Hypertensive crises are a very common ailment. Almost a third of people suffering from hypertension are at times confronted with crises.
The main danger of these phenomena is the risk of the formation and development of such dangerous and serious diseases as: stroke, heart attack, aortic dissection, etc. That is why it is extremely important to quickly stop the crisis and, if possible, prevent its occurrence in the future.
- Causes of development of
- Characteristic symptoms of
- General recommendations of
- How to treat folk remedies?
- What is not recommended for a risk of hypertensive crisis?
- Preventive measures
Causes of development of
Among the causes of the formation of hypertensive crisis, the following stand out:
- Strong psychoemotional stress( anxiety, stress, anxiety).
- Sudden change in weather conditions.
- Drinking a lot of alcoholic beverages.
- Drinking too much salt.
- Sharp abolition of antihypertensive drugs. For example, beta-blockers, clonidine, etc.
- Excessive physical activity.
- ARVI, influenza.
Also trigger the hypertensive crisis can such moments as:
-
Independent( without the appointment of a doctor) change the dose of the medication. - Taking NSAID drugs( non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) without first consulting a doctor.
- Sharp fluctuations in the hormonal level( during menstruation or menopause).
- Taking psychoactive drugs. For example, antidepressants, narcotic substances, glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, etc.
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Symptoms of
There are 2 main types of hypertensive crisis. They differ not only in the symptoms, but also in the causes that caused them.
Hypertonic crisis of the first type is characterized by the emotional-psychic nature of the onset. It is also called vegetative. It happens either in healthy people who have undergone prolonged stress, or in patients with 1 or 2 stages of hypertension. Usually a crisis of this type does not threaten life and is considered quite safe.
Its symptoms are as follows:
- The duration of the crisis is from a few minutes to three hours.
- A very sharp increase in the upper( systolic) pressure and a slight increase in the lower( diastolic) pressure. All this - against a background of initially good health.
- Feeling of lack of air.
- High degree of excitement, restlessness. Irritability, nervousness.
- Arisen heart pain, increased heart rate, periodic cardiac fading.
- Severe headache of a pulsating nature.
- Increased sweating, frequent hot flashes.
- Significant cooling of limbs.
- Possible appearance of a shroud before the eyes.
- Redness or pallor of the skin. The appearance of red spots in the neck, cheeks, and chest.
- By the end of the crisis can be observed the moisture of the skin, profuse urination.
The second type of hypertensive crisis is considered quite dangerous. It is called cardinal, generalized or cerebral. In especially severe cases, there may be a violation of circulation in several areas of the body( for example, in the brain, heart, kidneys, etc.).
Quite often there is the development of all sorts of severe disorders of the circulatory system. It is also likely damage to the myocardium, possible pulmonary edema and even stroke. Therefore, it is extremely important to immediately determine the development of the crisis of the second type and as quickly as possible to stop it.
The signs of hypertensive crisis of the second type are as follows:
- A long increase in symptoms( within a few hours), as well as a long duration of the crisis itself( up to several days).
- Gradual increase in blood pressure.
- Shortness of breath, obvious pain behind the sternum.
- Gradually increasing pain in the occipital region, dizziness. Possible ringing in the ears, a sensation of a heavy head.
- Nausea, sometimes vomiting.
- Appearance of problems with eyesight. The appearance of "flies" in front of the eyes, blurring or bifurcation of objects.
- Numbness of the hands.
- Appearance of problems with speech.
- Shakiness, weakness of gait.
- Increased irritability, anxiety.
General recommendations and first aid
As soon as the symptoms of the crisis began to manifest, immediately should call an ambulance .The patient should interrupt any physical actions, lie on the bed in such a way that the head is raised. It is necessary to measure blood pressure every 10-15 minutes, fixing the readings. It is also important to open the windows so that there is fresh air.
The legs of the patient should be placed in a warm place. For example, they can be tightly wrapped with a blanket or put in a bath with hot water.
With hypertensive crisis, the following drugs will be effective: captopril, clonidine, nifedipine.
