Complications after sinusitis

Possible consequences of sinusitis in adults

The consequences of sinusitis in adults can be very dangerous. At the initial stages, maxillary sinusitis is treated with preventive measures, but the neglected form is more difficult to treat. The consequences of sinusitis are determined by the fact that the nasal channel carries out the respiratory process, and the nose through its nerve processes is closely related to reflexes in the cerebral cortex. All this indicates which complications of maxillary sinusitis are possible, if not treated in a timely and effective manner.

Features of genyantritis

Sinusitis is an inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses. Almost always the disease develops against the background of relapses of the common cold and cold in the absence of treatment. Inflammatory reaction begins as a result of accumulation in the sinuses of mucus, where gradually a purulent mass also arises. This transition from mucus to purulent content characterizes the overgrowth of the acute phase in chronic; Such a transition is accompanied by the destruction of bone tissues and layers located under mucous membrane.

Causes of the disease

In order for the mucus and the microorganisms in it to begin the inflammatory process, the effect of provoking factors is necessary. The following causes of sinusitis are distinguished:

• trauma to the nasal sinuses;
• infection with viruses or bacteria;
• relapse of the common cold;
• launched a cold of a viral nature;
• prolonged exposure in a dry heated room;
• draft;
• the effect of aggressive chemical components on the mucosa;
• started dental diseases and non-compliance with oral hygiene;
• the consequence of influenza;
• hypothermia of the body;
• secretory pathology of glandular mucosa;
• decreased immunity;
• presence of polyps and adenoids;
• allergic susceptibility;
• genetic defects of the nasopharynx.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptoms of maxillary sinusitis in adults:

• feeling of increasing pressure in the nose bridge, increasing with the inclination of the head;
• nasal congestion;
• mucous discharge from the nose (initially transparent, then with purulent filling);
• insomnia;
• fatigue;
• temperature increase;
• chills;
• weakness;
• paroxysmal cough;
• pain syndrome in the nose, giving into eyes, gums, frontal part;
• headache;
• loss of appetite;
• the appearance of long-term rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis.

What are the types of sinusitis?

Given the etiology and pathogenesis of development, the disease is divided into several varieties: acute, catarrhal, odontogenic, bilateral, allergic, polyposis, purulent and chronic sinusitis. All species differ among themselves by the severity of development and possible consequences. For example, polypous type practically does not give in to medical treatment and forces to use surgical intervention. Chronic and purulent forms cause serious consequences. Acute, catarrhal, allergic varieties cause residual phenomena leading to chronic form.

Chronic inflammation

Complications begin with chronic inflammation, that is, with the transition to the chronic stage of the disease. This development is obtained if there is no or ineffective treatment. The acute phase subsides, pain syndromes pass. But the genyantritis is not defeated, and the inflammatory process continues in a slow regime.However, the process begins to cover the bone tissue and the basis of the mucosa.In addition, the new impact of factors leads to an aggravation.

The chronic phase can be characterized by the erasure of obvious signs, but there are nasal congestion, a slight nasal in the voice, periodic headaches of moderate intensity. The person is forced to breathe in the main mouth, which causes the penetration of a new infection and the expansion of the affected areas. Thus, the first consequences of maxillary sinusitis occur: edema of the nasal sinuses, constant inflammation mucous, difficulty breathing through the nose, chronic runny nose, accumulation of purulent mass in the maxillary cavities.

Complications of genyantritis

On the spread of the consequences of sinusitis complications can be divided into two groups: the defeat of the respiratory and ENT systems, the defeat of other systems and internal organs.

Complications in the respiratory system

The first of the processes in sinusitis begin to suffer organs directly connected to the channels of the nasal cavity. Inflammations develop in the entire nasal cavity, in the pharynx, in the trachea, in the bronchi and in the ears.

Initially, all adjacent nasal sinuses are affected, inflammation can develop in the frontal, latticed and sphenoid sinuses, causing various types of sinusitis, both acute and chronic character.

There are cases when the inflammation embraced all sinuses (pansinusitis). Constant inflammation in the paranasal sinuses leads to hypertrophy (thickening) of the mucosa and the subsequent formation of polyps, which complicates nasal breathing.

