Drugs for bronchitis in children

Bronchitis in children: acute, obstructive bronchitis, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis in children most often occurs as a complication against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza or severe colds, hypothermia. The provoking factors of bronchitis are seasonal sharp temperature changes, especially periods of rain with high humidity, so this disease usually occurs in the fall or spring.

In form all bronchitis in children are divided into: Acute, Prolonged and Recurrent.

For causes of occurrence, depends on the pathogen of inflammation and is divided into:

• Viral - influenza, adenoviruses, parainfluenza
• Bacterial - can be acute and obstructive( the causative agent is streptococcus, staphylococcus, morocell, hemophilus, and mycoplasma and chlamydia)
• Allergic,obstructive, asthmatic - arises from irritating chemical or physical factors such as household chemicals, house dust( read about allergy symptoms to dust), animal hair, plant pollen, etc.

Bronchitisa child under one year of age has symptoms and treatment.

Infants who are breastfed and who do not have contact with sick children and adults should not have any respiratory problems. However, if the child was born prematurely, has congenital malformations of the respiratory organs and other diseases, and in the family there are preschool children attending kindergartens and often ill - the development of bronchitis in a child up to a year is possible for the following reasons:

• is narrower thanAdult, bronchus, drier and vulnerable airway mucosa
• the congenital malformations of the
• are available after a viral or bacterial infection of
• that the individual sensitivity to chemical and phymatic stimuli - are allergic to anything.

The most basic symptoms of developing bronchitis are a severe dry cough, paroxysmal, accompanied by difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Gradually, the cough becomes moist, but mucus, sputum during bronchitis in a child up to a year significantly hampers breathing, normal lung function is disrupted, since the airways in infancy are narrow. Bronchitis in children up to a year and even up to 3-4 years is most often the following:

• Acute bronchitis simple
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis

On acute and obstructive bronchitis, we will dwell in more detail below. And now consider the most common bronchiolitis in children under the age of .

Bronchitis in children up to the year - bronchiolitis

This bronchitis affects both small bronchi and bronchioles, develops more often against the background of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza viruses and subsequent reproduction of pneumococci( and so on streptococci).In case of inhalation of icy air or sharp concentrations of various gases, bronchiolitis can develop as an independent disease. The danger of such bronchitis is a pronounced bronchoobstructive syndrome with the development of sometimes even acute respiratory failure:

• Characteristic of dry cough attacks, expressed shortness of breath of a mixed or expiratory form with syndromes of swelling of the nose, involving the auxiliary muscles, chest intercostal spaces, pallor of the skin, cyanosis.
• The child has dry mouth, there are no tears in crying.
• The child eats less and drinks than usual, respectively, and his urination is more rare.
• Increased body temperature, but unlike pneumonia, it is less pronounced( see whether to knock down the temperature).
• Shortness of breath to 60-80 breaths per minute, while breathing is grunting, superficial.
• Diffuse, damp, sonorous small bubbling and crepitating wheezing is heard on both sides.
• Symptoms of intoxication in bronchiolitis in children are not pronounced.
• X-ray is determined by the sharp transparency of the lung tissue, the variegation of the pattern, the horizontal standing of the ribs, the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.
• If first there was a simple bronchitis, then joining the bronchiolitis after a while manifests a sharp deterioration in the general condition of the child, cough becomes more painful and intense, with scant sputum.
• Children are usually very restless, moody, nervous.
• The blood test can be slightly changed, small leukocytosis and an increase in ESR are possible.
• Usually, bronchiolitis in children under one year has a prolonged course up to 1-1.5 months.
• The causes of acute bronchiolitis in children are similar to the causes of obstructive bronchitis in children over the age of -2-4 years. The local immune system of the respiratory tract in children under 2 years is weak, protection against viruses is not enough, so they easily penetrate deep into bronchioles and small bronchi.

Treatment of bronchiolitis in children

At home, you can not cure bronchiolitis. When a bronchiolitis occurs, the infant is usually shown hospitalization, so that the child is under the supervision of doctors. In the hospital pediatricians, pulmonologists will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. What should my mom do before the ambulance arrives?

You can only alleviate the symptoms of colds - create optimally comfortable air in the room, turn on the humidifier, air purifier.

If there is no high temperature in a child, you can ease breathing with warming creams and ointments, spread them with legs, calves. Only with this you need to be cautious if the child has not had any allergic manifestations before, then it helps a lot if a child allergic, warming ointments should be excluded.

To cough softer, you can do steam inhalation-above a boiling pan with a weak saline solution, hold the baby in her arms. Or sit him down at the table and cover with a towel over a cup of hot medical solution.

Try to force the baby to drink more to avoid dehydration, if the child refuses the breast or mixture, give the child just pure water.

In a hospital in order to relieve the signs of respiratory failure, the baby is given inhalations with bronchodilators and allowed to breathe oxygen. Also at the doctor's discretion, an antibiotic is selected - Sumamed, Macroben, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. It is possible to use various drugs with interferon. Necessarily prescribe antihistamines for the removal of edema at the site of inflammation and a possible allergic reaction to treatment. If symptoms of dehydration are observed, then the necessary rehydration therapy is performed.

