How to understand that a child has pneumonia

The main signs of pneumonia in children

Symptoms of pneumonia in children may differ from signs of infection in adults. Inflammation of the lungs, or pneumonia, impairs the quality of life of the child every 20 seconds.

Unlike adults, children who have pneumonia may not suffer from aching cough or fever and may have infection symptoms that are much more subtle to the definition.

Children are in a greater risk zone for pneumonia, since their immune system is not fully developed yet, and the protective functions of the body are weak.

In general, the signs of pneumonia in children vary according to age, but there are many factors judging by which it can be determined whether your child develops more or is just a runny nose.

How to identify pneumonia in a child in mild form?

Inflammation of the lungs, which is caused by certain bacteria, including mycoplasma and chlamydia, usually leads to more moderate signs of manifestation, not only among adults, but also among children.

The type of pneumonia known as atypical or ongoing pneumonia is common among school-age children.

Children with "walking" pneumonia may not feel sick to stay at home, but they may exhibit the following symptoms:

• Dry cough.
• Subfebrile fever.
• Headache.
• Fatigue.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is responsible for approximately 15 to 50 percent of all cases of pneumonia in adults, but its level is even higher among school-age children.

Therefore, the "walking" pneumonia, which most often develops at the end of summer and autumn, spreads from person to person.

Outbreaks of the first signs of pneumonia can brightly occur within groups that have close contact, such as schools or camps.Children who are already infected with the infection always bring it home and contribute to the common infection of the family without appropriate measures.

How is moderate pneumonia manifested in children?

Viruses cause most cases of pneumonia in preschool children up to five years of age and in infants over four months.

Symptoms of pneumonia in children are usually associated with other viruses and include the following:

• Angina.
• Cough.
• Subfebrile fever.
• Nasal congestion.
• Diarrhea.
• Loss of appetite.
• Lack of energy or fatigue.

Signs of pneumonia in children in severe form

Bacterial pneumonia is more common among school-age children and adolescents.

This type of pneumonia often develops more sharply and has more serious symptoms than the previous forms:

• Heat.
• Cough that produces yellowish or green mucus.
• Abundant sweating or chills.
• Reddened skin.
• Bluish shade at the lips or at the nail lodges.
• Hysterectomy.
• Labored breathing.

It is worth noting

Children with bacterial pneumonia usually look much more sick than those who have other forms of the disease.

Infants and infants may not show typical symptoms of pneumonia infection. It is also quite problematic to determine whether the children have a disease, because they can not tell their true state of health, unlike an older child.

The following signs of pneumonia in children may indicate pneumonia:

• A quick look.
• Lack of energy, melancholy and drowsiness.
• The cry is more pronounced than usual.
• He does not want to eat or eat small portions.
• Irritation and anxiety.
• Vomiting.

For the treatment of children who have only recently been hospitalized, antibiotics are often used, especially if the children have already had asthma or another chronic illness. The second method, which uses antibiotics - if children were not fully vaccinated against measles, chicken pox, whooping cough and seasonal flu.

The only way to know for sure is if the child has pneumonia - this is a visit to the doctor.A pediatrician or general practitioner can check for fluids in the baby's lungs using a stethoscope or an X-ray.

Paying due attention to the early symptoms of pneumonia in children, parents can avoid traveling to the emergency room.

However, pneumonia can progress very quickly among children, especially infants.

Two key signs that a child requires immediate medical attention:

• Increased temperature in the nostrils with breathing.
• Small children with pneumonia will breathe quickly. Doctors say that if you see that the abdominal muscles of a child work hard, it means that they have problems with breathing.

Treatment for pneumonia depends on what caused the infection and can fluctuate from outpatient treatment to surgery.

While certain antibiotics can effectively treat fungal pneumonia, medications usually Ineffective in treating viral types of pneumonia, which tend to be more moderate and undergo yourself.

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How can you determine pneumonia in a child?

Each parent sooner or later wondered: how to determine pneumonia in a child? This ailment in children manifests itself more often than other diseases. Intensive development of medicine over the past 50 years has been able to mitigate the impact and consequences of the disease.

