Hemianopsia: the nature of the origin and methods of elimination

There are diseases of the visual apparatus that can not only reduce visual acuity, but also distort the image, limit the field of view.Hemianopsia belongs to a number of such pathologies, as it helps to reduce the human visual fields. Since this disorder seriously affects the performance, and its causes - on the health of the body, it must be identified and eliminated on time.

Definition of disease

Hemianopsia (second name of hemiopia) is a pathology of the visual apparatus, which has neurological nature and characterized by a reduction in the fourth part or half of the visual field patient.

Falling out of the fields can also be accompanied by a distortion of perception of colors and colors, as well as a decrease in visual acuity.

Reducing the visual fields very often signals the presence of a serious vision apparatus. Therefore, the treatment of such violations should be immediate.

Types and Classifications

The disease can have a right-sided or a left-sided type. In some cases, affects both eyes at once.Currently, the following types of hemianopsia are distinguished:

• The monotonous form.At an anopia the person can not perceive the right or left parts of a field of vision. The homonymous hemianopsia. occurs due to a violation of the cortex of the lobes of the brain in the occiput and can be either left or right.
• Heterogeneous.With this form of pathology, a person loses susceptibility to the temporal or nasal area of ​​the field. Can be full, partial and square.
• Bitemporal.The most common form, characterized by a violation of the upper or lower fields simultaneously in both eyes.
• Binasal.It is characterized by the disappearance of the nasal area of ​​the field and can be located both on one side and with two at once.

Causes

The prerequisites for the onset of the disease are usually closely related to its forms.Today, the following main reasons stand out:

• Basal meningitis;
• Neoplasms of various types, located within the skull;
• Inflammation, abscess;
• Hypertension;
• Exhaustion, deficiency of vitamins, minerals and nutrients in the body;
• Heavy head herbs;
• Thrombosis of eye retinal capillaries;
• Disorders of blood supply and blood circulation of the brain;
• Aneurysm, disruption of the arteries of the brain.

The most dangerous cases of the disease, in which the causes of clipping of the fields of vision are violations in the brain and the emergence of tumors.

Symptoms

The main symptom of the disease is the loss of visual fields (by classification) and various image distortions.However, there are other signs that can significantly affect the quality of life of the patient:

• Constant headaches, dizziness;
• Abnormally high degree of skin sensitivity;
• Violation of speech;
• Nausea, vomiting.

A person who has this pathology loses the ability to lead a habitual way of life, concentrate on work and navigate in space.It becomes difficult for him to move around and the whole process of his life activity is accompanied by quick fatigue.

Possible complications

The occurrence of complications is associated with the severe consequences of a lack of treatment or its insufficient effectiveness.In this case, the progression of the disease and the capture of all large areas of the visual field up to complete blindness are likely. In addition, with time develops atrophy of the optic nerve, which is almost impossible to stop.

Atrophy of the optic nerve as a complication of hemianopsia

In addition, complications can also give diseases-prerequisites for the development of hemianopsia, especially if they are associated with serious disorders of the choroid of the eye and brain.

A positive result on the quality of sight can even have symptomatic treatment. However, in order to get rid of the disease completely, therapy must be comprehensive.

Diagnostics

If the pupils of the eyes enter the lesion area, one can test their response to the light beam.However, only this procedure is usually not enough.In addition to this, the following measures are necessary:

• Ultrasound examination of the organs of vision;
• Tomography (including with the use of computer technology);
• Agniography (for the definition of affected areas);
• Radiography.

Important in the survey may be the results of some tests and medical examinations in other specializations (neurologist, oncologist, therapist and others).Without fail, the ophthalmologist should also familiarize himself with the patient's medical history and conduct a detailed interview.

Treatment

The purpose of the method and plan for the therapy of hemianopsia usually depends on the diagnosed form of the disease and the stage of its development, as well as the causes of its occurrence.The forecast can be different. It depends on the following factors:

• Severity of the disease;
• Age of the patient;
• Features of the body;
• Duration of disease progression;
• Treatment plan.

In most cases, the forecast is favorable.With effective therapy, it is possible to fully restore visual functions or stop the development of disorders.

Medicines

Treatment of distortion of fields of vision in hemianopsia is almost impossible with the help of medications.Ophthalmologists usually prescribe only restorative medicines and vitamins, as well as medicines that improve blood supply and circulation. However, medical treatment can be subject to diseases that have become the cause of the appearance of anomalies. In particular, this applies to hemianopsia due to stroke.

Surgically

As a rule, a surgical operation can be indicated in the event of any malignant and benign tumors.Also, some kinds of abscesses may be subject to surgical treatment. At the same time, risks and likelihood of complications should be determined. Chemotherapy and physiotherapy, eye exercises can also be indicated.

The hemianopsia does not always give in to treatment. Then, in this situation, the patient has to adapt to the acquired quality of vision.

Prevention

The disease of this type can not be diagnosed at an early stage, so the best way to fight it is the use of preventive measures.To avoid serious consequences, the following recommendations should be followed:

• Avoid hypothermia of the head (especially in the cold season);
• Observe the rules of hygiene;
• Provide yourself protection from encephalitis in the seasons of its activity;
• Observe the basic safety rules both at work and at home;
• In time, get rid of all diseases associated with neurology;
• Strengthen the body and immunity, lead a healthy lifestyle.

To prevent the occurrence of a pathology with a 100% guarantee is almost impossible. However, preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of this anomaly and serious health problems.

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conclusions

The hemianopia is a dangerous disease for the visual apparatus. It can significantly limit the activities and opportunities of a person, deprive him of his capacity for work, cause unpleasant symptoms.However, even more dangerous to health may be the causes of this anomaly. Therefore, treatment is preferably complex and timely.Of particular importance in this regard is the use of preventive measures.