Acute bronchitis in children - symptoms

Bronchitis in children is the most common form of respiratory tract disease. Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa without symptoms of inflammation of the lung tissue. Simple bronchitis in children has a self-contained bacterial disease in 20%, 80% either in the program of viruses( Coxsackie virus, adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza) or as a bacterial complication after these viral infections.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children are as follows:

First, the child develops general weakness, malaise, headache, lack of appetite, then there is a dry cough or cough with sputum, the intensity of which is rapidly increasing, while listening to dry diffusive or different-sized wet rales. Sometimes there may be a barking cough in a child whose treatment is slightly different.

In the first 2 days, the temperature rises to 38 ° С, but with a light form, the temperature can be 37-37.2.

After 6-7 days, the dry cough becomes wet, sputum discharge facilitates the child's condition and is a good indication that the body is coping with the infection and the virus.

The average duration of acute bronchitis in children is 7-21 days, but the nature of the disease, the severity of the inflammatory process depends on the child's age, the strength of his immune system, the presence of concomitant chronic and systemic diseases. In case of inadequate or untimely treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to addition - bronchiolitis, pneumonia. Sometimes after the flu, the child's condition improves for a while, then a sharp deterioration, a rise in temperature, a rise in the cough - this is due to the weakening of the immune system in the fight against the virus and the attachment of a bacterial infection, in which case an antibiotic is indicated.

With mycoplasmal or adenoviral acute bronchitis in children, the symptoms of intoxication, such as high fever, headaches, chills, lack of appetite, may be about a week. Usually acute bronchitis is bilateral, however, with mycoplasma bronchitis it is most often one-sided, sometimes combined with conjunctivitis.

Acute bronchitis in children - treatment of

Most often, the duration of acute bronchitis in children, the treatment of which is correct and carried out on time, should not be more than 14 days, but in infants, cough can persist for up to a month, as well as for older children with atypical mycoplasma bronchitis. If suddenly the bronchitis in the child is delayed, a number of diseases should be eliminated:

• aspiration of food
• pneumonia
• cystic fibrosis
• foreign body in bronchi
• tuberculosis infection

The pediatrician appoints a full treatment package. In addition to implementing all the recommendations of the doctor, you should provide the child with special nutrition and quality care. It is desirable to create in the room the optimum humidity and purity, for this it is convenient to use a humidifier and air purifier, often ventilate the room and conduct daily wet cleaning in the room in which the child is. And also:

• Abundant drink

Provide abundant reception of fluids in a warm form. To soften the cough, warm milk with butter or Borjomi mineral water helps, can be replaced with honey.

• High temperature

With fever, a temperature just above 38C should be taken antipyretic agents - paracetamol in syrup.

• Antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis in children, if recommended by a doctor, should be given strictly by the hour. If taking antibacterial drugs 3 times a day, this does not mean that you must drink from breakfast, lunch and dinner, which means that their reception should be 24/3 = 8, every 8 hours, if 1 time per day, then give it only at the same time, for example at 9 o'clock in the morning.11 rules - how to take antibiotics correctly.

• Cough medicines

With a dry cough, a child can be given antitussive medicines as prescribed by a doctor, and when he becomes wet, go on expectorants. With a dry cough, the means can be combined( Sinekod).If the cough is wet, then expectorants are shown - Mucaltin, Bromhexin, Gedelix, Alpine syrup, Thermopsis herb infusion or its dry extract, Bronchicum, Evcabal, Prospan, breastfeeds.

• Inhalation

Inhalation in bronchitis in children, the symptoms of which are very pronounced, are well assisted by inhalation with ordinary baking soda, what is called over a hot pan, inhalation of sodium bicarbonate with a nebulizer, inhaler.

• For Toddlers

For small and infants who do not know how to clear themselves, doctors advise turning the child more often from one side to the other. In this case, sputum is shifted downward, irritating the bronchial wall, this leads to reflex cough.

• Distractions

For older children, cans, mustards, hot foot baths, they still help, and if the child has strong immunity, such procedures will help to avoid taking antibiotics. You can soar your baby's legs after 1 year, and also rub them with warming agents - turpentine ointments, Barsukor, Pulmaks baby, etc., but only in case there is no heat, after rubbing, you should warm your feet and wrap up your baby. However, in case of an allergic bronchitis in a child, neither the mustard nor the warming ointments can be used, since the composition of ointments and mustard can worsen the child's condition.

• Compresses

For bronchitis in children, compresses from warm oil help to treat. Warm sunflower oil to 40 ° C and moisten them with gauze folded several times. This compress should be imposed only on the right side and back of the baby, from above put a plastic bag and a layer of cotton wool, bandage the child around several times. Dress warm clothes, do this procedure for the night, if there is no temperature in the child.

• Folk remedies

Old folk way - radish juice with honey, cabbage juice, turnip juice - any of these juices should be given 1 teaspoon 4 times a day. You can give and cranberry juice, mixing it with honey in a ratio of 3/1, a tablespoon 3 times a day.

• Massage

The first week is well helped by chest massage, older children would be good to perform breathing exercises.