In the pharyngeal zone inflammation of an infectious nature passes to the tonsils, causing tonsillitis and tonsillitis. Frequent damage to the tonsils gives an impetus to the growth of the adenoid. The next movement of the infection is penetration into the respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, lungs). As a result of the pathogenic effect, bronchitis and pneumonia may develop, and if the pleura is affected, pleuropneumonia may also occur. If the measures are not taken, then bronchitis can develop into bronchial asthma.

Infection from the antritis zone through the Eustachian tube has the ability to penetrate into the middle ear. In this case, the inflammation covers the hearing aid, the medial otitis is born, the first sign of which becomes a feeling of ear congestion. At the next stage there is a pain syndrome and a purulent discharge appears.

Complications in vision

The influence of maxillary sinusitis on the organs of vision can be significant. The simplest consequence is fiber swelling as a natural reaction to the inflammatory process in a closely-spaced organ. Complications can lead to serious lesions: inflammation of purulent nature in the tissues of the orbit and venous thrombosis. The effect is greatly enhanced if the sinusitis is caused by a fungal pathogen.

The main symptoms that indicate the spread of inflammation to the visual organ are reddening and edema of the eyelids, a painful sensation when pressing on the orbit, deterioration of eyesight, rubbing in the eye. The temperature rises only in case of suppuration of the inflamed area.

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The defeat of other organs

Sinusitis can produce inflammation in the bone tissue (osteoperiostitis). Symptoms of this disease are frequent conjunctivitis, as well as swelling of the lower eyelids and cheeks. A frequent complication of the disease is the trigeminal neuritis (it is edema and inflammation of the nerve processes, the base of which is located in the cerebellar zone). The danger of complication lies in the difficulty of treatment and flow with a strong pain syndrome.

Purulent mass in the paranasal sinuses is a chronic source of infection carried by blood and lymph in different parts of the body. With weakening of immunity, damage to the heart muscle, kidneys and various joints. Heart failure can develop against the background of damage to the heart valves, kidney pathology - in the form of glomerulonephritis.

Genyantritis with its purulent manifestation develops next to the brain, which causes the most terrible consequence of the disease, namely meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain). Bacteria from the nasal cavity penetrate the shell of the brain and cause inflammation. Symptoms - severe headache, vomiting, fever, photophobia, loss of consciousness, hallucinations and convulsions.

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Another terrible complication threatens sinusitis. It's about sepsis (blood poisoning). Such a process can develop with the active production of toxins in the case of rotting bacteria. Complication in the form of sepsis of blood occurs extremely rarely and, rather, is an exception.

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Treatment and prophylaxis after a puncture of a genyantritis

In acute sinusitis, a procedure for puncturing the maxillary sinuses is often prescribed so that inflammation does not lead to serious complications.After a puncture of a genyantritis treatment of disease does not stop, differently unpleasant consequences can arise.It is necessary to eliminate the purulent focus, which is located very close to the brain. This is a rather dangerous operation, therefore it is very important to follow all the doctor's recommendations and not to allow undesirable consequences.

What consequences can be after the operation?

In general, the operation is good, within a month the hole from the puncture is tightened. Complications after a puncture of a maxillary sinus are very rare, but it is necessary to dwell on them in more detail. Basically, the stuffiness of the nose passes, the breathing is restored, the headache also decreases. Although at night, the pain may increase, and the body temperature may rise, but this is due to the remnants of infection in the sinuses and after a few days passes.

Because of the peculiar structure of the bones of the skull, it is possible to puncture the cheeks or the wall of the orbit, but taking antibiotics, which are prescribed after the operation, helps to avoid infection in the blood vessels and in the body patient. To prevent this from happening, a radiograph should be prescribed before the operation, according to which the doctor studies the structure of the maxillary sinuses of each patient.

When a doctor injects a very large amount of pain medication, the patient may even lose consciousness, although a high-level specialist should not allow this. Before the operation, the doctor must make sure that the patient does not have any allergies to the medicines that will be used. If blood vessels are damaged during the procedure, a slight bleeding may appear, but it is quickly stopped.

