How ophthalmic operations are performed

The human eye is a very complex organ, moreover it has small dimensions. Surgical operations on it are performed by a special, particularly accurate, miniature instrument. To date, a familiar "scalpel" in the surgeon's hand is a laser. In eye operations, other innovative technologies are used, such as high-resolution video cameras or flexible light guides.

Features of the event

Ophthalmic operations are carried out in those cases when other types of treatment have proved ineffective and it is not only about recovery, but also about preserving vision.There are cases when the contraindication to the use of medications is a strong allergic reaction of the patient.

Eye surgery is performed in ophthalmological centers or specialized departments of hospitals

Ophthalmic operations represent a separate direction in surgery - microsurgery of the eye. Operative intervention is carried out using a microscope through tiny punctures or cuts, which helps minimize possible complications, but completely eliminate them, of course, is impossible.

Most ophthalmic operations are performed on an outpatient basis and do not require the patient to be hospitalized. XSurgical intervention is performed under local anesthesia with minimal blood loss, so within a few hours the patient can go home.Hospitalization of the patient is required only in severe and complicated cases.

Kinds

There are many types of ophthalmic operations. Some of them are designed to remove any element of the eye, for example, removal of the vitreous or lens. Other operations, and most of them, perform corrective functions, allowing to restore or improve the vision that has suffered as a result of the disease.In addition, there is a certain group of operations that are performed with cosmetic purposes and do not bear any therapeutic and restorative functions.The most popular ophthalmic operations:

• Restoration of exfoliated retina with a laser;
• Glaucoma;
• Cataract;
• Transplant cornea;
• Blepharoplasty.

Laser coagulation or "welding" of the exfoliated retina is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia and the patient returns home the same day.

Treatment of glaucoma can be performed by laser or surgically.Both methods are based on sparing technology and the patient does not need to be placed in a hospital.

Removal of cataract is considered one of the most sought-after eye operations.The level of complexity of this procedure is determined by an ophthalmologist and, if necessary, the patient will have to spend some time in the hospital.

A corneal transplant is a complex operation that is performed under general anesthesia in an ophthalmic clinic or in the eye department of a hospital.

Correction of eyelids and removal of "bags" under the eyes is called blepharoplasty.This operation is carried out after 40 years, when negative changes become too noticeable. Most often it is used by public people: artists of the tetra and cinema, leading television programs, photomodels and, sometimes, political figures. The operation is not too complicated, but it should be done in a hospital setting.

Such surgical interventions are also carried out,as FRC and Lasik.They are aimed at correcting the eyesight with myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism.

Preparation of the patient

A few days before the scheduled operation, the patient should not take alcohol. Clothes, on the day of surgery, should be free and not deterring movement. Women can not use makeup. To relieve anxiety, the doctor can offer the patient sedatives.Do not carry out ophthalmic surgery for people with fever and with inflammatory processes in the body.Before the operation, the patient passes urine and blood tests. A biochemical blood test and a sample for clotting are done. Diabetics need to submit a certificate from a nephrologist about the absence of kidney pathologies.

The doctor should be warned about all the medications that the patient takes.If necessary, their dosage can be reduced. If the patient is taking aspirin or other blood thinning medications, then a few days before the operation, their intake should be discontinued. This is done in order to reduce the risks of possible bleeding.

When the patient is in the hospital, the medical sisters of the eye department are responsible for the preoperative preparation. The patient undergoes a full medical examination to determine possible contraindications to the operation. In the process of preparation for an emergency operation, the patient may be prescribed antibiotic injections and sulfonamides.On the day of the operation, the patient removes eyelashes and eyebrows, as well as flushing the eye with albucid.

Preparation of the patient for the operation

The phased process of

Each ophthalmic operation has its own successive stages.For example,cataract surgeryis carried out as follows. This procedure can be divided into two stages:

1. Lens removal.
2. Implantation of an artificial element.

First, drip anesthesia of the eye, on which the operation will be performed. Then the surgeon makes a small incision not exceeding 3 millimeters. The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with a substance that blocks the effect of ultrasound on the internal elements of the eye. A probe is then inserted into the hole, which is an ultrasonic radiator connected to the generator.

Under the influence of ultrasound, the lens is destroyed, and the remnants of the substance are removed by a special suction.After complete removal of the lens, an intraocular lens is implanted into the incision, which is made of flexible plastic and, when folded, easily enters a small incision. Inside the eye chamber, the lens is turned and fixed. After completing all the necessary actions, the doctor puts a seam.

Surgery to remove cataracts

Postoperative period and care of the patient

After surgical intervention in such a delicate organ as the eye, the patient's normal life can change for a while.Despite the fact that the operations are almost bloodless and are carried out according to the sparing technology, some rules must be strictly observed.First of all, you need to fulfill the requirements of an ophthalmologist. Much depends on the type of operation. The patient, during rehabilitation, requires complete rest and absence of external stimuli.These include noise, loud music and light.In addition, you must follow a certain diet. It includes cereals, fresh vegetables, lean meat and dairy products.

Recovery after eye surgery is associated with individual features of the body and the level of complexity of surgical intervention.Elderly people always need an afternoon nap.The first few days after surgery, you should stop reading and watching television programs.After removal of the lens, the following is contraindicated:

• Reception of alcohol;
• Hot bath or bath;
• Any physical activity;
• Doing sports.

You should not attend mass events and the first 2-3 weeks you need to wear dark glasses. Cosmetic means can be used not earlier than a week after the operation. Game sports associated with high loads are contraindicated throughout the year. All households should take care of the person who underwent eye surgery. Usually, the doctor gives advice on how to care for the close people of the patient. The rehabilitation period depends on their strict observance.

If in the post-operative period painful sensations do not pass, but intensify, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Reviews

A lot of feedback is for the operation to remove cataracts. Almost all patients note the fact that the operation is carried out quickly and painlessly. And poor people can count on a state quota.The operation to replace the lens can be carried out to people of any age, if there are no contraindications.During the laser coagulation, most patients noted only unpleasant, but quite tolerable, sensations. Many people remember with gratitude their doctors who returned their eyesight.

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conclusions

Eye operation is not only stress, but also a certain risk. Therefore, before choosing an ophthalmological clinic, you should carefully read the reviews of those who received medical care in this institution. Unfortunately there are physician-charlatans and in order not to regret later, it is necessary to get maximum information about the clinic.

Also, read about modern methods of diagnosing eye diseases - keratotopography and computer perimetry.