What is the temperature with pneumonia in children

What is the temperature of pneumonia in children?

Most parents mistakenly believe that the temperature at pneumonia in children is an obligatory phenomenon, acting as the main sign of a disease, on which one should be guided. And this is their greatest misconception, leading to a false path of healing.

Pneumonia is a fairly unpredictable disease, in which a fairly diverse a clinical picture, about the subtleties of which for certain the parent does not suspect without a special medical disease.

How is pneumonia manifested?

There is an opinion that pneumonia is a disease that is not transmitted from person to person, but is provoked only by the pathogen.

Part of this judgment can be accepted if it is a case of a disease occurring in an adult.

In the case of pneumonia diagnosed in a newborn, the reasons for this phenomenon can be a huge number.

It can be an infection transmitted from the mother or received by a fragile organism in the first days of life.

The range of potential dangers for such a baby is much wider than for an older child. In this case, it is strictly forbidden to treat the child on its own to the parents: the likelihood of complications is too high.

Recognize pneumonia in a child of older age, parents can independently on the basis of a number of signs, such as:

1. Wet cough. Usually, this symptom is observed in children with ARVI. The apparent improvement and decrease in cough usually comes in 3-5 days, and the baby starts to recover. If this does not happen, it is worthwhile to think whether the common ORVI has outgrown pneumonia.
2. Temperature increase. For a child, a very high temperature is quite an atypical phenomenon, which occurs in just a few days. If the temperature does not exceed 38 ° C for more than 3 days, it is recommended to immediately seek help from a medical institution. In some cases, pneumonia occurs without temperature, but this phenomenon is, rather, an exception than the rule.
3. Increasing breathing. More than 40 sighs per minute - an abnormal indicator for children aged 1 to 6 years.
4. Deterioration of general condition. With pneumonia, a child may feel a general malaise, weakness and dizziness. Sometimes even a complete refusal of food occurs and almost complete rejection of food.
5. Changing the color of the limbs. In neglected cases, the child begins to become limber, especially in a fit of coughing. To bring the state of the child to this stage, of course, is not necessary, because it is fraught with serious complications.

Do not notice the deterioration of the child's good parent certainly can not. However, self-medication is not worth it. It will be more correct to show the baby to a pediatrician who will choose an effective treatment.

How long does the temperature last?

The course of the disease, its clinical picture and the speed of recovery directly depend on the individual characteristics of the organism of each child.

At the initial stage of the development of the disease, the temperature in a child can rise slightly and exclusively in the evening. By morning, it usually returns to its normal mark, without any effect on the overall health. If the child has strong immunity, this situation can be observed for up to two weeks. However, the accompanying symptoms will not make themselves felt. It is possible and the situation when the baby's temperature will hold at an extremely high level, not succumbing to a decrease with the help of traditional medicines. In this case it is desirable to call an ambulance, whose doctors will certainly help to cope with the problem and necessarily offer hospitalization, because the most successful pneumonia can be treated in the hospital, under supervision specialists.

In addition, pneumonia can develop gradually, with no visible signs. Everything begins with a mild ailment, which increases with each new day. In parallel with this, there is a rise in temperature, due to which it is slightly easier to diagnose pneumonia.

A frequent phenomenon characteristic of this type of disease may be headaches that are of a periodic nature.

.

Pneumonia is a disease that affects not only the respiratory system of the body. There is a general weakening of immunity and a disruption in the rhythm of the functioning of other systems. An untreated or incorrectly cured pneumonia can give complications to any of the organs of a fragile child's organism, leading to quite unpleasant consequences. And in order for this to happen, the child's health should be constantly monitored!

respiratoria.ru

The first signs of pneumonia in children and adults

Pneumonia is a disease that has an infectious origin and is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue in the event of provoking physical or chemical factors such as:

• Complications after viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella)
• Effects on the respiratory system of various chemical agents - poisonous fumes and gases (see. chlorine in household chemicals is hazardous to health)
• Radioactive radiation, to which infection is attached
• Allergic processes in the lungs - allergic cough, COPD, bronchial asthma
• Thermal factors - hypothermia or burns of the respiratory tract
• Inhalation of liquids, food or foreign bodies can cause aspiration pneumonia.

The cause of the development of pneumonia is the emergence of favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. The original causative agent of pneumonia is the aspergillus mushroom, which was the culprit of the sudden and mysterious deaths of researchers of the Egyptian pyramids. Owners of domestic birds or lovers of urban pigeons can get chlamydial pneumonia.

For today, all pneumonia is divided into:

• out-of-hospital, arising under the influence of various infectious and non-infectious agents outside the walls of hospitals
• hospital, which cause hospital-acquired microbes, often very resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment.

The frequency of detection of various infectious agents in community-acquired pneumonia is presented in the table.

