How to treat pneumonia in adults

How to treat pneumonia in adults

Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) in both adults and children and the elderly requires timely adequate treatment, because otherwise it can lead to the development of severe complications. Correct treatment of this disease can be prescribed only by a doctor, after examining the patient and conducting the necessary studies.

Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed taking into account the conducted microscopic studies. In the event that microscopy or sowing were not performed, the patient is selected antibiotics, focusing on his age, epidemiological factors and severity of the disease.

In adults, this disease is treated in accordance with the concept of the so-called "stepwise therapy which implies a two-stage application of antibiotics. At the same time, as soon as possible, there is a transition of the introduction of the drug from the parenteral to the non-parenteral route (usually oral, ie through the mouth).

If a patient has pneumonia, the doctor, before giving him treatment, will determine the severity of his condition. As a rule, all people who have symptoms of pneumonia are divided into several groups.

1. The first group includes patients younger than 60 years who do not have severe concomitant pathologies, and the disease proceeds without complications. Their treatment takes place at home under the supervision of a local doctor. Of antibiotics, they are usually prescribed drugs from the group of penicillins or macrolides.
2. The second group includes patients older than 60 years who have comorbid pathologies (hypertension, diabetes, chronic alcoholism, renal or heart failure, etc.). To treat pneumonia in such patients is accepted antibiotics, belonging to the group of protected aminopenicillins, as well as third generation cephalosporins. It is best to treat not at home, but in the hospital, to avoid the development of complications.
3. The third group includes people of any age in whom the disease is severe and there is a high risk of complications. In order to assess the severity of the patient's condition, the doctor draws attention to the following symptoms: shortness of breath, cyanosis, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension and a temperature above 39 degrees.

Regardless of whether the out-of-hospital or nosocomial pneumonia is involved, the patient should be hospitalized or transferred to the pulmonology department. For therapy, drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) are used. It is necessary to identify the pathogen that caused pneumonia.

Pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic therapy of pneumonia in adults is aimed at alleviating and eliminating its main symptoms. So, when the temperature rises above 3 degrees, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesil, aspirin, indomethacin, Nurofen) are used. Used thinning sputum and facilitating her expectoration of the drug (marshmallow, licorice, ambroxol, lazolvan, solvine, fluimitsil, fluditik, haliksol, ATSTS, Mukaltin and bromhexine).

For the purpose of detoxification therapy, the patient, if necessary, may be given intravenous fluid injection, for example, haemodesis. Also, the patient may be prescribed antihistamines, drugs that simulate local and general immunity, ascorbic acid and B vitamins. In severe cases, cardiac glycosides, analeptics, etc. are used.

Physiotherapy, which is performed in adult patients, can reduce inflammation, as well as restore the ventilation function of the lungs. This treatment promotes the acceleration of resorption of the inflammatory infiltrate, reduction of the bronchial obstruction, activation of alveolar-capillary transport and increase in the level of nonspecific resistance organism.

Physiotherapy

With pneumonia, you need to be treated not only with medication, but also with the help of physiotherapy exercises. Simple exercises are a good prevention of complications. Beginning to practice is recommended already from the first days of illness. At first the patient should change position in bed more often.

Do not lie on the side that hurts, it is better to change position more often, lying down on a healthy side and on the back. For 3-4 days you need to begin respiratory gymnastics. For this, the patient must lie down, put his hands on his stomach and take a deep breath. Exhale should be slow, while pulling the abdominal muscles. Repeat this exercise should be 15 times 5 times a day. It is possible to supplement such breathing exercises with other movements, for example, with tilts and rotation of the trunk.

Care and Nutrition

If the patient is at home, then he should be carefully looked after. If he sweats, you need to change the bed linen and bed linen. It is worthwhile to provide the patient with a special spittoon where he will expectorate sputum.

The room in which it is located should be regularly ventilated and held in it by wet cleaning. The person should have personal hygiene items and cutlery. If he has signs of complications, it is worthwhile again to see a doctor.

The food should be high in calories, but it is necessary to exclude from the diet difficult to digest products (for example, too fatty). Every day you need to eat fruits and vegetables. Abundant drink will help to increase the excretion of phlegm and prevent the development of dehydration against the background of high temperatures. The patient should drink about three liters a day, alkaline mineral water, fruit juices and various fruit drinks will suit.

Folk methods

Those who are treated at home often use various folk remedies, having consulted their doctor in advance. You can use, for example, a decoction of raisins. For its preparation, half a glass of dark raisins are passed through a meat grinder, poured a glass of boiling water and pressed on fire for 10 minutes. Then decoction is filtered, squeezed and drunk three times a day until recovery.

