Antibiotics for a child's cold

Antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics for a cold: are they needed, and is there any sense in their appointment? What antibiotic for a cold? After all, it is known that taking antibiotics without good reason is not recommended. Let's try to understand this question.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for colds

Treatment with antibiotics of the common cold can only make sense if the disease is combined, when pathology is aggravated by the addition of a pathogenic infection. Thus, the main indications for the use of antibiotics in the common cold are the development of the chronic form of rhinitis, or the spread of the inflammatory process to the sinuses of the nose.

The inflammatory process of the paranasal sinuses is called sinusitis. Sinusitis has its own variants depending on the lesion of the specific sinus: it can be frontal, etmoid or sinusitis.

The right to choose a specific medicinal antibacterial agent or complex use of drugs belongs only to a specialist - an otorhinolaryngologist. Most often doctors prescribe antibiotic therapy with drugs of macrolide group - erythromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin, as well as β-lactam antibiotics (augmentin) and cephalosporins (cefodox, ceftriaxone).

The form of release of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of the common cold is capsules or tablets for internal application to adults, or suspensions for toddlers. In some complicated situations, resort to the use of solutions for intravenous injections or infusions.

Pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in the common cold

Imagine a brief pharmadynamics of antibiotics in the common cold:

• Penicillin group drugs inhibit the biological synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, inactivating the enzyme that participates in its formation;
• preparations cephalosporin group have an action similar to penicillins;
• preparations of the tetracycline group inhibit the biological synthesis of the cellular protein at the ribosomal level. It is for this reason that large doses of tetracycline can disrupt their own production of protein in the body;
• preparations of the aminoglycoside group are able to bind to the ribosome of the bacterial cell, preventing the natural "dialogue" of the RNA and the ribosome. This leads to a distorted interpretation of the genetic code and the assignment of a non-native amino acid to the protein produced. In addition, aminoglycosides are trapped in the cytoplasmic membrane and negatively affect its permeability, which leads to loss of the potassium ions, nucleotides and amino acids by the bacterial cell;
• preparations of macrolide antibiotics block the contact of RNA and ribosomes in a microbial cell.

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics for colds

Inhalation administration of solutions of antibiotics does not provide for the absorption of the drug into the systemic bloodstream. Maximum concentrations of antibiotics in the blood serum for external use can not exceed 1 ng / ml, this The amount of active substance can be considered insignificant: this concentration does not affect the safety medication.

When the antibiotic is administered through the nasal passages, its maximum amount in mucus can be observed for 3 hours after administration.

Excretion of the drug with local use is performed with the secretion of the respiratory system.

When intramuscular injection of antibiotics occurs, rapid absorption of the drug into the blood (usually the maximum concentration can be observed after 30-60 minutes) and rapid penetration into tissues, including respiratory system.

Tablet forms of antibiotics are usually well absorbed in the intestines, after which they are distributed in the tissues and biological media of the body. They are excreted through the urinary system and partly with feces.

Some antibiotics, for example, macrolide oletetrin, are able to accumulate in the spleen, mangled tissues, in the liver.

Use during pregnancy

The use of antibiotics in the common cold during pregnancy is not recommended. Active components of antibacterial drugs can have a negative effect on the fetus: For example, tetracyclines can slow down the growth of the bones of the skeleton, and can also lead to fatty infiltration liver.

Before prescribing an antibiotic for a cold to a woman of reproductive age, the doctor should make sure that she is not pregnant. It is also not recommended to plan pregnancy during antibiotic treatment.

During lactation, the use of antibiotic therapy is also not recommended. If you can not stop using antibiotics, you should raise the question of stopping breastfeeding.

Even the use of topical preparations during pregnancy is not recommended, at least in the first trimester of pregnancy. The continued use of antibiotics is a matter addressed to your doctor who should evaluate the possible risk to the fetus and benefit to the mother. It must be borne in mind that even an extremely low concentration of the drug in the blood allows the substance to penetrate the placental barrier. For example, a popular preparation of Isophra with local use can have a toxic effect on the vestibular system of a future baby.

