Amblyopia: ICD-10 code, causes and methods of treatment

Amblyopia is a weakening of the vision of a secondary nature. For all types of such visual pathology, it is characteristic that in adulthood, deterioration in visual quality persists after removing the underlying problem that caused amblyopia. The diagnosis of amblyopia in medical records can be indicated by a code. There is an International Classification of Diseases (IBC), according to which a disease is designated. Currently, the tenth classification is used - MBK-10. According to this classification amblyopia due to aninopia (visual field defect) is denoted by H53.0

Definition of disease

The term "amblyopia" refers to a decrease in visual acuity due to functional disorders of the visual analyzer. This problem is most often impossible to correct with the help of glasses (contact lenses). This disease is also called lazy eye syndrome.

There are several types of functional disorder:

• Anisometropic amblyopiawhich can be manifested in the case of serious differences in the refractive power of the left and right eyes;
• Deprivational amblyopiadevelops as a consequence of deprivation (reduction or total loss of sight) of one of the eyes due to the presence, for example, of cataracts or opacity of the cornea. After elimination of the problem, low vision is preserved;
• Disbinocular amblyopia, which is caused by the presence of strabismus;
• Hysterical amblyopia, which can still be referred to as psychogenic blindness;
• Refractive amblyopia;
• Obscuration amblyopiadevelops in the presence of congenital (acquired at an early age) opacification of the optical environment of the eyes.

Amblyopia is caused by non-participation of one of the eyes in the process of "seeing which is explained by the already existing problem in the field of vision.

Causes

Since this functional vision disorder is a secondary pathology, the reasons for its occurrence can be call both factors that caused functional disorders of the visual analyzer, and processes that explain the decrease view.The likelihood of amblyopia increases in connection with the presence of a number of genetic features.There are some types of diseases transmitted by inheritance that can cause amblyopia:

• The Benche syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of strabismus and asymmetric facial hyperplasia;
• Reciprocal balanced translocation;
• Lack of mental development;
• Low growth;
• Kaufmann's syndrome;
• Ophthalmoplegia.

In those cases when one of the parents suffers amblyopia, the probability of its manifestation in the child is increased. Most often, such a visual impairment manifests itself in families whose members suffer from strabismus and expressed refractive disorders.Immediate reasons for the development of functional vision disorder are a large number of specific factors that cause amblyopia.For example, in the case of amblyopia caused by strabismus, the pathology develops in a mowing eye. This is due to the fact that the brain is forced to suppress the "picture which comes to him from the mowing eye.

Manifestations of hysterical amblyopia are provoked by psychogenic factors that cause visual impairment, color perception, photophobia and other functional disorders.

The appearance of obscurant amblyopia causes turbidity, dystrophy or trauma of the cornea, cataracts, ptosis of the upper eyelid, serious changes in the vitreous. The cause of anisometropic amblyopia is a high degree of anisometropia. Visual impairment in this case is manifested on the eye with more pronounced refractive disorders (refraction process of light rays in the optical system of the eye). Amblyopia can develop in the case of long-term absence of correction of hyperopia, myopia or astigmatism.

A greater risk of developing amblyopia occurs when children are born with a deep degree of prematurity or delayed mental development.

Symptoms

Different forms of amblyopia are also manifested in different ways. A weak degree of amblyopia may not have symptoms.In children, the possibility of developing amblyopia can be suspected in the presence of diseases that cause such a disorder of vision.The reason for concern may be the inability of a small child to fix a sight on a bright subject.

On amblyopia can indicate a deterioration in visual acuity, which can not be corrected. Also the manifestations of a functional disorder can be:

• Impaired ability to orient in visually unfamiliar places;
• The deviation of one eye from a normal position;
• The development of the habit of covering the eye, if necessary, is something of a quality to see or when reading;
• Automatic tilt (turn) of the head when looking at anything;
• Violation of color perception or adaptation to darkness.

A hysterical form of amblyopia can occur with severe stress or emotional overstrain. This condition manifests itself as a sudden deterioration in vision, lasting from several hours to several months.The deterioration in vision quality with amblyopia can be different.This is an almost inconspicuous decrease in visual acuity and almost complete loss of vision.

In order to diagnose amblyopia, it is important to conduct a comprehensive ophthalmological examination.

Possible complications

In the absence of treatment or delayed correction of visual disorders, visual acuity can be significantly reduced. Over time, this process is steadily progressing.

Treatment

Treatment of this visual pathology can give the most qualitative result, if it is carried out in the early period. Treatment methods are selected individually.All methods of "working" with a problem require consistency and perseverance. Correction of this kind of visual disorders is best done at an early age (children 6-7 years), in patients 11-12 years of amblyopia may not be amenable to correction.It is important to conduct a study of visual acuity to children before they enter school.

The methods of treatment of amblyopia directly depend on the causes of visual impairment. However, the majority of existing methods of treatment consist in reducing or completely eliminating "competition" leading the eye with the help of its direct occlusion ("closing" in various ways), which continues a long time. Parallel stimulation of the function of the amblyopic eye is carried out.

Treatment measures for refractive or anisometropic amblyopia involve the use of conservative methods. This is the optimal correction of vision, which is made by careful selection of glasses, night or contact lenses. Laser correction can also be performed. Three weeks after the beginning of the correction, the doctor prescribes pleoptical treatment (elimination of the predominant role of the seeing eye, and the strengthening of the functioning of the "weak" eye).Treatment of amblyopia includes physiotherapeutic procedures: vibro-massage, reflexology, electrophoresis.

After the end of the pleoptia stage, the process of recovery of binocular vision begins, which is achieved by the method of orthoptic treatment.

Medication

In young children (1-4 years), the correction of the functioning of the organs of vision is carried out with the help of penalization, by instilling into the "stronger" eye the solution of atropine.This leads to a decrease in visual acuity of the leading eye and activation of the amblyopic eye.In the case of development of hysterical amblyopia in adults, sedatives can be prescribed, as well as psychotherapy sessions.

Resuscitation therapy is performed with the appearance of obscure amblyopia.

Surgically

In the case of diagnosis of obscurative amblyopia, surgical removal of cataracts and correction of ptosis are performed.When dysbinocular amblyopia requires correction of strabismus, which is also carried out by surgical methods.

People's means

Most of the folk remedies used can not improve vision with amblyopia. In most cases this is wasted time, as well as real harm to health.

Prevention

Prevention of this visual disorder is in activities that allow you to discover the pathology as early as possible, leading to the development of amblyopia.For this, a regular examination of children by ophthalmologists is necessary. It is important to conduct such examinations starting from the first month of life.When detecting visual defects, they must be eliminated at an early age.

.

Levomycetin eye drops: instructions for use

Ogovit - drops for eyes are described in this article.

Herniation of upper eyelid - treatment without surgery http://eyesdocs.ru/zabolevaniya/gryzha/izlechima-li-nizhnego-veka.html

.

Video

conclusions

Amblyopia is called the "lazy" eye syndrome. This vision disorder is secondary and is characterized by non-participation of one of the eyes in the vision process. Amblyopia is a disease that develops primarily in childhood. That is why it is important to detect and correct it as early as possible.

Treatment of amblyopia brings a qualitative result only with a responsible passage of a long course of treatment and compliance with absolutely all the prescriptions of an ophthalmologist.

Also read about children's conjunctivitis and about the methods of treatment of haljazion in children.