Physiotherapy procedures for bronchitis

In children, these procedures are prescribed and conducted only at the discretion of the physician, these are physiotherapy methods that contribute to a faster recovery, since they have an anti-inflammatory effect, however, they can not be performed more than 2 times a year:

• Ultraviolet thoracic irradiation
• Mud,paraffin applications on the chest and between the blades
• Inductometry on the same areas
• Calcium electrophoresis
• SOLFIX on the chest
• Aeronisation hydroionizedrum respiratory tract with solutions of chamomile, antibiotics.

Prevention of acute bronchitis in children:

It is impossible to tolerate a prolonged runny nose in a child, timely treatment of any colds and infectious diseases will be the best preventive against penetration of the infection into the lower respiratory tract.

Walking in the fresh air in the park, playing at the cottage, exercise in nature, tempering, daily intake of natural vitamins in fruits and vegetables, and not in tablets - the path to your child's health.

Obstructive bronchitis in children - symptoms

In young children, usually up to 3-4 years of age, acute bronchitis can be accompanied by obstructive syndrome - this is an acute obstructive bronchitis. In children, the symptoms of such bronchitis begin more often after viral infections or allergic manifestations on the stimulus.

The main symptoms of obstructive bronchitis:

• Hearing, audible long breath with whistle
• Coughing with attacks, before vomiting, debilitating
• During inhalation, intercostal spaces and chest swelling with breathing

In obstructive allergic bronchitis, children do not have temperature, it starts because ofan allergic reaction to the strongest irritant for the child, and parents can often recall that they recently bought something for the child - a feather pillow or a blanket made of camel or sheep wool, they inhaled at homeWith paint from repair or went to visit, where there are cats.

In obstructive bronchitis in children, symptoms can begin on the 3rd or 4th day of the flu or ARVI, and can also be caused by other bacteria, which is manifested in the appearance of expiratory dyspnea - an increase in the respiratory rate to 60 per minute, and there are also difficulties in inspiration.

The child starts wheezing, noisy breathing, especially a prolonged wheezing exhale, which is audible to the persons next to the baby. The thorax is as if swollen, that is, the ribs are horizontally arranged. Cough is dry, obtrusive, bouts, arises suddenly, it does not bring relief and intensifies at night.

If this disease develops not after ARI, then the temperature in the early days is not increased.
Headache, weakness and nausea, are very rare.

When listening to dry whistling rales in the lungs.

X-ray revealed increased transparency, increased pulmonary pattern, in the absence of infiltrative changes in the lungs.

Blood test as for a viral infection - lymphocytosis, leukopenia.accelerated ESR, if allergic bronchitis in a child, then eosinophilia.

Almost always obstructive bronchitis is associated with a virus or mycoplasmal infection, relapses of obstructive bronchitis in children most often spontaneously stop by 4 years.
If bronchioles and small bronchi are affected, then this is an acute bronchiolitis.

Obstructive bronchitis in children differs from asthma attacks, in that obstruction develops slowly, and with asthma the child abruptly begins to suffocate. Although the first attacks of bronchial asthma in children also begin during ARVI.If the obstruction occurs several times a year, it is a signal that the child is at risk for developing bronchial asthma in the future.

Obstructive bronchitis in a child can be due to passive smoking, it can be distinguished by a strong cough with a whistle in the morning, while the child's condition is quite satisfactory. Obstruction with allergies occurs when contact with an allergen and recently it becomes a very frequent manifestation in children prone to allergies, such bronchitis are recurrent and are threatened by the development of bronchial asthma.

Allergic and obstructive bronchitis in children - treatment

Hospitalization

For obstructive bronchitis in children under one year or 2 years, treatment should be performed in a hospital under the supervision of a pediatrician, in other cases at the discretion of the doctor and parents. Treatment is best done in the hospital if:

• In addition to obstruction in the child, the symptoms of intoxication are decreased appetite, high fever, nausea, general weakness.
• Severe signs of respiratory failure. This is shortness of breath, when the frequency of breathing increases by 10% of the age norm, counting is better done at night, and not during games or crying. In children under 6 months, the respiration rate should not exceed 60 per minute, 6-12 months - 50 breaths, 1-5 years, 40 breaths. Acrocyanosis is a sign of respiratory failure, manifested by cyanotic nasolabial triangle, nails, that is, the body experiences oxygen deficiency.
• It is not uncommon for obstructive bronchitis in children to mask pneumonia, so if the doctor suspects pneumonia from hospitalization can not be denied.

Bronchodilators

Bronchiolithics extend the bronchi, so they are designed to relieve obstruction. To date, they are presented in various forms in the pharma industry:

• In the form of syrups( Salmeterol, Clenbuterol, Ascoril), which are convenient for young children, their disadvantage is the development of tremors and palpitations.
• In the form of solutions for inhalation( see Berodual for inhalation) - this is the most convenient method for young children, diluting the drug solution with a solution, inhalation 2-3 times a day, after the improvement, it is possible to use only at night. The multiplicity and dosage, as well as the course of treatment is determined only by the pediatrician.
• Aerosol inhalers can only be used for older children( Berodual, Salbutamol).
• Such tableted forms of bronchodilators as theophylline( Teopec, Euphyllin) are not indicated for the treatment of children with obstructive bronchitis, they have more pronounced side effects, are more toxic than local inhalation forms.