Before using an antibiotic during pregnancy, be sure to consult a doctor and do not take independent decisions.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics in the common cold are contraindicated in patients who are prone to allergic reactions to antibacterial drugs.

Intramuscular injection and oral administration of antibiotics is not recommended for persons with severe disorders of liver and kidney function, as well as patients with leukopenia.

With care appoint antibiotics in childhood, as well as patients with cardiovascular pathology.

Pregnant women and lactating mothers are not recommended to use antibiotics for a cold.

Side effects of antibiotics for colds

When using antibiotics in the form of tablets, capsules and injections, the following side effects may occur:

• loss of appetite, attacks of nausea and vomiting, stool disorders, abdominal pain;
• constant fatigue, headaches, dizziness;
• anemia, thrombocytopenia;
• allergic reactions;
• development of fungal diseases, dysbacteriosis, discoloration of tooth enamel.

Local antibiotic use in the common cold may be accompanied by allergic reactions to drugs.

Antibiotic for rhinitis for children

Whether it is necessary to appoint or nominate an antibiotic if the rhinitis at the child was tightened or delayed?

First of all, it should be noted that unqualified and irrational use of antibiotics in children's cold can lead to significant difficulties in treatment. Unfortunately, often the mother not only does not consult a pediatrician or an ENT specialist for advice, but she also tries to treat the child with medications. In such a situation, my mother hardly thinks about the fact that the wrongly chosen antibacterial drug is wrong calculated dose instead of destruction of bacteria can lead to even more development of pathological process.

At the beginning of the development of a cold in the baby, the best independent treatment can only be the use of interferon - immunostimulating and antiviral drug, which is produced in any form convenient for the child: it can be drops, ointment or suppositories. If more than 3 days have passed and the child does not feel better, consult a specialist. Do not wait for the disease to go far, take action in a timely manner.

The use of antibiotics for the treatment of a cold in a child is only in the competence of a doctor, and resorting to self-therapy with antibacterial drugs is highly discouraged.

Antibiotics for prolonged runny nose

In the usual course of the common cold, do not rush with the use of antibiotics. However, if the runny nose is protracted, the doctor may prescribe antibiotic therapy. Especially important is the use of antibacterial drugs, if there is a feeling of soreness and raspiraniya in the frontal area, on the sides and above the nose. These symptoms are usually accompanied by nasal congestion and an increase in temperature.

Treatment of the inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses practically in all cases requires the application of antibiotic therapy, because basically a bacterial infection, as a rule, is the cause of this complications.

Currently, antibiotics of the macrolide group (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, midecamycin) are most often used in the therapy of a protracted rhinitis. When combined purulent-inflammatory process in the nasal sinuses with signs of an allergic reaction use washing of the sinuses with solutions of antibiotics (taking into account the sensitivity of microflora) together with antiallergic preparations.

In childhood, it is recommended to use short courses of therapy with azithromycin.

Antibiotic for cough and cold

In principle, antibiotics for cough and cold are not prescribed, and sometimes are not even recommended. However, if coughing and runny nose are delayed and do not respond to treatment, the use of antibiotics can be justified. For example, in childhood, amoxicillin or cotrimoxazole (inwards) or penicillin in the form of injections are actively used in such situations.

Antibiotics for children are most often administered with the help of intramuscular injections. Babies up to 2 months of age showed the use of benzylpenicillin with gentamycin.

And yet it must be remembered that the use of antibiotics for cough and cold is justified and will only have an effect if the disease is caused by the activity of bacteria, not viruses. In addition, it is also desirable to know what bacteria triggered the development of pathology. For this, bacteriological examination of sputum and secretions from the nasal cavity is carried out. Only after receiving the results of tests, you can choose exactly the antibacterial drug that can help to defeat the disease.

For this reason, the selection of an antibiotic can only be performed by a doctor based on the results of the sensitivity of the microflora. Independent use of antibiotics is unacceptable.

Antibiotics for severe colds

Even if you suffer from a bad cold, do not rush to run to the pharmacy for antibiotics. If discharge from the nose is caused by a viral infection (flu, ARVI), start taking interferons. At the initial stages of the disease, arbidol, a known antiviral drug with a minimum of side effects, can be effective. Also a good tool is antigrippin - a combined drug that accelerates the production of interferons in the body.