And also the treatment with folk remedies often includes the use of a decoction of figs. To make it, you need to pour a couple of dried figs with a glass of cold milk and boil on low heat for 15 minutes. The received drink should be taken a glass a couple of times a day. Folk remedies for poorly departing sputum are hazelnuts, which the patient can eat in large quantities.

Duration of treatment

Many patients are interested in the question of how long the treatment lasts. In each case, the duration of therapy is determined by the doctor individually. If there are no complications, then taking antibiotics continues for another three days after the temperature normalization.

ingalin.ru

How much time is pneumonia treated?

Many people are interested in the actual question: how and how much is pneumonia treated? Such a disease, as pneumonia, is called inflammation of the lungs in another way. This disease has an infectious nature, and the lesion in this case concerns the lung tissue.

It can be noted that this disease is really serious and dangerous. According to statistics, approximately 5-6% of people who die with pneumonia die.

What are the symptoms of this disease?

The symptomatic of pneumonia consists in the similarity of the symptoms of pneumonia with other diseases, such as, for example, acute respiratory infections or bronchitis.Therefore, knowledge of the main symptoms for determining the onset of pneumonia is simply necessary.Such symptoms include:

• • the appearance of dyspnea (is a constant sign of pneumonia);
  • elevated body temperature (which indicates that inflammation has begun and the organism of the patient with pneumonia is exposed to intoxication);
  • the appearance of a cough with the release of sputum (this sign appears with pneumonia almost always);
  • chest pain (especially from the side);
  • deterioration of the general condition of the patient, which can be severe or moderate.

  According to these signs, you can independently note the symptoms of pneumonia, however, in order to correctly diagnose and start treating the disease, you need to contact clinic, where for accurate definition of inflammation the thorax is taped by a doctor, an x-ray is made to view the condition of the lungs, and special analyzes.

Treatment of pneumonia with symptomatic and pathogenetic means

Symptomatic way of treating pneumonia is used to eliminate and alleviate the main symptoms of the disease. With this type of treatment, usually the funds needed to reduce heat, and possibly the use of mucolytic drugs. The sickness of pneumonia needs to be lowered only in the case when there really is an acute necessity, that is, at a temperature that has risen above 39 degrees (in adults), or when the patient is in severe condition.

To withdraw phlegm from the bronchi, usually use mucolytic drugs. In addition, some mucolytic agents have the property of increasing the activity of antibiotics, which is important in the treatment of pneumonia. The use of mucolytics such as Ambroxol, ACS or Carbocysteine ​​has an auxiliary effect against pneumonia, with the appointment of the attending physician and the time of taking these medications.

The basis of therapy for pneumonia is the treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics. Execution of gas exchange function in the body is taken away from the lung tissue. The air enters the tissues and organs through a complex system of tubes of different diameters and the overcoming of the alveolocapillary barrier.

Bacteria and viruses affect and affect the alveolar tissue in the event that the lung tissue is inflamed. Therefore, an accumulation of infiltrative fluid occurs in the lumen of the acini. This makes the gas exchange process more difficult, as a result of which a part of the tissue falls out of the respiratory process.

Pathogenetic is called treatment, aimed at eliminating those changes in the airways that triggered pneumonia.

There are several types of diseases that are classified in connection with the size of pathological foci:

• Focal (the process occurs in one or affects several alveoli);
• segmental (a lesion of the whole segment occurs, which in its composition has a large number of alveolar lobes);
• shared (with the inflammatory process of the whole pulmonary lobe);
• croupous (completely pulmonary fields from both sides are affected).

All these forms imply specific changes in lung tissue.

How long do they treat pneumonia?

Treatment of pneumonia can be carried out both in medical institutions and at home. With this disease, it is necessary to assess the severity of pneumonia. This is the determining factor in order to predict the duration of treatment, to prescribe the right drugs. Therefore, the period during which a patient with pneumonia will be treated in a hospital hospital is determined precisely by the severity of his illness.

There are many factors that may become the basis for hospitalization of the patient. For example, patients who for some reason do not have the opportunity to take medications as required by the scheme and schedule of treatment for pneumonia are hospitalized. Before hospitalization of a patient, the severity of pneumonia is usually established, for which a chest x-ray of a patient suffering from pneumonia is performed.

Immediately after radiography, the difference in physiological indications is considered, that is, the pressure, pulse state and breathing rate of the patient are checked. If an acute disturbance of consciousness occurs, hypoxemia, there is an infection that accompanies the disease (such infection may be symptoms meningitis or endocarditis), or if there are suspicions of concomitant diseases of the heart, liver, then mandatory hospitalization patient. Tumor formations also belong to the listed factors.

The duration of the general period of hospitalization is affected by the form of the disease, the fidelity of the selected medication and how the patient reacts with pneumonia to prescribed medications. On average, in the normal course of the disease, if treatment is given due attention, and with therapy that is successful helps the recovery, the length of time that the patient spends in the hospital ward is between two four days. But, nevertheless, under certain circumstances, the attending physician may not stop hospitalization, for in order to continue monitoring the course of the disease and to treat pneumonia more intensively course.

