Medications for sinusitis in adults with antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis sometimes become the only solution to the problem, because they help get rid of the infection or the virus and, thus, "clear" the maxillary sinuses from accumulated pus. Treatment should appoint a doctor who will choose the optimal drug depending on the course of the disease and the patient's condition.

Genyantritis (maxillitis) - a very common disease, which is of an infectious nature and is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses. This is a kind of sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses. The main reasons for the development of maxillitis can be viral and bacterial infections that cause a prolonged runny nose, usual hypothermia, fungal infection, complication of the flu or ARVI, various allergic factors.

Common symptoms are headache, fever, facial hypersensitivity, soreness in the eye and forehead, and abundant discharge from the nose. Inflammation provokes a violation of the outflow of secretion, which is secreted by the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, which, in turn, leads to the development of the disease. Under the influence of pathogenic microbes, the mucus turns into pus. If the genyantritis is not treated, it will go into a chronic form.

Symptoms are smeared, but with pronounced sensations in the form of tension or pressure in the area of ​​the inflamed sinus, profuse secret secretion from the nose, difficult respiration, as well as headache, which is aggravated with head inclinations, or pain giving to the teeth, there is every reason to believe about the development of the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

As a rule, the cause of the disease is a pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic bacterial flora. To treat this disease, antibiotics are used in various forms - tablets, sprays, nasal drops, and also ampoules for injections. To determine the most suitable antibacterial agent, it is necessary to conduct a special study to determine the sensitivity of the causative agent of an infection to a particular antibiotic. Usually, the doctor sends the patient to the procedure for taking a bacterial swab of a nasal smear. Based on the result of the analysis, you can choose the drug to which the pathogen will be most sensitive.

Treatment of the disease is usually prescribed, if during the first 7-10 days the use of other methods (washes, inhalations, instillations of the nose) did not give the desired result. Modern antibiotics can save a patient from sinusitis in just a few days. They can be released in various medical forms: in the form of tablets, sprays, drops, solutions, injections. The doctor can prescribe the taking of several drugs at the same time to alleviate the patient's condition and accelerate the recovery process.

The choice of an antibiotic from a genyantritis is best entrusted to the skilled medical expert, - self-treatment can not give results. So, for example, if the development of maxillitis caused some fungal infection, taking the medicine may become ineffective. In this case, you need to "connect" antifungal drugs, as well as corticosteroids.

When treating a disease in chronic form, it is necessary to conduct a study to identify the true cause of the disease. It can be pathology in the adenoids, curvature of the nasal septum and even banal caries. Only by eliminating the main cause of pathology, you can continue to fight its consequences.

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in adults

Before starting medication, you should consult an experienced medical professional. It is he who will assess the severity of the disease and select the most appropriate drug.

Treatment in adults takes place when there is an acute course of the disease, or the chronic form has caused serious complications. In some cases, the patient is placed on inpatient treatment. He is prescribed bed rest and treatment with effective antibacterial agents. In most cases, intensive therapy produces positive results, and the patient quickly goes on to recover. In severe situations with complications, punctures of the maxillary sinuses are applied.

Usually, macrolides, penicillins and cephalosporins are used to treat adults. These include: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox, Cephazoline, Macropen, Ceftriaxone (often used to neutralize the acute phase), Cyphran, etc. The selection of an antibacterial agent depends on the general condition of the patient, the degree of complications associated with maxillitis, and other factors. Usually the course of treatment is no more than 7 days. If necessary, intramuscular injection should be a special test for sensitivity. The chronic phase is treated, as a rule, by penicillins, in particular, by Augmentin. From chronic forms get rid of longer - on average, such treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Any skin rashes may indicate an allergy. In this case, the medication should be discontinued and consult a doctor to decide on the choice of an alternative remedy. Often together with antibiotics, antihistamines and corticosteroids are prescribed, whose action is aimed at reducing edema, reducing inflammation and preventing allergies.

The most effective at treatment of a genyantritis at adults for today are considered cephalosporins. Already on the second day after their administration, a significant improvement in the patient's condition is observed, unpleasant symptoms disappear, breathing is facilitated.

The choice of antibacterial agents today is quite extensive, but the purpose of treatment should be done by an ENT doctor. So, he can attribute antibiotics in the form of tablets, powder for the preparation of injections, sprays, suspensions and drops. The most effective forms of release of antibacterial agents in medical practice are considered to be injectable solutions. Without a qualified consultation of a medical specialist, treatment will not produce the desired results and will practically be meaningless.

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in children

Antibiotics for sinusitis for children's treatment are used only in rare cases, with the advanced stages of the disease, which have passed into chronic forms when it comes to serious dangers for life of the child. The fact that drugs of this type can have a very negative impact on the health of the child in the future, because often affect the liver and disrupt the intestinal microflora. The optimal dosage form of an antibacterial drug is selected depending on the age of the child. It can be both tablets and injections.

How to recognize sinusitis in a child? The main symptoms of this disease in most cases are puffiness of the face, a headache that increases with corners or head inclinations, prolonged cold for more than 7 days, accompanied by severe nasal congestion and runny nose, reappearance temperature.

Antibiotic is selected taking into account the state of the baby, the course of the disease, as well as the complications that have appeared. Typically, doctors recommend modern topical antibacterial drugs. Their advantages are in the localization of active agents directly in the foci of infection. One of the most common and effective drugs of local action is Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. These are polypeptides that are available in the form of oral and nasal inhalers and only work in the field of application - on the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, suppressing the focus of infection. In addition, these drugs have a minimal amount of side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox or its analogs usually does not exceed one week. But children up to, they are contraindicated.

Among the classic drugs used to treat children's maxillitis, we can mention sprays, nasal drops, suspensions and ointments. When diagnosing "catarrhal sinusitis therapy is most often performed with a single medicine that has a wide spectrum of action. In addition to taking antibiotics, in the complex treatment of the disease, other pharmaceutical preparations are used, as well as rinsing of the nasal passages on the basis of folk prescriptions, compresses and inhalations. Treatment with antibacterial and effective auxiliaries in most cases is positive.

