How to determine flat feet at home?

Determine flat feet at home

→ Home treatment → Diseases of the musculoskeletal system → Flattening

The essence of the shock-absorbing effect is that when walking the load is distributed evenly between the joints and the spine.

Symptoms and signs of flatfoot

Many people do not pay due attention to the first signs of the appearance of flat feet.

And after all so it is possible to suspect disease at an early stage is a worn out footwear in the internal party.

At the first stage it can be manifested in the form of combed heels on its side, and the third degree of flat feet is the complete shift of shoes to the inside.

Symptoms that you should pay attention to are fast fatigue with long walking, back pain and spine, not being able to stand for a long time in one place, the appearance of puffiness in the legs, and night convulsions. In women, the formation of flat feet can be accompanied by headaches, severe leg pain when wearing heels. In most cases, the size of the foot increases, because the arch of the foot is stretched.

Flat-footedness

The causes of flatfoot

For the correct definition of flatfoot you need to know the causes of the occurrence, there may be the following:

1. Narrow and uncomfortable shoes. Women who wear a rather high heel are more likely to suffer. Narrowed noses adversely affect the position of the foot.
2. Passive way of life. Small activity leads to the fact that the muscles relax, lose elasticity and, as a consequence, flat feet develop.
3. May appear in pregnant women. This is due to the increase in the weight of the girl, the baby grows and the load on the legs increases.
4. Excess weight negatively affects the position of the foot. Muscles simply can not cope with the pressure exerted on them.
5. Congenital diseases of the foot or leg muscles.
6. The cause may be rickets or poliomyelitis, but it is rare.

How to determine flat feet at home

If such symptoms appear, then it is advisable to check for the presence of flat feet. There are several options for home detection.

The first method - paints and a sheet of paper

The bottom line is to smear your feet with any coloring and easily washable substance, and stand on any white sheet of paper.

When viewing the resulting picture, draw a conclusion. If the entire foot area is painted over, then the disease is unequivocally present. If there is a recess from the inside of the foot and the space between the front part and the heel, then there are no problems with the legs.

It is worth noting that this way to check the kids will not work. You should also note errors that may appear in the process. The main thing is to lubricate the foot well. If the solution is liquid, then a clear pattern will not work, it will affect the quality.

The second method is to draw lines

First everything is done the same way as in the previous paragraph: the paint is taken and the stop is smeared, then you need to stand on a piece of paper.

After the procedure, it is necessary to draw a line from the base of the thumb to the middle of the heel. The second straight line is drawn from the center of the heel to the gap between the index and middle fingers.

If the groove in the figure goes to the right for both lines - flat foot is not observed.

How to check flatfoot at home using the method of Frinland

It is necessary to measure the height and length of the foot. After that, the first indicator is multiplied by one hundred and divided by the length. If the figures in the limit from 29 to 31 turned out to be the norm. If the result falls into the gap less than normal - there is a disease.

Approximate chance of disease occurrence

At home, you can determine the approximate chance of flat feet. No difficulties should arise.

If you look at the foot and see that it is narrow with the protruding above the other thumb, then you do not have to worry. The risk of flatfoot is approximately 50 percent. This leg is called Egyptian.

If the foot is wide with two fingers that are equal in length (large and indexed), then, unfortunately, the risk is quite large. It is recommended to walk more without shoes and periodically massage the foot.

If the index finger is outstretched to the others, and the width of the foot is not large, then there is a risk, but rather small.

How to determine flat feet in children at home

It should be said that even in the womb of the mother's legs are unnatural. The normal position they take when the muscles begin to strengthen.

Therefore, in very tiny children, it is almost impossible to do this. Up to 4-5 years, the leg has not yet fully formed. For the rest, this is rather difficult, but possible.

There are two main criteria:

• Socks can be turned inwards;
• when walking the support goes to the inside;
• swelling of one or two feet.

It is advisable to apply immediately to an orthopedic surgeon. Only an experienced specialist can make the correct diagnosis.

What are the degrees of flatfoot

In the professional sphere, the degree of flatfoot is determined by means of radiography. At home, you can do it using the methods described above. On the sheet with a print you can draw the following conclusions:

• Deepening takes more than a third, but less than half - the first degree;
• less than a third of the print - the second degree;
• a white depression is not observed at all - a third degree.

It is worth noting that the doctor at the inspection determines the angle of the arch and the height. If the first parameter varies in the range from 131 to 140, then the degree of illness is first; from 141 to 155 - the second, from 155 and above - the third.

Variety

Sometimes there is a so-called transverse flatfoot. Usually occurs in middle-aged women. The main feature is the turn of the thumb to either side. This at home is easily diagnosed. There are also three degrees.