With mild forms of pneumonia, the patient usually stays in the hospital hospital for no more than two days, after which he leaves home on the third day and can continue to be treated independently. As for the forms of pneumonia, which are generally considered complicated, their treatment can be much longer, about nine to ten days.

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The disease is treated taking into account the type of pneumonia and the original cause of the disease.

Prevention of pneumonia

In therapy, antibiotic preparations are mainly used, which are given in accordance with the age of the patient and his condition. If pneumonia does not take a complicated form, and the treatment was performed correctly and with the most suitable drugs, then the prognosis of the treatment of pneumonia is usually quite favorable. Most often, patients suffering pneumonia, full recovery occurs within three weeks, sometimes within a month.

To prevent a disease such as pneumonia, or more simply, for the prevention of pneumonia, medical experts usually recommend tempering the body in various ways, to stop taking alcohol and stop smoking tobacco products.

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In addition, it is desirable to often ventilate the premises in which there is a lot of time, that is, a study and rooms in the house. It is necessary to carefully monitor the nutrition, which should be balanced, and lead a healthy lifestyle. Sport is also a good preventive tool to strengthen the immune system and prevent the onset of pneumonia.

respiratoria.ru

Inflammation: symptoms in adults and children

• Croupous inflammation
• Chlamydial inflammation
• Treatment

Among the most dangerous diseases of the respiratory system in the first place is pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs occurs in people regardless of age and can cause serious disruption to the body and even death.

Pneumonia is classified according to a number of signs:

• According to the etiological sign, the disease occurs:
  • virus;
  • bacterial;
  • mycoplasmal;
  • fungal;
  • mixed.
• According to clinical and morphological manifestations, the disease can be:
  • croupous;
  • focal;
  • interstitial;
  • parenchymal;
  • mixed.
• In the course of the disease, pneumonia is distinguished as:
  • sharp;
  • acute prolonged;
  • atypical;
  • chronic.
• In the spread of the inflammatory process, pneumonia happens:
  • one-sided;
  • two-sided;
  • focal;
  • total;
  • share;
  • sub-division;
  • basal;
  • draining.

Inflammation of the lungs in adults occurs by infection of the alveoli and bronchial epithelium.

The development of the disease occurs within 2 - 3 days, after which there are symptoms on which it is possible to diagnose pneumonia.

The disease often occurs against the background of a weakening of the defenses of the body.

This can contribute to the following factors: hormonal changes in the body, frequent colds, malnutrition, constant intoxication.

Symptoms of pneumonia in adults are almost always similar to the appearance of a cold or flu.

If the high body temperature lasts more than 5 days and does not decrease with the use of paracetamol, you can suspect the presence of pneumonia.

The main manifestations of pneumonia are:

• increased body temperature;
• cough, at first the disease is dry, with development - with abundant phlegm;
• dyspnea;
• increased fatigue, weakness;
• fear caused by lack of air;
• pain in the chest.

Depending on the type of pathogen, the symptoms of pneumonia are acute or occasionally. It is very important to determine the presence of a serious disease on time, and begin treatment. It is not always the usual examination of a doctor can reveal pneumonia. To clarify the diagnosis, you need an additional examination in a medical facility.

It is especially difficult to determine the latent or chronic form of pneumonia. And yet an experienced doctor can diagnose it according to the following symptoms:

• the appearance of a patchy blush on the cheeks;
• sweat on the forehead with a slight load;
• constant thirst;
• the occurrence of pain in the chest when turning the body;
• painful sensations with deep breath;
• uneven, intermittent breathing;
• frequent pulse.

Inflammation of the lungs in adults and children varies in risk factors. The disease develops for the following reasons:

• In adults:
  • weakened immune system;
  • smoking;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • diseases of the bronchopulmonary system;
  • frequent colds;
  • poor-quality food;
  • general anesthesia during surgical interventions;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • heart failure;
  • old age;
  • forced prolonged immobility.
• Children:
  • supercooling or overheating;
  • frequent acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis and other diseases of the respiratory system;
  • birth trauma;
  • Congenital heart defect;
  • hereditary immunodeficiency;
  • hypovitaminosis;
  • hypertrophy;
  • chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx.

In children and adults, the symptoms of pneumonia also have differences. In a child, they are usually the least pronounced.