Rates of antibiotic treatment for sinusitis

The course of treatment can take from 1-2 weeks and longer (up to 2 months), it all depends on the degree of infection. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed by a doctor with severe intoxication of the patient's body. If the situation so requires, the drugs are administered intramuscularly. At the same time to reduce the swelling of the mucous membrane in the nasal passages instilled modern vasoconstrictors (Sinuforte, Naftizin, Galazolin, Sinupret, Sanorin, Nazol). Aerosols inhalation have a special effect.

In case of emergency, apply a puncture of the maxillary sinus and its washing with antiseptic solutions with further administration of antibiotics. With prolonged form of the disease, antimicrobials are given in the form of tablets or injections. To this end, macrolides, azalides, beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), as well as fluoroquinolones, are used. Usually, after 2-3 days after the beginning of admission, the patient shows a significant improvement in the condition, but if this did not happen, the doctor must choose another antimicrobial drug that is more effective against the pathogen disease. The choice of the drug is mainly carried out after the laboratory determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to the active substance.

Systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for moderate and severe forms, as well as for determining the streptococcal nature of the inflammatory process. The course of treatment is strictly individual in each case.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

Antibiotics for genyritis of a new generation - macrolides and cephalosporins of the 2nd generation - are considered in our time to be the most effective drugs that have found wide application in modern medicine in cases where penicillins do not give positive dynamics in treatment patients.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis from the group of so-called. "Cephalosporins" - Cefuroxin, Cefotaxime, Tsecefoksitin, Tsefahlor, Tsefeksim - in their structure resemble penicillins, however, unlike the latter, not only inhibit development, but also completely destroy pathogens bacteria.

A group of macrolides - for example, Azithromycin, Macropen, and tetracyclines, are highly effective in treating even the most severe forms. The course of treatment is usually 5 days, and Macroben is able to suppress a bacterial infection in just three days. Unfortunately, along with the powerful effect of drugs of macrolide group on pathogens, their negative impact on the human body is observed. For this reason, these antibacterial drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, as well as small children. With special care are assigned to patients who suffer from acute or chronic gastritis, because of the negative effect of drugs on the gastric mucosa. In such situations, patients are prescribed local drugs with less pronounced side effects.

Of the modern antibacterial agents of local effects, Isofro and Bioparox can be noted. They have a powerful bactericidal action against bacteria that cause infection of the upper respiratory tract, and are able in just a few days to remove symptoms - stuffiness in the maxillary sinuses, debilitating rhinitis and obstruction respiration.

Antibiotics for genyantritis penicillin series are considered the most sparing in relation to the human body. These drugs, for example, include Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin and Augurmentin, which have proven effective in the treatment of acute disease.

Tablet forms

Antibiotics for sinusitis are available in different forms, but most often in tablets that have a general effect. To date, both powerful and modern medicines are used, as well as the old generation, which have been trusted and tested by time. Tablet forms not only actively fight the causative agent of infection or the virus, but also prevent the development of dangerous complications, such as meningitis, middle ear inflammation or otitis media. Only 3-5 days of antibiotic therapy will bring relief and eliminate the cause of the disease.

Tablets that are used to treat acute forms are Macropen, Flemoxin Solutab, Sietrolide, Augmentin, and others. If the penicillin group is intolerant, tetracyclines or macrolides are prescribed to the patient: Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin and others. When choosing the most suitable antibiotic, the doctor must take into account the features of the disease course, the patient's condition, as well as the results of the tests (sowing from the nose). It is important to choose the right and effective remedy, since a weak antibiotic may not have the desired effect. Since the study to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to an antibacterial agent is sometimes a long period of time (up to 2 weeks), in the treatment of possible empirical (selective) administration of antibiotics.

Often, the tablet antibiotic is given to the patient in combination with topical preparations - drops and sprays for the nose. Usually, vasoconstrictors are instilled, and then spray or drops are used. It is important to entrust the treatment to an experienced doctor, since self-medication with selected tablets at random will not give an effective result. Sometimes the use of just drops and sprays also does not have a positive effect. Compulsory is the combination of antibiotics with antihistamines, the action of which is aimed at removing allergies and reducing edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Among these are Suprastin, Dimedrol, Tavegil.

Antibiotics for genyantritis in pregnancy

Antibiotics for sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) are prescribed in cases of acute disease, or when the disease has passed into a chronic form and has caused complications in the form of purulent discharge. To diagnose this disease in pregnant women, methods such as classical ultrasound, diaphanoscopy, and thermal imaging are used, since X-rays to prospective mothers are prohibited.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy are used only in cases of the development of an acute form of the disease. The most common are Azithromycin, Agumentin, as well as cephalosprosins of the 3rd generation. Doctors can prescribe to future mothers Spiramycin - is considered the safest in pregnancy, but only in extreme cases, when other methods of treatment do not give the desired results.

It should be noted that pregnant women are not very desirable to take antibiotics in the form of tablets, especially in the first months of bearing a baby. Therefore, the alternative to the tablets are other procedures, in particular, the introduction of antibacterial agents of local action (Isofra, Bioparox) directly into the maxillary sinuses. In combination with antibiotics, modern antihistamines are often prescribed, the action of which is aimed at reducing the swelling of the mucosa.

Often doctors prescribe vasoconstrictive nasal preparations for pregnant women (Pharmazoline, Otilin, ForNos, Nazivin, etc.), which reduce the mucosal edema and well clear the apertures of the maxillary sinuses. However, their appointment is carried out only in case of emergency.

A pregnant woman should never be engaged in self-treatment maxillitis, tk. this can lead to unpleasant consequences and even dangerous conditions. After all, any medicine in pregnancy, and especially antibiotic, is used in extreme cases, when potential use of its use exceeds all possible dangers and risks for the future mother and her child.

