The causes of the development of arthritis and its treatment

Complete characteristic of arthritis: types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Arthritis is a common name for a group of joint diseases of an inflammatory nature of a different origin. Inflammation of one or at the same time several joints can be both an independent disease, and a manifestation of the systemic pathology of the body.

What is arthritis in an accessible way? In simple terms, it is an inflammation of the cartilage, synovial membrane, capsule, joint fluid and other joint elements.

There are more than 10 types of arthritis (more about them - later in the article). The mechanism of development of different types of the disease is almost the same, with the exception of some nuances.

Pathology negatively affects the patient's quality of life, its main symptoms: pain syndrome, swelling and redness of the affected area, local fever, restriction of movement, deformation the joint.

It becomes difficult for a person to carry out everyday tasks, and in the case of a serious illness, even elementary movements.

Chronic long-term arthritis often leads to partial or complete immobilization with the design of the disability group.

Any type of arthritis is treatable(some kinds are treated better and easier, some - worse), especially now (article written in 2016), when developed and successfully used a variety of therapeutic techniques that effectively deal not only with the symptoms of the disease, but also with its cause and consequences.

If the inflammation of the joints develops against the background of tuberculosis, syphilis, brucellosis or other infection, then the emphasis is made for the treatment of the underlying disease, which is dealt with, respectively, by the phthisiatrist, infectious disease specialist or dermatologist-venereologist.

Below I will describe in detail the types, causes and symptoms of arthritis, I will tell you about modern diagnostic methods and ways of treating the disease.

Types of arthritis

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By the nature of the changes occurring, arthritis is divided into:

• inflammatory, which is characterized by the presence of inflammation,
• degenerative, when there is a first violation of cartilage nutrition, dystrophy, a change in the appearance of the affected joint, followed by its deformation.

Arthritis occurs in acute, subacute and chronic form. For inflammatory lesions, the most characteristic is acute or subacute flow, for degenerative-dystrophic - chronic.

Acute inflammatory process happens: serous, serous-fibrous, purulent.

The most "harmless" inflammation with the formation and accumulation of serous (transparent) fluid in the synovial bag occurs with synovitis - inflammation of the joint membrane.

Particularly severe arthritis is purulent.

With it, the inflammation affects, in addition to the joint bag, also the surrounding tissues, and in the articular fluid appears pus, due to the active multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. The development of a purulent process is fraught with the formation of a capsular phlegmon (when a purulent process seizes the entire joint).

Causes of the disease

Common reasons

• Heredity;
• injuries;
• obesity;
• metabolic disorders in the body;
• frequent hypothermia;
• infection;
• irrational distribution of physical activity: long stay in a sitting position, then excessive physical activity;
• acute bacterial, viral or fungal infections;
• diseases of the nervous system;
• autoimmune diseases.

• Surgery on the joint,
• old age,
• childbirth,
• weakened immunity,
• vaccination,
• allergy,
• repeated abortions,
• malnutrition,
• adverse ecological situation,
• lack of minerals and vitamins.

Malnutrition is the main cause of gouty arthritis

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The development of rheumatoid arthritis is affected by the malfunction of immunity. For unknown reasons, special cells of the immune system begin to "attack" their own joint tissues.

As a result, autoimmune inflammation begins, proceeding with the growth of aggressive tissue with tumor-like development, because of which ligaments, articular surfaces are damaged, cartilages and the bones to which they are subject are destroyed.

This leads to the development of fibrosis, sclerosis, erosion, as a result - to contractures, subluxations, stiff joint stiffness - ankylosis.

Symptoms

The leading symptom of arthritis is pain in one or more joints.At first they are weak and practically do not affect the ordinary life of a person.

Over time, the pain syndrome increases: the pains acquire a wavy character, intensifying with movement, at night and closer to the morning.

The intensity of pain varies from mild to very severe, which hampers any movement.

Secondary symptoms:

1. morning stiffness,
2. swelling,
3. redness of the skin,
4. increase in local temperature in the inflammation zone,
5. deterioration of the patient's motor activity,
6. restriction of its mobility,
7. formation of permanent deformations of the joints.

Depending on the course of the process, the limitation of the functionality of the affected joints is both mild and severe, with the possible complete immobilization of the limb.

Consider the symptoms of some types of arthritis in more detail.