• If for an adult a high body temperature is a frequent symptom, then in children, pneumonia is not necessarily accompanied by fever. Sometimes children endure this disease, as they say, "on their feet."
• With the development of pneumonia caused by streptococcal infection, children do not develop fibrin in the cavities of the alveoli. Thanks to this, after recovery, breathing is fully restored.
• Symptoms of pneumonia in children are often similar to those that appear at the initial stage of bronchitis: dry cough, hoarseness.
• A loose stool, a lack of appetite, a frequent cough, a blue around the mouth against a catarrhal disease or inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx - a good reason for examining the child for pneumonia.
• Cough is the main symptom of the disease in both children and adults.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia in adults: symptoms of croupous inflammation

Pathogens - streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, Klebsiella. The inflammatory process occurs both in the whole lobe of the lung, so in its segments. The onset of the disease is acute: high fever, chills.

The development of the disease occurs in four stages.

1. Stage of the tide. There is a sharp hyperemia of the lung tissue and the patency of the capillaries in the affected areas is impaired.
2. Stage of red curing. The number of leukocytes in the alveoli increases. The affected lung becomes denser.
3. The stage of gray curing. In the lumens of the alveoli, a large amount of fibrin accumulates, which complicates the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
4. The resolution stage. Degraded infiltrate in the alveoli.

Symptoms of croupous pneumonia:

• increase in body temperature up to 40 Celsius;
• dyspnea;
• cough;
• confusion of consciousness;
• weakness;
• Rusty sputum;
• pain in the chest.

Symptoms of viral pneumonia in adults

It develops against the background of viral infectious diseases. Pathogens - influenza viruses, parainfluenza, measles, chicken pox, adenovirus. Symptoms are similar to the manifestation of colds:

• high body temperature;
• severe headache;
• shortness of breath;
• pain in the chest;
• nausea, vomiting;
• pain in the muscles;
• coryza.

Possible bloody discharge or pus in sputum.

Symptoms of radical inflammation of the lungs in adults

Pathogens - staphylococcus, pneumococcus, hemophilic rod. The peculiarity of the ailment lies in the fact that it is difficult to diagnose. The disease has 2 forms: tumorous - proceeds imperceptibly and slowly; inflammatory - manifests itself quickly.

The main symptoms are:

• coughing;
• sore throat;
• increased body temperature;
• an increase in leukocytes in the blood.

For the diagnosis of this type of pneumonia, an X-ray scan is required.

Symptoms of Chlamydial Inflammation of the Lung in Adults

The causative agent is chlamydia. Most often affect the genitourinary system of the body of men and women. Chlamydia pneumonia is atypical and occurs mainly in children. In adults, it can develop against a background of reduced immunity. It is similar in appearance to an ordinary cold.

The main symptoms are:

• the temperature rises to 3, - 38 Celsius;
• a sharp sharp cough;
• strong weakness;
• a hoarse voice;
• can develop into bronchitis.

Symptoms of fungal inflammation of the lungs in adults

The disease was provoked by fungal infections: candidomycosis, blastomycosis, streptotrichosis, actinomycosis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis. The most dangerous pneumonia, as it is very difficult to diagnose. The patient may not even suspect the presence of fungal inflammation of the lungs. Fungi damage the lung tissue, forming cavities in it.

The main symptoms are:

• cough;
• fast fatiguability;
• dyspnea;
• presence of pus in sputum;
• muscle pain.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia in older adults?

• there is no acute onset of the disease;
• the temperature is raised slightly;
• drowsiness, weakness, apathy;
• significant shortness of breath;
• tachycardia;
• a blush on one cheek;
• painful sensations in the chest during breathing.

The development of pneumonia in this category of persons can be accompanied by concomitant diseases:

• emphysema of the lungs;
• pneumosclerosis;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Especially dangerous is the development of pneumonia in acute vascular insufficiency. In this case, emergency care is needed, since there is a possibility of septic shock and pulmonary edema.

Inflammation of the lungs in people with alcohol dependence

People who are prone to excessive drinking alcoholic inflammation is particularly difficult.This is due to strong intoxication of the body. Possible manifestation of various psychoses:

• visual and auditory hallucinations;
• disorientation in space and time;
• excessive overexcitation;
• inadequate behavior.

Chronic form of pneumonia occurs if the disease is treated in an untimely and inappropriate manner. It is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• a cough with purulent discharge;
• deformation of the chest;
• hard breathing;
• hypovitaminosis;
• inflammation of the nasopharynx and mouth;
• changes in blood composition;
• tachycardia;
• decreased immunity;
• intoxication of the body.

Treatment of pneumonia in adults

In most cases of pneumonia, the doctor diagnoses on the basis of the clinical picture of the patient's illness and the X-ray.

In some cases, we can talk about the etiology of the disease before carrying out the relevant bacteriological studies.

Depending on what kind of pneumonia, symptoms and treatment in adults differ.

The main component of the treatment are drugs aimed at fighting the pathogen. The remaining drugs are aimed at removing the symptoms of pneumonia.

