent dry, and irritating cough, but the diagnosis of these diseases is carried out only in the conditions of a medical institution.

Types of cough and treatment tactics

Cough, depending on the amount of sputum in the respiratory tract is divided into wet and dry.

In this case, treatment of each type of cough has its own characteristics and determines the choice of cough medicine.

Tablets from dry cough, in most cases suppress the cough reflex (blocking the cough center or the receptors of the tracheobronchial tree), so their

It is unacceptable to use for the treatment of a damp cough, as a result of which evacuation of sputum and bronchial clearance are completely blocked by a constantly developing secret.

Also, do not use tablets from wet cough, dilute sputum and promote both its formation, and an easier expectoration in the occurrence of dry cough, which is associated with irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract by a catarrhal inflammatory process or irritation with chemical or physical agents. If they are not effective, they can stimulate the secretion when the cells are not ready for it, so there is aggravation of edema and inflammation of the bronchi and trachea.

It is important to remember that cough is only a symptom of the disease and the main point of therapy is the definition and elimination of the cause of the pathological process.

Causes of cough in children and adults

To date, the main causes of coughing are:

1. Diseases of the respiratory system

1. Catarrhal and infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary system of viral and bacterial etiology (considered the largest and most important group of pathologies that are accompanied by a cough):
   • diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharyngitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis);
   • pathological processes in the lower respiratory tract (tracheitis, tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia, pleurisy, alveolitis, lung abscess);
2. Specific infectious and inflammatory processes (tuberculosis and mycosis of the lungs, chlamydial pneumonia), 3) Diseases of infectious-allergic and allergic genesis (bronchial asthma, angioedema larynx);
3. Congenital pathology of bronchi and lungs (bronchial hypoplasia, congenital bronchiectasis);
4. Children's infectious diseases (whooping cough, measles, scarlet fever);
5. Benign and malignant neoplasms of the respiratory tract (lung sarcoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, pleural tumors);
6. Irritation of mucous respiratory tract by aggressive chemical substances (poisoning with petrol vapors, acetone, carbon monoxide);
7. Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract;
8. Interstitial lung diseases.

2. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

• heart defects (congenital and acquired);
• angina pectoris;
• heart failure;
• inflammatory diseases of the heart (myocarditis, pericarditis).

3. Diseases of the digestive tract

• gastroesophageal reflux;

4. Diseases of the nervous system

• neurogenic dysfunction of the pharynx musculature;
• neuroses;
• Parkinson's disease;
• organic pathology of the brain (post-stroke complications, brain tumors).

5. Other reasons

• a smoker's cough;
• cough, as a side effect when taking certain medicines (inhibitors of renin-angiotensin).

Effective elimination of the cause of the occurrence of cough, is the basis for the therapy of cough, directed at the etiologic factor.

Classification of drugs that eliminate and relieve cough

The modern classification of medical devices that affect cough is extensive, but to date the drugs are positively affecting the occurrence of cough reflex, its productivity and intensity in pharmacology and medicine are divided into three main groups:

1. drugs that directly exert a retarding effect on the cough center of the central nervous system (in the brain) and on the nerve endings of cough receptors with complete or partial suppression of cough;
2. drugs affecting smooth muscle and bronchial mucosa;
3. drugs affecting the state of bronchial secretions.

Dry cough pills

Dry cough occurs as a complex reflex protective reaction of the body, which occurs with constant irritation of the respiratory tract by any infectious or other foreign agents with simultaneous presence of catarrhal inflammation and edema of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract with minimal production of sputum, mainly in the development of viral or bacterial infections.

Dry cough is irritating and unproductive, and most often occurs with catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract - larynx, nasopharynx and / or the initial part of the trachea, as well as their combined lesions - laryngopharyngitis, laryngotracheitis and pharyngotracheitis. Also, a frequent dry and irritating cough can occur in children with infectious diseases - measles, paracut, parotitis, whooping cough and scarlet fever.

Dry cough can be a symptom of pleurisy, bronchoadenitis, the presence of a foreign body of bronchial tubes, as well as a symptom of diseases of other systems: psychogenic cough with neuroses or irritating cough with endocrinopathies and diseases of the digestive system (gastroesophageal reflux).

In this type of cough, in a number of cases, antitussive drugs that depress the cough reflex are prescribed. It is important to remember that this type of medication is used only for the purpose of the doctor at any age, but in young children (up to a year), premature and weakened babies, in the presence of perinatal pathology of the central nervous system, these drugs can oppress not only the cough reflex, but also respiratory center. Therefore, in pediatric practice, these drugs are prescribed only under the constant supervision of a specialist in the case of severe dry cough, significantly disturbing the well-being and sleep of the child, causing regurgitation and vomiting - in whooping cough, parakoklishe and in the complex therapy of obstructive bronchitis and bronchopneumonia.

These drugs are divided:

• preparations of central action;
• peripheral action;
• combined medicines.

Counter-cough medicines of central action

A group of drugs affecting the center-center cough center is used to eliminate coughing and is used to treat diseases with no sputum. It includes mainly medicines for the treatment of dry cough:

1. With narcotic effect (Morphine chloride, Codeine, Demorphan, Hydrocodone, Codipron, and Ethylmorphine hydrochloride).

2. Without a narcotic effect (Tusuprex, Glavent, Sedotussin, Sinekod, Pakseladin, Butamirat).

Narcotic antitussive medicines

These drugs are released in the pharmacy network only when presenting a prescription.

With caution the drugs of this group are prescribed for acute pain in the abdomen of an unknown genesis, convulsions (in the anamnesis), arrhythmia, alcoholism, bouts of asthma, suicidal tendencies, neuroses and emotional lability. And also with intracranial hypertension and brain injuries of prostatic hyperplasia, renal and / or hepatic insufficiency, hypothyroidism, severe inflammatory bowel disease, and with urethral strictures channel. Very rarely drugs of this group are assigned to weakened patients, in any period of pregnancy and during lactation, and also elderly patients and children due to a large number of adverse reactions, the possibility of overdose and poisoning.

It should be noted that the use of other antitussive and expectorants simultaneously with narcotic antitussives is prohibited.

The most common drugs in this group are Codeine and codeine-containing drugs and Ethylmorphine.

Codeine

Codeine is an alkaloid of opium and is formed synthetically by methylation of morphine. Its therapeutic effect is based on suppressing the redistribution of the cough center of the brain.

Codeine is part of the combination of medications that are used as symptomatic agents for the treatment of an obsessive, painful and debilitating cough:

1) in combination with expectorant drugs and terpinhydrate

• Terpinkod;
• Codterpine;
• Kodarin;

2) with sodium hydrocarbonate, a herb of thermopsis and a root of licorice

• Codesan;
• Kodelak;

3) in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, metamizole, paracetamol and analgin, and) with the inclusion of some preparations of phenobarbital with its soothing action

• Sedalgin;
• Pentalgin;
• Solpadein;
• Nurofen Plus.

Ethylmorphine

Ethylmorphine is a central antitussive drug that promotes stimulation of opioid receptors neurons of the brain and a decrease in the excitability of the cough center and providing analgesic and soothing act. It is available in the form of tablets.