Causative agent	Average% detection
Streptococcus is the most frequent pathogen. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is the leader in the frequency of death from pneumonia.	3, %
Mycoplasma - affects most children, young people.	1, %
Chlamydia - chlamydial pneumonia is typical for people of young and middle age.	1, %
Legionellae - a rare pathogen, affects weakened people and is the leader after streptococcus by frequency of deaths (infection in rooms with artificial ventilation - shopping centers, airports)	, %
Hemophilus rod - causes pneumonia in patients with chronic bronchial and lung diseases, as well as in smokers.	, %
Enterobacteria are rare pathogens, affecting mainly patients with renal / hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus.	, %
Staphylococcus is a frequent pathogen of pneumonia in the elderly population, and complications in patients after the flu.	, %
Other pathogens	, %
The causative agent is not installed	3, %

When the diagnosis is confirmed, depending on the type of pathogen, the patient's age, the presence of concomitant diseases, a corresponding therapy, in severe cases, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting, with mild forms of inflammation, hospitalization of the patient is not is required.

Characteristic first signs of pneumonia, the vastness of the inflammatory process, acute development and danger of serious complications in untimely treatment - are the main reasons for the urgent circulation of the population for medical help. At present, a sufficiently high level of medical development, improved diagnostic methods, and a huge the list of antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action has considerably lowered a death rate from an inflammation of lungs (cm. antibiotics for bronchitis).

Typical first signs of pneumonia in adults

The main symptom of the development of pneumonia is a cough, usually it is first dry, obtrusive and persistent. protivokashlevye, expectorants with a dry cough), but in rare cases cough at the beginning of the disease can be rare and not strong. Then, as the inflammation develops, the cough becomes pneumatic with pneumonia, with a discharge of mucopurulent sputum (yellow-green color).

Any catarrhal virus disease should not last more than 7 days, and a sharp deterioration of the condition later 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza indicates the onset of an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory ways.

Body temperature can be very high up to 39-40C, and can remain subfebrile 3, -3, C (with atypical pneumonia). Therefore, even with a low body temperature, coughing, weakness and other signs of malaise, you should definitely consult a doctor. Caution should be a repeated temperature jump after a light gap during the course of a viral infection.

If the patient has a very high temperature, one of the signs of inflammation in the lungs is the inefficiency of antipyretic drugs.

Pain with deep breath and cough. The lung itself does not hurt, as it is devoid of pain receptors, but involvement in the pleura process gives a pronounced pain syndrome.

In addition to cold symptoms, the patient has dyspnea and pale skin.
General weakness, increased sweating, chills, decreased appetite are also characteristic for intoxication and the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

If such symptoms appear either in the midst of a cold, or a few days after the improvement, these may be the first signs of pneumonia. The patient should immediately consult a doctor to undergo a complete examination:

• To pass blood tests - general and biochemical
• To make a roentgenography of a thorax, if necessary and a computer tomography
• Sputum for culture and sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics
• Sputum for culture and microscopic determination of mycobacterium tuberculosis

The main first signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children have several characteristics. Attentive parents may suspect the development of pneumonia with the following discomforts in the child:

• Temperature

Body temperature above 38C, lasting for more than three days, not knocked down by antipyretics, there may also be a high temperature of up to 3, especially in young children. At the same time, all signs of intoxication are manifested - weakness, increased sweating, lack of appetite. Small children (as well as elderly people), can not give high temperature fluctuations with pneumonia. This is due to imperfect thermoregulation and immaturity of the immune system.

• Breath

There is frequent shortness of breath: in children up to 2 months of age, 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year, 50 breaths, after a year, 40 breaths per minute. Often the child spontaneously tries to lie down on one side. Parents may notice another sign of pneumonia in the child, if you undress the baby, then when breathing from the patient lung can be noticed the retraction of the skin in between the ribs and the lag in the process of breathing one side of the chest. There may be irregular breathing rhythm, with periodic stops of breathing, changes in the depth and frequency of breathing. In infants, shortness of breath is characterized by the fact that the child begins to nod his head in time with the breath, the baby can stretch his lips and inflate his cheeks, foamy discharge from the nose and mouth can appear.

• Atypical pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia differ in that first the disease passes like a cold, there is a dry cough, runny nose, swelling in the throat, but the presence of dyspnea and a stably high temperature should alert parents to the development pneumonia.

• Character of cough

Because of the perspiration in the throat, only coughing can appear first, then the cough becomes dry and painful, which is amplified by crying, feeding the baby. Later, the cough becomes wet.

• Behavior of the child

Children with pneumonia become capricious, whiny, sluggish, they are disturbed by sleep, sometimes can completely refuse to eat, and also to appear diarrhea and vomiting, in babies - regurgitation and rejection of breasts.

• Blood test

In the general analysis of blood, changes are detected that indicate an acute inflammatory process - increased ESR, leukocytosis, neutrophilia. Shift of the leukoformula to the left with increasing stab and segmented leukocytes. In viral pneumonia, along with high ESR, there is an increase in leukocytes due to lymphocytes.

With timely access to a doctor, adequate therapy and proper care for a sick child or adult, pneumonia does not lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, the patient should be given medical care as soon as possible.

zdravotvet.ru

What is the temperature observed with pneumonia?

Many people are interested in inflammation of the lungs, what temperature they can have and whether the course of the disease without temperature. To answer these questions, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of the development of pneumonia and its forms.

Under pneumonia, modern medicine understands an acute infectious disease that is characterized by an inflammatory process in the lungs. Its cause is most often caused by bacteria (pneumococcus, staphylococcus, Klebsiella), less often viruses (influenza, rhinovirus), fungal microorganisms (candida, aspergillus).

The prevalence of inflammation can be divided into the following types of pneumonia:

1. Focal (or bronchopneumonia): inflammation is observed in the form of one or more foci, covering the smallest fragments of the lung (lobules, their groups).
2. Segmental: the disease covers a larger area of ​​the lung tissue (segment).
3. Share (or croupier): the infectious process extends to the proportion of the lung, consisting of several segments, or several parts.
4. Drain: a number of individual foci of inflammation, merging, affect a large area of ​​lung tissue.
5. Total: the inflammatory process covers all the lungs.

In addition, the disease can be one-sided (the inflammation covers one lung) or bilateral (both lungs are affected). All these features determine the temperature of pneumonia.

High temperature (39 - 40 ° C)

The temperature at 39-40 ° C is observed in severe pneumonia, when the inflammatory process covers a large area of ​​the lung. Fever is characteristic of croupous, draining, total pneumonia, and is also characteristic of bilateral inflammation of the lungs.

So, the croupous form, the causative agent of which is pneumococcus, begins sharply, with a sudden strong chill, lasting from several minutes to 2 - 3 hours. The temperature rises rapidly to a temperature of 39-40 ° C and has a permanent character, remaining for 7-10 days.

Daily fluctuations in body temperature do not exceed - 1 ° C. With timely and adequate antibacterial treatment, the fever can be reduced to 3 to 4 days.

Under the influence of temperature intoxication, the patient feels weak, broken. When pleural tissue is involved in the inflammatory process, there is a disturbing pain from the affected lung, breathing becomes more difficult and more frequent. A man complains of a dry, sore cough, which after a few days becomes wet and is accompanied by the separation of sputum with blood veins.

If during the day the temperature with pneumonia fluctuates by 1 - 2 ° C and is accompanied by chills at each increase, it is possible to suspect septic and purulent-destructive complications of pneumonia: sepsis, lung abscess, pleural empyema and other

Febrile temperature (38 - 39 ° C)

This temperature is most often accompanied by focal and segmental pneumonia. The focal form sometimes arises as an independent disease, but in most cases it is a complication of previously transferred bronchitis, tracheitis, acute respiratory infections. Reduced immunity leads to the fact that the inflammatory process of bronchial tissue passes to the pulmonary, capturing one or more lobules.

At an early stage of the disease symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection are observed, the temperature can be either normal or subfebrile. However, on the 5th-7th day of the disease, the temperature begins to rise and is maintained at 38-39 ° C against the background of treatment. Cough increases, breathing becomes rapid. The patient feels the effects of temperature intoxication: fatigue, weakness, headache. These symptoms indicate the association of pneumonia as a complication of the disease. Therefore, if the fever in ARVI keeps and does not fall more than 5-7 days, it is necessary to seek medical help.

Subfebrile temperature (37 - 38 ° C)

Subfebrile temperature in pneumonia is observed in focal form, as well as with reduced immunity, in elderly, weakened people. Daily temperature fluctuations can be observed: from normal to increased. Patients complain of general weakness, sweating, chest pain, cough, lack of appetite.

Normal temperature

Cases of latent pneumonia are not uncommon, when the inflammatory process proceeds without temperature.This form of the disease is extremely dangerous, since the lack of adequate treatment can lead to the occurrence of chronic pneumonia or even to death.

Asymptomatic pneumonia occurs against a weakened immune system when the body does not have the strength to fight infection. There may be no other typical manifestations of the disease: cough, pain syndrome. Such a course of the disease is often found in very young children whose immune system is still very weak, as well as in elderly and weakened people. To suspect an inflammation of the lungs in this case it is possible for the following symptoms:

• lethargy;
• drowsiness;
• general malaise;
• sweating;
• lack of appetite.

If these symptoms are expressed for a week or more, do not delay the visit to the doctor. Ignoring the symptoms of the disease or self-medication can be very dangerous.

Diagnosis of the disease by temperature

We found out which temperature is most common in pneumonia.

