How is astigmatism manifested?

Astigmatism (ICD code 10 - H52.2) is an ophthalmic disease in which the sphericity of the cornea is disturbed. In this case, the refractive power of the visual organ changes. If the disease progresses, objects are perceived in different ways: it seems as if some have clear contours, others - vague ones. To treat astigmatism, laser techniques and surgery are used. Conservative methods include optical correction of vision with the use of glasses, contact lenses. Conservative therapy does not allow curing astigmatism: its goal is to correct vision.

Causes

Undeformed crystalline lens and cornea have an even spherical surface. Astigmatism leads to a violation of sphericity: the lens and cornea undergo pathological changes.As a result, light rays are fixed in any point of the retina, and in several places. In the future, the eye perceives objects indistinctly.

A common cause of the disease is hereditary addiction. Astigmatism is divided into congenital and acquired. The disease can develop due to cicatricial changes in the cornea (such are the case with eye injuries).To the acquired reasons of an astigmatism carry:

• ophthalmological operations;
• diseases associated with opacity of the cornea;
• dystrophic reactions in the organs of vision.

Astigmatism can be combined with myopia, hyperopia. There are mixed types of disease (combined with signs of nearsightedness and farsightedness). A mixed type of astigmatism is characterized by the fact that one area of ​​the light beam is concentrated behind the retina, the other is in front of it. Astigmatism is divided into several species.

1. Corneal develops in case the cornea has an irregular shape. This type of disease is common.
2. Lens arises when the lens is deformed.
3. Short-sighted astigmatism is characterized by an increase in the refractive force of the eye.
4. Far-sighted occurs when the refractive force is weakened.

The congenital form often develops in people with hereditary predisposition.The disease can occur in children. There are cases when astigmatism is not classified as "Pathological states".An innate form of the disease may not require treatment. But if the ailment exceeds 1Д, it is necessary to carry out therapy, including correction of vision.

Symptoms

The disease often overtakes children of school age. A child with astigmatism confuses figures, letters with similar outlines. Items may appear blurry.

1. A characteristic sign of the ailment is pain over the eyebrows.
2. Against the background of astigmatism, there is a headache.
3. The peculiarity of the disease is asthenopia, in which the organs of vision quickly become tired.
4. Symptoms include the sensation of a foreign body in the eyes.

Children with astigmatism are forced to change glasses. If the disease is at an early stage, there is a weak defocusing of vision. The contours of objects are perceived as distorted. Some people double in the eyes, the eyeball blushes. If the organs of vision are under a great load, a burning sensation appears. If you find at least one of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor! The specialist will appoint a comprehensive diagnosis, according to which the treatment will be selected.

Possible complications

This is a strabismus. Untimely treatment leads to a significant distortion of vision. With a complicated form of the disease, pain syndromes are more pronounced.

Diagnostics

To identify astigmatism, you need to resort to different procedures.

1. A vision test is necessary.The survey reveals the degree of refraction.
2. Biomicroscopy of the eye is performed.
3. The eye fundus, the vitreous humor is explored.
4. Ophthalmometry is carried out.
5. An integral part of the diagnosis is computer keratotopography.
6. Ultrasound of the eye and measurement of intraocular pressure are also necessary.

Early diagnosis improves the prognosis of the disease. If you start treatment in time, you can achieve good results and adjust your vision as much as possible.

You can not postpone therapy, otherwise the disease will progress: vision will begin to deteriorate, amblyopia - intensify.

Treatment

Conservative way

With astigmatism, optical vision correction is needed. The doctor recommends wearing glasses or special contact lenses. In most cases glasses with cylindrical lenses are assigned. The latter can be positive, negative. The choice of glasses depends on the form and type of the disease. This attribute is affordable, it allows you to quickly adjust your eyesight.

Wearing glasses has its drawbacks.They mist over: the child can not play sports.Therapy with the use of glasses leads to a violation of the side vision, as well as stereoscopic effect. If this attribute is broken, an eye injury is possible. As we have already noted, contact lenses are used to correct vision.Previously, hard lenses were in demand. They are not as user-friendly as modern ones. Today, doctors recommend toric, spherical lenses.The ophthalmologist deals with the selection of lenses.

Orthokeratology lenses are used to correct vision. They are made of quality gas-tight plastic. These lenses are recommended for night wear. They affect the surface of the cornea - correct its curvature. Orthokeratology lenses must be applied before bedtime.

Conservative treatment is under the supervision of a doctor. Points and contact lenses should be changed, taking into account the progression or retreat of the disease. Changes in the methods of treatment are made by the doctor.

Surgically

Once again, we recall that conservative methods do not guarantee a complete cure. They temporarily correct vision. When astigmatism is often prescribed surgery.Excimer laser correction is a progressive method of treatment. The procedure resembles an operation, it lasts 15 minutes. In the process, local anesthetic is used.To conduct excimer laser correction, microtomes are used. It helps to separate the surface of the cornea. The laser is launched into the deep layers. Using it, the doctor evaporates the surface of the cornea. Then a flap is placed on the place of the visual organ (collagen is used for fixation).

The advantage of laser treatment is the absence of seams. The epithelium near the flap is restored without outside help. Laser treatment does not require a long recovery period. The procedure gives almost instant results. After a half to two hours, vision improves. Within a week, the improvement becomes more tangible.

The claimed method of treatment is astigmatism.This is a surgical procedure, during which micro-incisions are superimposed on the cornea. This manipulation is recommended for people who have short-sighted or mixed astigmatism.The operation may involve refractive replacement of the lens. A procedure of this type is prescribed with a strong deformity of the optic.

Prevention

1. It is necessary to observe the regime of the day, to rest on time.
2. Lighting during operation should be correct.
3. Periodically you can massage your eyes, perform specialized gymnastics.
4. Recommended active lifestyle.
5. Showing vitamins with lutein (consult a doctor before taking the medicine).

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Amblyopia degrees

The reasons for the edema of the upper eyelids are described in this article.

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conclusions

Astigmatism is dangerous complications. To avoid pathology, you need to eat right, do not subject vision organs to overstrain and treat illnesses in time (especially those that are associated with the eyes). Self-medication is unacceptable: it aggravates the course of astigmatism.

Also read about such deviations as accommodation spasm and amblyopia.