Indication for use Ethylmorphine is an unproductive, painful cough that is accompanied by a pain syndrome with pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, neoplasms of the bronchopulmonary system.

Contraindication to the use of this drug is respiratory depression against the background of various infectious and inflammatory processes of the lungs (bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema and other COPD), especially in the elderly, as well as increased sensitivity to drug. The most frequent adverse reactions are persistent headaches, insomnia, permanent constipation (especially in the elderly and senile age, in weakened patients) and the development of drug dependencies.

Non-narcotic antitussive medications

To date, the pharmacy network has a very large selection of non-narcotic antitussive drugs, which can be considered true cough tablets. Typical representatives of this group are Libexin, Paxeladin, Glaucin, Sedotussin, Tusuprex, Sinekod and other preparations.

The mechanism of action of these drugs:

• oppressive effect on the nerve endings of cough receptors with complete or partial suppression of cough and mediated inhibition of the cough center;
• interruption or weakening of signals going to the brain (medulla oblongata) from the affected mucosa of the trachea and bronchi.

Some of these substances are part of a combination of drugs, mainly Glaucin, which is an antitussive component many medicines containing also other soothing, expectorant or anti-inflammatory components (Stoptussin, Broncholitin).

Medicinal preparations of non-narcotic effect for today by patients and in some cases also by doctors are widely used, but, to Unfortunately, it is often unreasonable and wrong, because the indication for their purpose is the need to suppress frequent, irritating cough. In pediatrics, such cases are rare - mainly with whooping cough or in cases of intense productive cough with intense production sputum with the formation of abundant and liquid bronchial secretion (bronchorrhea), when there is a real threat of aspiration of bronchial contents.

In patients in the older age group (children over 12 years, adolescents, adults), these drugs are prescribed in cases of cough, combined with moderate bronchospasm. At the same time they are used both independently and as an addition to bronchodilator drugs, suppressing catarrhal or allergic inflammation.

The most commonly prescribed drugs in this group are Butamyrate, Libexin, Bithiodine, Paxeladine.

Butamate

This antitussive drug effectively inhibits the excitability of the cough center, while providing moderate anti-inflammatory, expectorant action and a weak bronchodilator effect, reducing irritation of the trachea and bronchi and potentiating antitussive action without depressing influence on the respiratory center.

Butamirate tablets are used for symptomatic treatment of inflammatory diseases of the bronchopulmonary system in adults and children and over 12 years of age who are accompanied by a frequent unproductive and severe irritating cough that has an obsessive character. Butamirate is the main component of medicines Sinekod, Kodelak-Neo, Omnitus.

Bithiodine

Antitussive drug, the therapeutic effect of which is due to active influence on the receptors of the mucous membrane of the bronchopulmonary system and to a lesser extent on the cough center of the central nervous system. Its active ingredient is Tipedidine, which is close to codeine by force of action, but does not cause drug dependence even with prolonged use.

Paxeladin

This drug refers to antitussive drugs that do not have a chemical affinity for either opioids or their derivatives, or antihistamines. Its active ingredient is oxeladine citrate, which acts selectively at the level of the cough nerve centers. Pakseladin is released in prolonged-action capsules and in syrup. Like all non-narcotic antitussives, it is prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of frequent dry cough in most cases spastic or reflex. It is not used to treat productive cough - it is difficult to get rid of phlegm and aggravation of inflammatory processes, conditions are created for the development of complications (bronchopneumonia, pleurisy). Also, do not apply Paxeladin simultaneously with expectorant and mucolytic drugs - in this case, activates viscous products sputum, which provokes the development of bronchospasm, peristalsis of small and medium bronchi and obliteration of the lumen of the bronchi, which aggravates cough.
It is not recommended to use capsules before the age of 15 years.

Indications and features of non-narcotic antitussive drugs

A group of non-narcotic antitussive medicines of central action is shown mainly with a cough that is associated with marked irritation of mucous epiglotti (upper) respiratory tracts arising from infectious and / or catarrhal inflammation. In this case, the positive result is usually enhanced when they are used together with preparations of peripheral antitussive action with enveloping effect. An example of such a combined action is Broncholitin. But the effectiveness of its use is justified only in the absence of pronounced inflammatory changes in the mucosa in the lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system, in connection with the fact that the ephedrine entering into it "dries" the bronchial mucosa, increasing the viscosity of the bronchial secretion, increasing the inefficiency of coughing in bronchitis and pneumonia. Ephedrine also has an exciting effect on the central nervous system, so the use of this drug in children unjustified and dangerous - it can disrupt the child's sleep, contributing to increased dyspnoea and unproductive cough.

It is important to remember that the use of this group of drugs as self-medication can do more harm than good, cause complications in the form of bronchial obstruction, increasing the viscosity of bronchial secretions and promote the progression of inflammatory processes, edema and lowering of the pathological process in lower departments.

Group of peripheral drugs

The peripheral group includes pharmacological preparations from dry cough acting on nerve receptors and endings that are located in the tracheobronchial tree - Libexin, Levopront and Helicidin.

Libexin

Libexin is considered an effective antitussive drug, which additionally has a local anesthetic, bronchodilator and spasmolytic effects and has a moderate expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect with minimal decrease in respiratory activity center. The basic form of Libexin is round flat tablets of almost white color with a dividing stripe into four equal parts on one side and engraving "LIBEXIN" on the other, containing 100 mg of active ingredient - prenoxdiazin hydrochloride.

This drug is currently considered a drug of choice in the treatment of laryngitis, tracheitis, pharyngitis and less frequent bronchitis, which are accompanied by a dry, unproductive cough. Also as one of the components in the complex therapy of pleurisy and pneumonia, which are accompanied by pain and obstructive syndromes, and with congenital diseases of bronchopulmonary system, cystic fibrosis and other chronic lung diseases: tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, emphysema in children and adults as a symptomatic remedy with compulsive irritating coughing.

With caution this drug is prescribed for ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the presence of a history of gastric bleeding, liver or kidney failure, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, allergic form of bronchial asthma with a tendency to stand bronchial obstruction.

Libexin is contraindicated for individual intolerance, pregnancy (especially in the first trimester), lactation and in early childhood.

Levoprint

This drug is prescribed for frequent dry cough to children and adults. It is released as a syrup and drops for oral administration.

Absolute contraindications to its reception are:

• pregnancy in any period;
• lactation period;
• liver failure;
• decreased mucociliary function of the bronchi;
• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Levoproton can cause side effects in the form of increased fatigue, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, tachycardia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting and allergic reactions. With long-term use of this drug, mental disorders, the development of sopor and coma, possible, especially with overdoses in childhood and the elderly.

Group of antitussive drugs combined action

These drugs have simultaneously reducing the cough reflex effect and expectorant, moderate anti-inflammatory and mild bronchodilator actions in connection with their constituent several components - Stopptussin, Butamirate, Libexin-Muko, Tussin plus, Bronholitin, Protiazin, Hexapneumine.