Do not forget that in case of viral damage, the antibiotic will not be of use. Such funds are prescribed, only being in full confidence that the etiology of the disease is bacterial. Why is it not recommended to take antibiotics yourself? Because, by destroying pathogenic microbes, the antibiotic simultaneously ruins useful bacteria, which provide our body with protection and promote the flow of many vital processes. Due to improper intake of antibiotics, dysbacteriosis, candidiasis develops, digestion and digestion processes are disrupted. In addition, an incorrect treatment regimen can contribute to the "habituation" of microbes to the action of an antibacterial drug. For this reason, human immunity is significantly weakened, and for the subsequent treatment, more and more powerful drugs will be needed.

If the discharge from the nose is abundant, you can use special vasoconstrictive drugs, for example, galazolinom or naphthysin. And do not forget about natural antibiotics: eat garlic, onions, horseradish, drink warm tea with honey. If the condition has not improved within 3-5 days, please consult a doctor: self-administration of antibiotics is unacceptable.

Antibiotics of local action with a cold

Antibiotics of local action are used mainly in inflammatory processes in the nasal sinuses - sinusitis. With a cold, antibiotics are used very rarely, only with the development of serious bacterial complications of the disease.

Local antibiotic use excludes the development of many side effects that can occur after taking tablets or injections. In addition, local antibiotics do not affect the quality of systemic microflora.

Among the local antibiotics, the most common forms are drops and spray for the nose.

Drops from a cold with an antibiotic

For instillation in the nasal cavity use the following antibacterial drugs:

• newimanin - an antibiotic of natural origin, derived from St. John's wort. It shows activity against gram-positive microbes, including staphylococci, which is resistant to penicillin. Stimulates the recovery of mucous membranes. Before use, the preparation is diluted with sterile distilled water, anesthesin or glucose;
• framicetin - used in the complex therapy of rhinitis and sinusitis of bacterial etiology. The drug is instilled in 1-2 drops in each nostril 4-6 times a day. It is not prescribed for children under 1 year;
• neomycin - antibiotic-aminoglycoside. Used in the form of a solution (5000 units. in 1 ml) for instillation, turund and irrigation, not more than 25-50 ml per one use. It does not affect fungal and viral infections, as well as anaerobic flora.

Spray from the common cold with antibiotic

Spray from the common cold with the antibiotic is the most convenient form for applying the drug directly to the site of the inflammatory process. The most famous drugs:

• isophas - nasal spray with an active component of Framicetin. Does not affect anaerobic microorganisms. One dose of spray is applied intranasally 4-6 times a day, in childhood - up to 3 times a day. The duration of antibiotic therapy is 7-10 days;
• Polidex with phenylephrine - spray for the nose. Due to the combination of antibacterial agents in the composition of the spray has a wide range of effects, but does not affect the viability of streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. Duration of treatment is from 6 to 10 days;
• bioparox is an aerosol with a polypeptide antibiotic fusafungin, which is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungal infection. Has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Standard use of two doses of the drug in each nostril 4 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is no longer than one week.

Dosing and Administration

To influence the inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, various methods of medicinal action can be used:

1. Conducting solutions of antibiotics in the nasal cavity to stop the infectious process and swelling of the mucous membrane, facilitate the withdrawal of secretions and improve nasal breathing. To do this, use drugs in the form of drops, aerosols and tampons in the nasal canal 3-4 times a day.
2. Direct injection into the nasal sinuses of solutions of antibiotics. So antibiotics can stay in the sinuses longer than they provide a greater concentration in tissues than with oral or injectable use. Sometimes in the treatment of bilateral sinusitis, there is a multiplicity of bacterial flora, which requires the introduction of different antibiotics in each sinus (taking into account the sensitivity of microflora).
3. Use inside and injection antibacterial drugs in the complicated course of the common cold, for example, in severe acute forms of etmoiditis in young children. Therapeutic doses and the duration of treatment are determined by the doctor individually in each specific case.
4. Electrophoresis of antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, streptomycin 20, 00 units 5% levomycetin,% novoymanin.