If not severe pneumonia in adults, in-patient treatment is provided. It consists of the following measures:

• taking medications that dilate the bronchi for sputum discharge;
• reception of antibiotics, antiviral drugs for fighting the pathogen of pneumonia;
• the passage of a course of physiotherapy;
• performance of exercise therapy;
• compliance with diet, abundant drink.

In severe cases, the patient is shown hospitalization.

Medication for inflammation of the lungs in adults includes the following drugs to kill infection and relieve symptoms:

• For the treatment of infection:
  • penicillins: amoxiclav, ampicilli, xacilli, arbenicillin;
  • aminoglycosides: gentamycin, kanamycin;
  • Lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin;
  • macrolides: sumamed, clarithromycin;
  • carbapenems: thienes, meronem.
• Symptoms:
  • corticosteroids - to relieve inflammation;
  • mucolytics - for sputum expectoration;
  • antipyretics - to reduce temperature;
  • bronchodilators (list of drugs) - for cough and breathing;
  • antihistamines - to relieve allergies;
  • drugs that remove intoxication;
  • vitamins - to strengthen the body and improve immunity.
• Concomitant treatment of pneumonia in adults includes the following procedures:
  • UHF;
  • inhalation;
  • UFO;
  • electrophoresis;
  • paraffin therapy;
  • pneumomassage.

Known in Russia, Dr. Komarovsky believes that along with antibiotics and cough tablets, physiotherapy procedures for the treatment of pneumonia are no less important. During the exacerbation, the patient needs to take medication and adhere to bed rest.And after the state of health improves, the result of treatment should be fixed by various auxiliary procedures.

For the treatment of pneumonia, folk remedies are widely used. Healing plants, fruits and roots are recommended for making beverages, inhalations, compresses. Many recipes of traditional medicine can be found on forums in the topics of discussion of the treatment of pneumonia.

Emergency care for pneumonia in adults includes the following activities:

• oxygen therapy - with severe respiratory failure;
• injections of non-narcotic analgesics - with severe pleural pain;
• anti-shock therapy - with toxic shock;
• psychotropic drugs - in case of mental disorders in people with alcohol dependence;
• detoxication therapy - with severe intoxication.

Inadequate treatment of pneumonia can cause the following complications:

• destruction of lung tissue;
• pleurisy;
• obstruction of the bronchial tree;
• acute heart failure;
• the spread of infection through the bloodstream (sepsis);
• meningitis;
• pulmonary edema;
• septic shock.

Prevention of pneumonia in adults:

• strengthening immunity;
• hardening of the body;
• timely treatment of colds;
• timely treatment of caries;
• to give up smoking;
• frequent wet cleaning and airing of the room;
• avoidance of hypothermia.

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gajmorit.com

Symptoms of pneumonia in an adult. Treatment of pneumonia

The acute infectious pathology, which is characterized by the destruction of lung tissue, is called pneumonia. Such a disease is more commonly known as pneumonia. There are many varieties of disease. And all the symptoms of pneumonia in an adult depend on the form of pathology. Understanding such a subtle nuance is an effective key to its treatment.

Brief description of the disease

Pneumonia develops if the infectious and inflammatory process, localized in the respiratory system, extends to the connective tissues of the lungs and the alveoli. Of course, this greatly affects the functioning of the body. After all, the part of fibrin and blood sweat in the alveoli. The patient is hampered by normal breathing, a violation of gas exchange is developing.

The disease can manifest itself in different ways. From the area of ​​the lesion and the localization of the focus depends on the symptoms of pneumonia in an adult. Sometimes intoxication develops. Coagulability of blood can be impaired, bronchial passability worsens.

Despite the rapid development of modern medicine, pathology is quite common. And even today it can lead to death. Therefore, one should know the symptoms of pneumonia in an adult. After all, it is very important to identify the disease in time and start an adequate treatment.

Causes of the development of ailment

In general, the inflammation of the lungs occurs due to the action of microorganisms:

• bacteria (streptococci, pneumococci);
• viruses (pathogens of influenza, parainfluenza, rhinoviruses);
• fungi (aspergillus, histoplasm).

In addition to the above, in the development of pathology can take part special types: legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma. It is the latter group that provokes the development of atypical pneumonia in adults.

But even if the pathogen has entered the body, a person does not necessarily develop pathology. Symptoms of pneumonia in an adult will only appear if there are factors that reduce immunity.

These include:

• any chronic pathologies (diseases of the urinary system, blood circulation, oncology, liver diseases, HIV infection);
• bad habits;
• mechanical trauma to the lung area;
• complete immobility, prolonged hypodynamia;
• inefficient nutrition (lack of minerals, vitamins);
• occupational hazards;
• debilitating physical exertion;
• fatigue, neurosis, chronic stress;
• elderly age;
• taking certain medications (immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, hormonal drugs);
• penetration of chemical agents in the respiratory tract.

