Congestive pneumonia in recumbent patients

Symptoms and treatment of congestive pneumonia

Pneumonia stagnant can not appear on its own. The cause of its occurrence are diseases, a long stay in the patient's bed in the postoperative period, strokes, trauma. Developing against this background, pneumonia seriously aggravates the course of the underlying disease and its treatment. Often, these complications can lead to unpleasant consequences, up to the death of the patient.

Causes of the disease

Stagnant, or hypostatic, pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue. This ailment is caused by congestion due to lack of movement and limited ventilation of the lungs.In its manifestation, the disease is considered secondary and occurs in patients already having a disease leading to a restriction of movement or weakening of the body.The first signs of pathology can be weakly expressed and can only be diagnosed by a specialist as a therapist. The following patients are predisposed to congestive pneumonia:

• patients who may experience stagnation in the circulatory system;
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• Those who are forced to spend a long time in bed;
• patients older than 60 years;
• with a long postoperative period;
• with curvatures of the spine or deformity of the sternum;
• with serious diseases, for example, asthma, diabetes, heart disease.

With congestive pneumonia in the bronchi of the patient, against a background of insufficient ventilation, sputum accumulates. This leads to the creation of conditions for the multiplication of various pathogens. Most often, pneumonia is one-sided, when the disease affects one lung, usually the right side. If the disease affects both lungs, then it is a two-way pneumonia, and this becomes a threatening factor, and the treatment process is difficult.

Signs of the disease

Symptoms of the disease are very similar to pneumonia. Its signs are as follows:

• when listening to the lungs, rales are found;
• there is a cough;
• there is a slight increase in body temperature;
• the patient has shortness of breath.

With hypostatic pneumonia, cough with sputum or with minor pus discharge can be observed. The temperature is usually not high. The patient can complain of general weakness, lethargy, sweating. Decreased appetite.

The disease can develop after 2-3 weeks of bed rest, and sometimes gaining momentum in a few days, held in a supine position. In the latter case, it is difficult to recognize the ailment, since its symptoms merge with the symptoms of the underlying disease. In time, untreated treatment threatens the development of pleurisy or pericarditis.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

The diagnosis is made by a comprehensive examination of the patient's condition. The specialist interrogates the patient, performs his examination and listens to the lungs. The main diagnostic tool is X-ray. On X-ray images, it is possible to detect dark areas in the lungs. Urine tests, general and biochemical blood tests, sputum culture are carried out.

With insufficient information, studies can be performed on a magnetic resonance imager, bronchoscopy. Based on the results of a comprehensive study, the physician selects treatment measures.

Stagnant pneumonia in each patient has its own symptomatology and course, but in any case it is a rather long process. The treatment takes at least 4-5 months and continues even when the patient feels supposedly healthy. Determine the sufficiency of therapy can only a doctor based on tests.

The process of recovery should proceed under the supervision of a specialist, since there is a danger of developing infection in weakened lungs. In this case, the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

Congestive pneumonia requires an integrated approach. Bronchodilators are prescribed for cough and for better excretion of sputum. They are taken on the recommendation of the doctor and in the indicated doses within 30 days. To improve blood circulation in the lungs, Trental is usually prescribed. Strengthen the cardiac muscle will help Digitalis. At the same time, the patient is prescribed diuretics. They help to free the body of excess fluid and reduce puffiness.

Breathing exercises

Do not underestimate respiratory gymnastics, which promotes ventilation of the lungs.

It consists in the following. The patient takes a breath and raises his hands up. Then a sharp exhalation follows, hands at the same time drop down.

A good exercise is inflating balloons. It should be done 2 minutes in the morning and in the evening.

If the patient does not get out of bed on his own, then during the day it should be raised to a sitting position for several minutes, if it is allowed by the doctor. The room where the patient is located should be ventilated and humidified periodically.

Alternative medicine

A good help in the treatment of hypostatic pneumonia are all kinds of syrups, piles, elixirs, which are already ready for use can be purchased at the pharmacy.

Broths from herbs are easy to make independently on the basis of proven folk recipes.

To stimulate the removal of phlegm, you can make syrup from the root of elecampane. Two large spoons of crushed raw material is poured into 250 g of boiling water and cooked for 30 minutes on a small fire. Then cool the broth filter and add honey. Honey should be added so that the resulting syrup was sweet and slightly bitter. The patient should take it 2 large spoons before meals.

