Strabismus (strabismus) is a violation of the work of the visual organs, in which, coordinated work Both eyes become impossible, fix both eyes on the selected subject. The observation is extremely difficult. The visual axis is not parallel, they are diverted from a single direction to the object. This is not only a cosmetic defect that creates complexes in a child. Friendly strabismus leads to a significant reduction in visual acuity.
Content
1Definition of disease
2Causes
3Symptoms
4Possible complications
5Treatment
5.1Medication
5.2Surgically
6Prevention
7Video
8conclusions
Definition of disease
In the case of strabismus, binocular vision (visual perception of the same object by two eyes) is disturbed.Depending on the causes of the occurrence, distinguish:
Friendly strabismus;
Paralytic strabismus.
Friendly strabismus develops in early childhood (the first year of life) at the stage of binocular vision formation.In the presence of this type of pathology are characterized by:
Preservation of the entire volume of movements of the eyeballs;
Equality of deflection of mowing and healthy eyes;
Absence of a violation of binocular vision and sensation of "double vision".
Paralytic strabism causes damage or paralysis of the oculomotor muscles.
It develops at any age as a result of a pathological process that disrupts the functioning of the eye muscles, nerves or brain.
Depending on the direction of the axes, eye deviations are:
Exotropia(the eye is deflected towards the temple);
Convergent strabismus(the eye is deflected towards the nose);
Vertical strabismus.Types of strabismus
In some cases, there is a strabismus, in which the horizontal and vertical direction of the eye deflection are combined.
Causes
Strabismus is a pathology that arises as a result of various factors.One factor can not explain the development of strabismus. Modern studies show that strabismus is the result of a pathology of conditioned reflex coordination of eye movements. For the development of such a violation, the age is most "appropriate" when binocular vision is formed (early childhood).
Strabism is a manifestation of a violation of binocular vision, which means that the "root cause" of strabismus development is the impossibility of fixing both eyes on one object.
But the reasons for which fixation is violated, can be quite a lot:
Violation of oculomotor muscles;
The big difference in visual acuity of one eye in relation to another(more,). In this case, the central nervous system is not able to combine a clearer and "blurred" image;
A big difference in the refractive power of the eyes,provoking education on the retina of the eyes of various images of one object. This prevents the creation of a single image in the cerebral cortex;
Disturbance of the development of the cerebral cortex,in which the creation of a single visual image is problematic.
The immediate factors that cause the development of friendly strabismus can be:
Injuries(physical or psychological);
Infectious diseases.
Often, the development of strabismus leads to congenital pathologies of development or functioning of the brain.
Symptoms
Symptoms of friendly strabismus in childhood can be uncertain.One or even both eyes "swim" somehow aside or move smoothly (float).Such features of the work of the organs of vision are often observed in infants. At the child at the age of six months, the eye is stabilized, the effect of the "floating" eyes disappears. Behind the symptom of strabismus in babies is easy to take a peculiar location or a section of the eyes.
With a friendly strabismus, the eyes can be "mowed" alternately: the left, then the right eye. The degree of deviation from the correct position of the eyeball is approximately equal.
Possible complications
In the normal functioning of the organs of vision, the image of the observed object is combined into a single binocular image. In the presence of strabismus (strabismus) this can not happen, the central nervous system receives for processing two different images, no fusion occurs.To protect against this, the brain can begin to suppress the image "coming" from one of the eyes.
The eye "excluded" from the vision process ceases to function. Develops amblyopia, that is, a functional decrease in vision, in which one eye is practically not involved in the visual process.
Friendly strabismus develops in childhood. This pathology of vision can lead to a serious developmental disorder of other body functions.In connection with the lack of the possibility of a normal perception of the world(binocular vision)a child may not be able to properly evaluate objects in space.This can lead to a lag in mental and physical development.
Characteristics of children with visual impairment are described here.
Treatment
Modern methods of strabismus treatment:
Optical correctionwith the help of soft contact lenses or glasses;
Hardware procedures, increasing visual acuity;
Orthoptic and diplomatic treatment, aimed at the development of binocular vision.
Surgical intervention.
Strabismus will not pass with age "in itself". If a child has this problem, start treatment as early as possible.
Treatment of strabismus is effective until age 18, maximum 25 years. It is at this age that the complete formation of the organs of vision ends.
Ophthalmic clinics offer various methods for conservative treatment of this problem.The most effective methods are hardware treatment.They help to reduce amblyopia and restore "bridges" between the eyes. The main goal of conservative therapy is correction of various oculomotor disorders and restoration of impaired binocular vision.
For this, such devices can be used:
Sinofor;
Monobinoscope.
The duration of the course of treatment in each case is determined individually. The duration of treatment is most often 3 to 4 times a year.
Medication
Drug treatment is used as an auxiliary together with other methods of treatment. For this, drugs that reduce nystagmus or increase visual acuity can be used. It can be:
But-shpa;
Metazon;
Vitamins of group B.
This allows to increase the effectiveness of other methods of conservative or surgical treatment.
Surgically
In many cases, only conservative methods are ineffective, surgical treatment will be required. It can be:
Cosmetic surgery(aimed at eliminating external manifestations of strabismus);
Aimed atrestoration of full binocular vision.
After this, they begin to restore full stereoscopic vision.
Prevention
To find a friendly strabismus in time and start treatment, you need:
To attend preventive examinations at the ophthalmologist;
At the slightest suspicion, consult a specialist.
At the age of 1 year, it is undesirable to hang toys too close to the baby's eyes.This can provoke the tension of accommodation, which leads in the future to the development of strabismus.
.
Eye drops after welding
Eye drops with an antibiotic for children are described in this article.
What are the best lenses for glasses? http://eyesdocs.ru/ochki/podbor/ochkovyx-linz.html
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Video
conclusions
For the most successful elimination of strabismus, it is important first of all to establish the cause, which influenced the development of visual organs in children. It is extremely important to discover the problem at an early stage of development. This will prevent the development of serious complications, for example, reduced vision. If treatment is started at the earliest possible time, the risk of complications is reduced to a minimum.
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