If there are pains behind the sternum, a nitroglycerin pill can be placed under the tongue of the patient. In the presence of severe fear or anxiety, it is necessary to take sedative medications( Leonurus, Corvalolum, Validol, Valocordinum).
How to treat folk remedies?
- In hypertensive crisis, foot baths with the addition of mustard can significantly alleviate the condition of the patient. Also a good effect will be from the mustard plaster applied in the heart or caviar area.
- To reduce the pressure, you can use special lotions with apple cider vinegar .They need to be attached to the feet( closer to the heels) for 7-10 minutes.
- If the hypertensive crisis has a psychoemotional nature, calming herbs ( valerian and motherwort) will help with it.1 tablespoon of a mixture of these herbs should be filled with hot water and insist for 40-50 minutes. The resulting drug should be taken at 25-40 ml three times a day.
- A good effect in the treatment of the crisis is the adoption of the following herbal infusion .1 part of grass marshweed swamp must be connected with one part of the motherwort, one part of the hawthorn flowers, and also 0.5 part of the white mistletoe. All this should be carefully mixed. Two tablespoons of the resulting mixture should be placed in a thermos, pour boiling water. The drug should be infused for 4 hours. When the infusion is ready, it must be filtered. Drink the medicine follows for half an hour before meals 50 ml to 6 times a day.
- Also treat the hypertensive crisis can honey .It is necessary to mix 1 glass of carrot juice, beets, add to them in the same amount of liquid honey and juice of one lemon. Mix thoroughly. Take a medicine for 1 tablespoon 1 hour before meals 3 times a day.
- Juice of garlic , in equal proportions mixed with honey, you need to take 2 times a day for 1 tablespoon.
- A good effect is the reception of decoction from grass astragal .It is prepared as follows.2 tablespoons of dry raw material should be filled with 300 ml of boiling water. All this should brew for an hour. Take the broth should be 2-3 tablespoons three times a day. Duration of treatment is 3 weeks.
- To reduce high pressure, can be decocted by yarrow .20-30 grams of dry raw materials you need to pour 400 ml of boiling water. The mixture should be cooked on low heat for 10-15 minutes. Then you need to wait until the broth cools. The medicine should be taken three times a day for 30 ml.
What is not recommended for a risk of hypertensive crisis?
With the existing hypertensive crisis , you can not dramatically decrease the pressure of , this should happen gradually. The optimal time for normalization of blood pressure is 2-6 hours.
It is not necessary to provoke the emergence of hypertensive crisis by various stressful and conflict situations. If possible, excitement should be avoided by .It is also not advisable to ignore the observance of diet, rest.
In no case should interrupt a cardiologist-prescribed treatment without first consulting a physician. At night, do not eat too much. It is also advisable not to drink carbonated drinks, as they cause increased gas production.
If there are irregular heartbeats, it is best to give up coffee and strong tea.
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Preventative measures
Special attention should be paid to the prevention of crisis in those people who have arterial hypertension or other problems with pressure and cardiovascular system. Any hypertensive crisis is better prevented, than later to treat its consequences. Therefore, it is important to observe the following rules:
- It is necessary to adhere to the work and rest regime, to monitor their nutrition.
- Constantly take prescription drugs that regulate pressure.
- The consumption of table salt should be minimized.
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- Regular massage of the collar zone is recommended.
- A good healing effect is provided by physiotherapy exercises.
- Regularly sanatorium treatment also has a beneficial effect on all systems and organs of the body.
- It is recommended to take sedative and sedative medications with courses.
- It is necessary to completely eliminate the intake of alcohol, as well as smoking.
A hypertensive crisis can occur so suddenly and quickly that there will be no way to prepare. Therefore, it is important to know its main features, in case of need to properly react and prevent development.
In times of calm, it is important to lead a healthy lifestyle, take all the medicines prescribed by the doctor, and also worry less and relax more.
Also watch a video on how to provide emergency care for a patient with hypertensive crisis:
