Inflammation of the lungs in children

Inflammation of the child in the symptoms and treatment | How to treat pneumonia in children

One of the most dangerous diseases for babies is pneumonia or pneumonia in a child. A few decades ago it was believed that it was almost impossible to save a child under the age of one year. Modern medicines significantly improved the survival rate of children. Nevertheless, if the manifestations of pneumonia were detected in a timely manner, this has a much more favorable prognosis than the disease found at a late stage.

Symptoms of developing pneumonia in a child

As already mentioned above, not only health, but also the child's life depends on the early diagnosis. Important role in the diagnosis of inflammation of the lungs are played by parents, because they should note the deterioration of the child's well-being.

The disease is very rapidly developing and, therefore, the level of oxygen that enters the blood and disease, and often leads to death or disability, is reduced. Therefore, if you notice the first signs of the disease, immediately go to the doctor to conduct a qualitative diagnosis of the disease and begin the right treatment. Every person just needs to know how to identify the symptoms of ailment.

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The first manifestations of pneumonia in children

Determining the first symptoms of the disease is not easy. The child is not able to assess his condition and the degree of pain syndrome, unlike an adult. When collecting laboratory tests to determine the diagnosis, the child is difficult to identify the beginning of pathogenesis. It is very difficult to establish - the child felt recently a malaise, a headache, weakness, chills.

The first signs of inflammation boil down to the fact that:

1. with a cold disease after 3-5 days, the temperature begins to rise,

2. there is a cough,

3. child cranky, sluggish,

4. he has rapid, shallow breathing.

5. In the process of breathing, one half of the chest is significantly behind.

6. The child does not eat well, sleeps practically only on one side, often sweats.

All of the above symptoms should alert the parents, and urgently seek medical attention. In young children, if the treatment is not performed on time, pneumonia can end in tragedy for the family. Only a correctly diagnosed diagnosis can guarantee a quick recovery and prevent possible complications after pneumonia.

Clinical symptoms of pulmonary inflammation in children

Anxiety signs of pneumonia are:

1. Temperature increase

2. Refusal of the child from food. This is especially true of breastfeeding.

3. Capriciousness, bad sleep.

4. Coughing and wheezing when breathing.

Unfortunately, inflammation does not always have such obvious symptoms. Very often, the only sign of the disease is the increased capriciousness of the child and rapid breathing - more sixty breaths per minute for a child of up to 2 months and more than fifty, for a baby from 3 months to a year. With the development of the disease begins to manifest a lack of oxygen, which primarily affects the color of the face - nasolabial The triangle and the skin under the eyes acquire a characteristic bluish tint, and the skin of the body becomes earthy in color. In no case should one engage in self-medication and use non-concerted folk remedies, since the inflammation, the symptoms of which intensify over time, has an extremely unfavorable prognosis.

Symptoms of moderate to severe pneumonia in children

Such forms of inflammation predominate in newborns and infants);

1. often at the beginning of the disease there are symptoms of ARI: a rise in body temperature (may be small), cough, nasal congestion, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the throat, pain in the throat (if the child can independently complain of pain), conjunctivitis;

2. in a few days, the symptoms of acute respiratory infection may diminish or completely disappear, with subsequent deterioration in the child;

3. characterized by anxiety, severe symptoms of intoxication (high fever, weakness, lethargy, pallor of the skin, cyanosis nasolabial triangle, older children may complain of pain in muscles and joints, headache);

4. cough (at first dry, then - productive);

5. shortness of breath with swelling of the wings of the nose, shallow breathing.

To diagnose the disease, the clinical picture, laboratory tests and lung radiography are used. The basis of treatment is the use of antibacterial drugs. With timely treatment of pneumonia, the prognosis for the child is favorable, the symptoms quickly stop. In case of untimely started therapy, the risk of complications increases.

To dispel doubts, whether the child has pneumonia or not, take a blood test and phlegm, go through fluoroscopy. If the diagnosis is confirmed, in no case do self-medication, since there are known cases with a fatal outcome.

How to treat traditional methods of pneumonia in children?

The disease requires much more thorough treatment than a similar disease in an adult. In the success of treatment, early diagnostics plays an important role. That is why, when the first symptoms of inflammation in the baby, you need to urgently go to the doctor.

Treatment is always carried out in a hospital, under the supervision of specialists whose main task is to stop the development of infection as soon as possible. To do this, use antibiotics, the dosage of which is selected strictly individually, depending on the child's age, weight and complexity of the disease. Often children's pneumonia is complicated by edema of already narrow breathing passages, which causes difficulties in breathing. In order to prevent oxygen starvation during pneumonia, a variety of sprays are used to help reduce swelling. Children under one year, in such cases, are placed in the nasal passages oxygen tubes.

After discharge, children who have had pneumonia, undergo a long period of rehabilitation, which consists of massages, physiotherapy and physiotherapy. Some children, for the prevention of the occurrence of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia, are shown sanatorium treatment and procedures for strengthening immunity.

Medicamentous therapy for pneumonia in a child?

In the treatment of all kinds of pneumonia, antibiotics are used. At present, unfortunately, inflammation can not be cured by penicillin alone, since bacteria and viruses have become resistant to this drug. Often used in the treatment of antibiotics second and third orders - Amoxicillin, Levofloxacin, Cephalosporin, Clavulanate and Sulfamethoxazole. When pneumonia develops slowly, it is recommended to consume sulfur-containing antibiotics.

In the treatment of pneumonia caused by rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses and influenza, often antibiotics do not give the proper effect, which leads to the addition of antiviral drugs in the course of treatment.

In fungal forms of pneumonia, it is mandatory to use drugs that have an effect locally on each fungus. Also, you need to know that it is necessary to follow a diet. To cope with the disease several times faster, it is possible to supplement medicament therapy with folk remedies.

Treatment of pneumonia passes through many stages. The use of antibiotics and antiviral drugs. If the inflammation of the lungs is fungal in nature, in such cases, drugs are applied that affect each kind of fungus. Naturally, you should not refuse from the folk remedies that can strengthen the immune system, energize the body with vitamins.

With regard to the complications of the disease, it should be noted that they can occur when the diagnosis is incorrect and treated. Since each form of the virus requires a specific set of medicines for treatment. One form of complication may be damage to the nervous system or even lung cancer.

Principles of Home Treatment of Pulmonary Inflammations in Children

To cure ailment in the home, it is necessary to adhere to such rules.

Do not self-medicate, but rather seek qualified help from a doctor.
Bed rest.
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Drink plenty of fluids in the form of teas. Medicinal infusions or milk with a little addition of soda.
Drinking horseradish tincture.
An unconventional method of treating inflammation of the lungs suggests eating quail eggs a day (adults 506 eggs, children not more than three).
By the way, with pneumonia, a certain type of diet is prescribed (? 15).

Do not forget that the child's inflammatory processes can be more painful, so it is necessary to monitor all methods for preventing pneumonia in advance. After the illness, the children require special attention of the children's pulmonologist and pediatrician.

Causes of pulmonary inflammation in children and prevention of disease

The disease is caused mainly by pathogens, these microbes are in the mouth and oral cavity of a healthy child, but it's worth the child to get sick, how they become active and the inflammatory process begins. The disease mainly arises from overcooling or systematic overheating.

At the child the inflammation proceeds much more quickly and more difficultly, than at the adult person. The cause of the disease is hypothermia, insufficient care for the baby, poor living conditions, which contribute to the development of bacteria.

Features of the structure of the children's nasopharynx - short air channels, narrow nasal passages, loose bronchi and poorly developed lungs, contribute to the lightning development of the disease. Especially dangerous is the latent or outpatient form of pneumonia, which for a long time does not manifest itself in any way, or disguises itself under the usual ARI.

According to statistics, the greatest number of children's pneumonia is recorded in the cold season. That is why it is necessary to carefully monitor the fact that the child was dressed "in the weather." During epidemics it is not recommended to visit public places, theaters, circuses, and if there is a need in contact with a large number of people, you need to use a three-layer cotton-gauze dressing.