Overdose

When oral antibiotics are administered at high dosages, it is possible to increase the severity of adverse events. There are no special antidotes for such situations, only symptomatic treatment is performed.

When topical application of cases of overdose with antibacterial drugs for the treatment of the common cold is not described.

Interactions with other drugs

It is not recommended to use topical antibiotics together with other intranasal preparations.

At internal and injection use of antibiotics it is strictly forbidden to use alcohol.

Dairy products and preparations of aluminum, magnesium, iron and calcium can slow the absorption of tetracycline and macrolide antibiotics.

It should not be without the doctor's instructions to combine various bactericidal preparations with antibiotics.

Antibiotics can influence the effect of antithrombotic agents, as well as reduce the reliability of oral contraceptives.

Storage conditions

Antibiotics are kept away from children, in a darkened room with a temperature of 15-25 ° C.

Shelf life of tablets and capsules - about 2 years, aerosols - up to 3 years.

Modern specialists can prescribe antibiotics for the common cold, if for 10 days of treatment with conventional medications the disease can not be cured. The choice of antibacterial agents and the way they are used are within the competence of the medical professional: a therapist, an otolaryngologist, a pediatrician. Therefore, with a serious bacterial exacerbation of the common cold the best solution will be to go to the doctor.

Runny nose after antibiotic

If you get a cold after taking an antibiotic, you can suspect his allergic nature. Allergy to antibacterial drugs is quite common, since antibiotics usually have a mass of side effects. The development of allergies can occur not immediately, but after some time after taking the drug. And the stronger the dosage and the longer the course of treatment, the greater the risk of developing a hypersensitive reaction of the body. If the patient already had a history of allergic reactions to taking penicillin drugs, the risk of allergy to some other antibiotic is several times higher. What needs to be done in this case?

First, do not take any independent action, but do not ignore the symptom, because it is possible to develop more serious allergic complications. Secondly, contact the doctor to cancel the drug, or, if necessary, replace it with another one.

Runny nose after an antibiotic may indicate weakness of the immune defense, therefore, along with antiallergic therapy, immunity should be strengthened.

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Antibiotics for children with cough and cold

Cough and runny nose - just look in the children's polyclinic during the high season of colds and viral diseases. The incessant "symphony" of wet and dry cough and a lot of small snotty noses - unfortunately, babies are especially prone to such ailments. And the most sad thing is, mothers do not always manage to cure babies without antibiotics. Today we will talk about when to give antibiotics to a child with a cough and runny nose, or rather, when this measure is justified, and when it is worth refraining.

Antibiotics for severe cough in children

A strong, debilitating cough in a baby, many mothers will find it necessary to resort to antibiotic therapy. However, this is not always appropriate. For example, when a cough is accompanied by a temperature that lasts no more than 3 days, redness in the throat, runny nose and general malaise, hasty measures in the form of antibiotics can only to harm. The fact is that such symptoms most often indicate a viral etiology of the disease, and as is known, antibacterial drugs are powerless against viruses. If the patient's condition worsens: the temperature does not fall, there is weakness, dyspnea, breathing is difficult, then there is reason to believe that the bacterial process has begun in the respiratory system: bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis. That is, with a strong cough in children, antibiotics are prescribed only if other symptoms characteristic of bacterial attachment are present. Here is the main list of antibiotics for children with cough:

1. Penicillins.Preparations of this group (Augmentin, Amoxilav, Flemoxin) are often used as emergency first aid. They have a fairly wide spectrum of action and a minimum of side effects. It is worth remembering that penicillins will not have the proper effect in case of pneumonia.
2. Cephalosporins.Stronger drugs (Cefuroxime, Cefix, Cefazolin) are prescribed when secondary therapy is necessary (for example, if a couple of months ago a child already took antibiotics or a penicillin group drug did not approached).
3. Macrolides.This is a kind of heavy artillery, which is used for inflammation of the respiratory tract (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Sumamed).
4. In exceptional cases, childrenfluoroquinolones.

If the cough does not go away after taking antibiotics, it can be assumed that the baby has been incorrectly picked up by the drug. Also in some cases, the development of an allergic reaction is likely.