All drugs of this group are widely used for the treatment of dry and unproductive cough, but it is important to remember that

They are contraindicated in the presence of productive wet cough or other conditions that are accompanied by abundant sputum discharge, as well as with the likelihood of developing pulmonary hemorrhages.

Therefore, the choice of an antitussive drug should be performed by a physician on the basis of an anamnesis, clinical examination of the patient and, if necessary, additional methods (laboratory or instrumental).

Indications and features of antitussive drugs

A group of "true" antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action is shown mainly with a cough that is associated with marked irritation of mucous epiglotti (upper) respiratory tracts arising from infectious and / or catarrhal inflammation. In this case, a positive result is usually enhanced when they are used together with drugs that have anti-inflammatory and enveloping effects in addition. An example of such a combined action is Broncholitin. But the effectiveness of its use is justified only in the absence of pronounced inflammatory changes in the mucosa in the lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system, in connection with the fact that the ephedrine entering into it "dries" the bronchial mucosa, increasing the viscosity of the bronchial secretion, increasing the inefficiency of coughing in bronchitis and pneumonia. Ephedrine also has an exciting effect on the central nervous system, so the use of this drug in children unjustified and dangerous - it can disrupt the child's sleep, contributing to increased dyspnoea and unproductive cough.

It is important to remember that the use of this group of drugs as self-medication can do more harm than good, cause complications in the form of bronchial obstruction, increase the viscosity of the bronchial secretion and promote the progression of inflammatory processes, edema and lowering of the pathological process in the lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system.

Cough preparations of local action

This group of antitussive drugs includes drugs that depress the cough reflex as a result of anesthesia of the mucous membranes respiratory tract, in connection with which the irritating effect of various agents, both infectious and non-infectious (chemical and physical factors). These drugs also reduce the viscosity of phlegm and relax the bronchi.

To local anesthetics include tablets Libexin, Tusuprex and resorption tablets Falimint.

Tusuprex

Tablets Tusuprex is often used for symptomatic cough therapy in children from the year, adolescents and adults patients, but in pediatric practice they are used only according to the doctor's prescription (due to the complexity of dosing in young children age). Also, this drug should not be used against the background of the development of bronchospasm (with obstructive bronchitis and bronchial asthma), in the presence of confirmed bronchiectasis and for any disease that is accompanied by a difficult separation phlegm.

Falimint

Tablets for resorption of the Falimint are indicated in the presence of an unproductive irritant cough that is caused by pronounced catarrh of the upper respiratory tract (pharynx, larynx and upper parts trachea). This drug has in its composition a local anesthetic component and therefore reduces the intensity of dry cough.

Falimint does not apply:

• in children under 4 years;
• during pregnancy and lactation;
• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• with intolerance to fructose.

Drugs affecting the state of bronchial secretions

Separately, a group of drugs with mucolytic and / or expectorant action is distinguished. These tablets and syrups, which are used in wet productive cough and are divided into the following subspecies of drugs:

1. Expectorants:

a) having predominantly reflex action:

• Terpinhydrate, Thermopsis, Sodium benzoate, Lycorin;
• the roots of Licorice, Devyasil, Istad and Althea;
• essential oils.

b) stimulating gastropulmonary and / or vomiting reflex:

• Gwaiphenazine, Ipecacuan, Sodium Citrate, Ammonium Chloride.

c) resorptive action with increased bronchial secretion:

• Sodium iodide, Sodium bicarbonate, Ammonium chloride, Potassium iodide.

2. Mucolytic agents:

a) direct action, which quickly destroy the polymer bonds of bronchial mucus:

• Mukaltin;
• The mukonist;
• Mukobene;
• Exomuk;
• Acetylcysteine, Fluimutsil, Carbocysteine ​​group (Mukopron, Bronkatar, Mukodin, Fluvik, Mistabron, Mucosol;
• preparations with infusions of leaves of plantain, mother-and-stepmother, licorice;
• enzymatic preparations that reduce the viscosity of sputum - Chymotrypsin, DNAase, Trypsin, Ribonuclease, Streptokinase, DNAase, Pulmozyme;

b) Indirect action (mucoregulators):

• Ambroxol (Ambrobene, Ambrosan, Ambroghexal, Khalixol, Medovent, Lazolvan, Ambrollanazolvan);
• Bromhexine (Fulpen, Flegamine, Broxin, Bisolvon);
• Carboxymethylcysteine, Sobregorod, Sodium Ethanesulfate, Letostein, Sodium bicarbonate;
• changing the productivity of bronchial glands - anticholinergic and antihistamines.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs with bronchodilator and / or expectorant effect:

• Suprima-bronho, Sinupret, Pulmotin, Glytsiram, Ascoril, Gelomirtol, Gedelix, Evkabal and Prospan.

Features of the use of expectorant drugs

At the basis of the mechanism of action of expectorants are - increased secretion of sputum by bronchial glands, dilution of secretion by reflex by way of and as a result of this easier departure of mucous or mucopurulent sputum from the lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system to its higher departments. These drugs actively irritate the receptors of the mucous membranes of the stomach and, inducing vomiting center, which is localized in the medulla oblongata and, in connection with this, significantly increase sputum excretion bronchi.

Expectorants are prescribed for diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in sputum production or vice versa, an abundance of thick, viscous, difficult-to-separate mucus that accumulates in the bronchi (with bronchitis and bronchial asthma), larynx (with laryngitis), in the trachea (with tracheitis), in the alveoli and small bronchioles (with bronchopneumonia and cystic fibrosis).

The use of expectorants for the treatment of respiratory diseases can not be combined with antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action that oppress the cough center or inhibit cough reflex. In this case, a large number of sputum accumulates in the lower respiratory tract, which often leads to their obliteration and development of severe infectious and inflammatory diseases (obstructive bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pleurisy).

There are two groups of expectorant drugs that differ in the mechanism of their therapeutic action:

• means of reflex action;
• medicines with direct effect.

And

• preparations of vegetable origin;
• synthetic drugs.

Popular expectorants of plant origin

Basically, almost all expectorants with a reflex action mechanism are represented medicinal plants and their extracts, which intensify and accelerate the excretion of sputum from the organs bronchopulmonary system. This group of medicines is extensive and in most cases they are represented by herbal medicines.

Expectorants have medicinal plants:

• licorice;
• thermopsis;
• anise;
• marshmallows;
• plantain;
• elecampane;
• ledum;
• oregano;
• thyme;
• mother and stepmother;
• ipecacuanha;
• thyme;
• violet;
• pine buds, etc.

Herbal extracts of these herbs are included in various breast pills, tablets, powders and syrups for the treatment of moist productive cough in children and adults.

Pills for cough with thermopsis

In most cases (and this is actually so), this drug is considered to be the best drug for treating wet cough.

Tablets from cough with thermopsis and sodium bicarbonate are very popular earlier and effective at the present time. Their balanced composition is a herb of thermopsis, which enhances sputum secretion while simultaneously reducing its viscosity and sodium bicarbonate, an emollient and gently tearing bonds in sputum molecules - effectively dilute sputum, promoting its rapid evacuation from the upper and lower divisions of the respiratory tract.