Local antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of sinusitis can be systemic and local. Local antibiotics are available in the form of a spray, which allows the drug to penetrate into the paranasal sinuses and act directly on pathogens. Most often, in combination with local, systemic drugs are prescribed, the action of which is aimed at purifying air cavities from pus and mucus. Only under such conditions, local drugs will have an effective effect.

Of the nasal sprays of antibacterial action that are used in modern medical practice, we can note the following:

• Isophra. Nasal spray, which contains framicetin from the group of aminoglycosides. Spray effectively destroys the bacteria that cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It has virtually no side effects, except for a possible allergic reaction. The active substance - framicetin sulfate - is not absorbed into the blood. However, if after a week of treatment the illness does not pass, it is necessary to cancel this antibacterial agent.
• Bioparox. The active substance is fusafungin. Produced in the form of an aerosol for inhalation and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Fusafungin penetrates into the blood in minimal amounts, so the use of this drug does not cause any danger. In addition, Bioparox virtually no side effects, but it is not recommended for children up to 3 years.

Sprays with antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis in the form of sprays usually occur in a complex combination with other ENT-drugs (in particularly, corticosteroids) and are used both in the treatment of acute forms, and in chronic course disease.

A distinctive feature of a spray based on an antibiotic is that it does not enter the bloodstream system, does not have a negative effect on the microflora of the intestine, but fights directly with the focus of inflammation. Of drugs that perfectly match and have an effective effect on microorganisms and bacteria that cause maxillitis, you can identify Phenylephrine and Polidex. In addition to the rapid liquefaction of mucus, these drugs relieve swelling, and also actively suppress the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

Polidex contains three main medicinal substances - polymyxin, neomycin and dexamethasone. Thus, it can be called combined, because he has several pharmacological effects. According to the instructions for use, Polidex has a pronounced bactericidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of various ENT complications.

The spray should be effective and promote rapid suppression of the inflammatory process. In this regard, Bioparox and Isofra are well established. Both sprays cope well with the main causes of the disease, eliminating foci of inflammation in the nasal passages, and have a non-aggressive effect. It should be noted that the use of such drugs should not be too long and frequent. This can cause addiction to the action of active substances. In addition, the thinning of the walls of the vessels of the nose is observed under the influence of antibiotics. This can lead to hemorrhages at sharp jumps of arterial pressure.

Often together with sprays, spray mucolytics are used that dilute mucus in the maxillary sinuses, increasing the access of oxygen to the affected areas, and also effectively cleans the nasopharyngeal cavity from pus. Of these sprays, mention may be made of Rinoflumucil, which has a mild vasoconstrictor effect. Another popular spray - Sinuforte - provides accurate drainage of the maxillary sinuses. It is not absorbed into the blood, while ensuring the integrity of the epithelium of the mucosa.

From sprays based on corticosteroids, which are used in complex therapy along with antibiotics, it is possible to isolate Nosonex, Nasobek and Baconase. They actively remove the swelling of the mucous membranes by affecting certain cells of the immune system. After irrigation with such sprays, burning in the nasal cavity is usually observed, but other negative manifestations (dry nose, nosebleeds, etc.) are extremely rare. It is not recommended to take sprai-corticosteroids for small children and pregnant women.

Antibiotics in the form of a spray should be prescribed by a doctor, since the effectiveness of the drug consists both in the correct selection and the competent use of the drug. The attending physician should take into account the individual condition of the patient, the course of the disease, its severity and other factors. As a result, a set of therapeutic measures, appointed by an experienced skilled physician, will lead to a rapid recovery. Uncontrolled use of any means to treat maxillitis, including antibiotic-based sprays, can cause various negative consequences.

Nasal antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis can take the form of tablets, sprays, and also nasal drops. Most often the doctor prescribes drops with antibiotics, it helps to overcome the infection in record time.

Nasal potassium is prescribed for local action, which consists in the destruction of pathogenic microflora and suppression of the inflammatory process. In addition to Bioparox, Isofra, nowadays Polydex and Dioxydin are in great demand.

• Polydex is an effective spray or a drop for the nose. One of the active ingredients - phenylephrine - facilitates nasal breathing due to vasodilating action. Local effects limit the number of side effects - they are very rare in the form of nausea, dizziness, headache. Another substance that is part of Polideksa - dexamethasone - has a pronounced anti-allergenic effect. The combination of such antibacterial substances as polymyxin and neomycin, expands the range of its use and increases its effectiveness.
• Dioxydin - contains, in addition to the antibiotic, adrenaline and hydrocortisone hormones. It is used both for washing the maxillary cavities, and for instilling the nose. It has narrow therapeutic indications; therefore, when taking it, it is necessary to observe the recommended dosages and not to exceed them in order to avoid the appearance of toxicological properties.

In maxillites in combination with antibiotics, oil-based drops containing extracts of herbs are often used, such as Sinuforte and Sunipret. These drops gently envelop the nasal mucosa and have not only antibacterial, but also anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effects. Plant components, which are present in the composition of such droplets, have an immunomodulatory effect.

Any nasal drops in case of their frequent or prolonged use can cause:

• allergy;
• addictive;
• bleeding at pressure surges;
• thinning of the walls of the nasal passages and other negative consequences.

With extreme caution, drops should be taken by hypertensive patients, as well as people with thyroid dysfunction. In pregnancy and lactation, the use of such medicines is prohibited.

Modern drops with an antibiotic are characterized by abundance and the possibility of choosing the optimal medication. Among the most common can be identified isofru, Polidex with phenylephrine, Bioparox (fusafungin), Dioxydin. Before use, it is necessary to rinse the nose well. To this end, you can use brine. For its preparation should be dissolved 1 hour. a spoonful of large rock salt in a glass of slightly cooled boiled water.

The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs in drops should be brought to an end, even despite the first signs of improvement. Typically, this course of therapy is 5-7-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Long-term administration of drops can lead to the development of drug resistance to the drug, as well as cause various unpleasant symptoms, including allergies.

Drip drops should be in the prone position on the side. In this case, you need to dig in the nostril, which is located below. After instillation it is recommended to remain in the same position for several minutes, so that the drops penetrate well into the maxillary sinuses. After 2-3 minutes, you can instill a second nostril.

Names of antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used to suppress the inflammatory process and destroy the source of the disease. Among the pathogens may be streptococcus, fungus, hemophilus rod, staphylococcus and various types of bacteria. Accordingly, in such cases, drugs of the penicillin series are used.

The most popular names are:

• Ampicillin. An effective medicine with a wide spectrum of action and a pronounced bactericidal effect. Quickly stops the reproduction of bacteria. The greatest effectiveness of Ampicillin in the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, respiratory system diseases, as well as gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.
• Amoxicillin - a modern derivative of Ampicillin, possesses the best absorption in the intestine and is capable in large concentrations accumulate directly in the maxillary sinuses, thereby providing an even greater efficiency.
• Flemoxin soluteba - another effective derivative of Ampicillin, has a pronounced activity against pathogens and is widely used in the treatment of diseases of the ENT organs.
• Augmentin and Amoxiclav - combine Amoxicillin and clavulonic acid. They have increased effectiveness and are alternative, which are used to treat infections that are resistant to Ampicillin.

In addition to drugs of the penicillin series, it is necessary to note the ani-biotics, belonging to the class of macrolides. They are non-toxic and widely used in cases where penicillins are not effective: •

• Clarithromycin,
• Zitrolide,
• Azithromycin,
• Sumamed,
• Macropean.

They also have a wide spectrum of action and are capable of slowing down the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria, expressing activity in relation to anaerobes, mycoplasmas, intracellular microorganisms, ureoplasmas, chlamydia, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes. They differ in the ability to penetrate directly into the cells, thereby showing increased activity relative to the intracellular pathogens of the disease. The highest concentration of macrolides is observed in the focus of inflammation, which greatly increases the effectiveness of such drugs.

In cases of bacterial infections of a severe degree, including maxillitis, cephalosporins - a group of antibacterial drugs that have a low toxicity and have a high efficiency:

• Cefuroxime,
• Cefotaxime,
• Ceftriaxone.

All of them have an excellent antibacterial effect, they have proven themselves in the treatment of infections of the ENT organs, respiratory tract, peritonitis, as well as sepsis, bacteremia.

Another group - fluoroquinolones - also provide a pronounced bactericidal and antimicrobial effect. These include:

• Ofloxacin,
• Ciprofloxacin,

which are highly active, are capable of destroying the DNA of bacterial cells and inhibiting the multiplication of pathogens. These drugs are used in diseases of ENT organs, various infections of the respiratory tract, abdominal cavity, pelvic organs, etc.

Of the local medicines can be noted Polidexu, Bioparox, Isofro. They are available in the form of drops and sprays. They have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and have an effective effect on the pathogenic flora. It must be remembered that the appointment of antibacterial drugs must come from a doctor who will do this on the basis of the results of the analysis, as well as subjective and objective research.

Macropen

Macroben today takes the leading place among other antibacterial drugs. It belongs to macrolides and is able to exert an active influence on many different bacteria, including those that show resistance to other antibiotics, for example, penicillin series. Thus, Macropen can be considered a new generation drug.

Effective in the treatment of chronic forms and is able to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The dosage form is tablets or granules for the preparation of a suspension. Enough intake of 1-2 capsules per day, and after 3-4 days the patient will feel considerable relief, the disease will begin to recede.

With prolonged therapy with Macropen, there is a need to monitor the activity of liver enzymes, especially if the patient has pronounced violations of the liver.

Certainly, Macropean has contraindications. Among the main ones are children's age up to 3 years, the period of pregnancy and lactation. Before treatment it is necessary to consult a doctor-otolaryngologist. He will select the optimal scheme for taking the medicine and warn the patient about possible side effects. Timely antibacterial treatment will help prevent the development of chronic form.

Clacid

Clatid with sinusitis gives very good results. Its main action is the inhibition of microbial cells, the suppression of their growth and reproduction. However, it must be taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor. The main active substance of this antibacterial drug is clarithromycin, which belongs to the semisynthetic group of so-called. "Macrolides". Klacid is very effective in the treatment of respiratory diseases and ENT organs, as well as skin lesions.

This drug has different forms of release: granules or tablets for the preparation of therapeutic suspensions, as well as powder for injection solutions. In general, patients are prescribed prolonged-action tablets, called Clacidum SR. The dosage is 1-2 tablets taken per day. The course of treatment depends on the degree of severity and varies from 6 to 14 days. However, in special cases, the therapeutic course can be extended up to 6 months and even more.

It should be emphasized that Clacid is immediately absorbed into the bloodstream, which contributes to the rapid reduction of clinical symptoms of the disease, such as nasal congestion, headache, unpleasant sensations of compression in the forehead and maxillary sinuses, as well as mucopurulent discharge from the nasal moves.

A particular advantage of Clacid over other antibacterial drugs that are used to treat maxillitis is the absence of any allergic reactions. According to the results of many clinical trials, it is practically safe for a patient of any age, including children. The effectiveness of this drug is proven by time and medical practice.

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis, occurring in chronic form, are used in the case of a prolonged, persistent runny nose, fever, an increase temperature, general malaise and pain in various parts of the face that may be permanent, or appear episodically. In such cases, the treatment of chronic form requires a special approach, according to the specific symptoms of the disease.

Basically, with chronic course, doctors prescribe to patients Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Cyphran, Macropen, Gramox (Flemoxin Solutab), Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin.

Before taking an antibacterial drug, you should make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the active ingredient. So, with intramuscular injection, a test for sensitivity is made. It must be canceled if the patient has skin rashes that indicate an allergy.

If the treatment is ineffective, another medication is prescribed to the patient.