Spasmolytics

Can be used to reduce bronchial spasms. This is papaverine or Drotaverin, No-shpa. Their reception can be carried out with the help of an inhaler, orally in the form of tablets or intravenously in a hospital.

Cough remedies

To make sputum better off, various mucoregulatory drugs are used, they help to thin the sputum and accelerate its excretion:

• These are drugs with active substance ambroxol( Lazolvan, Ambrobene).These drugs can not be taken for more than 10 days, it is most convenient to use them in the form of inhalations, as well as carbocisteine ​​preparations( Fluiditek, Bronhobos, Mukosol).
• After the cough became wet, the seizures became less intense, the sputum diluted, but it did not go well, the ambroxol should be changed to cough expectorants for children, which should be given no more than 5-10 days, including Gedelix, Bronhicum, Prospan, Bronchosan, Herbion( see herbion from dry and wet cough), Tussin, Bronchipret, breast-feeding 1,2,3,4.
• Codeine-containing drugs for children should not be taken if the child has a seizure-like compulsive cough, Sinecode, Stopcusin Fito, Libexin( with caution in childhood), Bronchicum, Broncholitin can be used as prescribed by the doctor.
• Erespal - promotes and removes obstruction and reduces sputum production, as well as it has anti-inflammatory activity, is used from the first days of the disease, reduces the risks of complications, is contraindicated in children under 2 years.

Draining massage

To facilitate the departure of phlegm, parents can do their own massage of the collar zone, thorax, back. Especially strong massage should be done for the muscles of the back along the spine. Useful for obstructive bronchitis in children postural massage - that is, efflorescence of the baby's back in the morning, it is necessary to hang the child from the bed upside down( padding the pillow under the tummy) and tapping the palms folded in the boat for 10-15 minutes. For older children, with a massage, ask the child to take a deep breath, and on an exhalation, tap. Useful and additional exercises such as inflating balloons, blowing out candles.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to children with an allergic reaction. Such medicines for allergies like Eryus in syrup can be taken to children from 1 year, with Claritin and Zirtek possible for half a year, from 2 years in syrups and drops Cetrin, Zodak, Parlazin( see list of allergy medicines).Such antihistamines of the 1st generation as Suprastin and Tavegil are used less often, only for drying with abundant liquid sputum.

Allergy or

If obstruction is caused by an allergy or a virus, antibiotics can not be used, and even dangerous( see antibiotics for colds and orgs).The appointment of antibiotics is possible only with the proven infectious origin of bronchitis in children.

When antibiotics

are indicated, treatment of bronchial obstruction with antibiotics is not indicated, only if a child has a fever over 4 days or a second temperature jump to 39C after 4-5 days after the onset of the disease is accompanied by severe intoxication, a strong cough ifwith adequate treatment, the child suddenly becomes apathetic, sluggish, refuses to eat, has weakness, nausea, headaches and even vomiting. In such cases, the use of antibiotics is justified. They are prescribed only by a pediatrician on the basis of a clinical picture, the presence of purulent sputum( indicative of bacterial bronchitis), inflammatory changes in the analysis of blood, as well as other signs of bacterial bronchitis or pneumonia( wheezing, x-ray signs).

Antiviral drugs

Most doctors recommend taking antiviral drugs for ARVI and flu, for generic candles Genferon, Viferon, and also in the form of drops Gripferon, Interferon, taking Orvire( remantadine) syrups, and after three years of age tableted forms such as Kagocel and Arbidol, Cytovir 3. But it is worth remembering that if in a family history( close relatives) there are any autoimmune diseases( Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diffuse toxicthroat, vitiligo, multiple sclerosis, pernicious anemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, uveitis, Addison's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, scleroderma), immunostimulants( Kagocel, Cytovir, Amiksin) can not be taken, this can trigger a debut of an autoimmune disease in a child, perhaps not now, but later( see more details of antiviral drugs in Orvi).

Hormone therapy

Hormonal medications, such as Pulmicort, are indicated only in severe or moderately obstructive bronchitis( usually with the help of a nebulizer), they quickly stop obstruction and inflammation, they are prescribed only by a doctor.

What not to do

For obstructive bronchitis in children, treatment with rubbing and spreading the body of the child with various heating ointments( Dr. Mom ointment, ointments with medicinal plants, essential oils), use of mustard plasters is unacceptable, since they cause an even more allergic reaction and bronchospasm, especially in children under 3 years old. Also categorically it is impossible to carry out inhalations with bronchitis with various medicinal herbs and essential oils. It is only possible to use such folk remedies for warming up - heat compresses with potatoes, salt, buckwheat.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic procedures in the acute period are contraindicated when the obstruction is already stopped, it is possible to perform UHF, electrophoresis or laser.