What is the danger of flatfoot

Flat feet, if left untreated, may threaten the appearance of pain in the joints, feet and spine, there may be a hernia, arthrosis and scoliosis. In addition, the blood supply to the foot is impaired, which affects the whole body negatively.

Possible complications

It can be:

• pain in the joints and back;
• loud and heavy gait;
• weakness of the muscles on the legs;
• bending of fingers;
• the appearance of so-called heel spurs;
• osteochondrosis;
• scoliosis;
• weakening and movement of the knee;
• chance of ingrown nail.

Treatment of flat feet

There are a large number of exercise complexes. Each of them is unique and effective. One example can be cited.

Sit on a chair and put your feet on the floor. Then you need to press your fingers several times in 3-5 approaches. Then you should lift your toes up, not lifting off the heels.

After this, everything changes in places: without moving your fingers, you have to raise your heels 3-5 times. Next, pull up the thumbs, and after the procedure, you need to lift all the fingers.

At extreme exercise, the feet should be turned inwards.

For the purpose of prevention, it will be useful to roll any small elastic ball or ball during rest. In addition to the positive effect on the position of the leg, there is an improvement in blood circulation, which is very useful.

Summarizing

In conclusion, it can sometimes be difficult to diagnose flat feet in children.

And at home it is quite problematic, but possible.

Timely exposure of flat feet - a pledge of good health and lack of many problems. The main thing is to properly diagnose.

A source: http://www.lechim-prosto.ru/kak-opredelit-ploskostopie-v-domashnih-usloviyah.html

How to determine flat feet at home

Flat feet today is quite a common disease, which often accompanies modern people due to their lifestyle.

It represents a varying degree of deformity of the foot, in the absence of timely treatment leading to painful pain in the legs, lower back and even the head.

Flat feet - the disease is rather insidious, since it can take place without obvious symptoms and at the same time severely spoil life.

However, if the feeling of fatigue in your legs does not leave you for a long time and regularly repeats, accompanied by pain - this is an occasion to think about the need to visit an orthopedic surgeon.

The main symptoms of flatfoot are as follows:

• The legs quickly become tired with continuous movement or in a standing position for a long time;
• at the end of the day the legs appear leaden, noticeably swell;
• often leg cramps occur, especially in the morning;
• The back usually hurts, especially a loin.

The transverse flatfoot has the following characteristic symptoms:

• a bone that appeared on the base of the thumb;
• expansion of the foot;
• The thumb is noticeably deflected outward, the second and third fingers are deformed.

Note that such signs do not necessarily indicate the presence of flat feet: similarly manifested themselves some vascular and endocrine diseases. Only an examination of an orthopedic doctor will allow you to determine the exact diagnosis.

Additional signs that signal the violation of the shape of the foot are uneven shoeing of the shoe (the inner edge is more footed), a visual increase in foot width or length, resulting in the purchase of shoes for a larger size, difficulties in wearing high heels.

Causes of flatfoot

Human feet are a kind of shock absorbers (springs) when walking thanks to two kinds of arches - transverse and longitudinal.

The transverse arch runs under the base of the fingers, and the longitudinal arch runs from the inside along the edge of the foot.

This structure allows to avoid excessive load on the spine and joints and ensures the correct operation of the entire musculoskeletal system.

However, the correct operation of the entire system is possible only if the vaults of the feet are of sufficient height. If the height of the vault is lower than the prescribed limit, the load on the locomotor apparatus increases markedly, which can lead to the most serious consequences for the organism.

Depending on the structure of which the arch is broken, two basic types of flatfoot are distinguished: transverse and longitudinal. Quite often the patient has both types at the same time.

Stages of development of the disease

Flatfoot does not occur suddenly; the process of the disease development is quite long. It can be divided into three main stages.

1. Legs begin to ache quite often, quickly get tired, a person's posture is much worse. The bones of the foot have not yet undergone a tangible transformation, the vaults retain the desired shape.
2. The arches of the feet begin to deform: their height decreases by, cm. Legs hurt more and more often, and not only feet, but also shins with ankles. The gait is noticeably heavier.
3. The change in foot is becoming more noticeable. Even small loads lead to severe pain and edema of the legs. The patient also feels discomfort in the lower back and headaches. If the disease has reached this stage, the consequences can be quite serious: it is possible to develop a herniated intervertebral disc, scoliosis, osteochondrosis, arthrosis.

As can be seen from the foregoing, in order to avoid complications, as much as possible attention should be paid to diagnosis of flat feet, because only a competent and timely treatment will return the patient to full-fledged life. It is desirable, but it is not necessary to visit the orthopedist regularly: there are several simple ways how to determine the presence of flat feet at home.

Causes of the disease

Some scientists believe that flat feet can arise due to genetic predisposition. Be that as it may, the risk group uniquely includes all people who have direct relatives with a similar disease.