Risk factors for pneumonia in children

Pneumonia in children most often occurs against the background of influenza, parainfluenza or other acute respiratory viral infections. Therefore, the incidence of pneumonia in children increases dramatically in the cold season. Often the source of infection is a close person - a member of the family who has pneumonia. In children, the risk factors and symptoms of the disease have their own specificity compared with pneumonia in adults. This article is devoted to this article.

The risk factors for the development of the disease include unsatisfactory social and living conditions, a violation of diet and chronic diseases. Other factors may differ depending on the age of the child.

Risk factors for the development of pneumonia in newborns:

1. birth trauma;

2. intrauterine hypoxia, fetal asphyxia;

3. congenital malformations (especially of the heart, lungs, immune system);

4. pneumopathy in a child;

5. cystic fibrosis;

6. congenital and acquired immunodeficiency conditions in the child;

7. hypotoria, prematurity, morpho-functional immaturity;

8. allergic conditions;

8. hypovitaminosis, micronutrient deficiencies.

Risk factors for the development of inflammation in school-age children:

1. foci of chronic inflammation in the nasopharynx (chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, pharyngitis, laryngitis);

2. frequent recurrent bronchitis in a child;

3. acquired heart defects;

4. cystic fibrosis;

5. immunodeficiency states;

6. condition after surgery;

7. Smoking and chronic bronchitis (in adolescence).

How to prevent pneumonia in a child?

For the prevention of the disease vaccinations are applied, which is done to children from 2 months of age. Also for the treatment of folk remedies and methods such as phytopreparations, physiotherapy, laser therapy, acupuncture.

In order to reduce the likelihood of the disease, the following recommendations should be followed:

1. Carefully monitor the child's well-being. At occurrence of the slightest ailments, immediately to address to the expert.

2. To observe the hygiene of the body and mouth of the child, to regularly conduct a wet cleaning of the room in which it is located.

3. Several times a day completely refresh the air in the room. To do this, open the window for at least 10 minutes. It is worth remembering that airing is necessary at any time of the year.

4. Completely exclude the child's contact with a person who has symptoms of ARI or ARVI - cough, runny nose. During epidemics, avoid visiting places of mass gathering.

AstroMeridian.ru

The main signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children may differ from signs of infection in adults. Inflammation of the lungs, or pneumonia, impairs the quality of life of the child every 20 seconds.

Unlike adults, children who have pneumonia may not suffer from aching cough or fever and may have infection symptoms that are much more subtle to the definition.

Children are in a greater risk zone for pneumonia, since their immune system is not fully developed yet, and the protective functions of the body are weak.

In general, the signs of pneumonia in children vary according to age, but there are many factors judging by which it can be determined whether your child develops more or is just a runny nose.

How to identify pneumonia in a child in mild form?

Inflammation of the lungs, which is caused by certain bacteria, including mycoplasma and chlamydia, usually leads to more moderate signs of manifestation, not only among adults, but also among children.

The type of pneumonia known as atypical or ongoing pneumonia is common among school-age children.

Children with "walking" pneumonia may not feel sick to stay at home, but they may exhibit the following symptoms:

Dry cough.
Subfebrile fever.
Headache.
Fatigue.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is responsible for approximately 15 to 50 percent of all cases of pneumonia in adults, but its level is even higher among school-age children.

Therefore, the "walking" pneumonia, which most often develops at the end of summer and autumn, spreads from person to person.

Outbreaks of the first signs of pneumonia can brightly occur within groups that have close contact, such as schools or camps.Children who are already infected with the infection always bring it home and contribute to the common infection of the family without appropriate measures.

How is moderate pneumonia manifested in children?

Viruses cause most cases of pneumonia in preschool children up to five years of age and in infants over four months.

Symptoms of pneumonia in children are usually associated with other viruses and include the following:

Angina.
Cough.
Subfebrile fever.
Nasal congestion.
Diarrhea.
Loss of appetite.
Lack of energy or fatigue.

Signs of pneumonia in children in severe form

Bacterial pneumonia is more common among school-age children and adolescents.