Two tablespoons of a mixture of dry herbs thyme and thyme pour two cups of boiling water. I'll let it cool and drain. Eat all the broth for a day after eating.

You can prepare the mixture according to the following recipe: 1 kg of flax seed and walnut to grind to a homogeneous viscous mass. It should be stored in a cool place. For reception in 100 g butter cream to mix a spoon of a mix. Put on a slow fire and boil. In the cooling mass add honey in the amount of 1-spoon. After cooling it can be spread over bread and eat without restriction.

You should drink tea with lemon, raspberries. Good for expectoration helps boil the dogrose.

With congestive pneumonia, it is useful to put the patient on the can, massage on the back and apply elixirs of the expectorant and diuretic properties.

The use of traditional medicine is not the main one for the treatment of congestive pneumonia, but it can strengthen the effects of medications and alleviate discomfort.

Preventive actions

You can protect yourself from colds and pneumonia by following simple rules.

On cool days you should dress in the weather. Keep feet dry and warm. Walking in the fresh air must become a habit.

It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking and not drink alcohol. You should constantly keep your body toned, engage in exercise.

In the diet it is recommended to include juices and fruits rich in vitamins. Products such as fish, red meat, beans, contain zinc in their composition, which can reduce the possibility of pneumonia.

It is advisable to vaccinate against influenza, especially at a solid age. This will save you from complications.

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A timely diagnosis and early treatment will help get rid of the disease in 3-4 weeks.

In neglected form, pneumonia can last for months and lead to irreversible consequences. Treat the disease should be under the supervision of a doctor, according to his recommendations. Simple prophylaxis is able to protect against this disease and maintain health.

respiratoria.ru

Features of the development and treatment of congestive pneumonia in the elderly

Stagnant pneumonia in the elderly is a serious problem that requires immediate reaction from relatives. In such a situation, the respiratory tract and organs are completely open to infections, and since the elderly organism is already weak, the consequences can become very sad.

Pneumonia is a disease that affects lung tissue. The longer the situation drags on, the more difficult it will be to deal with it later.

How does pneumonia appear and develop in old people?

Any disease associated with the respiratory system is very dangerous for the elderly. This is due to the fact that with age, the body's protective functions are significantly reduced and even the most common cold can cause serious harm to health.

Pneumonia has its own forms, which are found in every age category. For example, for middle age is characterized by croupous pneumonia, which has a fairly vivid symptomatology, because of what it is easy to diagnose. If the patient drinks the course of certain drugs, then recovery will come quickly enough. But the older a person becomes, the more risky it becomes for him to become infected with focal pneumonia. Pneumonia in the elderly is more difficult to perceive by the body.

Infection with pneumonia in all occurs in the same way, only in contrast to the young, the elderly have a slightly different protection system. Pathogens that enter the body must meet antibodies in their path. But the aged organism can no longer produce them in the proper quantity, because of which the disease becomes heavier.

The older a person becomes, the more violations occur in his body: systems, organs and tissues due to age can no longer fully perform their work. Accordingly, this situation causes a weakening from one side or the other, so old people get sick more often than young people. Pneumonia in the elderly causes a violation of the drainage function, which causes the body to accumulate mucus, which eventually thickens. Such accumulations are produced by the affected bronchi.

In bedridden patients, the situation is much more difficult, since bedsores and swelling form in this position. If such formations are localized in the upper part of the sternum, then this is a signal of a violation of blood flow in pulmonary parenchyma, which becomes a good basis for inflammatory processes in the lungs and the development of pneumonia in such patients.

It is quite often that pneumonia occurs if a person has to take medicines. The body does not have time to remove all the chemistry, which is why intoxication develops. All these factors determine the individual approach to treating the disease in the elderly.

Why can pneumonia occur in a person of advanced age?

For the development of such a disease certain prerequisites are needed. In the future, it is from them will be based on the doctor, selecting the treatment.

It can be the following factors:

1. Pneumonia in the elderly can develop during the rehabilitation period.

For example, if a person is doing any kind of surgery and now he has to lie a lot. In this case, there is a risk of developing functional or even anatomical changes. This is especially common in people who have suffered a stroke, heart or lung disease, as a result of which they became bedridden (even for a short time).

