Laser vision correction: limitations

Eyes are considered the most susceptible to the action of various harmful factors on them, from which vision gradually deteriorates. There are factors that can completely lead to a complete loss of vision. In order to prevent this, in ophthalmology, many methods for its restoration have been invented. One of the most popular and known is laser vision correction.

The high effectiveness of this option is written and said a lot. Because laser vision correction refers to painless and effective procedures. It is able to get rid of such problems and violations as astigmatism, hyperopia and myopia.

History of this method

Until the second half of the 20th century, in people who had farsightedness or shortsightedness, the main method to bring vision in order was to wear glasses.

But ophthalmologists from many countries around the world have been trying to find alternative ways to restore vision. As early as 1939, an ophthalmologist from Japan, Sato, devised a method of performing eye surgery by applying insects to the cornea of ​​the eye (radial caratotomy).Continued use of this method stopped the frequent occurrence of corneal opacities in the eye on which the operation was performed and other postoperative complications.

In 1949, Dr. H. Baker made the theory that the cornea of ​​the eye is an object that is suitable for correcting refractive error anomalies. To confirm his words, he made several experiments, during which he cut off part of the cornea, then froze it, made grinding, due to which he gave a new shape.In such ways, he was able to change the refractive index. Later, this procedure was called keratomileusis (keratomileus).Modern medicine to the effective merits of Barracker refers to the invention of a microkeratome - a device, without the existence of which there would not be the most modern LASIK.

In 1967, N. Pireskin in his writings made a description of the idea of ​​creating a corneal valve (phlepe) and removing from the center of the cornea stroma. In the following periods, this idea was used and developed by Dr. Rolikaris.In 1970, a small association of scientists led by N. Basov created the first excimer laser, which could greatly approximate medicine by our time.It was an excimer-laser vision correction.

This method is a scientific breakthrough and is recognized as the most effective and safe among other ways to correct violations in the visual organ.

Laser correction technique

"Cold" laser beam during the correction work, point and purposefully evaporates the thinnest layer of the cornea, changing its curvature.Such manipulation helps to change the angle of light refraction inside the eye and to focus it directly on the retina. As a result, a clear image of objects at all distances is obtained, which makes it possible to radically correct vision.And indeed, after laser correction, the pathology of refraction is removed, which provides the patient with a full-fledged vision. A person no longer needs to wear lenses or glasses and in carrying out procedures that maintain impaired vision. The absence of glasses saves a person from all kinds of complexes that are associated with their wearing, gives more confidence and helps them to lead an active and healthy lifestyle without any restrictions. The patient will also be able to obtain additional conveniences.A full-fledged vision, of course, opens new opportunities for a person, starting from the comforts at work and safe driving the car and ending with the employment of various sports and outdoor activities, in which he did not show himself before could.

Advantages of laser vision correction

The most important and positive advantages of this method of correcting vision can be considered:

• The likelihood of a medical error with this method is extremely small, due to which the risk of conducting an operation is reduced.
• A special algorithm, which is built into the laser itself, takes into account the uniform distribution of laser energy over the entire area of ​​the cornea using automatic mode.
• Evaporation of the cornea by the laser (ablation) occurs in the 1st stage and has a very small depth.This method allows you to save about 40% of the surface of the cornea, compared with excimer laser surgery, conducted earlier.
• The laser beam operates according to the principle of a "flying point".It works selectively, with the correction occurring only in those parts of the cornea where there are deviations from the norm values.
• Modern equipment for laser correction can choose the best ratio of laser speed and gentle action on the cornea of ​​the eye.Because the faster the laser is, the more the cornea gets warmer. Apparatus Esiris and Amaris operate on the principle that they do not allow the cornea to overheat and can make correction as quickly as possible. So, as a result of manipulation, the temperature on the surface of the cornea becomes higher than the norm by only a few degrees, and the interval of correction is reduced by one third. With all this, these laser units are equipped with an extremely fast-reacting motion tracking system eyes in the process of correction, it is able to provide micron precision of laser action on the cornea eyes.

Indications for laser correction

Laser vision correction is not just a cure, but an excellent replacement for inconvenient glasses and constantly losing contact lenses. The use of this therapy is justified in cases where the vision of one eye falls due to the non-working state of the other.Indications for complete restoration of vision with laser intervention are: myopia to -1, dptr; farsightedness up to +, Dpt; mixed astigmatism before, dptr.Personality exceptions are also possible, but in this case we are talking about a partial restoration of the visual function. In the presence of more serious visual defects, specialists can recommend the replacement of the lens, etc.A method of laser vision correction is indicated for a patient who has problems wearing contact lenses due to a professional activities (for example, military, fire, chemical workers, etc.), as well as those who have problems with only one the eye.

In order to know exactly whether the benefits of correction will need to visit an ophthalmologist, so that he gives you the right answer based on the analyzes and procedures.

Methods of laser correction

Distinguish and apply in practice the following methods of laser correction of vision:

KFK

The operation is performed with the help of local anesthesia (an anesthetic is used in the form of eye drops), a feeling of no pain.In the interval of 1 to 3 days (sometimes a little bit longer), the cornea of ​​the operated eye is healing, its layers that are on the surface must be completely restored.During this period the patient most often experiences unpleasant sensations - intense lacrimation, sensation of "sand carvings, pain in the eye, photophobia.

LASIK

LASIK is the newest technique, located at the junction of excimer laser technologies and eye microsurgery. During the operation, the surgeon, with the help of a microkeratome, takes several the upper (protective) layer of the cornea, thereby obtaining access to the deeper layers located in the thickness cornea. The procedure for separating the corneal flap is completely painless.The beam of the excimer laser evaporates the inner layers of the cornea to a predetermined depth, after which the protective flap is placed in its original place.

Process of procedure

The person occupies a horizontal position on the couch, then he is buried in the eyes with pain killers and an eyelid expander is installed, this helps to prevent involuntary closing.Then the doctor applies a ring to the eyeball and attaches a special knife (microkeratome).Laser correction involves the incision and formation of the corneal valve (diameter about 8 mm). Then the ring is removed from the eye and the flap is turned away. During this period, vision becomes blurred. From this moment the direct correction of vision by the laser begins (lasts no more than 60 seconds).Now the patient must strictly control the position of the head, look at one point.

This description reveals the features of the LASIK technique.

Restrictions after surgery

The first day after the correction of vision, a person can feel a kind of burning and sensation in the eye of a foreign body.During this period, the doctor uses special eye drops. It is necessary to comply with all the prescriptions of doctors for maximum effect.

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Optic neuritis: symptoms and treatment

The treatment of astigmatism in adults is described in this article.

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Tips for eye care after vision correction

During the very first month after the operation, heavy physical labor with the inclination of the head and lifting of weights should be eliminated. During the same period, you should stop visiting paired drinking alcohol.Even under the condition that some restrictions are expected in the postoperative period, they will be removed after 1 month. It's worth it.

Observance of all rules of the postoperative period will help to achieve the best effect.

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Conclusion

Laser vision correction can be the only way to help people who have vision impairments. This way to correct vision is the most effective and least painless.

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