This type of pneumonia often develops more sharply and has more serious symptoms than the previous forms:

Heat.
Cough that produces yellowish or green mucus.
Abundant sweating or chills.
Reddened skin.
Bluish shade at the lips or at the nail lodges.
Hysterectomy.
Labored breathing.

It is worth noting

Children with bacterial pneumonia usually look much more sick than those who have other forms of the disease.

Infants and infants may not show typical symptoms of pneumonia infection. It is also quite problematic to determine whether the children have a disease, because they can not tell their true state of health, unlike an older child.

The following signs of pneumonia in children may indicate pneumonia:

A quick look.
Lack of energy, melancholy and drowsiness.
The cry is more pronounced than usual.
He does not want to eat or eat small portions.
Irritation and anxiety.
Vomiting.

For the treatment of children who have only recently been hospitalized, antibiotics are often used, especially if the children have already had asthma or another chronic illness. The second method, which uses antibiotics - if children were not fully vaccinated against measles, chicken pox, whooping cough and seasonal flu.

The only way to know for sure is if the child has pneumonia - this is a visit to the doctor.A pediatrician or general practitioner can check for fluids in the baby's lungs using a stethoscope or an X-ray.

Paying due attention to the early symptoms of pneumonia in children, parents can avoid traveling to the emergency room.

However, pneumonia can progress very quickly among children, especially infants.

Two key signs that a child requires immediate medical attention:

Increased temperature in the nostrils with breathing.
Small children with pneumonia will breathe quickly. Doctors say that if you see that the abdominal muscles of a child work hard, it means that they have problems with breathing.

Treatment for pneumonia depends on what caused the infection and can fluctuate from outpatient treatment to surgery.

While certain antibiotics can effectively treat fungal pneumonia, medications are usually ineffective in considering viral types of pneumonia, which tend to be more moderate and pass on their own.

gajmorit.com

The first signs of pneumonia in children and adults

Pneumonia is a disease that has an infectious origin and is characterized by inflammation of the lung tissue in the event of provoking physical or chemical factors such as:

Complications after viral diseases (influenza, ARVI), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella)
Effects on the respiratory system of various chemical agents - poisonous fumes and gases (see. chlorine in household chemicals is hazardous to health)
Radioactive radiation, to which infection is attached
Allergic processes in the lungs - allergic cough, COPD, bronchial asthma
Thermal factors - hypothermia or burns of the respiratory tract
Inhalation of liquids, food or foreign bodies can cause aspiration pneumonia.

The cause of the development of pneumonia is the emergence of favorable conditions for the multiplication of various pathogenic bacteria in the lower respiratory tract. The original causative agent of pneumonia is the aspergillus mushroom, which was the culprit of the sudden and mysterious deaths of researchers of the Egyptian pyramids. Owners of domestic birds or lovers of urban pigeons can get chlamydial pneumonia.

For today, all pneumonia is divided into:

out-of-hospital, arising under the influence of various infectious and non-infectious agents outside the walls of hospitals
hospital, which cause hospital-acquired microbes, often very resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment.

The frequency of detection of various infectious agents in community-acquired pneumonia is presented in the table.

Causative agent	Average% detection
Streptococcus is the most frequent pathogen. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is the leader in the frequency of death from pneumonia.	3, %
Mycoplasma - affects most children, young people.	1, %
Chlamydia - chlamydial pneumonia is typical for people of young and middle age.	1, %
Legionella - a rare pathogen, affects weakened people and is the leader after streptococcus in frequency deaths (contamination in rooms with artificial ventilation - shopping centers, airports)	, %
Hemophilus rod - causes pneumonia in patients with chronic bronchial and lung diseases, as well as in smokers.	, %
Enterobacteria are rare pathogens, affecting mainly patients with renal / hepatic, cardiac insufficiency, diabetes mellitus.	, %
Staphylococcus is a frequent pathogen of pneumonia in the elderly population, and complications in patients after the flu.	, %
Other pathogens	, %
The causative agent is not installed	3, %

When confirming the diagnosis, depending on the type of pathogen, the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, appropriate therapy is conducted, in severe cases, treatment should be performed in a hospital setting, with mild forms of inflammation, hospitalization of the patient is not necessary.