1. Due to age, the lungs also begin to change.

If you listen to the breathing of the elderly (over 65 years), you can pay attention to the fact that it is not deep, but superficial.This is due to the fact that now the diaphragm has weak contractions, its functions are not fully implemented. Also, with age, the elasticity of the lung tissue decreases, which is why they are poorly cleaned, and there is a buildup of mucus, which is an excellent medium for the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria. The stagnant form of pneumonia develops due to the activity of anaerobes, pneumococci and enterobacteria.

1. In the human body there are large and small circles of circulation.

The older the person becomes, the weaker the latter is. Bronchi are no longer properly ventilated, and all microbes living in them begin to actively colonize the bronchial tracheal tree and oropharynx.

All these moments, alas, eventually come to everyone. But nevertheless this time can be maximally delayed, if in youth to observe a healthy lifestyle and give up all bad habits. Of course, the conditions of ecology can not be changed, but it is possible to exclude at least alcohol and cigarettes.

What are the symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly?

There are a number of symptoms that will help diagnose a person's pneumonia. They include:

1. Low-productivity cough. This symptom is the main one, but it is not observed at all, therefore the clinical picture should be evaluated as a whole.
2. If the lungs have begun inflammatory processes, they will manifest themselves in the form of dyspnea. In most cases, pneumonia only has this symptom, and others are not detected.
3. This disease can be accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and pain in the chest, especially when the diaphragm moves: deep inspiration, sneezing, coughing, etc.
4. On examination, the doctor conducts listening to the chest, during which he notes the defeat of the pleura tissues. When tapping the chest and back, you can hear a dull or crunchy sound, but this symptom does not always manifest itself and can be weakly expressed. By the way, that's why it's important to get to a qualified specialist who "catches" such a symptom.

The general condition also worsens. A person becomes inhibited, his physical and emotional reactions are reduced. He constantly wants to sleep, the consciousness is periodically clouded. The general mood is characterized as apathetic, while the patient may refuse to eat. All these moments may indicate that, in addition to respiratory organs, the central nervous system begins to be affected.

Often, pneumonia is accompanied by a fever.

In addition to loss of appetite, the patient may have problems with retention of urine, his physical strength is significantly weakened.

These symptoms are more typical for the initial stage of the disease. The temperature indices of the body can be kept as normal, but may drop. This condition should be paid special attention.

Of course, such symptoms can also speak of other diseases. But if the level of sucrose in the blood can not be maintained by drugs, while the patient is observed heart failure and his condition becomes worse, and leukocytosis is absent, then these are direct symptoms pneumonia.

What can be the treatment of the disease?

As soon as the patient is diagnosed, it is necessary to immediately start treatment, which involves the following actions:

• if the pneumonia is severe, the patient is immediately hospitalized;
• in therapy mandatory include antibiotics, mucolytic and expectorant drugs that maximally withdraw phlegm ("Bromgeksin "Mukaltin "Ambroxol");
• that the respiratory functions are not violated and the heart is working properly, the patient is prescribed special cardiac medications.

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If the patient is helped in a timely manner, then, despite long-term treatment, he will be able to recover. In most cases, the life of the patient depends on the speed of the reaction of others.

respiratoria.ru

Cough in bedridden patients: causes, treatment

People confined to bed are very vulnerable to various diseases. The state of the patient's body is weakened. Because of this, the susceptibility to the emergence of various pathological processes that cause coughing, he has several times more than an ordinary person who lives a full life.

Types of cough in bedridden patients

Prolonged, painful cough people, bedridden, experience very painful. It can occur due to colds, infections, bronchitis, allergies and other diseases. However, most often is a symptom of such dangerous pathologies as pneumonia and heart disease.

Congestive pneumonia in bedridden patients

A classic sign of pneumonia is a cough that is accompanied by:

• Blood.
• Purulent-mucous expectoration.
• Hard breathing and shortness of breath.
• Hoars.

It begins abruptly, characterized by the onset of fever. Because of him, the person is deprived of rest. Strong attacks can cause heart rhythm failures, fainting.

Cardiac cough in bedridden patients

Sometimes sharp reflex exhalations are a symptom of the onset of heart failure of the left ventricle. They often wake a person. Day may appear after eating or active movements. They can be characterized as suffocating. Appear paroxysmally, can last from several minutes to several hours. The recumbent position in this case serves as a provocative factor. Basically they appear at one time with shortness of breath. Often occur with an attack of cardiac asthma or swelling of the lungs in an acute form.