Recovery of the child occurs in almost all cases (subject to timely treatment of parents to doctors). Inflammation of the lungs in most cases is caused by infectious causes. The most common factor is bactericidal viruses (pneumococci), which are a permanent refuge in the nasal cavities.

At the age of six, the disease is provoked by a hemophilic rod. A child of school age is exposed to chlamydia, mycoplasma, which is a viral source of such a pathology.One of the key tasks of the lungs is the oxygen supply of the body.The oxygen message in the body occurs due to the vascular channels that perform the transport task. The fulfillment of the responsible task occurs due to the alveoli (small sacciform regions of the lung). Under normal operating conditions, the alveoli do not disintegrate together on exhalation.

Pneumonia strikes precisely in these areas, filling them with products of the inflammatory process. The result of this process is a failure in the operation of the entire lung, as a result the body is harmed by inflammatory fluids.

Children were the first to feel the success of medical development in the fight against pneumonia. Relatively recently, this disease was considered a serious enemy of health and even the life of the patient. Today pneumonia as a disease with a fatal outcome is already nestrashna. However, a positive result of treatment is dependent on a qualitative, rapid diagnosis, respectively, correctly formulated therapy.

Factors provoking pneumonia in children

A group of factors causing the disease is headed by bactericidal viruses. The virus group of ARVI is not excluded (as the cause of pneumonia, and the means of transporting other viruses to the lungs). Separate cases of ailment can be provoked by fungal viruses or intracellular microbes.

The intrauterine pneumonia is not an exception. Viral microelements affect the amniotic fluid at the expense of the placenta at the time of fruiting or birth canals prone to inflammation. As a result, the newly born baby can already be sick with pneumonia.

Parents should be aware of how to recognize pneumonia in order to detect the disease in time.

Children's risk group

The following factors are characteristic of a group of children most susceptible to this disease:

• the weight of the child is small enough;
• during pregnancy, the mother suffered a viral, bacterial disease;
• anemia iron deficiency;
• heart malformation;
• rachitism;
• the affected nervous system;
• long period of stay in the stationary block.

In the latter case, the likelihood of pneumonia is very high. The causative agent of the disease in this situation is an aggressive flora with a negative reaction to antibiotic drugs.

Symptomatology of pathology

An experienced practitioner is able to establish the correct diagnosis of the disease, determine a successful course of treatment. In some cases, the diagnosis of pneumonia requires the results of an X-ray study. Do not be afraid to use a similar method of analysis, because the quality of the definition of an ailment is only will increase, which may well compensate for the negative impact of X-rays on the body the kid.

A person who has contracted pneumonia is troubled by the following symptoms:

• there is a cyanotic skin color, lips;
• lack of appetite;
• retraction of the soft tissues of the baby's breasts;
• a feeling of anxiety, increased drowsiness;
• Increased respiration (age before, month - 60 times a minute, month - 1 year - more than 55 times, 1-3 years - more than 40 times);
• the airways are hanging;
• temperature over 38º C for 2-3 days.

An extensive inflammatory process is expressed by shortness of breath, at which soft gaps between the ribs can be drawn inward. In the respiratory process, nasal, cervical muscle groups are involved. Children have a natural desire to sit down or raise their arms and shoulders higher.

This desire is explained by the fact that in such a situation the chest widens, the breathing is slightly facilitated. In parallel, there is a pale-blue hue of the lips, the edges of the nose. When this symptomatology develops, you should immediately apply to inpatient treatment, because the risk of death due to dysfunction of the central nervous system due to oxygen insufficiency.

Diagnosis of newborns

It is necessary to pay attention to the behavioral changes of the baby. There is lethargy, in rare cases - anxiety, capriciousness, loss of appetite. There are malfunctions in the respiratory processes: the rhythm is lost, the respiration is predominantly superficial, in which additional muscle groups are included. The temperature of the body increases, but in rare cases is quite high. The presence of a cough is uncharacteristic. There may be diarrhea.