Hypoallergenic diet and plentiful drink

Any natural drinks - mineral water with milk, tea, broth of wild rose, should be drunk to the child as often as possible. The diet should be hypoallergenic, but at the same time maximally vitaminized, high in protein and fat content. Exclude from the diet of the child anything that can cause an allergic reaction:

• citrus fruits, red and orange fruits
• purchased spices, sweets, milk curds, yoghurts, carbonated drinks, sausages and sausages - everything containing dyes, flavors, preservatives and flavor enhancers
• honey and other beekeeping products
• fish grown on fish farms, chickens of broilers, as they are stuffed with hormones and antibiotics, which causes allergies.

When caring for a child, you should daily air, moisten the room where the child is. It's hot in the apartment should not be, it's better to have a cool, fresh, clean air. After the recovery of the child should be put on a dispensary record with an allergist.

zdravotvet.ru

Medications for the treatment of bronchitis

Bronchitis - inflammation of the inner shell of the bronchi, occurs when you meet with a strong infection and insufficient protection of the body( reduced immunity).The most common variant is complication after respiratory infection and influenza.

An excruciating cough, dry or with phlegm, disturbs well-being. Medications for bronchitis are prescribed by a doctor. There is enough choice, but you can not use tablets alone.

Treatment rules for

Most often, the treatment of bronchitis in children and adults is performed on an outpatient basis. In severe cases with dyspnea, purulent sputum, hospitalization is required. In order not to start the disease and not let the infection "hide", it is necessary to observe the basic rules of therapy.

For the removal of inflammation caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics and sulfonamides are needed. In severe bronchitis, a combination of two antibiotics is prescribed.

The most appropriate medication can be prescribed after receiving sputum analysis for sensitivity to antibiotics. Unfortunately, this requires the time and capabilities of the bacteriological laboratory. Therefore, the doctor is forced to focus on the nature of sputum, symptoms of the disease and a blood test.

• To purify the bronchi from thick sputum, drugs that dilute the action( mucolytics) are needed.
• To remove spasm, as a mechanical obstacle for the output of sputum, help antispasmodics, in the process of treatment they restore the patency of the bronchial ways.
• Expectorants irritate the bronchial wall and enhance reflex cough.
• The set of medications for bronchitis must include vitamins. They help in the removal of intoxication, eliminate oxygen deficiency.
• Drugs that activate suppressed immunity are recommended during the recovery period.

Antibacterial drugs

The standard for the treatment of bronchitis includes broad-spectrum antibiotics and penicillin derivatives.

Macrolides( Azithromycin, Sumased, Hemomycin, Clarithromycin, Macroben) act at the level of protein substances of bacteria, destroying them and suppressing the energy reserves of cells.

The penicillin group is used as a primary or additional antibiotic( Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Panclav).

The route of administration, whether orally in tablets or in injections, depends on the severity of the patient's stomach and condition. Drugs are given a course of 7 days. Interrupt treatment, reduce dosage can not. This helps the emergence of drug resistance and can seriously complicate the choice of therapy in the future.

Prescribed antibiotics should be drunk at regular intervals depending on the duration of the action( two to six times per day).

Means sulfanilamidnogo series( Sulfadimezin, Sulfalen, Norsulfazol) add anti-inflammatory effect to antibiotics.

If bronchitis is caused by viruses?

Bronchitis is rarely caused by viruses, but undoubtedly, viruses provoke the attachment of bacterial infection and weaken the body.

In the arsenal of anti-influenza drugs a lot of highly advertised expensive drugs( Tamiflu, Kagocel, Rimantadine, Ingaverin, Arbidol).The fact is that not all of them have the high antiviral activity that they are credited with.

The most reliably proven action of Arbidol, but its therapeutic dosage is much more than preventive, taking one tablet three times a day does not work.

If bronchitis is caused by fungi

Antifungal action possess:

• Antibiotics Griseofulvin and Levorin;
• Preparations of the azole group( Intraconazole, Fluconazole, Tenonitrazole, Diflucan).

Slimming and sputum preparations

The chemical composition and mechanism of action are divided into:

• directly reducing viscosity( Acetylcysteine, Mucosolvin, Fluimucil);
• enzymatic agents( trypsin, streptokinase);
• preparations that affect the production of mucus in the bronchial glands( Bromhexin, Ambrobene, Ambroxol, Lazolvan, Salmeteron, Salbutamol, Berotek).

Camphor, fir essential oil, juniper, Menthol have a weak effect.

Other

medications In severe bronchitis with an asthmatic component, treatment includes:

• preparations containing steroid hormones( Budesonide, Beclazone, Intal, Fluticasone);
• antihistamines( Loratadine, Citirizine, Levocabastine).

Aspirin tablets, Paracetamol( Kalpol, Panadol), Brufen derivatives, Metamizole are used to help with high temperature.

The drugs acting directly on the muscles of the bronchial ring include Euphyllin and Theophylline( the lungs), Foradil, Salmeterol, Salbutamol, Berotek.

For the inhalation use, Ambroghexal and Lazolvan preparations are recommended in drops. They are bred strictly according to the instruction by saline solution and used for breathing in nebulizers. Suitable for the treatment of adults and children.

Drugs recommended for full recovery

In the recovery phase, the body needs to compensate for the expended vitamins and minerals. Therefore, it is recommended to take a course of 1,5-2 months intake of the vitamin complex( Supradin, Vitrum, Alphabet, Multi-Tabs).