Often a cardiac cough occurs due to blood stagnation in the pulmonary circulation. It is usually dry and very stubborn, greatly irritating the patient. Appears at any physical strain, and it happens at night, at rest. Prevents the rest of the patient and people who are with him. Due to lack of sleep, irritability and depression occur. With successful treatment of heart disease passes by himself. With long stagnation of blood begins to be accompanied by wet rales, whistles. The patient begins to excrete sputum yellow-brown color.

Cold cough in bed patients

Reflex act, caused by various colds and infections, can be both dry and wet. Very often it is accompanied by high fever, sore throat. The reclining person has rather small chances of getting sick with ailments that cause such a symptom. However, when it appears and the slightest suspicion of the occurrence of colds and infections, you should immediately call a doctor.

Allergic cough in bedridden patients

Cough, provoked by an allergy, can be dry. It causes severe discomfort in humans. To get rid of it is quite simple - you just need to remove the allergen, because of which it arose.

If a recumbent person starts to have a cough, it is very important to observe the patient. A clear description of the nature of sharp reflex exhalations, as well as the time of occurrence, provoking factors, the position of the body will help the doctor to correctly determine the cause of their appearance.

Cure for people who are bedridden

The treatment of cough in bed patients should be carried out under compulsory medical supervision. After making the diagnosis and prescribing the necessary drugs, you need to ensure that the patient regularly takes them.

Important points are:

• Clear adherence to all medical appointments.
• Application as additional means of phytotherapy, cans, mustard plasters, compresses, footbaths of mustard, inhalations.
• Drinking liquids in large quantities.
• High-grade food.
• Mandatory wet cleaning and ventilation of the room.
• Provision of a reclining patient with a spittoon.
• Exclusion of all provocateurs, aggravating cough.

To prevent the onset of pulmonary edema, recumbent people are recommended:

• Through a tube to exhale air in a container of water.
• Inflate air balloons.

In order to avoid stagnation in the small circle of blood circulation it is useful to lift the head and shoulders of the patient and leave it in this position. To successfully combat the disease in bedridden patients, an immediate call of a doctor and an early start of treatment are very important.

prokashel.ru

How can one ease the suffering of a recumbent patient who has developed stagnation in the lungs? Are there any drugs?

Answers:

Arnie Novah

For the prevention of congestive pneumonia in bed patients it is useful to inflate rubber balls, blow into a straw into the water, even inflate soap bubbles. Well, frequent changes in the position of the trunk during bed rest.

sitkeni

I can only offer assistance to a specialist.

Julia Julia

regularly changing the position of the body from lying in sitting, you will ease the condition, temporarily ...

Babka Yozhka

Put the jars in a day, they will suck up the accumulating phlegm and facilitate breathing. If the recumbent can at least move his hands, make him do breathing exercises with an open window every day: his hands are raised - inhaled, lowered - exhalation. And so on.

Orchid

I do not know how much seriously you have, it will help or not, but inflating the balloon can help. So doctors make bedridden patients.

sergei zaharov

looking what do you mean by "stagnation"
if this is a stagnation, which from lying down position, it is necessary to move the patient, to turn, massage, do respiratory gymnastics, let him moves everything that can, you help, lift the head end of the bed (do not bend your head in the neck, but to bend the body in the lower back Little)
if that stasis is from heart disease, pneumonia and so on - you should consult about treatment with a doctor who sees the patient. (because if there are these diseases, they must be treated)

Pneumonia in the elderly

Pneumonia in the elderly is an acute infectious disease, predominantly bacterial etiology, characterized by a focal lesion of the respiratory parts of the lungs, the presence of intraalveolar exudation, which is revealed during physical or instrumental examination, expressed in varying degrees by a feverish reaction and intoxication.

Pneumonia in the elderly is one of the most common diseases: in Ukraine, the average incidence rates are 10-15%. The risk of developing pneumonia increases with age. The prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among elderly and senile people in the United States is 20-40%. Mortality in pneumonia among patients over 60 years is 10 times higher than in other age groups, and reaches 10-15% in pneumococcal pneumonia.

How is pneumonia manifested in the elderly?

Clinical manifestations of pneumonia are made up of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms.

Pulmonary manifestations

Cough, unproductive or with the separation of sputum, is a frequent manifestation of pneumonia. However, in attenuated patients with oppression of the cough reflex (stroke, Alzheimer's disease), it is often absent.

