From this article you will learn about such an interesting diagnosis, as VSD on the hypertonic type. A similar disease is registered in different countries of the world with a frequency of 20 to 75% in patients of all age groups. Such a large breakdown in statistics is due precisely to the ambiguity of the symptoms and the treatment of this condition. We will try to understand all the subtleties of this diagnosis.
Contents of the article:
- Who is at risk and causes of the pathology
- Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Methods of treatment
- Forecast
To begin with it is necessary to understand the concepts. VSD, or vegeto-vascular dystonia is a disease or condition caused by disturbances in the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system regulates many processes in the body, including heart rate, vascular tone, blood pressure and the emotional state of a person. Another is the older name for this condition - NDC or neuro-circulatory dysfunction, which some doctors still sometimes use.
Click on the picture to enlarge Vegeto-vascular dystonia is divided into three types:
- . Hypertonic type is one of the most common varieties of vegetative-vascular dystonia, characterized by sudden increases in blood pressure during the day. It is important that on average the patient's pressure remains normal.
- The hypotonic type is a rarer form of disturbance of the autonomic nervous system, in which the patient experiences episodes of falling blood pressure, often accompanied by headache, weakness, dizziness and even loss of consciousness.
- By mixed type is a complex combination of the two previous types, in which the patient "jumps", alternating episodes of increased and decreased pressure.
Clinical symptoms and complaints in patients manifest themselves in different ways. Someone "jumps" of pressure does not disturb in any way and are found only at the next preventive examination and measurement of blood pressure. Other patients feel another "leap", but their overall well-being and working capacity suffer.
Click on photo to enlarge It is because of this ambiguous clinic that the opinions of many specialists regarding this diagnosis differ. Most countries with an insurance system of medicine in principle do not accept such a diagnosis and do not pay for its treatment. VSD hypertensive type - this is one of the most controversial issues of modern medicine, it is especially difficult to clearly distinguish it from real arterial hypertension.
At the moment, the approach to vegetative-vascular dystonia is this: it is not a disease, but rather a state of the nervous system of a particular person, but in the presence of periodic increases in pressure and related complaints, this patient can be safely attributed to the risk group for the development of overt hypertension. Cure VSD is essentially impossible, because it is impossible to cure the characteristics of the nervous system. However, it is important to prevent the transition to true hypertension and related problems.
Neurologists deal with this problem together with therapists, periodically recruiting for the consultation of a cardiologist. It is appropriate for some patients to appoint a consultation with a psychotherapist.
Risk groups
Certainly, it is possible to distinguish some risk factors that significantly increase the chance of getting disorders in the autonomic nervous system:
- Female gender. No matter how trite it sounds, women are emotional creatures and prone to differences in the work of the nervous system. Hormonal changes in the body of women during puberty, pregnancy and menopause also have a very strong effect on the work of the autonomic nervous system, so women's VSD often first appears in these "critical" periods.
- Intellectual work. Mental labor and mental stress also contribute to the instability of the nervous system. Teachers, doctors, accountants, and leading employees are extremely exposed to such differences.
- Stress and nervous overexertion lies at the root of most diseases, VSD - is no exception. No wonder all the "jumps" of pressure are combined with stress, experience or difficult life situation.
- Sleep disorders - chronic lack of sleep. This is a very significant issue, since sleep is the most important factor in the development of biologically active substances for the normal functioning of the nervous system - neurotransmitters.
- Craniocerebral injuries, problems with the spine, transferred neuroinfections( meningitis, toxoplasmosis, herpetic encephalitis and others) also disrupt the normal functioning of the nervous system and disrupt the production of neurotransmitters.
- Neuroses, depression, bipolar disorders and other psychotherapeutic problems are very often combined with disorders of the autonomic nervous system.
- Abuse of coffee, alcohol, cigarettes and energy drinks.
- Individual characteristics of a person - meteosensitivity, intolerance of high or low temperatures, high humidity, stuffiness, noise, bright colors, sharp odors. The organism can respond to all these "irritants" with an inadequate reaction of the nervous system and blood vessels.
Symptomatic symptoms of
We list the most important and typical clinical manifestations of VSD according to the hypertonic type:
- The sudden rise in blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg. Art. The maximum pressure figures are individual, in some patients the pressure can "jump" to 200/120 mm Hg. Art.
- Against the background of increased pressure, there are typical complaints - headache, redness of the face, tinnitus, nausea and dizziness.
- Cardiac manifestations are associated with an increase in the heart rate, heart rhythm disturbances, pain and discomfort behind the sternum.
- There is a feeling of fatigue, weakness, drowsiness and apathy.