Often, pneumonia occurs with fever, but there are cases of asymptomatic disease. Correctly to put the diagnosis in this case the doctor, having studied analyzes of a blood and results of rentgenologic research can only.

.

With adequately prescribed therapy, the temperature drops for 3 to 5 days of the disease. If the fever does not pass, despite the treatment, this may be the reason for changing the drug or treatment regimen.

To facilitate the temperature intoxication in the disease can be abundant drink: water, teas, fruit drinks, juices. They contribute to increased sweating and subsequent lowering of temperature.
Antipyretic drugs for pneumonia can be used only after consultation with your doctor.

respiratoria.ru

Pneumonia in a child - symptoms, treatment, causes

Inflammation of the lungs or pneumonia is one of the most common acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of a person. Moreover, the concept of pneumonia does not include various allergic and vascular lung diseases, bronchitis, and also pulmonary function disorders, caused by chemical or physical factors (injuries, chemical burns).

Especially often there are pneumonia in children, the symptoms and signs of which are reliably determined only on the basis of X-ray data and a general blood test. Pneumonia among all pulmonary pathologies in young children is almost 80%. Even with the introduction of progressive technologies in medicine - the discovery of antibiotics, improved methods of diagnosis and treatment - until now this disease is among the top ten most frequent causes of death. According to statistics in various regions of our country, the incidence of pneumonia in children is, %.

When and why can a child develop pneumonia?

Lungs in the human body perform several important functions. The main function of the lungs is the gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries, which envelop them. Simply put, oxygen from the air in the alveolus is transported to the blood, and from the blood carbon dioxide enters the alveolus. They also regulate body temperature, regulate blood coagulability, are one of the filters in the body, contribute to the purification, removal of toxins, disintegration products arising from various traumas, infectious inflammatory processes.

And when food poisoning, a burn, a fracture, surgical interventions occur, in case of any serious injury or disease, there is a general decrease in immunity, it is easy to cope with the filtration load toxins. That is why very often after a child has suffered or is suffering from injuries or poisonings, pneumonia occurs.

The most common pathogens are pathogens - pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci, and recently cases of lung inflammation from such pathogens as pathogenic fungi, legionella (usually after staying at airports with artificial ventilation), mycoplasma, chlamydia, which are not often mixed, associated.

Pneumonia in a child, as an independent disease that occurs after a serious, strong, prolonged hypothermia, it is extremely rare, as parents try not to allow such situations. As a rule, in most children, pneumonia occurs not as a primary disease, but as a complication after an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza, less often other diseases. Why is this happening?

Many of us believe that acute viral respiratory diseases in the last decades have become more aggressive, dangerous their complications. Perhaps this is due to the fact that both viruses and infections have become more resistant to antibiotics and antiviral drugs, so they are so hard for children and cause complications.

One of the factors contributing to the increase in the incidence of pneumonia in children in recent years has been the overall poor health in the younger generation - how many children are born with congenital pathologies, malformations, lesions of the central nervous system. Especially severe pneumonia occurs in premature or newborn babies, when the disease develops against the background of intrauterine infection with insufficiently formed, not mature respiratory system.

In congenital pneumonia, the herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasmas are not infrequently causative agents, and with infection during labor, chlamydia, group B streptococci, opportunistic fungi, E. coli, Klebsiella, anaerobic flora, when infected with hospital infections, pneumonia begins on day 6 or 2 weeks after birth.

Naturally, pneumonia often happens in cold weather, when the organism is subjected to seasonal adjustment from heat to cold and vice versa, there are overloads for immunity, at this time there is a lack of natural vitamins in foods, temperature changes, damp, frosty, windy weather contribute to children's hypothermia and their infection.

In addition, if a child suffers from any chronic diseases - tonsillitis, adenoids in children, sinusitis, dystrophy, rickets (see. rickets in infants), cardiovascular disease, any severe chronic pathologies, such as congenital lesions central nervous system, malformations, immunodeficiency states - significantly increase the risk of developing pneumonia, weighed down its course.

The severity of the disease depends on:

• Extensibility of the process (focal, focal, draining, segmental, lobar, interstitial pneumonia).
• The child's age, the younger the baby, the narrower the airways, the less intense gas exchange in the child's body and the heavier the course of pneumonia.
• Places where and for what reason there was a pneumonia:
  - community-acquired: most often have an easier flow
  - hospital: more severe, because it is possible to infect bacteria resistant to antibiotics
  - Aspiration: when inhaled foreign objects, mixture or milk.
• The most important role in this is played by the general health of the child, that is, his immunity.

Improper treatment of influenza and ARVI can lead to pneumonia in the child

When a child falls ill with an ordinary cold, SARS, influenza - the inflammatory process is localized only in the nasopharynx, trachea and larynx. With a weak immune response, and also if the causative agent is very active and aggressive, and the treatment in the child is carried out incorrectly, the process of reproduction of bacteria descends from the upper respiratory tract to the bronchi, then bronchitis. Further, the inflammation can affect the lung tissue, causing pneumonia.