In these tablets there are no artificial additives, synthetic components, and in comparison with expensive medicinal preparations in efficiency they do not concede.

But for the purpose of this drug there are absolute contraindications:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• erosive and ulcerative pathological processes of the stomach and other parts of the digestive system;
• pregnancy.

Thermopsis is today considered to be an excellent remedy for treating wet cough in children. But it is important to remember that it is not used for infants for the therapy of bronchitis or bronchopneumonia with a large amount of sputum, while the child can not effectively cough, and thermopsis additionally activates the increase in mucus secretion by bronchial glands, which quickly leads to the development of respiratory insufficiency. Also, the herb of thermopsis has an emetic effect and the babies show frequent regurgitation and vomiting, which leads to dysfunctions of the digestive system, the development of lethargy, reduced weight gain and overall weakening of the body the kid.

Also, if the dose of Thermopsis is exceeded, its emetic effect is manifested, which can cause nausea at the beginning of treatment at any age (especially in children).

Mukaltin

Another effective herbal preparation for the treatment of wet cough is Muciltin tablets from cough, which are created on the basis of the extract of the drug althea. It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect, which is due to reflex stimulation ciliary epithelium of the respiratory tract and an increase in peristalsis of the bronchi and bronchioles with activation of secretion bronchial glands.

Muciltine tablets also contain sodium bicarbonate.

Currently, this drug is recognized as one of the most effective expectorant drugs that are used to treat productive wet cough in children and adults.

Doctor Mom

Dr. Mom is a complex herbal preparation that is used in the treatment of diseases accompanied by a damp productive or cough with viscous sputum. It consists of active plant substances that have expectorant, softening, secretory, anti-inflammatory, moderate bronchodilator and mucolytic effects.

At the heart of pastilles and syrup are dry extracts from leaves, roots, seeds, bark, flowers of medicinal plants: aloe, elecampane, basil, ginger, licorice, turmeric, pepper cubebe, terminalee beleriki and nightshade Indian.

Additional positive characteristics of this drug is its good tolerability, even with prolonged use.

With caution, this medicine should be taken by pregnant women and with lactation and only with the appointment of a doctor and with constant monitoring.

Also, Dr. Mom is not assigned simultaneously with medications that suppress the cough reflex. A good effect is the use of this plant expectorant in combination with mucolytic drugs (Ambroxol, Lazolvan and Bromhexin).

At the beginning of treatment or with prolonged or uncontrolled use of the drug, nausea may occur before vomiting or frequent regurgitation in young children, which is due to the presence in the formulation of an extract of licorice, which has a weak emetic effect.

Expectorants of artificial origin

At the basis of the mechanism of action of expectorant antitussive drugs of direct action is the enhancement elimination of bronchial secretion as a result of exposure to sputum and stimulation of bronchial peristalsis. This group of medicines is represented by artificial medicinal preparations - iodized salts of potassium and sodium, Benzoate sodium, sodium hydrochloride, terpinhydrate, ammonium chloride, potassium bromide and essential oils - eucalyptus fir, aniseed. They are quite effective and are mainly used for inhalations.

In the pharmacy network, you can buy a combination of drugs for the treatment of wet cough, which have in their composition as plant substances, and artificial components - Moist-anise drops and Pertussin, which contains the extract of thyme and bromide potassium.

Mucolytic drugs

The action of mucolytic drugs is aimed at diluting the thick and viscous secretion bronchial glands without increasing sputum secretion to facilitate their evacuation from the lower and upper respiratory tract.

Mucolytic tablets today are considered one of the main components in the therapy of wet cough. They also restore the mucous membranes of the bronchi and the elasticity of the lungs.

To this group of drugs are - Ambroxol, ATSTS, Bromheksin, Carboccithin. When combined with various plant expectorants with mucolytics, the effectiveness of both increases sharply. Also mucolytics potentiate the action of antibacterial drugs, increasing their effectiveness, Therefore, they are widely used in complex therapy of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, obstructive bronchitis and pleurisy.

Ambroxol and Bromhexin activate the formation of pulmonary surfactant, which ensures the normal functioning of the alveoli of the lungs, preventing their collapse and adhesion, therefore they are widely used in pediatric practice for the treatment of bronchopulmonary pathology in young children, premature babies and toddlers with intrauterine hypotrophy.

Their negative side is the ability to cause bronchospasm, which is considered a contraindication to the use of these drugs during periods of exacerbation of bronchial asthma.

The main groups of mucolytic drugs

In medicine and pharmacology mucolytics are divided into several groups:

1) drugs that are developed based on proteolytic enzymes - chymotrypsin, trypsin and mesna. But this group of medicines is used only in extreme cases, always in a hospital and under the supervision of the attending physician;
2) drugs based on acetylcysteine ​​- ATSTS, Mukobene, Fluimutsil, Exemuk, Mukomist and others.

The mechanism of action of these drugs is based on dilution of thick and viscous sputum as a result of rupture of large molecules of mucus to small in connection with this facilitates the process of coughing and evacuation of sputum from the respiratory tract. Also, acetylcysteine ​​drugs have a protective effect on the inflamed cells of the bronchopulmonary system.
Preparations of this group can not be taken simultaneously with antitussive drugs, which leads to stagnation of sputum in the bronchi and alveoli, oppression of the cough and the development of complications (bronchopneumonia, respiratory failure, and with the layering of aggressive microflora - abscesses of the lungs and purulent pleurisy).
3) drugs based on carbocisteine ​​(mucoregulators) - Bronkatar, Carbocysteine, Drill, Mukodin, Fluvik, Mukoprint.

They normalize not only the qualitative composition of the sputum (liquefying it and easing the cough), but also increase the activity of cells that produce bronchial secretion and the work of cilia of bronchial epithelium and bronchioles. And also have an anti-inflammatory effect and stimulate local immunity in connection with the increase in the production of protective immune complexes (group A immunoglobulins).
The most modern preparations of this group are Fluviert, its distinctive feature is a longer lasting effect.
4) mucolytics with expectorant effect - derivatives of Ambroxol and Bromhexine

The mechanism of action of these drugs is based on stimulation of secretion by alveoli of liquid sputum and liquefaction and already accumulated mucus, stimulate the formation of immunoglobulin and lysozyme in a bronchial secretion and have an expectorant effect.
But the pronounced effect of these drugs does not come immediately, but only on the fourth - the sixth day from the beginning of treatment.
Bromhexine preparations include - Flexin, Bronchosan, Flegamin, Bromoxin, Fulpen, Solvin.
Drugs of this group also can not be used simultaneously with antitussive drugs in connection with possible accumulation of excess sputum as a result of cough suppression and the absence of evacuation of the accumulated secretion from the bronchi and alveoli. In addition, when this group of drugs is prescribed, the use of a vibratory (drainage) massage and postural drainage (the patient's acceptance of certain body positions that improve the outflow phlegm).
Ambroxol preparations are active metabolites of Bromhexine with an improved chemical structure, so these medicinal means have a complex effect on the respiratory tract - mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and expectorant. Since 2012 Ambroxol is on the list of the most important and vital medicines. But Ambroxol preparations also can not be taken simultaneously with antitussive drugs.

The main drugs are Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Ambrohexal, Khaliksol, Bronhoverne, Dephlegmine, Ambrolan.

Good tablets against coughing

Definitions of "good pills for cough" from both medical and pharmaceutical point of view does not exist. Cough is only a symptom, the complete elimination of which or even its reduction can do more harm than good. With the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in both children and adults, treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of the pathological process - cupping bronchospasm, the elimination of inflammation, the removal of a foreign body from the trachea and bronchi or the treatment of other systems and organs - neuroses, psychopathies (with neurotic character of coughing).

Therefore, the choice of the drug for cough treatment is individual and is made after a patient's examination, careful collection of anamnesis and diagnosis.

Tablets for children cough

The right choice of medicines for cough therapy in children is determined by the main factors - the cause of cough, the mechanism of action of antitussive drugs, features of a cough reflex in a child, and the full spectrum of all these factors can be assessed only by a specialist who will assign the baby the correct one in each case treatment.

Inhibition of cough reflex in a child, the use of several antitussive drugs from different groups simultaneously, increasing dosages, multiplicities and the duration of taking the drug can lead to many negative consequences, the development and progression of hazardous to health and even life complications.

Tablets for coughing during pregnancy

Pregnancy in most cases is an absolute contraindication to taking many antitussive medicines, especially narcotic antitussives, many complex medicines, in connection with their pronounced negative impact on the embryo, followed by the development of fetopathies and other violations of the correct laying of organs and systems of the future child.

Relatively contraindicated medicinal products for treating cough are:

• insufficiently studied drugs, in which application the risk of a dangerous effect on the baby's body is possible;
• medicines, with the possible risk of development in the future mother of side effects.

Also on any period of pregnancy, some medicinal plants and medicinal funds that have them in its composition - juniper, nettle, oregano, mother-and-stepmother, St. John's Wort and others. The negative effect of medicinal herbs on the fetus is sometimes many times more active than synthetic drugs - they have a fetopathological and teratogenic effect on the fetus, change the hormonal background of the pregnant, can stimulate the contraction of the myometrium and cause miscarriages, especially in the early terms.

Therefore, even at the planning stage, and even more so in the early stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to take with caution any medicinal and / or homeopathic medicines and herbs.

kashelb.com

A cough medicine for children: a list of effective. What to give to children from a dry cough

Cough is the most common sign for respiratory diseases. Especially alarming is when it occurs in young children. Its causes are diverse, and, based on this, the methods of combating it are different. How to choose a cough medicine for children? To answer this question, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of occurrence of such a symptom.

The main causes leading to the occurrence of cough in children

Cough reflex is a natural process in the body. It can indicate the presence of the disease, but can only serve to purify the airways from accumulated secretions. A single unobtrusive cough, not accompanied by a rise in body temperature or any changes in the behavior of the child, should not cause parents special anxiety. If coughing causes anxiety, then it is necessary to find out its cause, in order to choose the most effective cough medicine for children.

There are two leading factors that cause the occurrence of cough: penetration into the body of a child the causative agent of infection (and the development of a corresponding catarrhal disease) or the presence of an allergic reaction. A child's organism, especially a newborn, is imperfect and very sensitive to various viruses and bacteria that cause respiratory diseases.

These harmful agents, falling into the respiratory system with a flow of inhaled air, get on the mucous membrane, are introduced into its cells and begin to actively multiply, while at the place of their introduction there is irritation and increased mucus formation, to which the body reacts cough. Similarly, a reaction to the ingress of allergens into the respiratory tract, whether particles of dust, animal hair or plant pollen, is formed. Cough is a protective reaction of the body to irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory system or inflammatory process in them and releases them from various mechanical particles, microorganisms and accumulated mucus. The following types of cough are distinguished by the nature, productivity and sound.

Types of cough

Distinguish cough dry (in other words, unproductive), arising at the initial stage of the disease and not accompanied by sputum, and wet (or productive), which occurs as sputum accumulates and contributes to its spillage.

Dry cough is considered the most intrusive. It can pass paroxysmally or resemble barking. Such a symptom tires the child, prevents him from sleeping and can cause vomiting. Barking coughing attacks most often occur with the development of tracheitis or laryngitis and are associated with changes in the vocal cords. To soften the throat, you can use anti-inflammatory sprays or lozenges and alkaline drink to children from dry cough. The medicine will remove the mucosal edema and reduce the inflammatory process.

Sometimes you can come across such a rare type of dry cough at the moment, like pertussis. It became rare because almost all children now receive vaccinations against whooping cough, which reliably protects them from this disease. Cough with whooping cough is dry, paroxysmal, leading the baby's body to exhaustion. With this disease prescribe sedatives and recommend walking in the fresh air.

Quite infrequently occurring disease - respiratory chlamydia of newborns, in which there is a development of coughing of sonorous, jerky, dry - staccato cough. When cured of the underlying disease, it quickly disappears.

There are also types of cough that are not associated with catarrhal diseases:

• cough of an allergic nature - manifests paroxysmally, often occurs at night, before the onset of an attack the child is cheerful, does not feel unwell, suddenly starts to cough often;
• spastic - differs from the usual dry cough in that with it at the end there is a whistling sound; he is very intrusive and is not treated with antitussive drugs;
• bitonal - occurs, in particular, when a foreign body enters the bronchi; with it, the low tone of the cough becomes high;
• cough, which occurs with bronchial asthma, - appears with deep breaths and is accompanied by pain;
• cough associated with food intake, sometimes arising in the pathology of the esophagus or stomach;
• cough of psychogenic origin, which occurs in stressful situations; he appears exclusively in the afternoon, but regularly, has a metallic echo.

The cough medicine for children should be selected taking into account that all respiratory diseases, in mostly manifested first dry cough, which after a period of time passes into wet. But still, by the nature of the cough, it is possible to distinguish which part of the respiratory system has started the inflammation.

Features of cough in certain respiratory diseases

Laryngitis, or inflammation of the larynx, is manifested in the child by a dry cough, hoarseness of the voice, rapidity and difficulty breathing. There is a feeling of perspiration in the throat and severe pain when swallowing. After a while, the cough becomes wheezing due to a change in the airway lumen. Later, the swelling of the vocal cords subsides, and the cough becomes wet due to sputum discharge.

When tracheitis (trachea inflammation), the main symptom is a dry barking cough that starts suddenly, mainly during the night rest, and can last for several hours. Breathing can become whistling or wheezing. To alleviate the condition of the sick child, the doctor will suggest a cough suppressant, such as "Sinekod".

If the inflammatory process descends through the respiratory tract, then inflammation develops in the bronchial tubes (bronchitis) or in the lungs - pneumonia. These two diseases are distinguished from each other by X-ray examination. The initial stage of bronchitis is not different from other respiratory diseases - there are pain in the larynx, nose pawns, the child is sleepy and sluggish. Cough also from the dry at the beginning of the disease becomes wet. If there was an edema in the mucosa of the bronchus itself and the narrowing of its lumen, one speaks of obstructive bronchitis, which is quite common in allergies. If bronchitis is not cured, it can develop into a chronic form, which is fraught with depletion of bronchial walls and the emergence of bronchial asthma.