Traumatic arthritis

Traumatic damage of articular elements is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction, and if a cavity is penetrated pathogenic microbes - then a purulent inflammation of the joint fluid and bag, gradually passing to nearby tissues the joint.

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

This type of arthritis is characterized by symmetrical lesions of the knee, wrist, elbow, ankle joints, as well as small joints of the fingers and toes. Inflammation of the hip, shoulder and spine joints is less common, but also possible.

In acute or subacute ailment of the person disturbing sharp pains in muscles and joints, strong weakness, fever, stiffness in small joints in the mornings.

The chronic sluggish process proceeds with pain of low degree of severity, gradual the growth of joint changes, which are usually not accompanied by significant restrictions of functions extremities.

Gradually, the inflammation passes to the muscles close to the joint. As a result, their focal inflammation develops, muscle strength and tone decrease, the patient feels muscle weakness, severe fatigue after normal physical exertion.

A typical symptom is the appearance of subcutaneous nodules of rounded shape with a diameter of not more than 2 cm. They can also form on the valves of the heart and in the lungs.

This type of disease is characterized by the asymmetry of the lesion at the same time 2 or 3 joints. And first, small joints of the toes and hands are inflamed, then large ones - knees, elbows, shoulders, etc.

The development of oligoarthritis (inflammation of not more than 3 joints) is accompanied by inflammation of the membranes around tendon, an increase in the temperature of the inflamed area and redness of the skin, swelling and soreness joints.

The pain syndrome is expressed at rest or at night, the morning stiffness and soreness passes during the day.

Diagnostics

The establishment of an accurate diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical manifestations, physician examination data and laboratory results diagnosis, confirming the presence of arthritis (diagnostic data also help determine the type, stage, degree of activity process).

At inspection with visual survey and a palpation of disturbing joints the doctor marks puffiness, redness of the skin that is hot to the touch; when a disease is started, there is visible deformation articulation.

The table below - the specific types of research that you need to go through if you suspect arthritis:

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Methods of treatment

Any kind of arthritis has several stages of development. For each, certain methods of treatment are selected: for the first and second is quite conservative therapy, for the third and in the presence of complications, surgical intervention may be required.

The table shows the general scheme of treatment of arthritis.

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Methods of treatment of arthritis

The methods of treatment of different types of arthritis are very similar, the differences are only in some specific nuances, for example:

• With specific arthritis, the main disease is treated (with tuberculosis the emphasis is on anti-tuberculosis drugs).
• To reduce the activity of psoriatic arthritis, the above methods supplement with ultraviolet or laser irradiation of blood, hemosorption. And from fizioprotsedur effective PUVA-therapy, combining the intake of a special photosensitizing drug with external irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet rays.

A source: http://SustavZdorov.ru/artrit/artrit-299.html

Causes of Arthritis

In medicine, a number of diseases are known, the causes, psychosomatics and etiology of which have so far not been studied or studied very poorly.

Among these, one can call the disease of large and small joints - arthritis. The causes of arthritis can be completely different.

Types of arthritis are determined because it was the cause of its occurrence, what are the symptoms, the degree of neglect of the disease, and the treatment of arthritis depends on these parameters.

Description

Arthritis is the collective name of joint disease (both small and large), characterized by a single, (monoarthritis) or mass (polyarthritis) joint / joint damage, which is a thinning of the cartilaginous tissue the patient joint.

The disease is caused by impaired metabolic processes within the joint resulting in an increase in the synovial membrane, leading to tissue proliferation and cartilage destruction.

Excess fluid in the joint leads to stimulation of inflammation and the onset of pain and fever.

Such a disease is not uncommon in the practice of doctors, in the Russian Federation alone the number of cases is growing every year, every 6 of those who have such a disease becomes disabled.

Psychosomatics

It may seem strange, but the causes of arthritis are not only external factors, that is, those that influenced the body from the outside, but also internal, that is, those that were splashed out of the human essence. The psychosomatics of the disease includes the following reasons:

1. Depression.
2. Experiences.
3. Bad mood.
4. Psychical deviations.
5. Feeling of loneliness.

However, psychosomatics - not the only reason for the appearance of inflammation, provocateurs are also such phenomena as:

• Drinking alcohol;
• Inadequate nutrition;
• Elderly age;
• Excess body weight;
• Insufficiently active or vice versa, too active way of life;
• Elevated levels of uric acid.

