Caries is a dental disease that is characterized by the destruction of hard tooth tissues (enamel and dentin). At the initial stage, the disease is asymptomatic, but eventually a cavity is formed in the dental tissues. This causes severe discomfort, pain and further leads to tooth loss.
Cervical caries is the most dangerous form of caries, which destroys the tooth at its very base. It is localized in the region of the neck of the tooth (prigesnevaya zone). This disease quickly progresses, affects the root canals and can lead to fracture of the dental crown.
In this regard, cervical caries should be treated immediately. Timely therapy will avoid tooth loss and the development of serious diseases such as pulpitis, gingivitis, periodontitis.
Causes of cervical caries
The main cause of the disease is dental plaque, which contains the harmful bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Due to poor brushing of teeth, it quickly accumulates on the enamel and in the gingival pockets. In the process of life, bacteria secrete organic acids that wash out calcium from the enamel. As a result - the formation of a carious cavity.
Among the main factors contributing to the development of cervical caries are:
- Neglect of two-time cleaning, as well as insufficient removal of soft plaque- brush movements should be cleaning - from the gums up, and not rubbing, as many people brush their teeth.
- Anatomical features of the enamel near the gums. In the root regions of the teeth, the enamel is very thin, so it is strongly exposed to the harmful effects of cariogenic organisms.
- Genetic predispositionto delamination of the gum causes the formation of "gingival pockets", where in the course of time food remains are accumulated. As a result, carious cavities arise and caries under the gum develop.
- Disturbance of salivary gland secretion. Saliva in the human body performs a protective function. Reducing the amount of saliva produced leads to a decrease in the level of protection of teeth from the harmful effects of bacteria that live in the oral cavity.
- Refusal from a preventive visit to the dentist. Most people from time to time require professional hygiene procedures - removal solid calcareous stone, in which, as in soft plaque, cariogenic microorganisms live.
- Basal caries can testify aboutendocrine dysfunction(development of diabetes or disruption of the thyroid gland).
Cervical caries is the most dangerous among all types of this disease, because it quickly damages the roots and channels of the tooth. In patients older than 60 years, it is the damage to the neck of the tooth becomes the main cause of its loss.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of cervical caries are exactly the same as in the case of other types of caries. At an early stage of development of a cervical caries on a tooth enamel there is a small light speck which eventually darkens, becomes deeper, affects dentin and eventually, in the absence of appropriate treatment leads to complete destruction of the tooth.
Stages of development of cervical caries:
- Caries, having the appearance of a stain. This stage is expressed by the appearance of a small white speck that can remain unchanged for a long time.
- Caries dislocating the tooth surface. The top part of a tooth - enamel is amazed, the person feels cold and hot.
- Medium stage caries. The enamel of the tooth and dentin suffers, there is clearly manifested sensitivity to temperature changes. The pain disappears quickly enough.
- Caries of the deep stage. For this stage of the disease is characterized by a profound violation of the inside of the tooth, which is close to the nerves, the pain is powerful and unbearable, irritation to everything cold and hot.
A feature of cervical caries is that if it is started, the doctor will have to remove the dental nerve and fill the tooth canals. This is due to the fact that the tooth's neck is in close proximity to the dental canals, and if caries are not treated in time, it will quickly penetrate deep into the tooth.
Cervical caries: before and after photos
As this type of caries looks, we offer detailed photos of the tooth to view.
Diagnostics
Cervical caries is diagnosed well, as the affected areas are visible to the naked eye. The patient himself, looking in the mirror, can easily find in his white petrous areas at the base of the tooth.
In some cases, dentists use special solutions for accurate diagnosis and ask the patient to rinse their mouth. The essence of the technique is the inability of the dyes to penetrate through the healthy enamel, while at the same time in the places of demineralization, the pigment easily penetrates through the porous, damaged surface into the dentin. The main substance of the tooth easily and quickly takes a given color and retains it for several days.
How to treat a cervical caries
Depending on the severity of the course and the severity of the symptoms of cervical caries, a treatment regimen is determined. When caries looks more like white petiolus spots, and the upper layer of the enamel is not damaged, conservative treatment is usually carried out, namely, remineralization. During remineralization, the calcium-deprived tooth enamel is saturated with this mineral with the help of special preparations that also contain other minerals. This procedure strengthens the enamel and prevents caries from developing further.
When forming the cavity, the treatment of cervical caries should include the following main steps: local anesthesia, removal of dental deposits, preparation of the defect and treatment cavity, application of medical and insulating pads (for the treatment of medium and deep caries), setting a seal of light polymerization, grinding and polishing the seal.
Prevention
The best way to prevent the recurrence of cervical caries is to brush your teeth regularly, trying to thoroughly clean them up to the neck. In addition, regularly visit the dentist, because if caries is found in the initial stage, it is possible to do with a simple remineralization.
Once every 6-12 months it is recommended to do a professional cleaning of teeth to remove from them deposits that contain cariogenic microorganisms
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