Also, the development of flat feet is largely facilitated by overweight, pregnancy, professional sports or a profession that takes a long time to stand. The direct causes of flatfoot include a number of diseases:

• rickets;
• osteoporosis;
• polio;
• violation of the knee and hip joints;
• received injuries.

Flat feet are most common in elderly people.

How to diagnose platypodia at home

It puts a similar diagnosis, as a rule, an orthopedic doctor. But there are several ways to determine flat feet at home.

Of course, if the suspicions are confirmed, a visit to the orthopedist is still necessary.

After all, you can not start a disease, because it threatens with rather deplorable consequences.

The simplest and most reliable way to determine the presence of flat feet is the following. It is necessary to take a fat cream and apply it on the entire surface of the foot (both feet are lubricated at once). Then you need to stand with your feet on a white paper sheet.

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It is necessary to stand straight, not resting on anything: only in this way the result will be correct. On paper there will be prints, which will indicate the presence of the disease.

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For example, there you can see the size of the notch located on the inside of the foot, which should be at least half of its width.

If the notch is smaller or not at all, this indicates the presence of flat feet. Instead of cream, vegetable oil or a weak green solution can be used.

In clinics, a similar test is used, using for this purpose a special device - a planograph. It is a frame, covered with polyethylene. It is applied a layer of ink on which a blank sheet is placed.

The prints obtained in this way are the most accurate.

It should be remembered that this method is suitable only for adults, since in children under 5 years of age the foot is not fully developed and has a protective fatty layer. In this case, only a specialist can determine the presence of the disease.

Then you need to fix the distance between the center of the heel and the point located between the bases of the middle and index fingers of the legs.

If the bottleneck on the foot is located beyond the boundaries of both lines or is within the boundary of the second, the flatfoot is absent.

If the notch ends between the lines, most likely you have the first degree of flatfoot. If the contour under examination extends beyond both lines, this indicates a second, or maybe a third, degree of transformation of the foot.

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Another known method, which is often used and orthopedic doctors - the method of Frinland. In this case, the height of the foot is multiplied by its length. The result should be at least 29-31.

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If the numbers are in the range 27-29, flatness is possible. The figure below 25 means pronounced flat feet.

The same method is based on the action of the apparatus - a sub-meter.

The degree of susceptibility to flatfoot can be determined by the shape of the foot.

1. If the second finger on the leg is longer than the others, and the foot has an average width, the occurrence of flatfoot is unlikely.
2. A wide foot in combination with identical first fingers along the length indicates that the development of flat feet is extremely likely.
3. A narrow foot and a long thumb testify to the risk of flatfoot, which is approximately 50%.

Determination of flat feet in children

In the first two years, the baby does not have pronounced arches of feet, since the weight of the baby is still small, and he practically does not feel loads on the feet. Outside, their feet look completely flat, as they have a fatty layer.

As soon as the child begins to tread legs, he has the usual arches of feet. To ensure that the feet are formed correctly, it is necessary to select a comfortable, quality footwear for the child and regularly take him to the orthopedic doctor.

Parents should be alerted if their child:

• stepping socks inward, that is, a clubfoot; the correct position of the feet in children is parallel;
• when walking the main load falls on the inner edges of the feet.

The presence of such signs should not go unnoticed: in fact only at a young age, flat feet can be cured.

The skeleton at this age has not yet ossified and is easily amenable to correction.

Statistics show that, if a competent treatment of flatfoot in the age of 6 years, you can avoid the severe consequences of the disease in adulthood.

The most accurate way to determine flat feet in children is X-rays. The doctor takes a picture in different projections and determines the presence and degree of flat feet, and also prescribes the methods of treatment. X-rays should be used in all doubtful cases, when an accurate diagnosis is required.

How to prevent flat feet

Preventive maintenance of disease consists, first of all, in regular, but moderate physical exertion.

The simplest and most effective exercise is alternating walking on toes and heels, which you need to perform every morning and every evening. Running in the mornings several times a week is also a good prevention of flatfoot.

It is important not to get carried away by excessive physical stresses, as their excess, like a defect, can lead to a dangerous ailment.

No less useful for stop ordinary walks barefoot on the grass, sandy beaches, stones.

Muscles of the foot are also well trained during swimming with crawl, brass and other styles, in which the legs are actively involved.

An important factor influencing the occurrence of flat feet, is the right choice of shoes: an uncomfortable shoe, narrow shoes or high heels with regular wearing can lead to foot disease.

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Improve the blood supply of the feet help the evening warm baths. They are also good for relieving leg fatigue. Do not hurt the footsteps and weekly massage, well relaxing muscles.

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At the initial stages, flat feet do not seem to us to be something serious, capable of limiting life activity and causing pain.