For the treatment of cough in children, many drugs are produced that have different active ingredients and differ in the mechanism of action. If you fight with children's cough alone, you need to understand them very well, so as not to harm and not aggravate the course of the disease.

Medicines against cough for children: classification

All medicines for cough are divided into two large groups - preparations of central and peripheral action.

The medicinal substances that affect the central nervous system include Sinekod's Tusuprex Libexin and others. They act overwhelmingly on the cough center in the cerebral cortex, very quickly inhibit the cough reflex and can be prescribed to children from a dry cough. The medicine is chosen for them only by the doctor, since it does not reduce the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract and with increased mucus formation it can be stagnant. Therefore, they should be used only on the advice of a pediatrician and only with a dry paroxysmal cough (for example, with whooping cough).

Preparations that have a peripheral effect, in turn, are subdivided according to the mechanism of action into several species. They include:

• Coughing agents that envelop the irritated areas of the mucous membrane in the upper parts of the respiratory system and reduce the inflammatory processes in it. They are appointed with the appearance of initial signs of irritation. They are good for children from a dry cough; the medicine is prescribed in this case, taking into account their age.
• Expectorants for cough, which contribute to the release of bronchi from accumulated exudate. They are also divided into subgroups. The main active ingredient in the first of these may be plant extracts (licorice, coltsfoot, marshmallow, plantain, thyme and thermopsis) or iodides (preparations "potassium iodide" and "sodium iodide"). Under the action of these agents in the cells of the bronchial mucosa, the production of mucus is increased, which liquefies phlegm, that is, it can quickly leave the bronchi. These medications are not suitable for infants and children with neurotic disorders or a tendency to vomiting. When prescribing drugs from the second group - mucolytics - liquefaction of the contents of the bronchi occurs without increasing its volume.
• They also produce a combined medicine that suppresses coughing. For older children, it fits perfectly, since it not only affects the center of the cough, but also softens the irritation of the respiratory tract.

All medicines should be selected taking into account the stage of the disease, the manifesting symptoms and the age of the child. It is advisable not to engage in self-medication, but to consult a pediatrician. It is especially important to ask for medical help in case of a breast infection.

Features of the appearance of a cough reflex and an effective cough medicine for children up to the year

In infants quite often, especially after sleep or feeding, there may be a physiological cough (in the form of rare coughs), not associated with any disease. Since most of the time the child spends on the back, mucus from the nasal passages can sink into the throat, which will cause a cough reflex. May cause it and the ingress of milk or mixture into the respiratory system during feeding or saliva with increased salivation. Also, an external factor can cause such a reaction: dry air, dust or tobacco smoke. Such a cough should not cause much concern, you just need to eliminate the cause of its appearance. If the symptom is intrusive, and the child has a fever or behavior changes, it is imperative to consult a pediatrician.

The peculiarity of the course of catarrhal diseases is that with a dry cough a so-called "false croup" - swelling of the larynx and vocal cords, which leads to a decrease in their lumen, and the baby begins to suffocate. This is a very dangerous condition, requiring immediate help from specialists. The account is here for minutes.

Just as dangerous is a wet cough, which in a nursing baby very quickly descends into the lungs, and banal the runny nose may soon develop into pneumonia, so the babies with suspicion of bronchitis immediately put in hospital. If the situation is not so serious, then, choosing a cough medicine for an infant, it must be taken into account that not all dosage forms are suitable for them.

It is good to have at home a special compressor or ultrasonic inhaler that will deliver the medicine directly to the mucous membrane in the airways. You can use solutions for inhalation "Lazolvan" or "Ambrobene" (they are also prescribed for cough and inward). They are convenient in that they are dosed by drop. They can be dissolved in tea, juice or milk. A good cough medicine for children up to the year is Lazolvan cough syrup and its analogs, which contain the active substance ambroxol. The product has practically no side effects.

Preparations for cough treatment in children from the year

Effective cough medicine for children under 2 years - mucolytic expectorant "Ambrobene" or its analogues: medicines "Ambroxol" Lazolvan "Ambrohexal" Flavamed "Bronhorus". They are used to treat both acute and chronic bronchitis or pneumonia, when chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma with hard-to-separate sputum, as well as with bronchoectatic disease.

The medicine for wet coughing to a child, very convenient and safe enough for children of different ages, - the drug "Bromhexin 8 Berlin-Chemie" (or his analogues: means "Bronchostop Flegamin"), having mucolytic (secretolitic) and expectorant action and a small antitussive effect. For one-year-old children, it can be used as a drop, solution or syrup. The disadvantages of this drug can be attributed to the fact that the therapeutic effect is manifested only after 2-5 days after the first use.

It is possible to dilute and speed up the secretion of the use in children from 6 months of herbal medicines, such as cough syrups "Gedelix" and "Linkas." When using them, it is necessary to take into account the possible manifestation of an allergic reaction. Preparations based on vegetable raw materials are recommended for children over 2 years of age.

Cough syrups based on herbal extracts

To facilitate a wet cough in a child, medicines can be chosen made from natural raw materials. In addition to common mucolytic drugs, such as "Syrup althaea" or "Licorice root syrup, many multicomponent products are produced, including extracts of herbs in various combinations. It is necessary to study their composition well before use if the child has allergies to plants.

Cedar syrup "Gedelix" on the basis of ivy extract is a cough medicine for children effective for kids aged from several months. It is used as an expectorant for infections in the upper respiratory tract and for bronchitis, accompanied by the formation of hard-to-separate sputum. After its application, the excretion of mucus as a result of its liquefaction and softening of its coughing is accelerated. When using this syrup for the treatment of an infant, the required dose should be diluted with boiled water and observe if an allergic reaction has occurred.

To reduce the intensity and increase the productivity of cough, you can buy a syrup "Linkas, which also has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect. In its composition, you can see the extracts of the leaves adhatoda, licorice root, pepper, violets, hyssop medicinal, althaea and others. In the absence of a child's allergy, this drug can be recommended as an excellent cough medicine for children under 2 years.

A good expectorant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect is the syrup "Bronchicum reducing the viscosity of the secret and accelerating its evacuation. The effect of this drug is based on the properties of the root of the primrose and thyme. Extracts of these herbs envelop the irritated mucous membrane, which facilitates a sensation of perspiration in the throat and softens the cough.

For better separation of sputum with a damp cough, use the agent "Herbion syrup plantain". This drug also has an immunomodulatory effect, protecting the respiratory epithelial cells from damage and increasing the body's resistance to infections.

Synthetic medicines for the treatment of wet cough

Children over the age of two years with diseases with hard-to-find secretion will help syrup "Ascoril is a combined a drug whose action - bronchodilator, expectorant and mucolytic - is based on the properties of bromhexine, guaifenesin and salbutamol. He is prescribed for such ailments as bronchial asthma, pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis, tracheobronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary tuberculosis, whooping cough and others.