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One-year-old, six-year-olds with pneumonia change in behavior, shortness of breath, high fever, loss of appetite, do not feel like drinking. A pale blue shade of the nose and lips appears at the last stage of the pathology. The presence of a cough is not always observed. Due to oxygen deficiency there is a high probability of diarrhea.

Using a phonendoscope, even a qualified doctor is not always able to determine the presence of pathology. This is the insidiousness of the disease. Any diagnosis of pneumonia is based on lung X-rays.

Treatment of the disease

The negative influence of pneumonia affects cardiac activity and a number of important organs. A serious complication may be the appearance of purulent cavities in the lungs.

The severe form of the disease requires in-patient treatment, but many patients with mild pathology cope with the disease at home. Often, a doctor can not diagnose pneumonia during a call to the house. In such cases, the child with the parents goes to the children's polyclinic. With effective in-patient treatment of the baby, the process is allowed to be completed at home (with the necessary requirements for the patient's maintenance). The superiority of treatment at home is in the child's own atmosphere, the probability of being infected again with a virus in the hospital is excluded. The hospital has many viral microorganisms that have developed a certain immunity for antibacterial drugs.

It is the use of antibacterial drugs aimed at fighting pneumonia. The mild form of the course of the disease is treated with prescribed penicillin preparations administered by mouth. The concomitant medication is macrolide. The second line of medicines does not need a prescription for the initial stages of therapy. Complex form of the disease requires the appointment of antibiotic injecting drugs. Using several injections, the doctor observes the patient's condition. In case of improvement of health and lowering of temperature less than 3, º C without the use of means for removing the heat of the introduction of antibiotics by intramuscular route is terminated, an oral method of taking medicines.

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When the temperature indicators of the baby returned to normal, the patient is recommended to sleep in fresh air (within reasonable temperature limits). Older children may go out three weeks after the disease, but only in the case of an effective treatment result, in the absence of key signs of pathology. If treatment has passed without special complications, specific rehabilitation exercises are not appointed.

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Inflammation of the lungs - symptoms in children

The phrase "pneumonia" and the term "pneumonia" are synonyms. But in everyday life people prefer to call the disease just pneumonia. The term "pneumonia" is used, first of all, by physicians.

Causes of pneumonia in children

Inflammation of the lungs is a fairly common disease, frequent in children due to the peculiarities of the structure of the respiratory system. As a rule, the disease is secondary, that is, a complication after the acute respiratory viral infection, influenza, bronchitis, intestinal infection, the cause of it are numerous bacteria, such as streptococci and pneumococci.

This is a common opinion. But not everyone knows that pneumonia can also occur after a fracture, after a severe poisoning and a burn. After all, lung tissue, in addition to the respiratory function, also performs blood filtration, neutralizing the decay products and various harmful substances that are formed when tissues die. Inflammation of the lungs in infants can also occur as a result of congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, and in newborns - due to the ingress of the amniotic fluid into the respiratory tract during childbirth.

Symptoms of pneumonia in children

In children, signs and course of pneumonia directly depend on age. The smaller the child, the less obvious they are, like older children. Any cold can develop into pneumonia due to the fact that the infant epithelium, lining the airways, has a loose, loose structure, and it easily hosts viruses.

Sputum, which is assigned the role of protector of lung tissue, ceases to perform its functions. It becomes more viscous, as the body loses fluid due to increased temperature, and begins to clog the bronchi, making breathing difficult. In the foci of obstruction accumulate pathogenic microbes, and in this place inflammation begins.

The temperature of the body can be in the range 3 ° - 3 °, but it can rise to 39 ° and higher.

A prolonged cough, at first dry, and then wet, is almost the main indicator of the disease. Sometimes there may be pain in the chest, but at an older age, an ache in the body.

So, if, against the background of a common cold, the baby persistently holds the temperature for more than three days, it is advisable to call a doctor who will direct the child to an X-ray. Because it is with his help that the diagnosis of "pneumonia" is made.

Treatment of pneumonia in children

As with the treatment of the bulk of colds, due consideration should be given to the conditions in which the affected child is in treatment of pneumonia.