It is important to remember that this is a serious disease, and if you start an ailment, it can cause a lot of problems. Therefore, flat feet should be identified as early as possible. Constant home observation can help you with this.

Therefore, do not disregard the health of your feet and be sure to follow the children's gait.

A source: http://VoprosKMame.com/kak-opredelit-ploskostopie-v-domashnix-usloviyax/

How to check platypodia at home

Flattening is a chronic illness of the musculoskeletal system, the essence of which lies in flattening the arches of the foot.

Due to such pathological changes, normal walking mechanics are disrupted, which is why a number of unpleasant and dangerous to health complications from the knee, hip joints and the spine.

Flat foot is very common today.

If you look at the statistics, you can see that about 50% of the country's population suffer from this ailment of varying degrees.

Diagnosis and treatment of a flat foot is done by an orthopedic doctor. But to determine the flat feet in the home can anyone who wants to test themselves or their child for such a problem. Let's consider the most accessible methods of home diagnostics.

What to look for

Any doctor starts the process of diagnosis from a survey and examination of the patient. This can easily be done at home.

Pay close attention not only on the foot, but also on the shoes of a man suspected of flat feet.

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Under normal conditions (in the absence of flat feet), the outer part of the shoe first worn out, but if the person has a flat foot, the inner part of the shoe and heel will be first worn.

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A characteristic wear of shoes for flat feet - check yourself!

Also, you need to pay attention to other signs that may indicate problems with the shape of the foot (they are nonspecific and are inherent in other types of deformation of the feet, not just flat feet):

• abnormal color of the soles of the soles (cyanotic, red, pale);
• presence on the feet of corns, calluses, scuffs;
• when walking or prolonged stays, fatigue and pain in the feet appear;
• swelling of the feet, shins toward the end of the day;
• cramps in the legs, including the night, heaviness;
• impossibility to wear shoes on heels because of pain syndrome;
• gradual increase in the size of shoes;
• impossibility to keep balance, squatting;
• various disorders of posture, back pain;
• change of habitual gait;
• deviation of the first toe of the foot outward (a "bone" appears on it);
• hammer-shaped deformation of 2 and 3 toes.

A simple home test

You can also read: flatfoot and his treatment

With it, you can quickly check the flat feet at home.

Specialists in the field of medicine call such an express method of diagnostics by plottography. The essence of the technique is to obtain a footprint on paper and study it.

To do this, you need to process the foot with any available household dyes, for example, Lugol's solution (iodine aqueous solution), greenery, ink, paint for drawing on paper.

If there is no desire to stain your feet, you can use any fat cream for this purpose, which will leave an imprint on the paper.

After such preparation it is necessary to leave a trace on a paper. At the same time, one should not strive to take the right posture, a person should become like he does in ordinary everyday life. Weight should be evenly distributed on both legs.

After receiving a foot print, they should be examined in detail and compared with the adopted age standard. It should be noted that age plays an important role in the evaluation of results, since the footprints of a child of different ages and an adult normally differ significantly.

The maximum border of the standard width of the print at the ages is normal

The method of assessing the planktogram in children is as follows. On the received sheet of paper with a foot print, you need to draw 2 perpendicular lines - line AB (drawn through two tangents of the outermost points of the inside of the sole)

In adults, it is easier to evaluate a planogram. However, the technique is practically the same as described.

But the perpendicular obtained should be divided in half, rather than 3 parts.

If the print takes less than half of the segment - this is considered the norm, and if it occupies more than 50% of the segment, you can suspect flat feet.

Evaluation of a planogram in adults

This technique allows you to get only indicative data on the state of the arches of the foot, that is, it is screening. If the results of planketography you suspect the presence of flat feet, then you need to seek medical help for accurate diagnosis.

The Friedland sub-metric method

This technique is also called the technique of Friedland. It consists in carrying out a number of simple calculations to obtain the Friedland sub-metric index. It allows to determine both transverse and longitudinal flatfoot, as well as its degree.

To get the right figure, you need to calculate the index of the longitudinal arch of the foot, which is equal to the ratio of its height to the length, expressed in percent. The length is measured from the edge of the thumb to the edge of the heel, height is measured from the edge of the scaphoid bone to the foot support surface.

Method for measuring the foot for determining the sub-metric index

Normally, this index is 29-31%, if you get the numbers below 29, then there is flattening of the foot, which indicates the development of flatfoot. Also on the index of Fridland you can determine the degree of flatfoot (the parameters of calculating the degree of pathology are indicated in the table below).

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To determine the transverse flatfoot at home, you need to calculate the transverse index of the arch of the foot - the ratio in percent of the width of the foot to its length.

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The width should be measured at the level of metatarsal bones (from the first to the fifth).

Under normal conditions this figure does not exceed 40%, if the result is greater, this indicates a flattening of the transverse arch.