- In a number of cases, there is panic, nervous excitement, obsessive fear of death or fear of loneliness.
A very important feature of vegetative-vascular dystonia is that all these symptoms appear only against a background of some stress or provoking factor, and very often they go independently after taking sedatives, breathing exercises or rest. Only a small number of patients need to take drugs to reduce pressure to stop the attack.
Diagnostics
It is the diagnosis of VSD that becomes known as a "stumbling block", as it is very difficult to catch that thin line between real-world hypertension and VSD according to the hypertonic type.
We list the main diagnostic criteria:
- Thorough questioning of the patient, with detailed examination of complaints and symptoms.
- Measurement of blood pressure. In this case, we are not talking about a one-time measurement of the pressure at the reception - most often in a patient with VSD it will be increased, since for most people a visit to the doctor is a serious stress.
For accurate diagnosis, daily monitoring of blood pressure, or SMAD, is necessary. To do this, a special portable tonometer is worn on the patient's arm, which measures the pressure at regular intervals. A person wears this device during the day - day and night - and leads a normal lifestyle. During the course of the study, the patient keeps a diary, which indicates the time and type of his studies. For example, from 13.00 to 14.00 I went for a walk or watched TV.Then the records of the pressure indicators and the diary of the patient are given for deciphering to the doctor. With arterial hypertension, the pressure will be stably high, with hypertension-type AVR - it will rise periodically, especially against the background of stress or physical stress. Sometimes, even episodes of pressure drop below the normal rate may be noted. - An electrocardiogram, clinical blood tests, examination of the fundus are needed to determine possible indirect signs of hypertension.
- Consultation of a neurologist. Inspection of this specialist is mandatory for assessing the patient's neurological status and diagnosing any neurological diseases that provoke IRR.
- Consultation of a cardiologist is indicated to all controversial patients. The cardiologist should see the results of the examinations, including SMAD and other specialized studies.
- Consultation of a psychotherapist is absolutely necessary for a number of patients, since vegetative-vascular dystonia is more a disease of the mind than of the body. Many patients are helped very much by psychotherapy, various methods of stress relief, and even certain groups of psychotropic drugs.
Tonometer on the wrist Most often, the diagnosis is made by the joint decision of a neurologist, therapist and cardiologist.
Methods of treatment
Treatment of hyperinic type AVR is a rather difficult task. It is important to understand that, based on the main cause of dysfunction of the nervous system, different patients will come up with completely different treatments. In some patients, the condition passes without a trace with minimal effort, while in others it is difficult to treat. Doctors unequivocally agree in the statement that the success of the treatment lies in the normalization of the psychoemotional state of the patient.
- Normalization of sleep and rest - such a trivial recommendation in the case of treatment VSD is fundamental. It is enough for many patients to provide themselves with a standardized working day, an eight-hour sleep and optimal leisure, as already marked by a sharp improvement.
- Taking sedatives. The "seriousness" of sedatives is individual. One of the patients is well helped by herbal preparations based on valerian, motherwort, mint, peony, passionflower, others - complexes of B, potassium and magnesium vitamins, the third need specialized drugs. There is nothing terrible or dangerous in taking antidepressants or tranquilizers, selected and prescribed by a doctor.
- Water treatments are recognized as the undisputed leader in the therapeutic effect on the autonomic nervous system. Swimming, various types of water procedures in the mud and water sanatoriums and even a regular contrast shower or bath with soothing herbs at night perfectly soothe and relax.
- Sport and physical activity are always a great outlet for people who are busy with mental work. Ideal types of such activity for the prevention of dystonia( VSD) by hypertonic type and treatment are yoga, pilates, breathing exercises, walking and jogging.
- Refusal from bad habits, including excessive consumption of coffee and strong tea.
- Admission of specialized cardiac drugs is shown in a relatively small number of patients, since there is no need for constant and strict control of blood pressure in the VSD.The doctor-therapist or the cardiologist selects such preparations.
- Some patients are shown the use of vascular drugs, especially against the background of circulatory disorders of the brain, osteochondrosis, after suffering craniocerebral injuries or strokes. Appoints such a neurologist.
Disease Forecast
In itself, the dysfunction of the nervous system does not do much damage to the health of the patient, but it is fertile soil for the development of serious diseases: hypertension, cerebral circulation disorders, neuroses, panic attacks.
Given that the diagnosis of "vegetative-vascular dystonia" or "neuro-circulatory dysfunction" is absent in the International Classification of Diseases and is not recognized in some countries of the world, there is no convincing statistical data on prognosis for recovery or any complications.