The air should be cool and damp. If you do not have a household air humidifier, you can use the simple method of placing water containers in the room and hanging wet terry towels on the batteries. Air should in no case be overheated, because so much more liquid will lose the child. Daily wet cleaning should be done without the use of chemicals.

The drinking regime must be observed very strictly to avoid dehydration and intoxication of the body. You can drink any liquid in a warm form to your child.

The temperature is below 3 °, as a rule, does not get off, so as not to interfere with the production of interferon, which fights the disease.

Both bilateral and unilateral pneumonia in children are treated equally.

The main drug treatment for pneumonia is taking antibiotics. Assign them in the form of tablets, suspensions or intramuscular injections, depending on the severity of the disease.

Parents need to remember that pneumonia in children, especially the breast, is a serious illness. And, if it is treated incorrectly, it is fraught with complications. In general, the treatment of young children is carried out in a hospital.

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Signs of pneumonia in the child

Very often children's colds can be complicated by pneumonia. This is a very serious disease that is difficult to diagnose and treat, pneumonia can be different, they depend on which zone of inflammation is covered. The most common form of pneumonia affects children who have not yet reached the age of three, they are atypical flow, because children can not cough up phlegm and do not say in which area they feel pain. In young children, pneumonia is almost not audible, because children are restless, cry. It is very important to identify this disease in advance so that there are no serious complications.

Causes of pneumonia in children

Most often pneumonia occurs due to microbes - pneumococci. In children under 3 years old, pneumonia can cause staphylococcus, very rarely a chlamydial or microplasma pathogen, as well as pneumonia in children occurs due to several microbes.

Very rarely, children have pneumonia on their own, most often it is the result of a viral infection or a complication after the flu. This is due to the fact that the cold reduces immunity in the respiratory tract and immunity ceases to fight. Due to the fact that viruses affect the mucous membranes in the airways, microbes that are in the upper and lower the respiratory tract is not completely destroyed, begins to multiply more, and forms a microbial process and inflammation lungs.

Often, pneumonia runs the risk of getting sick of children who are very tired and overcooled when they have frozen their legs. The cold becomes complicated when the baby is surrounded by pneumococci and other microbes, both children and adults can bear them. Also, pneumonia develops if germs or other infectious foci, kidney or intestinal, have been introduced into the bloodstream. When lung tissue is dominated by heat and humidity, microbes rapidly multiply, and pneumonia develops.

Danger of pneumonia for children

For infants, this is a deadly disease, when microbes begin to enter the lungs, they begin to destroy tissues, and there may be swelling and inflammation. Thus, the permeability of the lungs to oxygen is violated, that is, the baby begins to suffocate, with This is a noticeable violation in the metabolism, from the tissues are removed carbon dioxide, and they are no longer supplied oxygen.

When there is inflammation, a lot of toxins start to appear, because of this in the child in the body there is intoxication and disrupted the general health, this further worsens well-being patient. It is important to consider how much tissue in the lung is affected, it depends on it, how serious the disease is.

Types of pneumonia in children

1. Focal pneumonia occurs when a small area of ​​the lung becomes inflamed.

2. Segmental pneumonia occurs when only a certain segment of the lung is inflamed, this lesion is more extensive than the previous one.

3. Fracture pneumonia is considered a very severe form, because breathing is disturbed, due to the fact that a large section of the lung tissue can fall out.

4. Very dangerous for the child is total pneumonia, it affects the entire lung, it can be of two types - one-sided and two-sided. This is a serious disease.

Pneumonia is characterized by the fact that the metabolism is disturbed, because the inflammation of the lung begins to affect all the systems of the body. Microbes at the same time secrete toxins, can affect the nerve tissue, while the mind is depressed and the person is overexcited. There may be hypoxia, because of this, blood circulation increases, while a person feels strong load on the cardiovascular system, because of this very much losing weight and he appears neurasthenia. It is very important to recognize the symptoms of pneumonia in time and start treatment on time, if it is not treated in time it can have serious and deplorable consequences for the child.