Not really a home diagnostic method

The X-ray method for diagnosing flatfoot is considered very accurate, but completely independently diagnostics will not be possible, since it is necessary to have x-ray photographs of the feet in two projections, made under load in the patient standing.

Although this information may be needed by people who live in small towns, where there is possibility to take X-rays, but there is no way to get advice orthopedic specialist. It is this doctor who must evaluate the pictures, make a series of calculations, determine the type and degree of flatfoot. But if you really want to, you can deal with the pictures yourself and at home.

As already mentioned, the first stage of diagnostics is obtaining x-ray pictures of feet in standing position (static load) in anteroposterior and lateral projection.

X-ray diagnosis of longitudinal flat feet

In order to evaluate the pictures and draw a conclusion about the presence of a flat foot, it is necessary to determine the height of the arch of the foot and the angle of its longitudinal arch.

On the X-ray of the lateral projection of the feet (as shown in the diagram above) three lines are drawn:

• the first horizontal, which touches 2 points to the surface of the calcaneus calcaneus and to the head of the first metatarsal bone;
• the second line is drawn from the point of contact of the first line with the calcaneus ridge to the lower surface of the scaphoid-wedge joint;
• the third line is drawn from the point of contact of the first segment with the head of the first metatarsal bone to the lower surface of the scaphoid-wedge joint.

The angle of the longitudinal arch of the foot is formed by the first and third lines, which intersect at the lowest point of the scaphoid-wedge joint.

The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot is the perpendicular segment of the scaphoid-wedge joint lowered from the lower point (the point of intersection of lines 2 and 3) to the first (horizontal) line.

Evaluate these two indicators and diagnose the transverse flatfoot will help the following table.

X-ray diagnosis of transverse flatfoot

To diagnose transverse flatfoot, you need to evaluate the radiograph in an anteroposterior projection, in a standing position (static load). It is necessary to determine 2 indicators:

• the angle between 1 and 2 metatarsal bones (the intergluteal angle),
• angle of deviation of the first finger (angle of the halus valgus).

This scheme will help you to do this correctly.

Evaluate these two indicators, as well as diagnose transverse flatfoot and its degree can be done using the table below.

X-ray methodology for diagnosing flatfoot at the moment is considered the most accurate. It is with her help that in most cases such diagnosis is made.

At first glance, it may seem that this is all very difficult and unavailable to perform at home, but if a person has at least initial knowledge of geometry, then with the help of the above schemes and tables it can do it no worse than a specialist.

After all, today there are more modern and accurate methods for diagnosing a flat foot and other deformities that will give the doctor maximum useful information about your illness, will allow you to select individual orthopedic insoles and make an effective treatment regimen and secondary prevention.

A source: http://MoyaSpina.ru/diagnostika/kak-proverit-ploskostopie-domashnih-usloviyah

How do you know if there is flat feet at home?

Stop - a unique in its structure and functionality mechanism, which determines the ability of a person to go straight.

This natural shock absorber (spring) acts as a natural protection of the body and the musculoskeletal system from injuries and premature wear, ensuring the safe performance of mechanical movements (jumping, running, squats, etc.).

Deformation of the foot leads to a number of pathologies of the skeleton and changes in gait. In time to eliminate the problem, avoiding serious health consequences, you can, if you know how to determine flat feet at home.

Etiology of the disease

The foot is consolidated due to functional disorders in the system of muscles and leg ligaments leading to omission arches of the foot, loss of its spring-cushioning properties and anatomical curvature of metatarsals bones.

At the same time, all the mechanical stress that occurs during the movement of a person is transferred to the bone frame - the spine, hip, ankle and knee joints - making it brittle and weak.

As a result, various degradation processes are observed in the body in the form of pinching of the intervertebral nerves, circulatory disorders, development of joint inflammations (bones, bursitis), etc.

In the same form, the disease leads to irreversible effects - scoliosis, arthritis, arthrosis, varicose veins, gout. Any, even the simplest, movements, cause a person to experience severe discomfort.

Timely physiotherapy correction of foot deformation can significantly facilitate the life of the patient and stop the development of pathology.

Ways how to find out if there is a flatfoot there are many. However, only an orthopedic trauma specialist can give an accurate diagnosis after a thorough all-round examination.

Causes of flatfoot development

The shape of the foot changes due to various factors.

The most typical reasons for its flattening are:

• hereditary weak musculoskeletal apparatus;
• large body weight;
• lack of mobility as a result of professional activity or way of life;
• narrow, uncomfortable or on high (more than 7 cm) heel shoes;
• chronic diseases - diabetes, poliomyelitis, rickets;
• pregnancy;
• atrophy of muscle tissue in the period of age-related changes;
• long loads on the legs - "standing" work, sports, ballet, etc.;
• various kinds of trauma to the foot, calcaneus, ankle, cartilage.