A characteristic sign of pneumonia is shortness of breath, which can be one of the main (and sometimes the only) of its manifestations in the elderly.

The inflammatory process in the lung tissue, spreading to the pleura, causes in patients a feeling of heaviness and pain in the chest. In these cases, a pleural friction noise is heard.

With pneumonia in elderly patients, such classical signs as dullness of percussion sound, crepitation are not always clearly expressed, and sometimes - absent. This can be explained by the fact that the phenomenon of compaction of pulmonary tissue in pneumonia in the elderly does not always reach the degree that would be sufficient to form these features. Often, the dehydration in elderly patients due to various causes (gastrointestinal tract damage, tumor process, diuretic speech), limits exudation to the alveoli, making it difficult to form pulmonary infiltration.

In elderly patients it is difficult to unambiguously interpret the signs of pulmonary tissue damage revealed during percussion and auscultation due to the presence of! background pathology - heart failure, lung tumor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - COPD. Thus, percussion dullness with pneumonia is difficult to distinguish from atelectasis, bronchial breathing with the presence of wheezing can be due to the presence of a pneumosclerotic site, wet small-bubbling rales can be heard in the left ventricular insufficiency. The erroneous interpretation of auscultatory data is the most common cause of clinical overdiagnosis of pneumonia in the elderly.

Extrapulmonary symptoms

Fever with pneumonia in the elderly and old age is observed quite often (75-80%), although compared with patients of other age groups, the disease often occurs with normal or even low temperature, which is prognostically less favorable sign. Frequent manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly are violations of the central nervous system in the form of apathy, drowsiness, inhibition, loss of appetite, confusion, until the development of a co-morbid condition.

In some cases, the first manifestations of pneumonia are a sudden disruption of physical activity, loss of interest in the environment, refusal to eat, urinary incontinence. Such situations are sometimes mistakenly interpreted as a manifestation of senile dementia.

From the clinical symptoms of pneumonia, the decompensation of background diseases may come to the fore in the foreground. Thus, in patients with COPD, clinical manifestations of pneumonia may be characterized by increased cough, emergence of respiratory failure, which can be mistakenly regarded as an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. With the development of pneumonia in a patient with congestive heart failure, the latter can progress and become refractory (resistant) to treatment.

Markers of pneumonia can be, decompensation of diabetes mellitus with the development of ketoacidosis (in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus); emergence signs of liver failure in patients with cirrhosis; development or progression of renal failure in patients with chronic pyelonephritis.

Leukocytosis may be absent in a third of patients with pneumonia, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign, especially in the presence of a neutrophil shift. These laboratory changes have no age-specific features.

How is pneumonia treated in the elderly?

Classification, most fully reflecting the characteristics of the course of community-acquired pneumonia and allowing to substantiate etiotropic therapy, is based on the definition of the causative agent of the disease. However, in practice, the clarification of the etiology of pneumonia is unrealistic because of the lack of information and the considerable duration of traditional microbiological studies. In addition, the elderly in 50% of cases there is no productive cough in the early period of the disease.

At the same time, the treatment of pneumonia should be started urgently when establishing a clinical diagnosis.

In a number of cases (20-45%), even if there are adequate sputum samples, it is not possible to identify the pathogen.

Therefore, in practice, the most often used empirical approach to the selection of etiotropic therapy. Treatment of patients older than 60 years can be performed on an outpatient basis. For this purpose it is recommended to use protected aminopenicillins or cephalosporins of the second generation. Due to the high risk of Legionella or chlamydial etiology of pneumonia, it is advisable to combine the drugs above of these groups with macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, rovamycin), increasing the duration of therapy to 14-21 days (with legionellosis).

Need for mandatory hospitalization patients with clinically severe pneumonia, the symptoms of which are: cyanosis and dyspnea more than 30 per min., confused consciousness, high fever level, tachycardia not corresponding to the degree of fever, arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure below 100 mm, Hg. Art. and / or diastolic blood pressure below 60 mm Hg. st.). In severe community-acquired pneumonia, it is recommended to use cephalosporins of the third generation (claforan) in combination with parenteral macrolides. Recently, it has been proposed to use stepwise antibacterial therapy with the stabilization or improvement of the inflammatory process in the lungs. The optimal variant of this technique is the consistent use of two dosage forms (for parenteral administration and for oral administration) of the same antibiotic, which ensures continuity treatment. The transition to oral administration of the drug becomes possible 2-3 days after the start of treatment. For this type of therapy can be used: ampicillin sodium and ampicillin trihydrate, sulbactam and ampicillin, amoxicillin / clavunate, ofloxacin, cefuroxime sodium and cefuroxime acetyl, erythromycin.