When treating chronic maxillitis it is very important to undergo a full course of treatment, strictly according to the scheme outlined by the doctor. Basically, this course is 10 to 14 days and more, all depends on the improvement of the patient's condition.

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis

Acute antritis is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus. Its main symptoms are unpleasant, constantly increasing sensations in the near-nasal region, nasal passages, above the eyes, severe stuffiness nose, difficulty in nasal breathing, persistent runny nose, fever to 38 ° and even more, malaise and weakness, decrease appetite.

Antibiotics in acute maxillary sinusitis should be used if it is proven to be bacterial in nature and the causative agent of the disease was revealed, and the likelihood of developing a purulent form was increased, or there were chronic disease. From modern medicines it is possible to note:

• Amoxiclav. It is intended mainly for older patients for oral administration. Before use, dissolve in water.
• Augmentin. Effective for the treatment of adults and children (strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician). Adults are recommended to drink 1 tablet of Augmentin three times a day.
• Flemoxin Solutab. You can eat regardless of food, swallowing the pill entirely. Typically, patients are prescribed a double intake in a dosage of 500-2000 mg (for adults).
• Macropean. Produced in the form of tablets and granules - respectively, for adults and children. Daily intake is usually 2-3 times. Patients in excess of 20 kg are recommended a dose of 2 ml. Granules Macrofen should be taken after meals, previously dissolved in water.
• Hiconcile. Effectively inhibits the activity of pathogenic bacteria, and also destroys at the cellular level their structural walls. There are different forms of release - suspension, powder and capsules. The daily dosage is 1-2 capsules three times a day.
• Zitrolide. It should be taken orally 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after eating.

Polypeptides of local action can also be noted, which proved to be highly effective. It should be noted Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Geksoral. The action of the active substance is directed to the affected area, the drug does not enter the systemic circulation, and also has no side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox is usually 5-7 days.

It should be noted that if at the end of 3-4 days after the start of taking the medicine the temperature does not drop, it should be replaced with another one. Often together with antibiotics, antihistamine tablets are taken, which reduce swelling and relieve allergies. In severe cases, the patient is punctured at a site of inflamed sinuses to purify them from pathological mucus, and then antiseptic solutions are administered. Usually after such procedure the patient becomes much easier, unpleasant symptoms pass, in particular headaches, breathing is facilitated, the general condition improves.

The best antibiotic for genyantritis

How to choose the right antibiotic? The solution of this question is the prerogative of the doctor. Determine the choice of the optimal drug will help him the results of X-ray and laboratory tests.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which the pathogen is the most sensitive to the results of the smear. Usually, if after 48 hours after taking the antibacterial drug the patient did not feel any special relief, then the pathogen resistance to this drug has been formed, or the main cause of the pathology is not a bacterial infection, but a virus, a fungal lesion, or allergic factor.

When choosing a medicine, the doctor should take into account the patient's age, the features of the course of the disease, and the likelihood of developing various complications. The acute form usually requires taking one antibacterial drug, but the most effective one. In severe disease, there is a need for intramuscular or intravenous injections. The course of antibiotic therapy should last at least one week (7 days). Even with the observation of improvement, the patient is not recommended to stop treatment.

In chronic form, a combination of topical drugs with broad-spectrum antibiotics is usually used. The best result is achieved with the use of antibacterial agents of the new generation - Augmetin, Cephalosprosin of the third generation, Azithromycin, Bioparox, etc.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are selected taking into account individual sensitivity and mandatory allocation infectious agent by smear microscopy, otherwise the treatment may be ineffective and only aggravate the condition patient. In medical practice for effective therapy, such groups of antibacterial drugs are used:

• Penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Flemoclav solutab, Augmentin, etc.). Consider the most effective. Their main advantages are good tolerability and limited side effects. However, in the inflammatory process, which is caused by a pathogen that is resistant to penicillins, such drugs are ineffective.
• Cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone). They are used in severe and lack of desired results when using lighter drugs.
• Macrolides (Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Zitrolide, Macropen). Often prescribed for treatment in children. Alternative for intolerance to penicillin drugs.
• Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin). These are modern medicines, to which the main pathogens did not have time to develop immunity.
• Local (sprays, solutions, nasal drops). Used to avoid many side effects due to intramuscular or oral administration. Local include Bioparox (Fusofungin), Isofra, Polidexa and others.

Pharmacological group

Antibacterial agents for systemic use

ATC code

R07AX Other preparations for the treatment of respiratory diseases

ilive.com.ua

Antibiotics for the treatment of genyantritis

The last century is called "the era of antibiotics." Having received the medicine, acting on the causative agent of the disease, the doctors urgently included him in the treatment of all in pharmacies, they were in free sale, and the patients themselves prescribe therapy. This led to the development of mass resistance to the main groups of antibiotics, the development of allergic reactions.

New means based on plant raw materials for the treatment of inflammatory processes have been synthesized. At present, the absence of a bactericidal (destroying) effect of antibiotics on viruses and fungi has been proven. They are completely useless in the genyantrites caused by influenza viruses, adenoviruses, herpes, with complications of measles and chicken pox.

Sinusitis - an inflammation of the nasal sinuses often complicates the common cold. Antibiotics for sinusitis are used in cases of radiographic confirmation of the disease. Question: "What antibiotics to drink at a genyantritis?" - Excites every patient, tired of a headache, a cold and the absence of nasal breathing. Let's try to figure out the most effective treatment for sinusitis, we can be sure.

When to start taking antibiotics for genyantema

The disease begins with a common cold, which is not paid attention or trying to apply drops in the nose. But the headache, dilating pains under the eyes joins, the temperature rises, and the nose is so clogged that you have to breathe with your mouth. Clinical symptoms are confirmed by an additional examination. The doctor prescribes antibiotics for sinusitis after the first treatment of the patient.