How is pneumonia manifested in children of different species?

Pneumonia depends on which area of ​​inflammation, if it is large and active, means the disease will be severe. Most often pneumonia in children is treated well.

Bronchopneumonia or focal pneumonia is a complication of ARVI, it can begin with the common cold, runny nose, cough and drowsiness, then the infection goes very deep. The virus begins to affect the bronchi, then the lung tissue, microbes join it and the disease worsens.

Signs of pneumonia in children

1. Sharp deterioration in the health of the baby.

2. The appearance of a very dry or wet cough that is deep.

3. There may be shortness of breath when sucking, crying and exercising, and even in a dream.

4. In the breath begin to participate thoracic cellular muscles.

5. The temperature rises from 38 to 39 degrees, and almost does not go astray.

6. If the baby has problems with immunity, there may be no fever and body temperature on the contrary decreases.

7. The body temperature with pneumonia lasts for several days, even after the active treatment has begun.

8. The baby is pale when examined, blue may appear around the mouth and nose.

9. The child is restless, does not eat well and sleeps a lot.

10. When listening to the bronchi can be observed hard breathing, this indicates the inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

11. Over the lungs small rattles are heard, they are damp, they do not disappear after the baby coughs.

12. In the heart there may be tachycardia, vomiting and nausea, stomach aches, a loose stool appears, because of this, intestinal infection also joins.

13. With pneumonia, the liver is enlarged.

14. The child comes in serious condition.

So, it is very important to diagnose the lung disease of a child in time and begin timely treatment, so you can get rid of complications and help the child cope with the disease. Diagnosis of the disease can be with the help of an X-ray, in the picture visible darkened areas of the lung, this indicates inflammation and tissue tightening. A general blood test has an increased amount of white blood cells, which also indicates an inflammatory process.

medportal.su

How to quickly identify pneumonia in the home?

How to identify pneumonia in the home? Pneumonia is a common infectious disease that affects the lung tissue. The inflammatory process develops in the alveoli and bronchi, leading to the appearance of pathological changes in them. Inflammation of the lungs is most common in children, but it is often diagnosed in adults. The causative agents of the disease are mycoplasmas, staphylococci and viruses. Depending on the type of microorganisms entering the lung tissue, the symptoms may vary.

Causes of pneumonia

Pneumonia occurs not only when it comes in contact with pathogens and viruses, it can also occur in bedridden patients with impaired pulmonary circulation. Therefore, the patient is often advised to turn over. This will help to avoid the formation of pressure sores that cause blood infection. The treatment takes about a month and includes the use of antibiotics, immunomodulators and restorative drugs, as well as physiotherapy. A good effect is given and some folk remedies.

The main signs of the disease are: pain behind the sternum, painful cough with sputum separation, severe fever, increased fatigue, pain in the muscles and joints.

If you have at least one of these symptoms, we recommend that you consult your doctor immediately.

Weakened immunity contributes to the rapid development of the disease, exacerbating its course of bad habits: smoking and alcoholism. The inhalation of tobacco smoke promotes irritation of bronchial mucous membranes. Other reasons for the development of pneumonia are: surgical interventions, chronic heart and vascular disease, endocrine disorders, malnutrition, poor environmental conditions. Inflammation of the lungs can be bacterial, viral and atypical. It can be quite difficult to understand what kind of disease the patient has. Signs of pneumonia can not be recognized, confused with the symptoms of colds and SARS. However, there are specific signs of how to recognize pneumonia.

How is pneumonia diagnosed?

So, let's figure out what to do if you are faced with such a disease as pneumonia, how to determine pneumonia? Clinical manifestations depend on the degree of damage to the lung tissue and the age of the patient. In children and older people, this disease is more severe. One of the characteristic signs of pneumonia is pain when coughing. Rare coughs eventually pass into a painful, debilitating cough. In addition, the body temperature rises sharply to 39-40 ° C and is accompanied by a fever. There are pains in the chest and stomach with inspiration, sneezing and coughing.