What happens in the body of a child in a viral disease? Most adults and children in the nasopharynx always have different opportunistic microorganisms - streptococci, staphylococci, without causing harm to health, because local immunity holds them back growth.

However, any acute respiratory disease leads to their active reproduction and with the correct action of the parents during the illness of the child, immunity does not allow their intensive growth.

What should not be done during ARVI in the child, so as not to cause complications:

• You can not use antitussives. Coughing is a natural reflex that helps the body to clear the trachea, bronchi and lungs from mucus, bacteria, toxins. If for the treatment of a child, in order to reduce the intensity of dry cough, use antitussives that affect the cough center in the brain, such as Stoptosin, Broncholitin, Libexin, Paxeladin, then sputum and bacteria may accumulate in the lower respiratory tract, which ultimately leads to inflammation lungs.
• It is not possible to conduct any preventive therapy with antibiotics for colds, with a viral infection (see. antibiotics for colds). Against the virus, antibiotics are powerless, and with opportunistic bacteria immunity should cope, and only when complications arise according to the doctor's appointment is shown their use.
• The same applies to the use of various nasal vasoconstrictors, their use contributes to a faster penetration of the virus into the lower respiratory tract; therefore, galazoline, naphthysine, sanorin should not be used in case of a viral infection safely.
• Abundant drink - one of the most effective methods of removing intoxication, dilution of sputum and rapid cleansing respiratory tract is an abundant drink, even if the child refuses to drink, parents should be very persistent. If you do not insist that the child drink enough fluids, in addition, the room will have dry air - this will help to dry the mucosa, which can lead to a longer course of the disease or complication - bronchitis or pneumonia.
• Permanent ventilation, lack of carpets and carpeting, daily wet cleaning of the room in which the child is, Humidification and air purification with the help of a humidifier and an air cleaner will help to cope faster with the virus and prevent development pneumonia. As clean, cool, moist air helps to dissolve sputum, quickly remove toxins with sweat, cough, wet breath, which allows the child to recover faster.

Acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis - differences from pneumonia

With SARS usually the following symptoms:

• High temperature in the first 2-3 days of the disease (see Fig. antipyretics for children)
• Headache, chills, intoxication, weakness
• Qatar upper respiratory tract, runny nose, cough, sneezing, sore throat (it does not always happen).

In acute bronchitis with Orvy, the following symptoms may occur:

• Minor increase in body temperature, usually up to 38C.
• First the cough is dry, then it becomes wet, there is no shortness of breath, unlike pneumonia.
• Breathing becomes hard, on different sides there are variously scattered rales that change or disappear after coughing.
• On the roentgenogram, the intensification of the pulmonary pattern is determined, the structure of the roots of the lungs decreases.
• There are no local changes in the lungs.

Bronchiolitis occurs most often in children up to a year:

• The difference between bronchiolitis and pneumonia can be determined only by X-ray examination, based on the absence of local changes in the lungs. According to the clinical picture, the acute symptoms of intoxication and the increase in respiratory insufficiency, the appearance of dyspnoea - very much resemble pneumonia.
• In bronchiolitis, the breathing in a child is weakened, shortness of breath with the help of an auxiliary musculature, nasolabial the triangle becomes a bluish hue, a common cyanosis is possible, a pronounced pulmonary-cardiac failure. When listening to a boxed sound is detected, the mass of scattered small bubbling rales.

Signs of pneumonia in the child

With a high activity of the causative agent of the infection, or with a weak immune response of the body to it, when even the most effective preventive medical measures do not stop inflammatory process and the child's condition worsens, parents can for some symptoms guess that the child needs more serious treatment and urgent examination doctor. In this case, in no case should not begin treatment by any popular method. If it really is pneumonia, it will not only not help, but the condition may worsen and time for adequate examination and treatment will be missed.

Symptoms of pneumonia in a child 2 - 3 years and older

How to identify attentive parents with a cold or viral illness that it is necessary to urgently call a doctor and suspect a pneumonia in the child? Symptoms that require an X-ray diagnosis:

• After Orvi, influenza within 3-5 days there is no improvement or after a slight improvement again there is a temperature jump and increased intoxication, coughing.
• Lack of appetite, sluggishness of the child, sleep disturbance, capriciousness persist within a week after the onset of the illness.
• The main symptom of the disease remains a strong cough.
• The body temperature is not high, but the baby has shortness of breath. In this case, the number of breaths per minute in a child increases, the rate of breaths per minute in children aged 1-3 years 25-30 breaths, children 4-6 years - a rate of 25 breaths per minute, if the child is in a relaxed calm condition. With pneumonia, the number of breaths becomes larger than these figures.
• With the other symptoms of a viral infection - cough, temperature, cold, severe pallor of the skin is observed.
• If the temperature is high for more than 4 days and antipyretic agents such as Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Panadol, Tylenol are not effective.