Characteristic first signs of pneumonia, the vastness of the inflammatory process, acute development and the risk of serious complications when untimely treatment - are the main reasons for the urgent circulation of the population for medical care. Currently, a fairly high level of development of medicine, improved diagnostic methods, as well as a huge list antibacterial drugs of a wide spectrum of action have considerably lowered a death rate from an inflammation of lungs (see. antibiotics for bronchitis).

Typical first signs of pneumonia in adults

The main symptom of the development of pneumonia is a cough, usually it is first dry, obtrusive and persistent. protivokashlevye, expectorants with a dry cough), but in rare cases cough at the beginning of the disease can be rare and not strong. Then, as the inflammation develops, the cough becomes pneumatic with pneumonia, with a discharge of mucopurulent sputum (yellow-green color).

Any catarrhal virus disease should not last more than 7 days, and a sharp deterioration after 4-7 days after the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection or influenza indicates the onset of an inflammatory process in the lower respiratory tract.

Body temperature can be very high up to 39-40C, and may remain low-grade 37.1-37.5C (with atypical pneumonia). Therefore, even with a low body temperature, coughing, weakness and other signs of malaise, you should definitely consult a doctor. Caution should be a repeated temperature jump after a light gap during the course of a viral infection.

If the patient has a very high temperature, one of the signs of inflammation in the lungs is the inefficiency of antipyretic drugs.

Pain with deep breath and cough. The lung itself does not hurt, as it is devoid of pain receptors, but involvement in the pleura process gives a pronounced pain syndrome.

In addition to cold symptoms, the patient has dyspnea and pale skin.
General weakness, increased sweating, chills, decreased appetite are also characteristic for intoxication and the onset of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

If such symptoms appear either in the midst of a cold, or a few days after the improvement, these may be the first signs of pneumonia. The patient should immediately consult a doctor to undergo a complete examination:

To pass blood tests - general and biochemical
To make a roentgenography of a thorax, if necessary and a computer tomography
Sputum for culture and sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics
Sputum for culture and microscopic determination of mycobacterium tuberculosis

The main first signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children have several characteristics. Attentive parents may suspect the development of pneumonia with the following discomforts in the child:

Temperature

Body temperature above 38C, lasting for more than three days, not knocked down by antipyretic agents, may also not be a high temperature up to 37.5, especially in young children. At the same time, all signs of intoxication are manifested - weakness, increased sweating, lack of appetite. Small children (as well as elderly people), can not give high temperature fluctuations with pneumonia. This is due to imperfect thermoregulation and immaturity of the immune system.

Breath

There is frequent shortness of breath: in children up to 2 months of age, 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year, 50 breaths, after a year, 40 breaths per minute. Often the child spontaneously tries to lie down on one side. Parents can notice another sign of pneumonia in a child, if you undress a baby, then when you breathe from a sick lung you can notice the retraction of the skin in between the ribs and the lag in the process of breathing one side of the chest. There may be irregular breathing rhythm, with periodic stops of breathing, changes in the depth and frequency of breathing. In infants, shortness of breath is characterized by the fact that the child begins to nod his head in time with the breath, the baby can stretch his lips and inflate his cheeks, foamy discharge from the nose and mouth can appear.

Atypical pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs caused by mycoplasma and chlamydia differ in that first the disease passes like a cold, a dry cough appears, a runny nose, a sore throat, but the presence of dyspnea and a stably high temperature should alert parents to the development of pneumonia.

Character of cough

Because of the perspiration in the throat, only coughing can appear first, then the cough becomes dry and painful, which is amplified by crying, feeding the baby. Later, the cough becomes wet.

Behavior of the child

Children with pneumonia become whimsical, whiny, sluggish, they are disturbed by sleep, sometimes they can completely refuse to eat, and also appear diarrhea and vomiting, in infants - regurgitation and rejection of the breast.

Blood test

In the general analysis of blood, changes are detected that indicate an acute inflammatory process - increased ESR, leukocytosis, neutrophilia. Shift of the leukoformula to the left with increasing stab and segmented leukocytes. In viral pneumonia, along with high ESR, there is an increase in leukocytes due to lymphocytes.