Common signs of illness

Symptoms of pneumonia in an adult are divided into:

• typical (pulmonary);
• atypical (extrapulmonary).

Of course, it is very problematic to diagnose ailment at home at home. However, if you know the common features with which a dangerous pathology manifests, it is quite possible to distinguish it from banal ARVI.

But it should be understood that the following are the general symptoms of pneumonia in an adult.

So, to pulmonary signs carry:

1. Cough. Often it is moist, with abundant sputum. However, the elderly can be observed dry.
2. Dyspnea. Its occurrence is associated with physical activity. As a rule, it is moderate.
3. Pain. Patients experience severe discomfort in the sternum, exactly in the place where the inflammation occurred. When the pneumonia is localized in the lower parts of the lungs, a person experiences symptoms of diaphragm irritation. Pain occurs in the abdomen.
4. Rattles are heard, rapid breathing.
5. In the case of effusion into the pleural cavity of the fluid, the patient develops acute pain, intensified after coughing, shortness of breath, severe discomfort during movement or deep inspiration. In some cases, a violation of hemodynamics may develop: the pressure will decrease, the pulse will become more frequent, hypoxia will develop.
6. The nasolabial triangle acquires a cyanotic shade.

Like many infectious diseases, pneumonia leads to intoxication. In this case, extrapulmonary symptoms are observed.

These include:

• hyperthermia;
• deterioration of the condition: a decline in strength, weakness, fatigue;
• headache, discomfort in the joints and muscles.

However, it should be understood that the clinical picture will be quite diverse in such pathology as pneumonia. Symptoms in adults, treatment depends on many factors. Among which: the causative agent, the mechanism of the development of the disease, the conditions of the onset and course of the disease, the spread of the process, the presence of complications, the severity.

Types of pathology

There are several classifications. Let's consider some of them.

If you take into account the causative agent of the disease, then distinguish the following types of pneumonia:

• bacterial;
• viral;
• mycoplasmic;
• fungal;
• mixed.

According to the mechanism of development, the disease is classified as follows:

• primary (independent disease of the respiratory system);
• secondary (complication of some pathologies);
• posttraumatic;
• postoperative;
• infarct-pneumonia (triggered by pulmonary artery embolism or thrombosis).

In the prevalence of the inflammatory process, pneumonia can be:

• one-sided;
• two-sided.

Depending on the course of the disease, the following forms are distinguished:

• sharp;
• protracted;
• chronic.

Classification by prevailing defeat:

• parenchymal pneumonia (cereal, lobar);
• focal (bronchopneumonia, lobular);
• pathology with connective tissue damage.

Consider the most common species. We will analyze what causes pneumonia symptoms in adults, treatment of the disease and the main features of the pathology.

Viral disease

This pathology has its own peculiarities. However, in its pure form it is extremely rare. In adults, viral-bacterial pneumonia is most often diagnosed.

As a rule, pathology is a complication of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza. If viral pneumonia is diagnosed, the symptoms in adults are as follows:

• muscle pain;
• runny nose, nasal congestion;
• fever;
• general tiredness;
• headache;
• cough with whitish transparent phlegm;
• chills;
• pain in the sternum, worse with deep breaths, coughing.

Asymptomatic pneumonia

In some cases, there may be inflammation of the lungs, which is not manifested by virtually no signs. This pathology is characterized as a latent form of the disease.

Pneumonia without symptoms in an adult is a dangerous condition. As a result of the absence of characteristic signs, the necessary treatment is not carried out. And this, in turn, can lead to quite unpleasant consequences.

In addition, a person does not even suspect that he is contagious, and leads a normal life. The danger lies in the fact that he continues to infect other people.

A latent form of pneumonia can develop as a result of reduced immunity, the intake of certain medications (antitussives, antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids).

And still, one can suspect a pathology by the following symptoms:

• pallor of the skin, mucous membranes;
• shortness of breath;
• a rapid pulse;
• fatigue, weakness;
• an unusual blush;
• wheezing.

Croupous pneumonia

In pathology, a whole lobe of the lung is affected. Sometimes the inflammation spans several lobes. The development of croupous pneumonia is triggered by pneumococcus. The causative agent is highly pathogenic. Therefore, there are severe symptoms of pneumonia in adults: with temperature, intoxication of the body.

The following signs of ailment are characteristic:

• chills;
• hyperthermia (up to 39 degrees Celsius);
• cough (first 2 days - dry);
• pain in the sternum stitching;
• "Rusty" sputum due to veins of blood (appears on day 3);
• shortness of breath.

In case of complication of the pathology, skin hyperemia, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, herpetic rash on the chin, cheeks, nose, pressure decrease, wheezing in the chest are observed.

Focal pneumonia

Such a disease is characterized by a gradual, barely noticeable beginning. In this case, there are symptoms of pneumonia in adults with a temperature of 38-39 degrees.