Symptoms of pneumonia in infants, children under one year of age

The onset of the disease can be noticed by the mom by changing the behavior of the baby. If the child constantly wants to sleep, become sluggish, apathetic or vice versa, a lot of naughty, crying, refuses to eat, while the temperature may slightly increase - mom should urgently turn to pediatrician.

Body temperature

In the first year of life, pneumonia in a child, a symptom which is considered to be high, not knocked down temperature, is different in that at this age it is not high, does not reach 3, or even 3, -3,. The temperature is not an indication of the severity of the state.

The first symptoms of pneumonia in an infant

This causeless anxiety, lethargy, decreased appetite, the baby refuses from the breast, the sleep becomes restless, short, there is a loose stool, there may be vomiting or regurgitation, a runny nose and a paroxysmal cough that worsens during crying or feeding child.

Child's breathing

Pain in the chest with breathing and coughing.
Sputum - with a damp cough, purulent or mucopurulent sputum (yellow or green) is secreted.
Shortness of breath or an increase in the number of respiratory movements in young children is a clear sign of pneumonia in a child. Dyspnoea in babies can be accompanied by nodding to the breath, as well as the baby blows his cheeks and extends his lips, sometimes there are foamy discharge from the mouth and nose. The symptom of pneumonia is considered to be the excess of the number of breaths per minute:

• In children up to 2 months - the norm is up to 50 breaths per minute, more than 60 is considered a high frequency.
• In children, after 2 months to a year, the norm is 25-40 breaths, if 50 or more, this is an excess of the norm.
• In children older than one year, the number of breaths more than 40 is considered a shortness of breath.

The skin relief during breathing changes. Attentive parents can also notice the retraction of the skin during breathing, more often on one side of the patient's lung. To notice this, it is necessary to undress the baby and observe the skin between the ribs, it retracts when breathing.

With extensive lesions, there may be a lag of one side of the lung with deep breathing. Sometimes you can notice periodic stopping of breathing, disturbance of rhythm, depth, breathing frequency and the child's desire to lie on one side.

Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle

This is the most important symptom of pneumonia, when the blue skin appears between the lips and the spout of the baby. Especially this sign is pronounced when the child sucks the breast. With severe respiratory failure, a slight blueing can be not only on the face, but also on the body.

Chlamydia, mycoplasmal pneumonia in children

Among the pneumonias, the causative agents of which are not banal bacteria, but various atypical representatives secrete mycoplasmal and chlamydial pneumonia. In children, the symptoms of such pneumonia are slightly different from the course of the usual pneumonia. Sometimes they are characterized by a hidden sluggish current. Symptoms of SARS in a child can be as follows:

• The onset of the disease is characterized by a sharp rise in body temperature to 3, C, then a stable subfebrile temperature of -3, -3 is formed, or even a temperature normalization occurs.
• It is also possible the onset of the disease with the usual signs of ARVI - sneezing, choking in the throat, a bad cold.
• Persistent dry debilitating cough, shortness of breath may not be permanent. Such a cough usually occurs with acute bronchitis, and not pneumonia, which complicates the diagnosis.
• When listening to a doctor, scanty data are usually presented: rare variegated rattles, pulmonary percussion sound. Therefore, according to the nature of wheezing, it is difficult for a doctor to determine atypical pneumonia, since there are no traditional signs, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.
• In the analysis of blood in atypical pneumonia there may be no significant changes. But usually there is increased ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, a combination with anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia.
• On the x-ray of the chest reveals a pronounced enhancement of the pulmonary pattern, non-uniform focal infiltration of the pulmonary fields.
• Both chlamydia and mycoplasma have a feature that exists for a long time in the epithelial cells of the bronchi and lungs, therefore, pneumonia usually has a prolonged recurrent character.
• Treatment of atypical pneumonia in the child is carried out by macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin), because the pathogens to them are most sensitive (to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, too, but they are children contraindicated).

Indications for hospitalization

The decision on where to treat a child with pneumonia - in a hospital or at home, the doctor takes, while he takes into account several factors:

• The severity of the condition and the presence of complications - respiratory failure, pleurisy, acute disorders of consciousness, heart failure, falls AD, lung abscess, pleural empyema, infectious-toxic shock, sepsis.
• The defeat of several lobes of the lung. Treatment of focal pneumonia in the child at home is entirely possible, but with croupous pneumonia treatment is best done in a hospital.
• Social indications are poor living conditions, inability to perform care and doctor's prescriptions.
• Age of the child - if the infant is sick, this is the reason for hospitalization, because the pneumonia of the baby is a serious threat to life. If pneumonia develops in a child under 3 years of age, treatment depends on the severity of the condition and most often doctors insist on hospitalization. Older children can be treated at home provided that the pneumonia is not severe.
• General health - in the presence of chronic diseases, weakened overall health of the child, regardless of age, the doctor may insist on hospitalization.