With timely access to a doctor, adequate therapy and proper care for a sick child or adult, pneumonia does not lead to serious complications. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of pneumonia, the patient should be given medical care as soon as possible.

zdravotvet.ru

Pneumonia in children, its causes, symptoms and treatment principles

Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory infectious disease that affects the lower parts of the respiratory tract - the lungs themselves. Pneumonia in children under 6 years of age often develops as a result of a viral infection, complicated by the attachment of bacterial flora, after angina, bronchitis and other colds.

In childhood, especially in children younger than 1 year old, this disease can be severe enough and even cause respiratory failure or severe intoxication of the body, so even a suspicion of this disease, should be the reason for seeking medical help and for conducting diagnostics.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Inflammation of the lungs or pneumonia in children usually develops as a result of the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the lower respiratory tract from the upper ones. Weakened by the illness of the child's body can not cope with the causative agent of the disease and then the inflammatory process begins in the alveoli and small bronchioles. Bacteria that get into the lungs actively multiply and release toxins that cause an intoxication of the body - fever, headache, general deterioration and other similar symptoms.

Then the alveoli gradually fill with mucus, pus and other inflammatory fluids that appear as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms, Because of this, normal gas exchange in the lungs is broken, respiratory failure develops, and the following symptoms appear: severe coughing, shortness of breath, dullness of percussion sound, wheezing in the lungs and the appearance of foci of inflammation on the chest radiograph.

The patient's condition is in direct proportion to the size of the affected area - with focal lesions, severe respiratory failure is not observed, the child has a cough and a slight shortness of breath and the patient's condition is satisfactory and the disease is easily stopped by taking antibiotics. If the whole or whole of the lung is affected by inflammation, the clinical picture of the disease completely changes, the condition of the sick child can be very difficult, up to a menacing life.

In most cases, pneumonia develops as a complication after the flu, bronchitis, sore throat or cold. The causative agents of the disease in children are often bacteria, less often viruses or other microorganisms - fungi or protozoa. Since it is necessary to start treatment, as soon as a suspicion of a disease appears, it is very important to at least approximately determine the pathogen - this determines the success of the therapy in the treatment of the child.

The causes of the development of the disease in children can be different - from massive infectious infection to hypothermia, which caused a drop in immunity. Diagnosis of the disease should include the determination of the type of pathogen, but since this takes a long time, the treatment starts with the empirical application of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

1. Most often pneumonia in children develop at the age of 6 months to 6 years - the causative agents of the disease in this case in children in 50% of cases is pneumococcus, about 10% - a hemophilic rod, less often - other pathogens - staphylococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia or fungi.

2. In 7-15 years, children from pneumonia suffer much less often, pneumococcal causes about 30% of infections, less often - the causative agent is streptococcus, and more than 50% of all diseases cause atypical pathogens - mycoplasma, chlamydia.

3. Pneumonia in newborn infants and children up to 6 months of age - at this age of pneumonia suffer premature babies, children with developmental defects of the respiratory system, or those born with immunodeficiency. The causes of the development of the disease at this age are insufficiently formed respiratory organs, weakened organism and problems in the work of the immune system.

Signs of pneumonia

The first signs of the disease appear usually a few days after the onset of a viral infection or a cold. Acute pneumonia in children is broken fast enough, the deterioration of the condition can develop within a few hours and therefore even a suspicion of pneumonia should be the reason for contacting a doctor.

Acute pneumonia is manifested by the following symptoms:

A rise in body temperature is a symptom of pneumonia with a sharp increase in body temperature to 39-41 degrees and this temperature does not fall for several days, unlike acute respiratory disease and colds.
Deterioration of the general condition of the patient is a symptom of the disease pneumonia is characterized by severe weakness, fatigue, refusal to eat, there is increased sweating, pallor of the skin or cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle.
Cough - one of the most characteristic signs of the disease - cough can be dry or wet, with the separation of purulent sputum. Coughing attacks greatly deplete the patient, especially at night. Cough with pneumonia is permanent, painful, less often the cough can be paroxysmal or even with blood streaks in the sputum.
Shortness of breath and respiratory failure - increased respiration, lack of air, pale skin - all these are characteristic symptoms of pneumonia.
When breathing in the child, one can notice the retraction of the intercostal spaces or the lag of one half of the thorax from the other.