There are also more serious complications, such as otitis media of the middle ear, which can occur if the treatment has not yet been completed. Edema of the face and bruise can appear as a reaction to the puncture. Another swelling of the eye with partial loss of vision and even inflammation of the brain envelope is possible. This occurs if a person has recently turned to a hospital and the sinusitis has passed into a more serious stage. In this case, the doctor prescribes additional treatment. Also, one should pay attention to the fact that a puncture is not done if the patient suffers from any common severe illness, such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus. It is not desirable to conduct such a procedure for people who have acute infectious diseases, and very young children.

Treatment after a puncture of a maxillary sinus

After the puncture, repeat radiography of the skull is made and, according to the doctor's prescription, the nose is washed with a solution of furacilin or manganese for several months. To destroy the infection and prevent possible complications, after the operation the doctor prescribes antibiotics for treatment. If there is swelling of the maxillary sinuses and the body temperature is increased, antibacterial drops in the nose are additionally prescribed and nasal passages treated with antiseptic solutions. If the body temperature is very high, you can take an antipyretic drug: ibuprofen or paracetamol.

To the natural outflow of mucus was more intense, you can wash your nose with a solution of sea salt. And to soften the mucous membrane and to prevent it from drying, oily drops are prescribed in the nose. With the stuffiness of the nose will help to cope with drops that narrow the vessels.

Together with the use of medicines, it is useful to carry out phytotherapy, which includes taking infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs and herbal, honey or eucalyptus inhalations. This will help to cleanse the maxillary sinuses from viruses and bacteria more quickly and more quickly.

If the disease has passed into a chronic form, then a repeated puncture is possible. It is prescribed if the inflammatory process is constantly aggravated, and conservative treatment does not give the necessary results. If you constantly deal with the prevention of the disease, you can avoid it.

Prevention of sinusitis

To prevent the development of sinusitis and the transition of the disease into a chronic form, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures. Prevention should be carried out in periods when the longest possible hypothermia is most possible and when chronic diseases become worse, as well as after a puncture.

It is impossible to start the treatment of the common cold, at its first manifestations it is necessary to get rid of it. It will help wash the nose with infusion of herbs or a solution of sea salt. Washing is also recommended after work in a dusty or fouled room, it will help to get rid of the remains of mucus and pus after the puncture procedure. If there was a puncture, then before washing in the nose should be dripped vasoconstrictor drops.

You can prepare a solution of soda and salt, which take 1 teaspoonful and pour a glass of water. The child can wash his nose with any mineral water, which is added a few drops of tincture of calendula or eucalyptus. Brewing diluted juice beet.

It is necessary to monitor the condition of the teeth and to treat them in time to prevent the spread of infection from the oral cavity to the maxillary sinuses and to prevent repeated punctures. It is necessary to increase immunity, for this, a sufficient number of proteins, vitamins and microelements should be included in the food. It is useful to do gymnastics in order to learn the correct breathing, swimming and skiing are useful in winter.

After mandatory consultation with a doctor, prevention of maxillary sinusitis with folk remedies is recommended. To wash the nose, you can use freshly squeezed juice from onions or decoctions of marigold, chamomile and plantain. Bury the nose can be juice from aloe or Kalanchoe. It is useful to grind garlic and horseradish and snort them, this will help clear the nose of mucus. You can regularly rub the nose and nose of the nose with mustard oil and massage these areas.

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You can conduct medical inhalations at home, cover yourself with a towel and breathe over boiled potatoes. Before leaving home and at night, children can be put on phytomasiosis on the nasal mucosa, they will strengthen local immunity and prevent microbes and viruses from entering the body.

Prevention should be done constantly and patiently to achieve positive results. To increase immunity, eat in the cold season more onions, garlic and horseradish so that no cold can overpower you.

It is important to monitor your health and at the first signs of ailment in time to see a doctor.

Do not be afraid of a procedure of a puncture of a genyantritis. If a specialist has prescribed procedures to treat sinus after a puncture, complications can be avoided, and recovery will quickly come.

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But it is best not to allow a puncture of the maxillary sinuses and to try to treat the rhinitis in time, especially long and complicated.

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What consequences can be after a puncture of a genyantritis?

Very often with such a disease as sinusitis, it becomes inevitable that the procedure for puncturing the maxillary sinuses becomes necessary. This need is caused by the fact that the inflammatory process can spread to neighboring tissues, which entails serious consequences. However, often the genyantritis after the puncture does not completely pass, so the correct action of the specialist will be the application of several methods of treatment. This approach sometimes makes it possible to avoid the puncture of the maxillary sinuses, but only if the treatment is carried out at early stages of the disease.