For the stimulation of protective forces you need tinctures Eleutherococcus, Levsei, Aloe. Stronger immunocorrectors are prescribed only after examination and doctor's recommendation.

Features of the treatment of children

For the treatment of young children, the medications are not in tablets but in inhalations( Mucosolvin, ACC, Ambroxol, Carbocysteine).

To improve expectoration, pediatricians recommend: Mukaltin, Lazolvan, Pertussin.

With a dry cough, the funds that depress the cough center in a child's dosage are indicated( preferably only overnight): Libexin, Tusuprex, Glaucin, Stoptussin. Do not act on the nerve centers Gerbion, Prospan.

In the pharmacy it is necessary to ask the children's form of medications, drugs are produced in syrup, chewing gums.

Drugs for bronchitis should not be used without consulting a doctor. All drugs have a side effect, which must be taken into account.

ingalin.ru

Antibiotics for bronchitis

Thunderstorm of autumn-spring period - bronchitis. Often it begins with a common cold and other respiratory diseases - sore throat or sinusitis. How to treat bronchitis correctly, only the doctor will say. Many people avoid using strong medicines and are treated with folk remedies. Often this is the reason for the transition of manifestations of bronchitis in the chronic course of the disease. Antibiotics for bronchitis should not be taken alone - be sure to contact your doctor.

Treatment regimen for bronchitis and pneumonia with antibiotics

Treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract is done in a hospital or outpatient. Light bronchitis is successfully eliminated at home, chronic or acute manifestations require hospitalization. Bronchitis and pneumonia are insidious diseases, so do not self-medicate. For adults and children, doctors prescribe different antibiotics and apply different healing procedures. So, antibiotics for bronchitis and the treatment regimen depend on:

• age;
• having a tendency to allergies;
• character of the disease( acute, chronic);
• type of pathogen;
• parameters of the drugs used( speed and spectrum of action, toxicity).

Antibiotics powerfully affect the human body, and their thoughtless use can harm, not help. For example, the use of strong drugs in the prevention of bronchitis can have the opposite effect. The constant intake of antibiotics inhibits immunity, promotes the emergence of dysbiosis, adaptation of strains of the disease to the drugs used. Therefore, it can not be said that antibiotics are the best remedy for bronchitis. Treatment of obstructive bronchitis with antibiotics is prescribed in the case of:

• if there is a high temperature( more than 38 degrees), which lasts longer than 3 days;
• purulent sputum;
• protracted nature of the disease - treatment for longer than a month does not bring recovery.
• manifested severe symptoms during exacerbation.
• if sputum analysis revealed pathogens, bacterial or atypical in nature.

In adults

What antibiotics to drink in adults with bronchitis? A specific treatment regimen is used based on the severity of the disease, its course and the age of the patient. With bronchitis of acute type, drugs of penicillin group are prescribed - Amoxicillin, Erythromycin. With chronic it is possible to use Amoxiclav, Augmentin. If this group of drugs does not help, go to the use of Rovamycin, Sumamed, etc.

For the elderly people are prescribed Flemoxin, Azithromycin, Suprax, Ceftriaxone. If sputum analysis was not performed, then a wide range of antibiotics are preferred: Ampicillin, Streptocillin, Tetracycin, etc. After the analysis, the doctor prescribes directed drugs. The decision on what antibiotics to take when bronchitis in adults is taken by the attending physician. In any case, the following treatment principles should be adhered to:

1. Drugs are taken strictly according to the instructions( dosage, schedule) at regular intervals.
2. It is inadmissible to skip the reception of tablets.
3. If the symptoms of bronchitis have disappeared - you can not arbitrarily stop treatment.

In children

Unlike adults, the treatment of bronchitis in children with antibiotics is extremely undesirable and dangerous. It is allowed to use drugs only if there is a suspicion of an infectious type of disease. Children should take penicillin group drugs. For children with asthma, the use of azithromycin, erythromycin is allowed. In the rest the treatment scheme of the child is standard and is aimed at eliminating symptoms. Assign:

• bed rest, child care;
• preparations for temperature reduction;
• remedy for cough and sore throat;
• application of traditional medicine.

Groups of antibacterials of new generation

Penicillins( oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin).The group of drugs includes such as "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin", "Panklav", etc. Have a bactericidal effect, affect the formation of the wall of the protein of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it perishes. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the ability to excite allergic reactions. If the disease is started and the drugs with penicillin do not have the proper effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides. An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. The brightest representatives of macrolides on the pharmacological market are preparations "Erythromycin", "Claricin", "Sumamed".The mechanism of action is directed to the disturbance of the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are good for people who are allergic. In combination with penicillins reduce their effectiveness.

Fluoroquinolones( pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, hemifloxacin, moxifloxacin).On the market, the drugs are presented by "Afelox", "Afenoxin", and medications that are of the same name with the main active substance, for example, "Moxifloxacin".This group is used as a medicine for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not affect the causative agent of the disease.