Clinical picture of the disease in children under 1 year old

In newborns and children under 1 year old, the symptoms of pneumonia may be very different from the usual ones and it is not so easy to recognize the disease. In young children, the characteristic signs of pneumonia are cough, an increase in body temperature may be absent or mild.

At this age, the changes in the state of the nervous system and the general deterioration of the child's condition come to the fore - it becomes sluggish, capricious, refuses food and constantly cries. Gradually, signs of respiratory insufficiency are getting worse - shortness of breath, cyanotic nasolabial triangle, quickening of breathing, coughing and entraining of intercostal spaces.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of the disease includes examining a sick child, collecting anamnesis, percussion and auscultation of the chest, and to confirm Diagnosis is made by X-ray examination of the lungs, sputum and mucus analysis and examination of the functions of external respiration in a child. Diagnosis of pneumonia is not particularly difficult - the characteristic clinical symptoms and X-ray examination allows you to quickly diagnose. If the diagnosis is impossible - the diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture, percussion and auscultation.

Treatment of pneumonia

To start to treat a pneumonia it is necessary at the first signs of disease. Where the treatment will be performed - in a hospital or at home, is determined by the doctor and depends on the following conditions:

age of the child - all children of the first year of life with pneumonia are subject to compulsory admission;
severity of the child's condition;
presence or absence of concomitant diseases.

Treatment of pneumonia in children includes: proper child care, proper nutrition and drinking regimen, taking antibiotics and inhalation with medications to cough.

Care for a sick child

After the diagnosis of the disease was carried out, the child should be assigned bed rest and organize proper nutrition. The diet for pneumonia should include a sufficient amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, lean meat, cereals and dairy products. Nutrition during illness should be easy and, at the same time, rich and rich in vitamins and nutrients.

In addition, it is very important to adhere to the drinking regime - this will avoid dehydration and improve the condition of the sick child. For children over 2 years old - the norm of the drunk liquid is 2, -25 liters per day, it is best to give the sick child the juices, fruit drinks, compotes, warm milk or still mineral water. Warm alkaline drink is a good way to soften and relieve cough and reduce body temperature.

Drug therapy

Antibiotics - the appointment of a course of antibiotics - the gold standard for the treatment of pneumonia. For mild and moderate forms of the disease, antibiotics are given orally, in more severe forms, as injections. Most commonly used are the following antibiotics: penicillins (ampicillin, ammox, amoxiclav), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefuroxine, cephalexin), macrolides (aziromycin, erythromycin). When carrying out antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to prescribe pro and prebiotics for the prevention of dysbacteriosis (linex, hilakforte, bifidum bacterin, lactobacterin). If after the start of antibiotics, within 24-48 hours there was no improvement, it is required to change the way of administration of drugs or to change the group of antibiotic. Depending on the severity of the disease, the course of treatment is from 5-7 to 10-14 days.
To get rid of cough and restore normal airway patency appoint inhalation and taking mucolytics and expectorants. Inhalations with antiseptic solutions or bronchodilators are prescribed in the early days of the illness, such inhalations facilitate breathing, help liquefy and facilitate the excretion of phlegm. In addition, inhalations are prescribed during the recovery period - to completely free the respiratory tract from microorganisms and faster regeneration of the mucous membrane. Cough with pneumonia can still a few weeks after recovery to torment the patient and then inhalations with medications will be the best way to get rid of it.
After the state of the sick child improves, he is given a general restorative treatment - appoint vitamins, immunostimulants, physiotherapy, therapeutic massage and respiratory gymnastics. This helps to get rid of cough and stagnant phenomena in the lungs.

Prevention of pneumonia in young children includes timely treatment of all colds and foci of infection, increasing the overall immunity of the child - reception vitamins, nutrition with enough vitamins and nutrients, hardening, physiotherapy, walking outdoors and sufficient physical activity.

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