Antibiotics for the treatment of pneumonia in the elderly

Benzippeicidulin

Is highly active against the most frequent pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia - S. pneumoniae. In recent years there has been an increase in the resistance of pneumococci to penicillin, and in some countries its level reaches 40%, which limits the use of this drug.

Aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)

Characterized by a broader spectrum of activity than benzylpenicillins, but unstable to beta-lactamases of staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria. Amoxicillin has an advantage over ampicillin, since it is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, less dosed and better tolerated. Amoxicillin can be used with a mild pneumonia in outpatient practice in elderly patients without concomitant pathology.

Protected aminopenicillins - amoxicilav / kpavulanate

Unlike ampicillin and amoxicillin, the drug is active against strains of B-lactamase producing bacteria that are inhibited by clavulanate, which is part of it. Amoxicillin / clavulanate is highly active against most pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, including anaerobes. Currently considered as a leading drug in the treatment of community-acquired infections of the respiratory tract.

The presence of the parenteral form allows the use of the drug in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia.

Cefuroxime

Refers to cephalosporins of the second generation. The spectrum of action is close to amoxicillin / clavulanate, with the exception of anaerobic microorganisms. Strains of pneumococcus, resistant to penicillin, can be resistant to cefuroxime. This drug is considered as a first-line agent in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in geriatric patients.

Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone

Relate to parenteral cephalosporins of the third generation. They are highly active against most Gram-negative bacteria and pneumococci, including strains resistant to penicillin. They are the drugs of choice in the treatment of severe pneumonia in the elderly. Ceftriaxone is the optimal drug for parenteral treatment of elderly patients with pneumonia at home because of the convenience of administration - once a day.

Macrolides

In elderly patients, the importance of macrolides is limited due to the characteristics of the spectrum of pathogens. In addition, in recent years, there has been an increase in the resistance of pneumococci and hemophilic rods to macrolides. Macrolides of the elderly should be administered in combination with third-generation cephalosporins in severe pneumonia.

Other treatment of pneumonia in the elderly

The effect of therapy largely depends on the correct use of cardiac agents affecting the function respiration (camphor, cardiamine), cardiac glycosides, coronarolytics and, if necessary, antiarrhythmic means.

As antitussive agents with persistent dry cough used drugs that do not have a negative effect on the drainage function of the bronchi (balticks, intussin).

The appointment of expectorant and mucolytic drugs is an important link in complex therapy. Usually used: bromhexine, ambroxol, mucaltin, 1-3% aqueous solution of potassium iodide, infusion of thermopsis, alteynic root, leaves of mother-and-stepmother, plantain, breast-collecting.

Great attention should be paid to the organization of treatment, care and monitoring of patients with pneumonia. B feverish period requires bed rest and individual fasting or stay in the intensive care unit, control of hemodynamic parameters and the degree of respiratory failure. Important psychological support, early activation of the patient, because people of the elderly and senile are very sensitive to hypodynamia.

Food should be easily digestible, rich in vitamins (especially vitamins C). It should be given often (up to 6 times a day). Abundant drink (about 2 liters) in the form of green tea, mors, compote, broth.

When bed rest, constipation is often observed, caused mainly by intestinal atony. When inclined to constipation shows the inclusion in the diet of fruit juices, apples, beets and other vegetables and fruits that stimulate intestinal peristalsis.

Reception of light laxatives of plant origin (preparations of buckthorn, Senna), slightly alkaline mineral waters. Without special indications, it is not necessary to limit the intake of fluid (less than 1, liter per day), as this can contribute to the increase of constipation.

Pneumonia in the elderly lasts about 4 weeks before the normalization of the main clinical and laboratory indicators. However, the restoration of the structure of the lung tissue can be delayed up to 6 months. Therefore, it is extremely important to conduct a complex of medical and recreational activities in outpatient settings. He must! include clinical and laboratory and roentgenological examination after 1-3-5 months, the use of vitamins and antioxidants, bronchodilators and expectorants, sanation of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, cessation of smoking, physical therapy, exercise therapy and, if possible, a sanatorium treatment.

ilive.com.ua

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