It is worth remembering that antibiotics for children with cough and runny nose should be prescribed only by a doctor, ideally it should be done after the sputum is sown and the pathogen is determined. But since this takes a fairly long time, in most cases, pediatricians prescribe systemic drugs of a broad spectrum of action, given the child's age, weight and probable the pathogen.

Antibiotics for a child's cold

Strangely enough, but a common cold can also be the reason for taking antibacterial drugs. Of course, if the runny nose is only one of the symptoms of a disease caused by bacteria, there is no doubt about the need for therapy. But when rhinitis occurs as an independent disease, many mothers, and even doctors, doubt the need for such treatment.

In general, antibiotics for a cold in a child are prescribed in the case of:

• development of the chronic form of rhinitis;
• spread of inflammation to the nasal sinuses;
• the appearance of green precipitates.

Most often for the treatment of children, drops or sprays are used from the rhinitis with an antibiotic. They have a local effect, relieve inflammation in the nasal sinuses, destroying the bacteria it provoked.

In conclusion, it is worth noting, before giving antibiotics to children with a cold and cough, you need to thoroughly weigh all the pros and cons. In addition to its main purpose, such drugs adversely affect the biocenosis of the body as a whole, making it susceptible and vulnerable, especially at first.

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Names of antibiotics for colds and flu

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, direct-acting drugs are used that affect the cause of the disease. They depress the pathogens. Such therapy is called etiologic. In the fight against the flu and cold the main thing is right - to choose the right medication. Some people, trying to get better sooner, begin to drink strong antibiotics from a cold at the first symptoms of ARVI. Is it correct?

When it is necessary to drink antibiotics for colds and flu

In most cases, respiratory diseases are caused by viruses to which antibacterial drugs do not work. Therefore, their reception from the first day of the disease is not justified. Therapy of respiratory diseases with antibiotics is justified, if on the 5th-6th day of the course of the flu or cold, the person's state of health is consistently poor. As a rule, these are symptoms of bacterial infection, which provokes the development of purulent sore throat, acute bronchitis, pneumonia.

Signs of complications of the flu and colds:

• after the onset of acute respiratory viral infection, the body temperature rises sharply after 5-6 days;
• general health worsens, fever, coughing, shortness of breath;
• pain in the throat, chest area, ears;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

When treating colds and flu with antibiotics, do not interrupt treatment while improving well-being. People who commit such a mistake then suffer twice as much. In this case, the improvement of a person's condition does not mean that the disease has passed. The batch of bacteria under the influence of antibiotics died, but another part of them adapts to the drug and begins to attack the weakened organism with new strength. This leads to a new round of disease with subsequent complications.

What antibiotics are better for taking cold?

For the treatment of respiratory diseases, bactericidal preparations are used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics in the fight against colds and influenza are given the role of heavy artillery when there is a risk of acute complications. For treatment of respiratory diseases, three main groups of antibacterial drugs are used:

1. penicillinic - ampiox, augmentin, amoxaplav;
2. cephalosporins - cefotaxime, cefpyr, cefazolin;
3. macrolides - roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin.

List of effective antibiotics for adults

For colds of bacterial origin, doctors prescribe antibiotics in extreme cases. Prolonged cough, prolonged angina, severe fever, stably high body temperature - these are alarming signs of the development of an acute disease. In this case, traditional antiviral drugs, immunostimulants, vitamins and medicinal herbs are powerless. For effective therapy, you need to know which antibiotic is better for a cold to an adult:

• amoxicillin;
• arlet;
• fleumoclave;
• rovamycin;
• azithromycin;
• hemomycin;
• suprax;
• cefepime;
• erythromycin;
• levofloxacin.

Names of good drugs for children

To treat bacterial diseases at an early age, antibiotics are used in extreme cases. With pneumonia, acute otitis, purulent angina, resulting from a respiratory illness, it is justified to take such drugs. The form of antibiotics is prescribed depending on the age of the child. Breastfeeding - drugs in pricks, older children - in pills. Babies do not always make injections, it is allowed to open the ampoule and give the child a medicine in the proper dosage. Baby antibiotics for colds:

• ampicillin;
• flemoxin solute;
• moximac;
• avelox;
• augmentin;
• zinnat;
• Macropen;
• gt;
• esparoxy;
• alpha normix.