How to take an antibiotic depends on the severity of the condition. You can choose from tablets, injections, drops or sprays.Sprays have advantages over tableted treatment and drops: there is no unnecessary effect on mucous membranes stomach, the drug in a concentrated form is delivered almost to the place of inflammation, convenient in application.

Drops with a vasoconstrictor are prescribed at the initial stage of sinusitis to facilitate breathing. Correct introduction of drops into the nasal passage is carried out in the prone position with the head turned to the side. Recommended remedies such as naftizine, galazoline, xylenes.

The drops "Sinupret" have antiviral activity, do not cause an allergic reaction. Made from famous herbs. They are not buried in the nose, you have to take it for treatment. Given the safety of drops, sinupret is used in the treatment of a common cold in children; there are no contraindications other than individual intolerance.

Sinusitis can cause serious complications

• inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis);
• the appearance of isolated suppuration (abscess) in the brain substance;
• persistent loss of sense of smell;
• inflammation of the branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves;
• transition of the process to the orbit and the bone of the upper jaw;
• spread down the respiratory tract to the trachea and bronchi.

Therefore, timely treatment of sinusitis with the use of antibiotics serves as a reliable solution to possible problems.

Use of antibiotics in sprays

The combination of a convenient form of administration and antimicrobial action makes it very effective to use a spray form of antibiotics to treat sinusitis.

• Bioparox (fusafungin) - nasal aminopeptidny spray, has a strong nebulizing property, deeply penetrates into the tissue. It is active against staphylococci, streptococci, fungi, Recommended for the treatment of fungal and bacterial sinusitis. Of the side effects known: redness of the skin, numbness of the nasal mucosa.
• Isophra - spray based on the antibiotic framicetin, a member of the aminoglycoside group, has a wide spectrum of action. Allergic reactions are possible.

What antibiotics are more often used for genyantritis

Usually prescribed penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins (cefazolin, cephalexin), sporidex, augmentin. There are antibiotics of more powerful action, they constitute a group of "reserve" for the treatment of sinusitis. Because of side effects do not apply for sinusitis in pregnant women and in the period of breastfeeding.

Most Popular

• Macroben (midecamycin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The negative consequences include: skin rash, stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucosa), loss of appetite, dyspnea associated with bronchospasm. Gives a cross-allergic reaction with drugs containing aspirin. It is not recommended in the treatment of sinusitis with concomitant liver damage, in children up to three years.
• Zitrolide - belongs to the group of macrolide antibiotics, it also has a wide range of effects on various pathogens. Less toxic. Side effects are observed in the form of bloating (flatulence), pain along the bowels, insomnia, palpitation and pain in the heart. Therefore, it is not recommended for patients with chronic severe diseases of the liver and kidneys, elderly people with a disturbed rhythm of the heart, children under 16 years old.
• Azithromycin is an analog of zitrolide. Can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea (diarrhea), allergic reactions.

Rules for taking antibiotics

It must be remembered that

• whatever remarkable antibiotics the doctor has appointed, they will only work in a sufficient dose. Do not arbitrarily increase or decrease dosage.
• The course of treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial drugs in drops, tablets, sprays or injections must be brought to an end. Usually it's 7-10 days. Otherwise, a very unpleasant process of drug resistance to the drug is developing.
• Long-term treatment with antibiotics is one of the reasons for the development of intestinal dysbiosis, in which useful intestinal microorganisms are destroyed.
• If you are hypersensitive to some medicine, tell your doctor.
• During treatment, it is strictly forbidden to take alcoholic beverages.
• When buying an antibiotic in a pharmacy, pay attention to the expiration date, it is indicated on the package.
• The appearance of any incomprehensible symptoms on the background of antibiotic treatment should be reported to the doctor in charge.

The use of antibiotics to treat sinusitis in children

Children often have acute sinusitis as a complication of normal rhinitis. More than adults have an allergic component in the disease, so pediatricians must prescribe drops in the nose with anti-allergic drugs. Antibiotics are not always needed.

Sprays for children should not cause burning sensation in the nose. Often prescribe sprays from sea water to wash the nasal passages.

The use of drops of vasoconstrictive action should be limited to three to four days.

The most frequent antibiotics recommended for children

• Amoxicillin - even prescribed to the newborn in the form of a suspension (mix granules with water).
• Solutab flemoxin is a combined preparation containing the antibiotic aminophylline. A syrup or suspension is also prepared.
• Cefuroxime is an antibiotic from the group of cephalosporins. It is part of the drugs: aksetina, zinnata and zinatsef.
• Antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are part of nasal sprays of polidex and isophra. Isofra is shown for children older than a year, polydex is older, years.
• Sumamed (azithromycin) from the group of macrolides is the least toxic antibiotic. It is prescribed to children from six months to three years in the form of a suspension. The elder - in tablets.

The era of antibiotics was over, but they did not stop using them. The attitude towards these funds has become more reasonable. The sale of antibiotics in pharmacies is limited to prescription instructions of doctors.

ingalin.ru

Antibiotics for sinusitis - which are the most effective?

Sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the accessory maxillary sinuses of the nose. The emergence of this common disease is associated with human-borne viral, infectious diseases, such as influenza, measles (see. symptoms of measles in adults), scarlet fever, as a complication after angina, otitis and other diseases of the ENT organs, as well as in diseases of the roots of the upper molars.

In recent times, cases of allergic sinusitis have begun to increase, as well as after oncological diseases after treatment, with helminthiases (see Fig. signs of worms in humans) and other chronic diseases that reduce the defenses of the body. Treatment of maxillary sinusitis with antibiotics should be only on indications, in complex treatment and is prescribed only by a doctor.

In most cases, self-treatment is not safe, can worsen the condition and slow the recovery process. First of all, you should undergo a checkup with a doctor who will establish an accurate diagnosis, the cause of the disease and prescribe a comprehensive treatment.