The disease manifests itself by the following signs:

• the temperature rises to febrile;
• weakness;
• cough with phlegm;
• sweating;
• dyspnea;
• painful syndrome in the chest with inspiration, cough;
• hard breathing;
• acrocyanosis.

Atypical form of the disease

Sometimes symptoms of pneumonia in an adult without temperature are observed. This form is provoked by atypical microorganisms:

• mycoplasma;
• legionella;
• chlamydia.

Atypical pneumonia can cause and viruses, fungi, protozoa. Symptoms of pneumonia in an adult without a temperature are very similar to a cold.

The main signs of the disease:

• weakness, fatigue;
• headache;
• stuffy nose, runny nose;
• dry cough, significantly worse at night;
• a sore throat;
• shortness of breath, wheezing;
• nausea, vomiting.

However, if the pathology is provoked by the legionella microorganism, then the temperature may rise. For pathology, a strong cough is characteristic. A somewhat different clinic is observed if it is provoked by chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia. Symptoms in adults without temperature are a characteristic manifestation of such a pathology.

This form of illness is susceptible to:

• smokers;
• living in the general closed premises (barracks, hostels);
• people with weakened immunity;
• patients suffering from chronic lung diseases;
• children;
• young people.

Radical pneumonia

This is a very serious form of pathology. Symptoms of radical pneumonia in adults may not appear for a long time. But at the same time very often lead to dangerous consequences. The insidiousness of the pathology lies in the difficulty of diagnosis. After all, the focus of inflammation at the root of the lung is localized.

The disease proceeds much brighter than a simple pathology. It should not be forgotten that the radical pneumonia is very dangerous. Symptoms and treatment in adults should be observed by a doctor. After all, if the therapy is wrong, the risk of complications is high.

Symptoms are characterized by the following symptoms:

• wheezing in the lungs;
• severe cough (dry or with a lot of sputum);
• elevated temperature, not confused by drugs;
• discomfort in the throat, pershenie;
• coryza;
• weakness, chills.

The main method of combating pathology is antibiotic therapy. If the treatment is chosen correctly, then the patient becomes much easier already for 2-3 days. Often used and fizioprotsedury.

Treatment of ailment

The approach to combating the disease must be comprehensive. The basis of treatment is made up of antibiotics. Preference is given to the penicillin drug. However, in a number of cases, other medicines may be prescribed.

The most popular antibiotics used to treat pneumonia are:

• "Augmentin".
• "Amoxicillin."
• "Cefazolin."
• "Amoxiclav."
• "Cefatoxime."
• "Azithromycin".

In addition, symptomatic therapy is prescribed. The patient is recommended expectorant drugs, restorative drugs, antipyretic drugs. Depending on the form of pathology, mucolytic, antimicrobial medications are prescribed.

If there are symptoms characteristic of a form such as SARS, symptoms in adults without temperature, then antibiotics are selected depending on the bacterium that caused the ailment. As a rule, the following drugs are prescribed:

• "Erythromycin".
• "Azithromycin".
• "Tetracycline."

Conclusion

Any form of pneumonia today is successfully cured. But the main thing is to consult a doctor in a timely manner and fully comply with the prescribed treatment. The implementation of such simple rules will give a quick recovery. Health to you!

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Antibiotics for pneumonia - which medications are effective. Treatment of pneumonia in adults and children with antibiotics.

Inflammation begins immediately with pain in the chest with breathing, a strong cough with sputum, a fever. The disease urgently requires hospitalization. The patient is shown bed rest, a special vitamin nutrition, and the main component of the therapeutic process is the treatment with antibiotics.

What is pneumonia?

Inflammation of the lungs in people called pneumonia. It is an infection of the lower respiratory tract with an incubation period of 2 to 10 days, in which pulmonary tissues are involved. There are several types of disease:

1. Atypical. Called chlamydia, legionella, mycoplasmas, that is, an atypical microflora.
2. Aspiration. It arises from the ingress of water, food or foreign objects into the respiratory tract.
3. Hospital. The disease develops while the patient is in the hospital.
4. Community-acquired. Occurs as a complication after a viral infection. Often is the cause of mortality due to a strong decrease in immunity.

New generation antibiotics help to avoid the complication of pneumonia, in which lung abscess, empyema of the pleura, pneumothorax and other serious diseases can develop. The most serious consequence of pneumonia is respiratory failure. This pathology develops in patients with other chronic diseases or in elderly patients who do not receive adequate antibiotic treatment. Often, failure leads to death.