Often parents mistakenly believe that antibiotic therapy is necessary for the successful treatment of influenza and colds in children. This is a misconception about the effect of antibiotics on the baby's body. In viral infections in children, the prescription of these drugs is unreasonable even at high temperatures, which persists for a long time.

Treatment with antibiotics of children leads to dysbiosis, weakening of the immune system, anemia. To conduct antibacterial therapy for babies is advisable exclusively in critical situations. For example, when there is aerobic streptococcal angina, acute otitis media, pneumonia, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The use of antibiotics to treat children with colds and flu without complications is justified when:

• expressed signs of reduced resistance to the body - a constant subfertile body temperature, frequent cold and viral diseases, HIV, oncology, congenital disorders of immunity;
• rachitis, malformations of general development, lack of weight;
• the presence in the history of the child of chronic recurrent otitis media.

Gentle medications for treating colds in pregnant women

When treating complications of respiratory disease in a woman in a position or nursing mother, take into account the effects of the antibiotic on the development of the fetus. For treatment select sparing antibacterial drugs. To find the right medicine, the doctor identifies the causative agent of the disease, its resistance to various drugs. If it is impossible to conduct such a study, prescribe sparing antibiotics for pregnant women:

• ampicillin;
• oxacillin;
• cefazolin;
• erythromycin;
• azithromycin;
• bioparox;
• minocycline;
• oxam;
• ericcicline;
• ristomycin.

To treat influenza and colds in pregnant and lactating mothers, in order to avoid the occurrence of dysbiosis, it is advisable to take drugs in the form of injections. To avoid allergic reactions, the use of antibiotic therapy is combined with antihistamines. From the diet of pregnant and lactating women, chocolate, citrus and coffee are excluded.

List of broad-spectrum antibiotics

In bacterial therapy for the treatment of complications of influenza and cold prescribe drugs aimed at inhibiting groups of pathogens. Such drugs are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. They help to cure the complications of influenza and acute respiratory disease. Cheap tablets are effective, as are expensive ones. These types of drugs are dispensed in pharmacies without a prescription. Before taking the drug, read the instructions and read reviews about antibiotics. A good drug has a small number of side effects. Antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action:

• amosin;
• beccampicillin;
• ospamox;
• eco-ball;
• zinforo;
• kefelim;
• flamixi;
• cefodox;
• klatsid;
• oleterin.

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Antibiotics for colds in children

Antibiotics for colds in children are not often prescribed, because for this we need special reasons. As a rule, pediatricians resort to the help of such medicines in those cases when the baby's body can not cope on its own. Let's look at a similar situation in more detail, telling you which antibiotics are most often prescribed to take children for a cold. At what age do antibiotics for children usually be prescribed?

Basically, very small children pediatricians try not to prescribe antibiotics. So, in children under 1 year in most cases, treatment of colds is done without antibiotics.

However, in certain situations, when symptoms of the disease are observed for a long time (temperature 3 or more days, for example), doctors are forced to prescribe antibacterial drugs. Preference is given to those drugs, in which the active ingredient itself is more purified, that in turn, avoids the development of an allergic reaction, which in infants at this time is not rarity. An example of such an antibiotic may be Claforan, which is prescribed for the treatment of colds in newborns, with the attachment of infectious agents.

What antibiotics can be used to treat colds in children?

To begin with, it is necessary to say that it is customary to allocate 4 main groups of antibacterial drugs. In this case, some antibiotics, including those used to treat colds for children, may have a different name.

Thus, frompenicillin groupbabies are often prescribed such drugs as:

• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin;
• Augmentin.

Amongmacrolidesthe most commonly used is Azithromycin.

Offluoroquinolonesin the treatment of colds in children often use drugs such as Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin.

Of the 4 groups,cephalosporins,children can be prescribed Cymixime, Cefuroxime.

Apparently, if you list all the antibiotics used for colds to treat children, you will get a large list. It must be remembered that the appointment of such drugs should be done exclusively by a doctor.

WomanAdvice.ru

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