Cephalosporins( active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime).According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed "Cefalexin", "Cefuroxime axetil", "Cefotaxime".Limited to the effect on some pathogens. For example, such antibiotics absolutely do not affect pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasmas, listeria. Preparations of the first generation are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are administered in the form of injections. What are the most effective antibiotics

Amoxicillin. Form release - capsules and granules. Adults take 500 mg( 1-2 capsules) 3 times a day, if the bronchitis in severe form is doubled to 1000 mg. The child is prescribed from 100 to 250 mg per day, depending on the age. To facilitate admission for children, a suspension is prepared - in half a glass of water, the antibiotic is diluted and shaken. The method of intake is only oral, by injection the drug is not administered.

Sumamed. It is used for bronchitis and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Produced by tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, course 3-5 days. Children dose determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medicine per 1 kg. More accurate and correct dosage will be told only by a specialist, do not neglect medical opinion.

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin. They are positioned as antibiotics for chronic bronchitis in adults( over 18 years of age).Highly effective in pneumonia, sinusitis, pyelonephritis, infections of various etiologies. The use of this antibiotic is accompanied by a plentiful drink. Avoid direct contact with ultraviolet light of any origin. The form of release - tablets. Dosage - 1-2 times a day for 500 mg.

Cefazolin. Produced by powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections per day for 0.25-1 g. Therapeutic course - 7-10 days. The child's dose is determined proportionally to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stabbing - 3-4 times a day. If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustment is performed.

Side effects of

Because of its nature, antibiotics have an extensive list of side effects. From the gastrointestinal tract - is diarrhea, vomiting, dysbiosis, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, dry mouth. From the urogenital organs - itching, impotence, kidney failure, blood in the urine. On the part of the locomotor system - dizziness, arthritis, muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs, paralysis. Skin reactions are hives, itching, allergic reactions.

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Expectorants for children. Expectorants for bronchitis

Cough - this is not a disease, but a symptom. And you need to treat the disease, but not its manifestation. After all, often the father and mother give their children such means, which they can not use categorically. In this article we will describe what to treat cough, what medicines to use from the pharmacy, and also consider folk ways of treating bronchitis.

When should expectorants be used?

When the baby starts coughing, often sputum begins to form in large quantities. It becomes thick, viscous. And this is a real paradise for various microbes and bacteria. And to get the sputum out of the body more quickly, you need to take special medications that are able to free the bronchi from mucus.

It is important to remember that expectorants for children should be given only when sputum is secreted. It can be with the following diseases:

• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• bronchial asthma;
• sinusitis.

In these cases, expectorants for children can be used.

Classification of cough drugs

Modern expectorant drugs fall into two categories:

• reflex preparations;
• medications with direct effect.

The first category includes substances that, getting inside the stomach, irritate its mucous and eventually provoke an increase in the work of bronchial glands. It turns out that the amount of sputum increases, and its consistency becomes less dense.

To such medicines should be attributed the root of licorice, althea, herb thyme.

The second group of drugs affects the bronchi or the sputum contained in them. This group is also divided into:

• medications that affect the bronchi;
• means to stimulate the production of liquid sputum.

The first subgroup includes such products as soda, iodine, eucalyptus oil.

The second subgroup includes preparations "Mukoltin", "Bromgexin", "Lazolvan", etc.

Remember! Do not take expectorant drugs along with cough medicine. Because this can lead to an anxious concentration of sputum.

Expectorants from a pharmacy in the form of tablets

Than to treat a cough? Effective medications that are able to withdraw phlegm from the body are the following tablets:

• Preparation "Mukaltin" .This tool is prescribed to children from three years of age. Before reaching this age, the drug should not be given. Tablets are pleasant enough to taste, they need to be chewed. Give the child one tablet 4 times a day.
• Bromhexine .Assign for severe diseases of the respiratory system: for the treatment of bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia. The drug( sometimes in the form of syrup) should be given strictly on the recommendation of the doctor. You can not assign a child to your child alone.

Drugs from a pharmacy in the form of syrups

The following expectorants in the form of suspensions are also effective for bronchitis:

• Medication "Ascoril" .This is a wonderful remedy that will help to remove attacks of cough, and also will bring it to naught. Only you need to know that you should drink it no more than a week. Also categorically it is forbidden to take it along with antitussive drugs.
• Preparation Gedelix .This tool is perfect for both tiny babies and older children. In its composition, only natural substances. The main component of this syrup is the extract of ivy leaves. Syrup "Alteika" .A wonderful natural medicine that will suit absolutely any child. As a part of a syrup only natural components which help the child to well expectorate a sputum, also they are capable to improve work of bronchial glands.
• Drug "Doctor MOM" .This is perhaps the most popular and famous medicine, which is prescribed for children to treat bronchitis. Only it is necessary to take into account the important moment when buying syrup: it can be given to kids from three years old. The medicine is also of vegetable origin, it contains more than 10 different herbs that help fight cough.
• Syrup «Licorice root» will suit children from three years old. Up to six years, children should be diluted with water, because it contains ethyl alcohol. But, despite this, the licorice root has an excellent expectorant effect, has a clear anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects.

The above expectorant drugs work well with bronchitis. Next, we will consider home methods of fighting the disease with the help of products that are present in our homes.