Antibiotics for pneumonia

Given the acute course of the disease, broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs are prescribed without waiting for laboratory tests. Doctors distinguish three degrees of severity of inflammation of the lungs. At the mildest stage, the organism becomes intoxicated (weakly expressed), the patient's body temperature does not exceed 38 ° C, the heart beats in a normal rhythm. Consciousness of the patient remains clear, and with the X-ray study, a small focus of inflammation is seen localizing in the upper lobe of the lung.

At a severe stage, the body temperature immediately increases to 39 ° C, tachycardia (moderate), intoxication, on X-ray pronounced infiltration. The heaviest degree of pneumonia (pleuropneumonia) is characterized by a body temperature of 40 ° C, the patient raves, suffers from shortness of breath, intoxication is pronounced. Prescribe antibiotics for pneumonia, given the following factors:

• stage and severity of the disease;
• toxicity of drugs;
• contraindications;
• a possible manifestation of allergy;
• spectrum of antibiotic action;
• speed of penetration into the body of the medicine;
• the rate of development of bacterial resistance to this drug.

Penicillins

The first antibacterial drugs that quickly penetrate into tissues and liquids, so they are used for congestive pneumonia. If the causative agent of inflammation are staphylococci or streptococci, then treatment with drugs of this type is effective. When pathology occurs for a different reason, then other antibiotics are prescribed. Penicillins are administered orally (tablets, suspensions) and through injections (injections). Penicillins include:

• Amoxicillin;
• Mesocillin;
• Flemoxin.

Tetracyclines

A group of drugs used in the treatment of pneumonia is becoming less common. Their instability to the action of microorganisms and the ability to accumulate in tissues is the cause. Tetracyclines have many contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age under 7 years, kidney disease. Famous representatives of this group of antibiotics:

• Tetracycline;
• Doxycycline.

Cephalosporins

Actively act on all the bacteria of the cocci group, have excellent antibacterial properties to gram-negative and gram-positive flora, affect microorganisms that are resistant to drugs penicillin group. Among the adverse reactions, allergy is evident. Intravenous or intramuscular route of administration is used. The antibiotics of this group include drugs:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Cefonucid;
• Ceftithoxime.

Macrolides

This group of antibiotics for pneumonia is used to neutralize chlamydia, legionella, cocci. Macrolides are well absorbed, but food can slow down the process. Side effects and allergic manifestations are extremely rare. Contraindications include liver disease in patients. Representatives of this category of drugs:

• Sumamed;
• Erythromycin;
• Clarithromycin.

Aminoglycosides

They act on gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. They are used when the inflammation of the lungs is caused by several kinds of bacteria, so therapy is prescribed together with antibacterial or antiviral drugs. For example, the action of antibiotic Amikatsina in atypical pneumonia will strengthen antibacterial Metronidazole. When joint admission should be observed at the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidneys (excretory capacity). Representatives of the group are:

• Gentamicin;
• Iepamycin;
• Neomycin.

Fluoroquinols

Medicines actively affect the E. coli, Legionella. To date, fluoroquinolones are one of the leading places in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. These are broad-spectrum drugs with the ability to penetrate deeply into tissues. Resistance of microorganisms to fluoroquinols rarely develops due to structural changes in DNA and permeability of the bacterial wall. Known antibiotics of this group:

• Ofloxacin;
• Pefloxacin;
• Chlamploploxacin.

How to treat pneumonia with antibiotics

What to take antibacterial drugs solves only the doctor. Self-treatment of pneumonia in the home can lead to death. Antibiotic therapy is conducted no more than 10 days, since many drugs are toxic. With bilateral pneumonia, treatment can be prolonged for a longer period. The specialist takes into account the general condition of the patient, his age and the dosage form of the drug. You need this dosage of antibiotic in the blood so that it is effective at a given degree of the disease.

In adults

After 18 years of age, antibiotics are prescribed for pneumonia in a dosage calculated individually. An adult doctor can prescribe the use of both a single drug and antibacterial agents in several groups. Most drugs are used in ampoules, because some modern drugs, for example, Ceftriaxone, are not available in tablets. In addition, experts argue that antibiotics are more effective if they are stabbed, not consumed.

If there is no therapeutic effect after 3 days, the doctor should replace the medicine with another group of antibiotics. It is often not recommended to change preparations too, so as not to develop the resistance of microorganisms to them. When the cause of inflammation is the virus, then immunomodulators are additionally prescribed:

• Grogrinosine;
• Amiksin;
• Arbidol.

Children

Especially dangerous is the child's pneumonia, because it arises hidden after the transferred ARVI, and not as an independent disease. The child becomes sluggish, loses appetite, there are coughing, wheezing, high fever. The basis of children's therapy, too, are antibiotics, which are administered parenterally. Kids are prescribed natural and semi-synthetic penicillins or macrolides, in which the duration of treatment lasts no more than 5 days. Pre-pediatricians make a test for sensitivity to a child's prescribed antibiotic.

Video: Treatment of pneumonia with antibiotics

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