A good medicine for a child from cough is the drug "Atsc which helps in sputum purification (including purulent) and its expectoration. It is prescribed for diseases of the respiratory system, accompanied by the formation of thick mucus, such as acute and chronic bronchitis, including obstructive, bronchoectatic disease, tracheitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and the like, as well as with certain ENT diseases (laryngitis, acute or chronic sinusitis, middle ear inflammation) and paracetamol poisoning (both antidote). Children can use it from the age of 2 in the minimum dosage.

Treatment of dry cough with drugs that suppress its occurrence

A great concern may be a dry cough in the child. Medicines for its treatment can be divided into two groups. The first include drugs that suppress cough centrally.

This group of drugs is not recommended to be used without prescribing a doctor, especially if it is a small child. Their use is justified only in the case of a prolonged dry nausea cough causing pain, vomiting or interfering with sleep. In such a situation, it is possible to use a medicine that suppresses coughing. For children for this purpose, prescribe drugs "Sinekod" Tusuprex "Glaucin" or "Libexin depressing the work of the center of a cough in the brain. For infants (only by prescription of a doctor), you can purchase the "Sinekod" remedy in the form of drops. The most important thing is that when you buy these drugs, you need to remember that they are consumed only with a dry cough and do not combine with funds that increase mucus outflow.

Similar effect is also available with the combination of drugs such as syrups "Tussin plus Broncholitin" and "Stoptussin." They, along with suppressing the cough reflex, envelop the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, soften the cough, help to eliminate inflammation and stimulate immunity. They are prescribed for dry and irritating cough of various nature, as well as in pre- and postoperative periods to facilitate coughing.

Drugs for the treatment of dry cough

To ease the condition with a dry cough in a two-year-old child in the absence of allergies, you can use the drug "Herbion syrup primrose." It is also used as an expectorant for inflammation of the respiratory tract with the formation of a viscous secretion (bronchitis, tracheitis, tracheobronchitis).

Effective cough medicine for children 3 years - a combined drug "Doctor Mom: syrup from cough with aloe, basil sacred, elecampane, ginger, turmeric, licorice and others plants. It has a pronounced bronchodilator, mucolytic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect. It is recommended for dry cough or cough with hard-to-recover sputum in children from the age of three (with pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis). Contraindication for its use is the individual intolerance of some of its components.

Drugs for coughing a lot, and to choose a cough medicine for children, you need to proceed from each case, taking into account all contraindications and dosages. It is advisable to consult a pediatrician beforehand. To effectively combat colds of various nature, in addition to cough suppressants, it is necessary to use drugs that enhance immunity. The child is given peace and a special regime. It is necessary to give the baby a lot of fluid and maintain the humidity in the room. If the child does not have temperature - you can use warming with dry heat and rubbing with medicinal ointments. That is, treatment should be comprehensive.

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Drugs for cough

With such diseases as ARVI, laryngitis, pleurisy, larynx papillomatosis, chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, swelling bronchi or larynx, a person can for several days torment dry cough, which prevents him fully live.

In this case, the doctor, and only the doctor can prescribe special antitussives, cough medicine. These drugs can affect the cough center, which is in the medulla oblongata (there are non-narcotic and narcotic), or on the nerve endings that are in the pleura and bronchi.

There are also combined means, which consist of several medical components. When using any antitussive drugs, the patient should avoid alcohol, and do not use expectorants and drugs that depress the nervous system.

Narcotic antitussives

Drug medicines for dry cough are sold in the pharmacy only on prescription, because of their structure and effects on the body, they are similar to drugs. These drugs suppress the cough center, but cause many side effects, so they are used only to stop a very strong cough.

These drugs cause respiratory depression, because they reduce the sensitivity of our respiratory center to carbon dioxide, so they can not be taken children younger than two years, as well as with pneumonia, emphysema, bronchial asthma and other pathologies, which are accompanied by a violation of ventilation lungs.

Also, these drugs cause a contraction of the smooth muscles of the bronchi and reduce the activity of the hairs of the ciliated epithelium, thereby preventing evacuation (excretion) of sputum from them. If you take these medicines from a dry cough for more than a week, then you may develop mental and physical dependence on these funds. When overdosed, these drugs can lead to severe tonic-clonic seizures.

From a dry cough can be discharged, for example, Codeine, which is an alkaloid of opium, in its action resembles morphine. When applying this medication, the following side effects may occur: constipation, vomiting, nausea, drowsiness, headaches, allergies (hives, itching), weight gain. It can not be taken in the first trimester of pregnancy, on the eve of childbirth, with the threat of miscarriage, during lactation periods, and also for children under 2 years.

Such a narcotic cough medicine as ethylmorphine in its effect on the body is similar to Codeine. This preparation is produced in the form of tablets and powder, which is dissolved in water before use. This medicine can be prescribed for such diseases as pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis and many other diseases, and it can be taken by adults and children over 2 years. You can not take these drugs to a malnourished patient, or to older people. The side effects of this cough drug are the same as that of Codeine.

Non-narcotic antitussives

Non-narcotic drugs affect the cough center, which is located in the medulla oblongata, do not cause dependence in the patient. The most famous non-narcotics are Sinekod, Glaucin, Sedotussin and Oxeladin.

Sinecod (Butamirate)Is a non-narcotic cough medicine of central action, which reduces the excitability of our cough center and has a mild expectorant, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator act. Assign this medicine for a cough, which accompanies a variety of diseases.

This medicine can not be taken by pregnant women (in the first trimester), children under 12 years old and with myasthenia gravis. In the second and third trimester during pregnancy, the use of this remedy is possible only if the benefit of this drug for the mother exceeds the potential risk to her fetus. When using this remedy for cough, the following side effects can occur:

• exanthema;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• allergic reactions;
• nausea;
• dizziness.

Sedotussin (Pentoxeverin)- an effective cough medicine, which is available in the form of syrup and rectal suppositories. It helps from dry, debilitating cough with pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis.

Sedotussin can not be used for people suffering from bronchial asthma, angle-closure glaucoma, and if there is an allergy to the components of the drug. Do not prescribe it to pregnant and lactating women, the elderly and toddlers younger than 4 months. Do not take Pentoxiriver in the presence of a wet cough, because in this case the sputum will stagnate in the lungs. When using this tool, side effects may occur:

• nausea;
• stomach ache;
• increased fatigue;
• allergic reactions;
• drowsiness.

Drug from dry cough Glaucent (Glaucin)is an alkaloid of a yellow machecase. Release this product in the form of tablets, dragees and syrup. It is prescribed for both children and adults, who suffer from a severe unproductive cough.

This inexpensive, but effective remedy can cause unpleasant side effects: nausea, lowering blood pressure, allergic reactions, dizziness and weakness. Glaucin should not be taken with myocardial infarction, hypotension and allergy to any component of the remedy.

Antitussive drugs of peripheral action

These drugs, designed to get rid of a strong dry cough, block cough at the level of the pleura and bronchi.