Treatment of pneumonia in children

How to treat pneumonia in children? The basis of therapy for pneumonia is antibiotics. At a time when there were no antibiotics in the arsenal of doctors with bronchitis and pneumonia, a very frequent cause of death of adults and children there was pneumonia, therefore, in no case should one refuse to use them, no folk remedies for pneumonia are effective. From the parents it is required to strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations, the proper care of the child, the observance of the drinking regime, nutrition:

• Reception of antibiotics must be carried out strictly in time, if the appointment of the drug 2 times per day, this means that there should be a break of 12 hours between meals, if 3 times a day, then a break of 8 hours (cm. 11 rules how to take antibiotics correctly). Antibiotics are prescribed - penicillins, cephalosporins for 7 days, macrolides (azithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin) - 5 days. The effectiveness of the drug is estimated within 72 hours - an improvement in appetite, a decrease in temperature, dyspnea.
• Antipyretics are used if the temperature is above 39C, in infants above 38C. Initially, antibiotic treatment of antipyretics is not prescribed, as the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy is difficult. It should be remembered that during a high temperature in the body, the maximum amount antibodies against the causative agent of the disease, so if the child can tolerate the temperature of 38C, it is better not to knock down. So the body quickly cope with the microbe that caused pneumonia in the baby. If the child had at least one episode of febrile seizures, the temperature should be knocked down already at 3, C.
• Nutrition of the child with pneumonia - lack of appetite in children during illness is considered natural and the child's refusal from food intake due to increased strain on the liver when fighting infection, so you can not force a child to feed. If possible, prepare light food for the patient, exclude any ready-made chemicals, fried and fatty, try to feed child simple, easily assimilated food - cereals, soups on a weak broth, steam cutlets from low-fat meat, boiled potatoes, various vegetables, fruit.
• Oral hydration - in water, natural freshly diluted juices - carrot, apple, weakly boiled tea with raspberries, rose hips infusion, water-electrolyte solutions (Regidron and etc).
• Airing, daily wet cleaning, use of air humidifiers - ease the condition of the baby, and the love and care of parents works wonders.
• No restorative (synthetic vitamins), antihistamines, immunomodulating agents are not used, as often lead to side effects and do not improve the course and outcome of pneumonia.

Reception of antibiotics for pneumonia in a child (uncomplicated) usually does not exceed 7 days (macrolides 5 days), and if bed rest is observed, perform all the doctor's recommendations, in the absence of complications, the child quickly recovers, but for a month there will still be residual effects in the form of a cough, slight weakness. With atypical pneumonia, treatment can be delayed.

In the treatment of antibiotics in the body, the intestinal microflora is broken, so the doctor prescribes probiotics - RioFlora Immuno, Acipol, Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin, Normobakt, Lactobacterin. Analogues of Linex - a list of all probiotics). To remove toxins after the end of therapy, the doctor can prescribe sorbents, such as Polysorb, Enterosgel, Filtrum.

With the effectiveness of treatment for general regimen and walks, it is possible to transfer the child from the 6th to the 10th day of the disease, the hardening to resume after 2-3 weeks. With a mild pneumonia, large physical exertion (sport) is allowed after 6 weeks, with complicated after 12 weeks.

zdravotvet.ru

Do antibiotics prescribe for pneumonia in children?

Pneumonia (pneumonia) is a dangerous disease that does not spare an adult or a child. Antibiotics for pneumonia in children belong to the category of effective drugs that help cope with the most neglected of its forms. Thanks to the use of antibiotics, the effectiveness of treatment is always at a high level.

In a number of countries, pneumococci, which are the causative agents of pneumonia, have become resistant to this type of medication, which can not be say about the Russian regions and countries of the former post-Soviet space in which most strains retained sensitivity to him.

Symptoms of pneumonia

In children of different age categories, this disease appears and develops in its own way. In children under six years of pneumonia causes a hemophilic rod. Schoolchildren have mycoplasma and chlamydia pneumonia. But most often these are bacteria that constantly inhabit the nasopharynx - pneumococci.

In order to assign an effective treatment for pneumonia to a child, the pediatrician conducts clinical tests and an X-ray examination that allows the appointment of an effective medical product. Despite the fear of parents to make a baby X-ray, in the treatment of pneumonia this is today the only accurate diagnosis.

The main symptoms of the disease in young children are:

• The presence of body temperature above 380C, which lasts more than three days;
• hard breath;
• Dyspnea with a respiration rate per minute more than 40 times;
• blue lips, skin;
• complete refusal to eat;
• a state of persistent drowsiness.