Causes of joint disease

Since the discovery of the disease, no generation of scientists has wondered what causes the disease and how to get rid of arthritis.

To a single decision, the doctors did not come, nevertheless, most of them, according to the results of numerous studies, concluded that the causes of arthritis can be the following:

1. Heredity.
2. Weak immunity.
3. Infectious diseases.

The causes of arthritis and its psychosomatics are still poorly understood. However, it is known for certain that the disease is looking for a person who is weak in spirit. In the risk zone are those people who can not be called stress-resistant.

Arthritis is dangerous because with multiple joint damage, their deformation begins, and the movement of the joints is completely impaired. Danger arthritis of the joints and the fact that when untimely initiation of treatment, a person is provided with disability after 5-10 years of the course of the disease.

Symptoms

Like any other disease, joint arthritis has its symptoms. These include general symptoms that characterize the occurrence of joints, and those symptoms of arthritis that are inherent only in this disease.

1. Pain in the joint area that occurs during movement and during rest.
2. Difficulty of movement caused by deformity and swelling.
3. Swelling of the joint, which looks like an overgrown cone.
4. Deformation of small joints, which usually affect the fingers.
5. Redness of the sore spot and fever.
6. Fever during an exacerbation. In such cases, a person "shakes he can not get warm even under a very warm blanket. Usually, fever is accompanied by an aching in the limbs.
7. Change in the structure of the joint tissue when examining the X-ray. The picture shows lesions and the degree of depletion of the cartilaginous tissue.

Arthritis symptoms are very similar to arthrosis, it has two distinctive features - it's pain and when you are in state of rest (arthrosis hurts only during the movement of the joint) and fever, which is not observed with arthrosis.

Types of arthritis

Signs of arthritis appear differently and not always right away, when the disease has just begun to appear. Specific symptoms are manifested depending on which specific type of arthritis is diagnosed in the patient.

Types of arthritis are divided into two groups:

• Primary;
• Occurring simultaneously with other diseases.

Primary arthritis is a disease that occurs spontaneously, and inflammation is not provoked by any extraneous signs.

The primary group consists of several types of inflammation of the cartilage:

1. Rheumatoid.
2. Osteoarthritis.
3. Spondylitis.
4. Gout.
5. Still's disease.
6. Septic.
7. Juvenile (idiopathic).

The second group is a group of a disease whose inflammation in the cartilaginous tissue of the joint is a consequence of the course of an infectious disease. These include several groups of arthritis:

• Brucellosis arthritis;
• Granulomatous;
• Borreliosis;
• Purple-gray;
• Haemochromatous;
• Psoriatic;
• Reactive arthritis.

For a more illustrative example, let's take brucellosis arthritis. Brucellosis is a disease transmitted to a person through products given by animals (milk, meat).

When brucellosis arthritis is infected, almost all organ systems, including joints, are affected.

The disease that caused the appearance of arthritis, and the source of infection that shows brucella bacteria, is called brucellosis arthritis (that is, arthritis, which is the result of brucellosis).

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of this inflammatory process in the joints is a complex process, and the difficulties are due to the fact that the causes of the onset, the etiology and psychosomatics of the disease have not been sufficiently studied.

Primary diagnosis consists of elucidating the causes of inflammation, lesions, pain intensity.

Secondary diagnosis consists in the appointment of the necessary tests to confirm a suspected diagnosis. To do this, you usually assign:

• Arthroscopy;
• X-ray;
• Ultrasound:
• CTG and MRI;
• Some other laboratory studies.

Thus, the diagnosis of diseases of cartilage tissue has several main objectives.

1. Compile a detailed medical history (so that not a single detail is missed).
2. Establish a preliminary diagnosis and identify its "union" with other diseases (infectious and non-infectious).
3. To create a characteristic clinical picture of the onset of inflammation.
4. Identify research methods (laboratory and instrumental).
5. Investigate the synovial fluid.

Such a variety of methods is due to the lack of knowledge of the answer to the question of how to cure arthritis. In addition, the methods traditionally used to establish the correct diagnosis and type of disease are not always accurate in determining the cause of pain and the appointment of treatment.

Treatment

How to treat arthritis and what to do with arthritis is the main question that interests readers of this article.

Treatment of arthritis and selected methods depend on the type of disease, the causes that led to inflammation, the degree of its neglect, on how long the disease progresses.

Treatment of arthritis usually consists of several stages:

1. It is necessary to remove the inflammation.
2. To ease the pain.
3. Taking corticosteroids to prevent the return of the disease.
4. Sometimes a course of antibiotics is prescribed.
5. A course of therapeutic massage and therapeutic gymnastics is prescribed.

Methods involving the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are mandatory for the treatment of any diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system. Usually prescribed drugs such as:

• Orthophene;
• Diclofenac;
• Ibuprofen;
• Immedethacin;
• Ketoprofen;
• Acetylsalicylic acid.

The choice of these drugs depends on the individual characteristics of the human body, age, type of disease, the presence of diseases that prohibit the use of non-steroid drugs. Usually, non-steroidal preparations can relieve pain very well, but if the pain syndrome is strongly pronounced, then potent painkillers are additionally prescribed.

Corticosteroids are prescribed only in the most extreme cases, when the inflammatory process can not be removed with non-steroid drugs. But, since this is a group of hormone-containing drugs, the dose and timing of admission are minimal and prescribed strictly by the doctor and are taken under his watchful control.

The course of antibiotics is prescribed in the case of surgical interventions to prevent the development of gangrene, infections, etc.

Treatment of arthritis with folk remedies should be carried out only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Rehabilitation after removal of inflammation

The course of rehabilitation is carried out only after it was possible to remove inflammation, pain, eliminate joint deformation, fever, and the disease receded. Rehabilitation consists of several activities, for each of which special methods have been developed.

The rehabilitation course consists of the following:

1. Physiotherapy.
2. Therapeutic massage.
3. Physiotherapy exercises.
4. Swimming.
5. Special diet.
6. The presence of positive emotions.
7. Keeping a healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion

Thus, arthritis is a disease that carries a whole complex of problems with joints and denotes the collective name of all lesions of the joint tissue.

The psychosomatics of the ailment has not been sufficiently studied yet, but many believe that the psychological state affects both the onset of inflammation and the speed of recovery.

Diagnosis of arthritis involves a complex set of studies that need to be done to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of illness.

If in addition to changes in tissue in the body there is an infection, then all actions are immediately sent to suppress it. It is important to remember that the sooner a patient lodges complaints and the diagnosis is carried out, the more chances a person will have to restore cartilaginous tissue without further complications.

A source: http://lechenie-sustavy.ru/artrit/prichiny-razvitiya-artrita/

Causes and methods of treatment of arthritis

Arthritiscalled inflammatory joint diseases. As a rule, arthritis affects the most "working" joints, which experience the maximum load with an active lifestyle, dancing or sports, etc.

Often, those joints that have suffered additional stress caused by incorrect posture or excessive body weight are affected. Usually the knees, hips, and also the ankles suffer.

If there were injuries to any joint, it also becomes vulnerable to arthritis.

Modern medicine has today more than 100 varieties of arthritis. There are diseases such as gout, lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis - these are all types of arthritis.

Causes of Arthritis

1) Injuries.

2) Violations of the nervous system.

3) Avitaminosis.

4) Bacterial, fungal or viral infection.

5) Allergies.

6) Disturbances of blood supply.

7) Metabolic disorders.

8) The factor of heredity.

All these factors of disease occurrence are generalized into four groups: infectious causes, traumatic causes, genetic causes and immunological causes of arthritis.

The most common are infectious causes, when due to viral or infectious diseases arthritis occurs.

This is due to the fact that the body that is struggling with a viral or infectious disease, produces certain antibodies.

Antibodies, in turn, affect not only the cells of the virus, but also the shell of the joint.

In second place are traumatic causes. Most often arthritis occurs because the previously received injury was not completely cured. Especially often in this case, people suffer, whose work is associated with heavy physical exertion.

As an immunological cause of arthritis may be an unfavorable ecological atmosphere and even an unbalanced diet (lack of essential vitamins). Lack of calcium and excessive consumption of caffeinated drinks can also be the cause of joint diseases.

It has been scientifically proven that the genetic causes of arthritis also occur.

This is usually associated with the infectious nature of the disease or with the transmission of a direct genetic predisposition to the disease.

Symptoms of Arthritis

Regardless of the causes of arthritis in the joints, the same process occurs - a metabolic disorder. In turn, the intraarticular cartilage becomes thinner, resulting in swelling of the joints. Thus, deformation and development of arthritis occurs.

The main symptoms of arthritis:

- Frequent pain in the joints (especially when moving).

- Change in shape and swelling of the joints.

- Redness of the skin above the joint (sometimes fever).

Stiffness of movements in the morning.

Symptoms of infectious arthritis:

- Redness and swelling.

- Pain sensations (especially during pressure on the joint).

- Increased body temperature, chills.

With advanced stages of arthritis, often fatigue and increased body temperature are observed.

Methods of treatment of arthritis

There are many methods of treating arthritis. Those who have experienced this disease know that there are ways of treating both traditional and traditional medicine.

Most often, when there are acute forms of arthritis, doctors recommend a medical method of treatment. With severe pain, it is necessary to take painkillers, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs. This will ease the pain and return the joints mobility.

Sometimes, with some forms of arthritis, operations are performed that help restore mobility to the joints. Most often in the operation there is a need for arthritis of the knee.

In this case, the damaged connective tissue is removed and the body begins the process of regeneration of connective tissue cells.

Sometimes the removal or splicing of bones with arthritis of the neck or foot is performed.

Recently, small doses of chemotherapy have been used in the treatment of arthritis, which helps to relieve pain and, at the same time, not to lose the function of the joints. Often with rheumatoid arthritis, remove blood plasma or its elemental elements.

Alternative methods of treating arthritis include acupuncture. This is the oldest method of Chinese medicine, based on the fact that during the process, the release of endorphins into the blood is accelerated. And, as you know, endorphins perfectly relieve pain.

Also, folk medicine advises in the treatment of arthritis to use a variety of various ointments, decoctions and tinctures.

A source: https://DoorinWorld.ru/stati/888-prichiny-vozniknoveniya-i-metody-lecheniya-artrita

What is arthritis of the joints and why does the disease occur?

Arthritis: what is it and how does this disease manifest itself? This term means inflammatory joint disease, which is characterized by increased pain during movement.

The skin, located on the affected area of ​​the musculoskeletal system, turns red, the local temperature rises. A disease that affects one joint is called monoarthritis, if the pathological process covers several areas, a diagnosis of polyarthritis is made.

In the absence of treatment, inflammatory changes appear in all tissues:

1. bone;
2. cartilaginous;
3. muscular.

The disease can develop rapidly, in this case it is a question of acute arthritis. Chronic forms of inflammation progress gradually.

The risk group includes people over 60 years of age, this disease is found in half of the elderly. However, arthritis should not be considered an old disease.

Every third inhabitant of our planet encountered these or other manifestations of the disease.

Clinical picture of the disease

Like any other disease, the inflammatory process in the joints has common and typical signs. The clinical picture of arthritis is determined by the causes of its development. In the reactive form, the following is observed:

• general weakness;
• deterioration of well-being;
• headache;
• fever.

A distinctive feature of reactive arthritis is the asymmetric nature of the lesion. Its symptoms can be combined with conjunctivitis and urethritis. Rheumatoid form of the disease has a two-sided nature. Joints swell and become inflamed.

The pain intensifies during sleep, closer to the morning. By the middle of the day, discomfort subsides. In the early stages of relief from pain helps the performance of various exercises.

However, as the pathological process develops, this method becomes less effective.

In the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis (photo 1 helps to learn about the manifestations of this ailment) small pathogens are involved in the pathological process.

During this period, the formation of specific seals in interphalangeal regions begins.

The development of the disease is accompanied by a deterioration in the general state of the body:

• The patient loses appetite;
• has a general weakness;
• begins to tire quickly.

Can appear:

1. numbness of hands and feet;
2. pain behind the sternum with breathing;
3. increased salivary glands;
4. pain in the eyes and lacrimation.

Picture 1. Stages of rheumatoid arthritis

Infectious forms of joint arthritis are characterized by acute onset with the presence of pronounced signs of organism intoxication:

• body temperature rises to febrile values;
• there is a headache;
• chills;
• aching muscles.

In children, this disease contributes to the occurrence of nausea, resulting in a fit of vomiting. The joint swells and deforms, the pain can be given to nearby areas.

A person tries to take a forced position that facilitates his condition. The clinical picture of infectious arthritis in adults is less pronounced than in children.

Gouty often occurs suddenly. It can be triggered by the consumption of large amounts of protein foods or alcoholic beverages. Deformities are exposed to the joints of the toes. Severe forms of gouty arthritis can affect:

1. knee;
2. the hip joint;
3. ankle joint.