When you really need a puncture?

In the presence of pus in the maxillary sinuses puncture is necessary

The puncture of the maxillary sinuses is a surgical intervention aimed at alleviating the patient's condition, in the case when the other methods have proved to be ineffective. If you watch a video of a sinus infection, you can understand that the procedure is quite unpleasant and unsafe, because often there are dangerous complications. The operation is performed to remove accumulated pus from the paranasal sinuses, which can penetrate much deeper, causing irreversible consequences.

In the beginning of the disease, when the sinusitis is catarrhal, that is, without purulent discharge, the inflammatory process causes only a swelling of the nasopharynx and hampers the breathing process. It can be cured by a medicamentous method and in such situations a puncture will not be required.

It is also important to know that even purulent maxillary sinusitis can occur in mild form. But, given the fact that it is difficult to remove purulent contents without medical assistance, it is advisable to use methods such as "cuckoo" or the sinus catheter Yamik. With the help of this method and a special device, it is possible to effectively extract all pus under the influence of negative pressure, which is created in the nasal cavity.

When severe form of the disease, these methods are contraindicated for use, as strong pressure in the nose can contribute to the deterioration of the patient. Only in this case, puncture of the nose becomes the only way to relieve a person of the symptoms of sinusitis.

Disadvantages and advantages of the procedure

The needle of Kulikovsky for the puncture of the maxillary sinuses

Perhaps the only drawback of puncture are the consequences of a puncture of the sinusitis, which both doctors and patients are trying in every possible way to avoid. Unfortunately, as medical practice shows, this can not always be achieved, since the puncture of the nose itself is quite a dangerous operation. To avoid possible consequences after the manipulation of the surgeon, it is important to be able to choose the right doctor. It is also forbidden to perform an operation in such cases:

• severe general diseases;
• early childhood;
• pathology in the formation of paranasal sinuses;
• acute infectious diseases.

The most effective method of treatment of sinusitis is a puncture of the maxillary sinuses

Despite the soreness, trouble and danger of puncture, nevertheless, this operation, provided all the rules and recommendations are observed by the doctor and the patient, gives the best results.Removing the purulent contents of the paranasal sinuses with this method of treatment makes it possible to reduce the duration and dosage of antibiotics.

Usually the operation is successful, and the hole in the bone wall is self-tightened no longer than a month, without causing any complications. After the operation, the specialists prescribe antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antihistamines to their patients. Thus, only with the right approach and the positive experience of ENT do not need additional methods of treatment of sinus after puncture. Obligatory actions of the person who has just undergone surgery should be proper nutrition and vitamin therapy, aimed at correcting the immunity.

Possible complications after surgery

Complications during puncture with genyantritis are extremely rare, but, nevertheless, they include:

1. Nasal bleeding. This process occurs as a result of damage to the blood vessels during the puncture of the paranasal sinuses. As a rule, bleeding is not abundant and stopping them is quite simple.
2. Puncture of the wall of the eye socket or cheek tissues. This complication of surgery arises from the physiological features of the structure of the bones of the facial skull of the patient. Such a consequence of a puncture of the nose usually does not entail deterioration of the patient's health, since the patient is given antibiotics as a prophylaxis against maxillary sinus after puncture. It is antibacterial drugs that prevent the spread of infection through the human body.
3. Air embolism. This complication occurs as a result of air ingress into nearby tissues from the nasal cavity. However, in addition to air, pus can also get into the tissue, which is often a danger to the health of the patient. This complication is also extremely rare, as the patient undergoes antibiotic therapy. According to experts themselves, air embolism is considered dangerous only for people with weakened immunity.

The danger to health and even human life is seriously increased if, during puncture, air or pus get into the blood vessels, including the orbital vessels. The danger is that such complications can develop:

• abscesses and phlegmons of the orbit;
• blockage of blood vessels;
• blindness;
• death of the patient.

In order to avoid complications during surgery, the patient should undergo a radiograph of the paranasal sinuses. According to the results obtained, the physician will be able to see the individual features of the structure of the maxillary sinuses and nearby tissues.

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