When observing these symptoms in their babies, parents should immediately contact the pediatrician. In no case should self-medication be performed. Some types of lung disease, including pneumonia, begin with a demonstration of symptoms similar to the usual colds: runny nose, sneezing, dry cough. Recognize this pneumonia can only be in the presence of dyspnea and fever.

In children, this disease is also characterized by the fact that their skin is drawn into the intercostal spaces from the side of the sick lung. You can see this sign only by undressing the child and carefully observing how the relief of his skin changes in intercostal spaces during breathing. It should also be counted how many breaths per minute it makes.

Treatment with antibiotics

The danger of pneumonia in children is that the immature baby organism is very sensitive to all sorts of side effects after the illness. The disease sharply disturbs the heart activity, the work of many other organs. Particularly dangerous complication, which causes inflammation of the pleura - pleurisy, leading to the formation of a light purulent cavity.

Many parents can not immediately recognize pneumonia, go to a doctor late or think that a cough or high fever is a sign of a cold. Heavy forms of pneumonia are treated in hospital settings, but more often with the disease cope and at home. In order to determine the severity of the disease, the doctor can refer the child to the hospital for a more complete examination and accurate diagnosis.

For children, home treatment has a number of advantages: a familiar setting, around familiar people, and there is no likelihood of a second infection due to being in an environment where it is full of pathogens resistant to antibacterial agents that treat inflammation lungs. At home, children are provided with a comfortable and quiet environment, high-calorie, easily assimilated, rich in vitamins.

The main factor in the effective treatment of pneumonia is considered to be antibacterial treatment. With simple stages of pneumonia, antibiotics of the penicillin group (phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin) or macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) are prescribed.In more complex cases of the disease, doctors prescribe an antibiotic in injections.In the treatment of antibiotics, third-generation drugs can be used: Cefix, Cedex, Cefodox, Augmentin and others, but only in accordance with the recommendations of physicians.

When prescribing antibiotics, the weight of the child, the age and the causative agent of the disease are taken into account. If the improvement has come and the temperature has dropped to below 380 ° C, intramuscular administration of the drugs is discontinuing and medication is continued with tablets.

There are cases when the action of an antibiotic does not give a proper result, then the doctor prescribes another drug. With antibacterial therapy, the main indicator is a decrease in body temperature, so when taking antibiotics at the same time it is not recommended to give the baby antipyretics. The first few days, while the temperature is holding, the appetite of children is lowered, during this period it is necessary to give him as much liquid as possible in the form of broths, juices, compotes or vitamin teas.

Not the least role in improving the therapeutic effect is played by the situation where the patient is. The room should be cool, clean and constantly ventilated, as the child in such conditions is easier to breathe. To bathe a child in the presence of high temperature is impossible, but water procedures in the form of wiping with warm water should be mandatory. Once the temperature is normal, the general hygiene procedures should return to normal mode. With mild forms of pneumonia, antibiotics are not required.

Treatment without antibiotics

If parents at the appearance of cold symptoms on time turned to the doctor, conducted all the necessary tests and diagnosis of the disease, doctors can attribute sparing therapy - drops in the nose and anti-catarrhal of medicine. Effective means are those that improve expectoration of sputum, including mucolytic drugs that relieve spasm of the bronchi.

A good way to normalize the breathing muscles is breathing exercises, especially for children who have undergone pleurisy. It is important to conduct warming procedures in the presence of low temperature, body massage and exercise therapy.

Infants after normalization of body temperature can visit the street, provided that the air temperature is not lower than five degrees. Older children can walk outside after three weeks from the onset of the illness, provided that the main symptoms of the disease are absent. Doctors recommend that children of school age abstain from sports activities and do not overload the body, since complete restoration of blood circulation in the affected lung occurs only after a two-month rehabilitation.

In order not to provoke a repeated course of the disease in children susceptible to inflammatory processes, doctors recommend avoiding their presence in smoky, overcrowded rooms. As is known, passive smokers absorb harmful substances from cigarette smoke more than the smoker himself.

.

Prevention of pneumonia

To date, infant mortality from this disease is a very rare phenomenon, but it is present in medical practice. There are many reasons for this: chronic diseases, late treatment of parents to a doctor, an incorrect way of life and many others. In order to reduce the child mortality rate for this disease, doctors developed a special strategy. One of its effective directions is immunization against pneumococcus, measles and whooping cough, which contribute to the development of pneumonia in children.

One of the important areas of prevention of pneumonia is considered to increase the protective properties of the child's body.

For this purpose, during the year, children are given hardening procedures. For babies is particularly important adequate nutrition, which is the source of the defenses of the body. We should not forget about folk remedies that increase the body's resistance, possess anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the need to include in the diet of the child vitamin juices, vegetables, fruits, rich in vitamins A, C, B, R.

.

Reduces the risk of the disease and the need to adhere to the rules of personal hygiene. Parents should take care of that the kid was in ecologically clean conditions of residing.

respiratoria.ru

Similar articles