Signs of genyantritis

If, after some improvement after the flu or cold, a re-rise in body temperature occurred, the overall condition, there were shooting pains with the tilt of the head down, with a slight tapping in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses, you can suspect the onset sinusitis. The following symptoms of maxillary sinusitis serve as a cause for referral to a doctor:

• Stuffy noseconstantly or periodically, the sense of smell is reduced.
• Discharge from the nosecan be both abundant, purulent, yellow-green in color, and transparent, in rare cases they may be absent, this occurs if the sinuses are already filled with pus and the discharge is very thick.
• Sense of pressure, raspiraniya, stress in the sinuses of the nose.
• HeadacheIncreased when the body tilts forward, upside down.
• Severe painin the forehead, in the maxillary sinuses, cheekbones, cheeks, localizing only in one half of the face, or in a bilateral process - on the entire face. In acute process, pain can be pronounced, and in chronic sinusitis, not so intense, sometimes a person simply experiences pain in the eye area or headaches.
• Temperature,in acute maxillary sinusitis, it can be quite high, above 38C, with chronic often subfebrile or normal.
• The general state of weakness,increased fatigue. Due to congestion of the nose, headaches, the person is disturbed by a sound sleep, appetite decreases, a feeling of apathy, lethargy, depression develops.

Diagnosis of genyantritis

Anamnesis of the patient.Before the diagnosis is established, the doctor analyzes the patient's anamnesis, finds out the diseases that preceded the genyantritis (influenza, SARS, otitis, tonsillitis, inflammation of the teeth of the upper jaw), a tendency to allergic manifestations (pollinosis, urticaria, bronchial asthma, etc.), food intolerance, medicines. The factors that provoke the development of sinusitis include:

• Decreased immunity due to any chronic diseases, allergic reactions, helminthiases, metabolic disorders.
• Curvature of the nasal septum obstructing normal nasal breathing, congenital anomalies of anatomical structures in the nasal cavity.
• Vasomotor, hypertrophic, allergic rhinitis, adenoids in children.
• Inadequate treatment of influenza, colds, SARS, rhinitis.
• Diseases and removal of teeth of the upper jaw.

X-ray diagnostics. To date, the most reliable method of diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis is still X-ray, and with modern contrast tomography, the accuracy of diagnosis has increased at times. A snapshot can give information about the size, the volume of the sinuses, their fullness with pus, air. Sometimes the doctor recommends an X-ray in several projections - lateral, nasal-chin or frontal-nasal. With genyantritis, the images show different types of darkening, this is explained by the delay in the rays of the medium, which is denser than air. However, one should remember about the dangers of X-rays and CT (the risk of thyroid cancer increases, etc.), fluorography of the paranasal sinuses is sufficient, and the radiation load is minimal.

Puncture of maxillary sinuses- this is an informative method of diagnosis, but an outdated method of treating sinusitis. In view of possible complications (emphysema of the cheek, abscess of the orbit, embolism of the blood vessels), morbidity of the procedure and the transition of sinusitis to a chronic inflammatory process, it is carried out Rarely enough.

In connection with the application of the newest technologies for the treatment of sinusitis - the use of the sinus catheter "Yamik laser therapy, the plant medicine Sinuforte (increasing local immunity and excellent cleansing of the sinus), the frequency of using the nose puncture method for sinusitis for its treatment and diagnostics.

Bacteriological culture of a smear from the nose- as an independent diagnostic method for determining sinusitis or not - it does not matter. Carrying out of this diagnosis is expedient only for the choice of an antibiotic for sinusitis, to which the pathogenic microorganisms were sensitive.

When is antimicrobial therapy not recommended?

To begin with, you should determine the true cause of the genyantritis, its pathogen. Since with some provoking factors that cause sinusitis, antibiotic therapy can not only ineffective, but also capable of exacerbating inflammation, delaying the process recovery.

• If sinusitis occurs as a consequence of allergic manifestations, then in this case, the intake of antibiotics is not justified.
• With chronic rhinosinusitis, antritis associated with fungal infection, also taking broad-spectrum antibiotics only aggravates the process.
• In viral infections, when mild sinusitis can be helped by lavage, inhalation and immunotherapy, it is also not worth taking antibiotics.

When you can not do without antibiotics?

But with an acute bright process, with a high temperature, expressed by a general intoxication of an organism not of a viral origin, strong pains in the sinuses of the nose, purulent discharge from the nose - intake of oral antimicrobial agents or intramuscular injection of an antibiotic are needed.

Which antibiotics are most effective?

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which the inflammation agent is sensitive according to the smear analysis. If within 72 hours after taking the antibiotic, there is no apparent relief, then either the drug of the pathogen was stable, or the cause of maxillary sinusitis is not bacterial, but fungal or allergic.

If the genyantritis is caused by banal streptococcus, staphylococcus, hemophilia, then the following groups of antibiotics are used:

• Penicillins- Most preferred, because they have less side effects, are easily tolerated, but in cases severe inflammatory process caused by penicillin-resistant infections may ineffective. Amoxicillin - (Amosin, Flemoxin solutab), Ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (trade names: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Flemoklave solutab, Ecoclav, etc.) are distinguished among them.
• Macrolides- their use is justified with intolerance of penicillin drugs. Trade names of the drugs are Zitrolide, Sumamed, Macropen, Clarithromycin.
• Cephalosporins- this group of antibiotics is prescribed in cases of severe inflammation and with the inefficiency of other antimicrobial agents. These include - Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, etc.
• Fluoroquinolones- most bacteria have not yet managed to form resistance to these synthetic drugs, so they are also used to treat sinusitis (contraindicated to children). Antibiotics of this series - Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin (1 generation), Levofloxacin (2 generations), Moxifloxacin (3 generations).
• Local treatment- drops in the nose with an antibiotic. The use of local local antimicrobial sprays, drops at the onset of the disease can help avoid oral or intramuscular systemic use of broad-spectrum antibacterials with their inherent adverse effects on the whole organism. Such drops include Isofra, Polidex.