However, in 8 out of 10 all cases of flatfoot, the disease develops due to poor formation of ligaments and muscles and genetic predisposition.

Flat-footedness - what is it and what does it look like?

Symptoms of flat feet in adults differ in their specific characteristics, expressed in:

• rapid fatigue of the feet with prolonged walking or standing in place;
• edema and sensation of heaviness in calves;
• pouring of ankles and pains in the soles of the feet, joints of the knees, hips and back;
• distortion of posture and gait;
• impossibility to maintain balance, especially in squatting position;
• clubfoot;
• leg cramps;
• visual deformation of the foot - the appearance of its curvature, expansion or elongation, disproportion fingers, bones or gout, ingrown nail, joint changes and malformations ankle muscles;
• a feeling of discomfort or pain when wearing any, even disagreed, shoes;
• the appearance of varicose veins.

The disease develops slowly and unnoticed for humans. Therefore, it is very often possible to determine flat feet only in the late stages of the disease, when its signs are already clearly expressed.

In addition to the typical, the symptoms are also characteristic of a certain type of flatfoot.

Classification of flat feet

There are several variants of foot deformities - initial, transverse, longitudinal and combined. The latter is from 29 to 50% of all cases of pathology.

To know how to determine which flat feet longitudinal or transverse, in orthopedics, a special typologization of the disease by type, origin and degree of development has been developed.

View

1. Initial. Visually the foot is not changed, however, there is slight fatigue and swelling of the legs.
2. Transverse.

   Compaction of the transverse arch of the foot, a decrease in its length due to a fan-shaped divergence of metatarsal bones, deformation of the middle finger and a deviation of 1 finger outwards.

3. Longitudinal.

   Lowering the longitudinal arch, so that the foot with the entire area of ​​the sole completely in contact with the floor and increases in length. In statistics, every third platypodia in patients aged 16-25 years.

Flatfoot Genesis

1. Congenital. It is determined at the age not earlier than 5-6 years. Frequency of occurrence is 3%.
2. Traumatic. Consequence of mutilation of the heel, ankle, tarsal bones.
3. Paralytic. It develops as a result of poliomyelitis and is manifested by paralysis of the ankle muscles.
4. Ricket. Complication of rickets.

   The foot bones in this case are fragile, irregularly formed.

5. Static.

   It constitutes from 80 to 90% of all forms of flatfoot and is characterized by weakness of the ligament system and ankle muscles.

Power

1. I Art.Deformation is almost imperceptible. The angle of deviation of 1 and 2 metatarsal bones is no more than 12 degrees, and the big finger - 15-20 degrees.

   The gait is less plastic, fatigue and tenderness of the legs are observed after prolonged physical activity.

2. II century.The angle of deflection increases to 30 degrees.

   There is a visible disruption of the gait, transverse or longitudinal flatness of the sole, soreness in walking and the disappearance of the outlines of the vaults.

3. III century.The deviation is about 40 degrees.

   There is constant pain in the legs, lower back and joints, a violation of posture, the development of osteochondrosis and arthritis. It becomes impossible to wear regular shoes and exercise.

4. IV century.The most difficult stage.

   Exceeding the angle of deformation is more than 40 degrees.

To accurately determine the flat feet of the footprint (both the nature of the pathology and the degree of its complexity) use the radiography of both feet in the lateral and direct projection.

What is the danger of foot deformation?

Harmless in appearance, flat feet can not only provoke all kinds of distortions of the feet, bones and skeleton, but also lead to disability.

Therefore, the discovery of the first signs of the disease - this is a good reason to visit the orthopedist.After the longer the situation with flat feet is tightened, the more difficult it is to cure it.

With the timely detection of the disease, the percentage of positive therapeutic outcome is quite high.

Can I diagnose the disease myself?

Flattening has a symptomatic similarity with other orthopedic diseases, in connection with which pathology is diagnosed through a comprehensive medical examination.

Thus the basic attention is given to instrumental methods of survey - roentgenography, a subdometry and KD - allowing to unmistakably diagnose.

However, even at home, it is possible to determine the degree of flatfoot, both at the initial and late stages. To do this, the foot is plentifully lubricated with oil or fat cream and makes its imprint on a white sheet of paper in a standing position.

According to the nature of the trace, there is talk about the presence and degree of flatfoot. In addition to the print, attention is also paid to subjective feelings and complaints, the specificity and severity of which corresponds to a specific type of pathology.

Treatment and prevention of flat feet

The basis of the struggle with flat feet is the training and strengthening of the muscles of the feet.

The therapeutic course is made taking into account the complexity of the pathological process and can include several directions:

• physiotherapy;
• anesthesia;
• correction of the arch of the foot with the help of an orthopedic insole (instep) and special shoes;
• remodeling and restoration of the foot by surgical treatment.