In the inflamed area there is a strong pain, puffiness and hyperemia.

The body temperature does not change, the symptoms of the disease abate as suddenly as they occur.

Psoriatic arthritis develops gradually, its signs can appear simultaneously with skin rashes, or some time after this.

What causes arthritis?

Arthritis, whose causes remain undefined in most cases, can develop under the influence of a number of provoking factors:

• infections;
• allergic reactions;
• injuries;
• metabolic disorders;
• neurological disorders;
• vitamin deficiency.

Viruses and bacteria are the most frequent pathogens of infectious diseases that can result in joint damage. It contributes to the destruction of tissues, the wrong reaction of immunity.

Rheumatoid arthritis occurs against infection, but pathogenic microorganisms are only provoking factors.

In the early stages of arthritis affects the joints of the fingers and toes, after which it moves to larger parts of the musculoskeletal system. In the absence of treatment, the quality of a person's life deteriorates significantly.

Depending on the type and origin of arthritis, the causes of its occurrence can be classified as follows.

To infectious viruses, fungi and bacteria are included, at penetration of which the organism includes protective forces directed to struggle against them.

In the case of violations in the work of immunity, antibodies begin to capture and destroy cells of connective, muscular and bone tissues. This contributes to the development of a persistent inflammatory process.

Arthritis can be caused by bruises, fractures, sprains and other injuries. This disease is often found in professional athletes, which lead to increased stress on this or that joint.

Other causes of arthritis:

1. excess weight;
2. hip dysplasia;
3. defeat of the central nervous system;
4. allergic reactions;
5. acute intestinal infections, tuberculosis, chlamydia;
6. endocrine disorders (for example, a change in the hormonal background during menopause);
7. genetic predisposition.

How does arthritis develop?

The clinical picture of the disease and the methods of treatment are selected depending on the severity of the inflammatory process. Determine the stage of the disease is possible only with the help of X-ray study.

Disease 1 degree can occur in a latent form, it begins with the penetration of the causative agent of infection or injury. The patient may experience a slight stiffness in the joints. This symptom is especially bright in the morning.

It is difficult for a person to open a water tap or pick up a mug.

Arthritis of the ankle produces unpleasant sensations when wearing habitual shoes. This allows you to detect puffiness, which the patient simply does not pay attention at the usual time.

Pain in the knee or shoulder joint disappears after a short rest, so the first symptoms of pathology can be mistaken for trivial overwork.

In children, this disease is almost always detected in the early stages. Not to notice its beginning is impossible. The child begins to give up moving games and playing sports. There are frequent falls during running. The x-ray shows signs of joint inflammation.

Features of the course of arthritis 2 degrees

This stage of the disease is characterized by the appearance of affected areas on articular surfaces. The cartilage continues to deteriorate, the main signs of arthritis of the 2nd degree are pain and swelling, which is difficult to notice.

When the fingers of the hands are affected, the movements contribute to the appearance of a characteristic sound. Arthritis of the knee joint is manifested in the form of redness of the skin and increase in local temperature.

Unpleasant sensations cause the patient more and more discomfort. The pain intensifies at night, which contributes to the disturbance of sleep.

Identify arthritis of the hip joint is quite difficult, it is due to the fact that the pain irradiates to the knee, which causes lameness.

The defeat of the shoulder region is easier to diagnose. In addition to pain and swelling there are difficulties with raising hands and holding them in this position. With psoriatic arthritis 2 degrees, there are swelling in the area of ​​the fingers and feet.

This is due to the fact that in these areas the greatest amount of salts accumulates. When infectious arthritis in the joint cavity is formed exudate, which increases the size of this or that part of the musculoskeletal system.

Most of the patients turn to the doctor at this stage.

How arthritis manifests 3 degrees

This stage is characterized by the appearance of the most pronounced symptoms. On the X-ray, deformation of bones and almost complete destruction of the cartilage are detected.

It is at this stage that a patient can be assigned a disability group. When the joints of the legs are damaged, a person becomes incapable of independent movement.

Arthritis of the hands makes it impossible to perform the usual actions (like writing and holding a spoon). The defeat is two-sided. The pain is constantly unbearable.

In the absence of treatment, the disease passes to stage 4, which characterizes the appearance of irreversible changes in the cartilaginous bone and connective tissues. If the knee and ankle joint are affected, a person can not walk.