When choosing an antibiotic should be guided by the individual characteristics of the patient, concomitant diseases, possible allergic reactions to it. And most importantly, the selection is best done taking into account the data of the smear microscopy and rapid assessment of the pathogen for staining by Gram stain, otherwise the treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial agents may not be effective, with wasted time and means.

zdravotvet.ru

Antibiotics for sinusitis: which ones to choose, and which ones should be abandoned

Antibiotic therapy, which over the past few years is characterized by rapid development, often becomes the only method that allows to stop the course of the disease in time. Antibiotics for sinusitis are sometimes the only way to overcome the developing inflammation.

Sinusitis is a serious disease that is dangerous for a person's life by that often causes many complications. Therefore, for any signs of sinusitis, you should consult a specialist who usually prescribes antibiotics at the initial stages of the ailment.

Features of antibiotic use

Antibiotics are common drugs used in the occurrence of infectious diseases in the body. They are medicines created by artificial chemical means or using certain fungi and bacteria. Their

The use against sinusitis allows you to defeat the infection within 3-4 days from the time the treatment started.

The drugs can be administered orally, in the form of injections, by administering the drug into the nasal sinuses. With serious, neglected forms of maxillary sinusitis, simultaneous use of several types of antibiotics is acceptable.

The patient should understand that alcohol consumption in the treatment with antibiotics is unacceptable, because they interfere with the action of the drug, cause strong intoxication of the body.

Widely used medicines

Most often, experts prescribe to their patients such drugs as Penicillin, Biseptol, Cefazolin, Ampicillin. Among the potent antibacterial drugs are the following:

• Tavanik;
• Macropean;
• Rulid;
• Azithromycin;
• Augmentin;
• Zitrolide.

Treatment of sinusitis with such antibiotics can be accompanied by complications - severe bleeding from the nose, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, allergies, dysbiosis, digestive disorders system.

To the least toxic preparations with which the antritis is treated at the very beginning of the development of pathogenic microorganisms, belongs Zitrolid. These antibiotics exert bactericidal action on bacteria that parasitize bacteria, which speeds up the healing process. However, in the treatment of antibiotics of this type against sinusitis, side effects may occur-bloating, abdominal pain, signs of nervous exhaustion, nausea, heart palpitations. Do not treat sinusitis with sytrolide in renal and hepatic insufficiency.

Sinuphorte is an effective antibiotic against sinusitis. It promotes increased secretion in the nose, causing a large amount of pus excreta.

In what form is it better to take the drug?

Medicinal antibacterial preparations against sinusitis can be produced in various forms. Treat sinusitis can be antibiotics in these forms:

• pills;
• drops, sprays;
• injections.

Pills

As a rule, antibiotics of general action in the form of tablets are used against sinusitis. Specialists choose to treat this disease with antibacterial drugs of a new generation - Flemoxin, Augmentin, Solutab, Macroben. In therapy against the inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses, they have a stronger and faster effect. The advantage of these antibiotics against sinusitis still lies in the fact that they are not only able to overcome bacteria, but also prevent the development of many complications, which entails genyantritis - otitis media, meningitis. By choosing the treatment of sinusitis with drugs of this form, you can stop it after 5 days of taking.

Drops and Sprays

Effective antibiotics of local action against sinusitis are considered to be drops and sprays. But, treatment with them becomes possible only with the condition of free passage to the maxillary sinuses.

It is important to know that in case of severe suppuration, antibacterial therapy against sinusitis can be applied only after using vasoconstrictive drops.

To enhance the effect of the active ingredient, the complex use of drops and tablets is often prescribed.

Injections

In situations where the genyantritis has already acquired a neglected form or when the organism is intoxicated, antibiotics are administered intramuscularly. They very quickly penetrate into the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses, so that the treatment becomes the most effective. Treating sinusitis with antibacterial drugs should, based on the form and stage of the disease, the patient's condition.

Sinusitis in children

Antibiotics from sinusitis in children are prescribed systematically, and treatment is performed by a pediatrician. The most effective are local drugs that affect the focus of the infection. To treat childhood genyantritis can be an antibacterial medicine of a new generation Bioparox. Applying it, the active ingredients act solely on the mucous membranes of the nose. When treating children before 2, 5 years of age, use this medication is contraindicated. Also, in situations where there is no improvement after 3 days, it is recommended that the disease be treated with general-purpose antibiotics.

Treatment of sinusitis in children can be supplemented with physiotherapy and nasal sinus washing. Experts say that when doing physical exercises, it becomes necessary to reduce the dosage of the medication and the duration of its administration.

When is antibiotic therapy inevitable?

Antibiotics, being a potent remedy, must be taken in situations where the sinusitis grows into a serious stage of development. Sinusitis can cause serious disturbances in the patient's body, causing such complications as meningitis, otitis, osteomyelitis, neuritis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis. That is why, if there is no possibility to stop the development of inflammation in the nasal sinuses with the help of weak-acting drugs, an antibiotic against the sinusitis comes to the aid of the patient.

Thus, it should be understood that the treatment of sinusitis should be at the initial stages of its development. Therefore, at the first signs of malaise, which manifests itself as a headache, painful sensations in the postorbital area, a runny nose, it is necessary to visit a doctor.

Good to know!

If shortly before the sinusitis appeared, patients were treated with antibiotics, this should be notified to the doctor. Usually, treatment is carried out with other antibiotics, since some people may become addicted to certain bacteria.

1. Antibiotics should be changed to others and in cases if there is no improvement after a 4-day course.
2. Taking antibiotics against inflammation in the maxillary sinuses, a rash appeared on the body, redness, the patient complains of itching, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
3. Avoid excess dosage, established by a specialist, because antibiotics often cause violations of intestinal microflora, dysbiosis.

Cure maxillary sinusitis with antibacterial therapy is possible without the occurrence of side effects only if all the rules of its application are observed. Antibiotics for sinusitis are a powerful tool in the hands of an experienced specialist.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Similar articles