When the diagnosis of flat feet, regardless of the shape and stage of its development, always prescribed therapeutic gymnastics.The complex of exercises for the patient is selected individually based on medical indications.

The exercise is performed daily for 15-20 minutes. Such systematic training of foot muscles promotes their strengthening and proper formation.

Do not neglect and massage your feet. In addition to being pleasant, it normalizes the venous circulation in the ankle and increases its muscle tone.

Recommendations for the prevention of flat feet

1. Do not overload the foot with a prolonged standing or excessive physical exertion.
2. To go in for sports only in specialized footwear.
3. If you are in a static position for a long time, periodically knead your legs.
4. Use massage and herbal baths to relax the feet.
5. Walk barefoot on sand, grass, pebbles, logs, earth.
6. Wear soft, leather shoes with a heel not more than 4-5 cm.
7. Give up narrow, cramped, uncomfortable, worn shoes and high-heeled shoes or a platform.
8. To buy orthopedic insoles and shoes only to order and by individual measures.
9. Shoes or boots should be of the correct size, corresponding to the length of the foot.

   Regarding children - categorically forbidden shoes "to grow".

Thus, for all the seriousness of flat feet, the disease is not a final sentence and is quite amenable to correction.

However, to achieve the desired result requires competent diagnosis of pathology, individual selection effective course of treatment, the regularity of the performance of medical prescriptions and the responsible attitude of the patient himself to this problem.

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A source: http://lechenie-narodom.ru/kak-opredelit-ploskostopie-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

How to determine the flat feet of a child at home

Before you understand how and why the diagnosis of flatfoot, you need to determine what is meant by this term. In medical practice, this is referred to as lowering the arch of the foot under the influence of negative factors.

Because of the lowered arch, the property of the foot is lost - the shock absorber effect. The pressure of body weight is redistributed to other parts of the musculoskeletal system - joints, hips and spine.

Such a process entails the development of disease states associated with the work of the skeleton.

What are the degrees of flatfoot

The disease does not belong to the category of ailments that manifest unexpectedly, its development can be diagnosed and stopped on time. Depending on the scale of the changes, the stages of flatfoot development are distinguished:

• The first. The deformity of the foot is almost invisible, the natural shape remains, but there are pains in the legs and increased fatigue in walks that did not previously cause problems.
• The second. Changes in arches become noticeable, it is lost ~ 2 cm in height. In addition to feet, the ankles and shins regularly begin to ache. There are violations of gait.
• The third. The leg is heavily deformed, even short-term loads respond with pain and swelling, begins to bother the back, spine, attacks of headache. If you start the disease to this level, you can later face with arthrosis, osteochondrosis and vertebral hernia.

Types of disease

Flattening is characterized by two types - longitudinal and transverse.

When the longitudinal is affected by the arch, which can be observed on the inside of the foot. Suffer people 15-26 years old. It is caused by the weakness of the connective structures in the legs due to heredity or long walks in high heels. It is normal for kids under the age of 10 years.

The transverse type captures the arch, passing under the bases of the toes. It develops to the mature age after 35 years due to the fact that ligaments and muscles are weakening, the vaults fall under constant pressure. Quite often provokes the formation of calcaneal spurs.

Classification of the disease by its root cause

Flatfoot type	Cause
Congenital	The foot was not properly formed yet in the womb
Static	Ligaments and muscles weaken and do not keep the leg in the right position due to heredity, overloads, badly picked up shoes, etc.
Ricket	The bone frame of the foot was deformed under the influence of rickets.
Traumatic	The disease developed after a fracture of the tarsus, heel, ankle or ligament rupture in this area.
Paralytic	It is found in patients who have suffered a neuroinfection like poliomyelitis, muscle paralysis, including on the foot and shin.

The main symptoms of flatfoot

Symptoms that indicate the beginning of flat feet, in most cases, are ignored.But with sufficient attention to your condition, further development of the disease is prevented, the risk of complications is minimized. The first "bell" - signs of flat feet:

• The abrasion of the soles of shoes in the inner side is greater than usual. And with the development of the deviation, the displacement increases.
• Increased fatigue with prolonged walking.
• Constantly aching back and spine.
• Discomfort when forced to stand at a single point.
• Sudden swelling appeared.
• Cramps in the calves at night.
• The main symptoms typical for girls and women are frequent migraines and severe discomfort after wearing shoes on the heel.
• Many patients become cramped in their old shoes, because the foot stretches.
• When squatting it becomes difficult to stay on your feet.
• The walk becomes heavier, and the posture deteriorates.
• Begins to bulge the "bone" on the thumb.

Self-diagnosis of the disease

Final approval of the diagnosis should only specialist orthopedic.