Muscular contractures are formed in the affected area. Immobility of the joint, associated with the disappearance of the joint space - a characteristic sign of arthritis 4 degrees. This condition is called ankylosis.

The pain tortures the person constantly, because of what he is compelled to accept analgesics.

Types of inflammatory processes

Defeat of the joint is called monoarthritis. However, most often the disease affects several departments of the musculoskeletal system. Arthritis can have a sharp beginning, in this case it is called acute.

Chronic forms progress gradually. There are several forms of arthritis that have their own characteristics. A purulent inflammatory process develops when bacteria enter the joint cavity.

It can be primary or secondary. In the first case, the infectious agent penetrates through the wound, in the second case - by the hematogenous way it is transferred from a distant source.

This type can include the defeat of the joints, which occurs when:

• dysentery;
• chlamydia;
• tuberculosis;
• gonorrhea.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune pathology associated with the destruction of connective tissue fibers. The disease often affects internal organs, the causes of its occurrence to date are not fully understood.

The appearance of the first signs of the disease occurs at a mature age, rheumatoid arthritis is predominantly diagnosed in women. Juvenile form of the disease is found in children under 16 years old. The disease takes on a chronic course, affecting not only the joints, but also the internal organs.

In the absence of treatment, a child may become disabled or die.

The development of gouty arthritis contributes to the deposition of urates near the joints. Uric acid salts are not excreted from the body, but crystallize and affect soft tissues, which contributes to the development of an acute inflammatory process.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative process characterized by progressive destruction of cartilage. In the early stages of pain, late joint deformity is observed.

Disease is dangerous because the destroyed tissues become incapable of regeneration.

Post-traumatic arthritis for a long time proceeds in a latent form. The pain and swelling arising from the bruise disappear with time, and the patient believes that he has fully recovered.

A few years later in the joint area there are pains, the process of destruction of bone tissue starts.

The only way to prevent post-traumatic arthritis is to properly treat bruises and fractures.

Who risks arthritis?

Depending on the type of arthritis, groups of people with a predisposition to it are distinguished. Osteoarthritis is most often found in:

1. athletes;
2. surgeons;
3. teachers;
4. hairdressers.

The players are diagnosed with the defeat of TBS, the boxers have fingers. The risk group can include people who have excess weight and bad habits.

Gouty arthritis is a disease characteristic of older men and people suffering from hypertension and obesity.

Infectious forms of the disease are often found in HIV-infected people, which is associated with the emergence of severe immunodeficiency. Signs of arthritis can appear in people who suffer from autoimmune and oncological diseases.

How and what is arthritis treated for?

The therapeutic scheme is selected depending on the form and stage of the pathological process. With infectious arthritis, systemic antibiotic therapy is performed. Preparations are selected taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen.

These can be penicillin antibiotics, macrolides, cephalosporins. In some cases, the affected area is immobilized. If the inflammatory process occurs after the operation to replace the joint, the prosthesis should be removed.

With purulent arthritis, the joint cavity is opened and cleaned of exudate.

NSAIDs are used to relieve pain in any type of disease. With the defeat of the fingers and toes, socks and mittens made of canine wool are good.

The chondroprotectors help to influence the cause of the pain. They prevent the destruction of cartilage, stimulate its recovery.

Operations are carried out in the event that the joint tissues are completely destroyed.

In addition, physiotherapy, massage and therapeutic gymnastics are prescribed. Correctly selected exercises contribute to the disappearance of pain, restore joint mobility, increase the endurance of the body, strengthen the muscular framework.

An important part of the treatment is a special diet. The diet should include:

• fresh vegetables;
• fruit;
• dairy products;
• cereals;
• low-fat varieties of meat and fish.

To refuse it is necessary from the use:

1. fatty foods;
2. fried food;
3. beans;
4. by-products;
5. alcohol.

It is recommended to limit the amount of salt and sugar. In addition, you need to take vitamin supplements. Avoiding the exacerbation of arthritis helps to fight overweight.

Treatment is ineffective if the joints are exposed to high loads. Folk remedies are used as auxiliary therapeutic methods.

Completely get rid of rheumatoid arthritis is impossible, you can only slow its development.

A source: https://OrtoCure.ru/kosti-i-sustavy/artrit/chto-eto-takoe-prichiny-foto.html