Folk expectorants for bronchitis

1. Oatmeal from .Two hundred grams of oats should be poured into 400 ml of milk. Put this mixture on a weak fire, wait until the oat flakes completely boil. In the resulting broth you need to put 40 grams of honey. Give the child this folk remedy 20 grams 4-7 times a day. Radish with honey .In the vegetable, make a large groove, pour a little honey and wait until the juice is formed( about 4 hours).The liquid that will eventually turn out, you need to give the children 20 grams three times a day.
2. Nuts, aloe, honey and lemon - a wonderful remedy for bronchitis in children. A handful of walnuts( 0.3-0.4 kg) should be mixed with 100 ml of aloe juice, 300 grams of honey and squeezed lemon juice( 4 pieces).The whole composition should be well mixed and given to the baby 15 grams three times a day.
3. Kalina with honey .One hundred grams of berries need to be washed, separated from twigs. Then pour them with liquid honey( 200 g), put on a slow fire and simmer for about 5 minutes. When the mixture has cooled, give the baby 1 tablespoon 3 times a day. Drink this medicine preferably with boiled water.

The effectiveness of herbs in the fight against bronchitis

Special expectorant herbs, which are sold in the pharmacy along with medicines, will give a quick result - the child will recover sooner, as the sputum will be better excreted.

Plus the use of folk remedies in the fight against cough is also good( in most children) tolerability of such herbs. However, in any case, you should be careful, since allergic reactions are possible.

But to give babies any herbs with medicinal properties is necessary only after consultation with the pediatrician. Only he correctly advises a set that will suit a particular baby.

Herbs that can cure a cough.

1. Mother-and-Stepmother .This herb has an excellent expectorant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Children make it infusions and decoctions. You can give mother-and-stepmother children from two years. Before this, this categorically can not be taken.
   Preparation of : 40 grams of grass should be poured into a saucepan with boiling water( 250 ml) and placed in a water bath. Preparation time - 15 minutes. Then insist about 50 minutes, filter and give the baby half the cup 2 times a day before meals.
   
2. Altey .This herb also copes well with a wet cough, removing all unnecessary sputum.
   Recipe for the expectorant from the althea : 40 grams of dried leaves should be poured in 200 ml of boiling water. Define to a low heat and hold it for 15 minutes. After this, remove from the oven, insist about 20 minutes, add another glass of water.
   
3. Licorice .The healing properties of this herb have been known for a long time. A wonderful medicine is obtained from it, it is prepared as follows: water boil( 200 ml), pour there 1 tablespoon licorice, top cover. Let stand for about 40 minutes. Then filter and add another glass of water. Take the children a quarter of a glass 4 times a day. Important! Licorice has a laxative effect. Therefore, take it with caution.

Drugs for bronchitis

With this diagnosis, the doctor can choose the right medicine. Expectorants for bronchitis are appointed based on the nature of the cough, its density, productivity.

If sputum is not produced during a strong cough, then it is necessary to take such preparations: tablets "Mukoltin" or syrup expectorant "Ambroxol".

If the sputum is secreted, but in small amounts, and the cough torments the child, then the optimal medicine in this case will be the drug "Bromhexin".

In case if during a painful cough the child has a vomiting reflex, then to the main treatment, which the pediatrician appointed, you need to add a spray "Vintolin" or syrup "Kodelak fito"( but only after consulting a pediatrician!).These expectorants for children can calm the cough. Use these medications only once a day, no more, just at the moment when the child starts to choke or has a vomiting reflex.

What if I have a cough in a neglected child?

Some parents believe that they are able to remove the cough from the baby on their own, without going to the children's polyclinic. And this is fundamentally the wrong decision. The doctor in any case should listen to the child, make a diagnosis and assign the necessary medication. Without this, cough is simply unacceptable. And it turns out that when a mother gives her baby certain medicines, but no use from them, the baby becomes worse and worse. The result is one - she still comes with a seriously ill child to the doctor. And he, after listening to the baby, says that antibiotics can not be avoided.

Conclusion one: apply on time to a qualified specialist. Then the child will feel better, and it will be easier for the mother.

Side effects of expectorants

Already found out that these drugs are effective in dry cough. They lead to its amplification, the allocation of more sputum. Thus, the child becomes easier to cough. But if the mother does not follow the recommended doses for medicines, an overdose of expectorants can cause vomiting. Even if the instructions say that the medicine is of plant origin, then there is no guarantee of its safety. Also, use these drugs with caution, because they can cause an allergic reaction in the baby. Therefore, the most important thing is that I want to inform parents in this article: when your baby is sick, he has started coughing, then he does not need to treat it himself and prescribe medications that can hurt him later. It is important that the pediatrician listens to him, appoints the right treatment and really necessary expectorants for children. And then the cough will pass quickly enough.

Now you know what preparations can cure bronchitis in a child. Also you learned important information about traditional methods of treatment, learned new recipes against cough. And most importantly, they realized that any illness should be treated with a pediatrician. Mom is not a doctor, she can not diagnose the diagnosis herself, and therefore she can not independently treat a child, not knowing what he has, has no right. Health to you and your children!

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