No method, how to determine flat feet at home, does not give an accurate result.

But if there were any suspicions when conducting home tests, this is a good reason to go to the doctor's office without delaying for an indefinite period.

Plantography

For this method of determining flatfoot you will need a clean paper sheet and paints or a green leaf. If there is no desire to wash your feet, then oil, a greasy cream or Lugol's solution will do.

Both feet are generously lubricated with the selected substance, after which the person becomes a sheet of paper. It is necessary to stand straight, in a natural position. The prints on the planogram are being studied.

Normally, a notch on the inside of the foot is visible, occupying slightly more than half the length of the edge. A weak manifestation of the cavity or its absence indicates the development of the disease.

Clinical method

Even if the home was not a centimeter, paints or ointments, it is still possible to conduct flat-foot diagnosis at home.

There is a method based on the study of special lines, giving an idea of ​​the origin of the disease.

The severity of its development test does not determine, but at least makes it clear if there is reason to worry. Features are built in 2 ways:

• TN. the Face line runs from the top of the inner ankle to a slightly protruding small bone on the side of the thumb of the foot, which is called the first metatarsal bone. On a healthy leg, the line will be drawn approximately in the middle of the arch. The trait, shifted upward, closer to the rear side of the foot, can speak of progressive flat feet. The result is caused by the lowering of the bones creating the vault on the inside.
• The triangle, whose vertices are the two already mentioned points - ankle and plyus, as well as the outer edge of the heel. The results of the study are the angles that have turned out at the heel and ankle. If the first is less than 60 ° and the second is greater than 95 ° - it is worthwhile to suspect a flat foot.

How to check on Friedland's method

1. Measure the height and length of the foot.
2. Multiply the first parameter by 100, divided by the length value. The resulting number is called the sub-metric index.

It helps both to know about the presence of flat feet, and to determine the degree of severity. Normally, the index is 29-31.

Measure 27-28 indicates a suspicion of an initial stage of the disease, and if the index falls below 25, then it is defined as pronounced.

Medical diagnostics

Subgraphics

Physicians use a method based on an analysis of the mechanics of patient walking, the time indices of his movements.

The patient is trained in specialized footwear and walks along the metal path. Careful attention is paid to his gait, its rhythm, the time of rolling on the heel.

The disease shortens the duration of the support phase and increases the period of the double step.

X-ray method

X-rays can accurately identify flat feet and many of its details in the course of diagnosis and treatment - the nature changes, the dynamic process of their formation, the stage of the disease and progress during therapy.

There are several photographs in the state of fixed loading - in the anterior-posterior and lateral projections. From the numerical indicators, the angle of the longitudinal arch and its total height can be used to analyze the patient's condition.

Features of the identification of flat feet in children

The ways to determine flat feet in a child at home or at a doctor do not differ from the methods used for adults, but the results are evaluated in different ways.

Detect the disease in children is difficult - until two years their feet are completely flat and do not have arches, because they are covered with a layer of fat and almost do not experience loads. Only when the karapuz begins to actively walk and run, he has arches and you can see some deviations.

You can also start their prevention by buying a good, comfortable shoes and regularly visiting a doctor.

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In childhood, it is much easier to cure flat feet with a cavity than in the mature years, because the skeletal apparatus of the child is still being formed, and it is easy to change it. Therapy, conducted before the age of six, almost eliminates the possibility of facing the same problem in adulthood.

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It is worthwhile to suspect that if a child:

• A squint, that is, during walking, puts the legs with their toes inwards, when it is right for children to put their feet in parallel.
• The inner edges of the shoe wear out faster than the rest of the surface.

How to avoid disease

To prevent flat feet, it is enough to follow simple rules:

• Avoid long-term standing in one place or heavy loads.
• Do not exercise without specialized footwear.
• From time to time, stretch your legs if you have to stand still for a long time.
• Regularly massage your feet and make baths with herbal decoctions.
• As often as possible, walk barefoot on uneven surfaces, sand, grass or pebbles.
• Choose shoes from soft natural leather with low heels.
• Do not wear old and uncomfortable shoes or shoes that harness or discomfort due to high heels / platforms.
• Wear insoles and arch supports, made by personal measurements to order.

At the beginning of development, flat feet are rarely taken seriously, as a disease capable of causing significant discomfort.

This is a dangerous and wrong opinion, because if you run it, you can poison the joy of walking and lower the quality of life, face more serious problems.

In order to prevent the development of the disease, you need to follow preventive measures and immediately seek help. Do not ignore the pain and discomfort in the legs. Attention to the well-being of oneself and children is the guarantee of a healthy and comfortable life.

A source: http://NogiNashi.ru/sustavy-i-kosti/ploskostopie/opredelenie-ploskostopiya-v-domashnix-usloviyax.html