LevoprintIt is available in the form of drops for ingestion and syrup. This inexpensive remedy is prescribed for both children and adults, but it can not be taken during pregnancy, during lactation, with hepatic insufficiency, with a decrease in mucociliary function and with hypersensitivity to any components preparation.

Levoproton can cause various side effects: fatigue, diarrhea, drowsiness, sopor, dizziness, tachycardia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting and allergic reactions.

Libexinrelieves of cough, has a local anesthetic and bronchodilator effect. The effect of its reception is maintained for about four hours.

Applied Libexin with diseases such as emphysema, pleurisy, asthma, pneumonia, SARS, laryngitis, pharyngitis, etc. The drug can cause the following side effects: constipation, nausea, allergic reactions and dry mouth.

Combined antitussive drugs

To cough up a cough often use a combination antitussive drugs that contain two or more components.

StopoutsinIt is available in the form of tablets and drops for oral administration. Butamirate, which is part of its composition, has a local anesthetic, bronchodilator and antitussive effect. And the second component, Guaifenesin, reduces the viscosity of phlegm, thereby facilitating its departure.

Stopoutsin is not prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, with myasthenia gravis and hypersensitivity to its components. In the treatment of cough, this medication can cause side effects such as allergies, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, stomach pain. Like other similar drugs, Stopoutsin is not used in the presence of a moist cough, in which the sputum goes away well.

Combined preparations include Broncholitin and Tussin plus.

Broncholitin- a modern drug, the main components of which are ephedrine and glaucin, antitussive, bronchodilator, antispasmodic, antimicrobial and sedative effect. Broncholitin is produced in the form of syrup, which can be taken to children over 3 years old and adults.

Tussin Plusis a syrup having an antitussive and expectorant effect, in this preparation the main components of which are guaifenesin and dextromethorphan. This drug is used to treat adults and children older than six years.

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The most effective cough remedy

To choose an effective cough remedy, you need to know its cause. Most often, coughing in children and adults occurs with colds (respiratory infection, flu), complications in the form of acute laryngitis, tracheitis or bronchitis.

The cough reflex is necessarily associated with the lesion of the bronchial wall. But it can be caused by a central mechanism (the effect of cortical centers of the brain), decompensation of cardiac activity in heart defects or ischemic myocardial disease.

Effective is the cough remedy, which treats the common disease.

Varieties of symptomatic means

In addition to the immediate causes of cough, symptoms appear, to eliminate which there are drugs with a good result of the action. They can be divided into:

• drugs that suppress dry cough by suppressing the cough center in the brain;
• drugs that remove phlegm from the bronchi with a damp cough.

A group of cough suppressants in adults

Preparations differ in chemical composition, natural components. Produced in tablets, capsules, powders, syrups. The most effective group of effective cough remedies:

• Codterpine,
• Libexin,
• Sinecod,
• Omnitus,
• Falimint,
• Alex Plus,
• Glycodine,
• Bronchicum,
• Broncholitin,
• Bronhitusen Vramed,
• Bronchoton,
• Terpinkod,
• Tusuprex,
• Stopoutsin,
• Paxelidine.

They are produced by different pharmaceutical companies, often similar in composition.

According to the doctor's prescription, an effective cough medicine such as Codeine is used. The drug is part of Demorphan. Contains narcotic components, is addictive.

Remedies for phlegm

These drugs by the mechanism of action are aimed at improving the sputum discharge: dilute mucus, reduce synthesis, relieve spasmodic contractions of the bronchi. For adults it is recommended:

• ATSTS,
• Fluimucil,
• Bronchicum,
• Ambroxol,
• Mukaltin,
• Bronchipret,
• Bronhosan,
• Haliksol,
• Mukobene,
• Gedelix,
• Bromhexine,
• Bronchophyte,
• Herbion,
• Ambrobe,
• syrup Doctor IOM,
• Kodelak Broncho,
• Thoracic Elixir,
• Lazolvan,
• Libexin Muko,
• Carbocysteine,
• Pectusin,
• Coldrex Bronho,
• Teraflu.

This is an incomplete list of drugs available in the pharmacy chain from cough. Each has its own advantages and limitations in its application. The instructions outline the contraindications and the way of use.

Ready-made fees for adults

There are effective medicinal fees from cough, from natural plant material. The patient can choose from the following:

• syrup from licorice root;
• syrup from plantain and leaves of mother-and-stepmother;
• dry cough medicine;
• pectoral fees (from the first to the fourth issue);
• extract from the herb of thyme.

Requirements for cough remedies for children

Children's cough medicines, in order to be effective, must meet the following requirements:

• do not have an adverse toxic effect;
• for small children to have the form of a syrup, drops with a pleasant taste (tablets and capsules they can not swallow);
• conveniently dosed (tea spoons, drops).

Children's cough suppressants

Unlike adults, a child can not spit a coughing up phlegm, when it goes away, there is a swallowing and irritation of the stomach and intestines. This explains the frequent diarrhea in children with colds.

• Sinecode - comes in the form of syrup and drops. The active substance is butamyrate. Drops can be used for children aged 2 months, and syrup from three years of age or older. The duration of treatment is limited to a week. Effective with a dry cough (with whooping cough). In the instructions for the use of Sinecod, there are special indications of side effects and contraindications.
• Herbion - has an anti-inflammatory and expectorant effect. It is created from plant material of mallow and leaves of plantain. Produced in the form of syrup. It is assigned to children from two years old. Contraindication: hypersensitivity to fructose and incoming components.
• Lazolvan - syrup with active substance ambroksol. It does not contain sugar, it is suitable for children with diabetes. Contraindicated only with individual intolerance.
• Gedelix - is made from an extract of ivy, does not contain sugar and flavorings. It is characterized by increased safety. It is used in children from infancy.
• Dr. Theiss is a herbal preparation from the extract of plantain leaves, there is a variant of plantain, lemon balm, chamomile with ascorbic acid. It is assigned to children after a year. Recommended for the night.

Non-cough drugs

An effective means for coughing for children and adults are inhalations. The infant is recommended to keep for a few minutes in the bathroom with high humidity and steam.

Older children and adults are shown medical inhalation over boiling water in a wide saucepan. From above, you should close the bath towel. In the water, you can add a spoonful of soda, a few drops of fir or juniper oil.

Recommended inhalation over boiled potatoes, laurel leaves.

To stop coughing drink warm milk with honey and lemon juice, black radish juice, lime flower tea, mother-and-stepmother leaves, elderberry broth, dry raspberries. A good action is juice from a large bulb mixed with honey.

Children are helped with a dry, dry cough massage at the point located in the pit above the breastbone. It should be done with one finger.

Breast massages of the chest with easy tapping movements help to sputum. For adults, such a massage should be done with the use of force.

Sometimes a fit of coughing is removed with hot foot and hand baths. The distracting effect of mustard plasters helps to expand the bronchi and calms cough in older children and adults.

These examples of funds can be used independently no longer than 2-3 days. If there is no result, consult a doctor. Prolonged cough indicates the need for more powerful drugs, antibiotics and other anti-inflammatory drugs.

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