In the next stages of the disease, the patient experiences constant aching pain behind the sternum, breathing becomes more frequent. Sputum contains impurities of pus and has a yellow or brown color. When the temperature rises, the skin becomes dry and begins to peel off. Developing intoxication, which manifests itself in the form of rapid heartbeats and headaches. Dehydration begins.

In addition to the characteristic symptoms of pneumonia, there is a decrease in appetite, the appearance of an unhealthy blush on the cheeks, especially from the inflamed lung. Due to a strong decrease in immunity, stomatitis and eruptions on the lips may appear. Urine is released in small amounts and has a dark color.

In order to avoid serious complications, it is necessary to pass the examination and immediately begin treatment. Focal forms of the disease affect individual lobes of the lung and can occur without pronounced symptoms. Under the influence of some factors, focal inflammation can become aggravated and quickly capture the entire lung.

How to cure pneumonia on an outpatient basis? For proper treatment of pneumonia, complex therapy is required. The course of treatment is selected individually, depending on the causative agent of the disease and the main symptoms. Usually appoint several drugs compatible with each other. They can be picked up only by a doctor, in addition, in some cases, treatment should be adjusted.

Why take antibiotics?

Focal pneumonia, previously considered a fatal disease, with the help of modern antibiotics is completely cured. The main task of doctors is to select an effective antibiotic. Many pathogens of infection eventually become resistant to certain antibiotics, especially if they are not taken correctly.

Before the beginning of therapy it is necessary to hand over sputum for analysis. Sowing on nutrient media will help identify the causative agent of infection and select an antibacterial drug.

Light forms of pneumonia occur when the body gets mycoplasma, chlamydia and pneumococci. These pneumonia have their own characteristics, with the help of which doctors distinguish them from other forms of pneumonia. When pneumococcal infections are prescribed antibiotics penicillin series. If the disease is caused by mycoplasmas, antibiotics of the tetracycline series, fluoroquinolones and macrolides will be effective. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones are suitable for the destruction of chlamydia. The duration of treatment depends on how quickly the symptoms begin to subside. It is recommended to take antibiotics for at least a week.

How to remove phlegm?

An important part of the treatment is the excretion of phlegm from the lungs. Accumulation of sputum in the lungs promotes the multiplication of bacteria and aggravation of the course of the disease. Now, in the treatment of pneumonia, ambroxol is most commonly prescribed. This drug dilutes sputum without increasing its volume, activates bronchial peristalsis, which contributes to rapid excretion of sputum from the bronchi, stimulates the production of surfactant - a substance that prevents the gluing of the walls of the alveoli. Due to these properties, this drug can replace most mucolytics and antitussives. It can be used by inhalation or in the form of tablets and syrups.

A good effect in pneumonia is given by warming up and physiotherapy methods of treatment. They can be prescribed after lowering body temperature. At home, you can put banks and mustard plasters, carrying out these procedures in turn. Then go to the procedures conducted in the clinic. With pneumonia, UHF, electrophoresis with drugs, magnetotherapy, etc. are prescribed. In the recovery period, you can go through paraffin therapy and mud therapy. Exercise of respiratory exercises begins immediately after bringing the body temperature back to normal.

Folk methods of treatment of pneumonia

Reception of antibiotics can be combined with the use of such drugs:

1. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of St. John's wort and 3 tbsp. spoons of elecampane pour, l. boiling water. Broth boil on low heat for 30-40 minutes. Melt 2 cups of lime honey in a water bath. Add 1 cup of vegetable oil to the liquid honey. Then decoction of St. John's wort and elecampane strain and add to it the mixture of honey and butter obtained. Infuse the medicine in the refrigerator for 2 weeks in a glass container, then take 5 times a day for 1 hour. spoon. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
2. 250 g. of aloe leaves finely chopped, mixed with, l. Cahors and 350 g. liquid honey. Infuse for 2 weeks, strain and take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day.

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Rehabilitation of the patient

After treatment of pneumonia, it is recommended to eat a small piece of propolis daily, and also to inflate balloons. This exercise is necessary to increase the volume of the lungs and restore their functions.

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